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1
Veeramuthu, Loganathan, Manikandan Venkatesan, Fang-Cheng Liang, Jean-Sebastien Benas, Chia-Jung Cho, Chin-Wen Chen, Ye Zhou, Rong-Ho Lee, and Chi-Ching Kuo. "Conjugated Copolymers through Electrospinning Synthetic Strategies and Their Versatile Applications in Sensing Environmental Toxicants, pH, Temperature, and Humidity." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conjugated copolymers (CCPs) are a class of polymers with excellent optical luminescent and electrical conducting properties because of their extensive π conjugation. CCPs have several advantages such as facile synthesis, structural tailorability, processability, and ease of device fabrication by compatible solvents. Electrospinning (ES) is a versatile technique that produces continuous high throughput nanofibers or microfibers and its appropriate synchronization with CCPs can aid in harvesting an ideal sensory nanofiber. The ES-based nanofibrous membrane enables sensors to accomplish ultrahigh sensitivity and response time with the aid of a greater surface-to-volume ratio. This review covers the crucial aspects of designing highly responsive optical sensors that includes synthetic strategies, sensor fabrication, mechanistic aspects, sensing modes, and recent sensing trends in monitoring environmental toxicants, pH, temperature, and humidity. In particular, considerable attention is being paid on classifying the ES-based optical sensor fabrication to overcome remaining challenges such as sensitivity, selectivity, dye leaching, instability, and reversibility.
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Leja, Laura, Vitālijs Purlans, Rihards Novickis, Andrejs Cvetkovs, and Kaspars Ozols. "Mathematical Model and Synthetic Data Generation for Infra-Red Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 9458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A key challenge in further improving infrared (IR) sensor capabilities is the development of efficient data pre-processing algorithms. This paper addresses this challenge by providing a mathematical model and synthetic data generation framework for an uncooled IR sensor. The developed model is capable of generating synthetic data for the design of data pre-processing algorithms of uncooled IR sensors. The mathematical model accounts for the physical characteristics of the focal plane array, bolometer readout, optics and the environment. The framework permits the sensor simulation with a range of sensor configurations, pixel defectiveness, non-uniformity and noise parameters.
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Jhuo, Yan-Ru, Chi-Yu Chen, Yu-Hsuan Yang, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh та Yuh-Jye Lee. "Continuous Monitoring of the Ambient Factors via ε-Smooth Support Vector Regression". Proceedings 31, № 1 (21 листопада 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019031063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thanks to the advances of the Internet of Things (IoTs), more and more wireless sensor networks applications have been realized. One of the fundamental but crucial applications is the continuous monitoring of environmental factors including temperature, humidity, illumination, etc. We develop a nonlinear regression model which takes spatial and temporal information into account to construct a globally three-dimensional heat map for a closed space based on very sparse sensor deployment. However, fitting the whole-space heat map with a very limited number of sensor observations gives a very poor estimation when we use a nonlinear model. We call it the coverage hole problem. We utilize the uniform experimental design which is well known in industrial statistics to allocate the synthetic sensors. We estimate those synthetic sensor readings on the basis of linear model locally. We then apply ε -SSVR, a nonlinear support vector regression model to fit the globally three-dimensional heat map by combining real sensor and synthetic sensor readings. The numerical results demonstrate our proposed model can enhance the accuracy significantly.
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Hoa, Nguyen Duc, Nguyen Van Duy, Sherif A. El-Safty, and Nguyen Van Hieu. "Meso-/Nanoporous Semiconducting Metal Oxides for Gas Sensor Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/972025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development and/or design of new materials and/or structures for effective gas sensor applications with fast response and high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability are very important issues in the gas sensor technology. This critical review introduces our recent progress in the development of meso-/nanoporous semiconducting metal oxides and their applications to gas sensors. First, the basic concepts of resistive gas sensors and the recent synthesis of meso-/nanoporous metal oxides for gas sensor applications are introduced. The advantages of meso-/nanoporous metal oxides are also presented, taking into account the crystallinity and ordered/disordered porous structures. Second, the synthesis methods of meso-/nanoporous metal oxides including the soft-template, hard-template, and temple-free methods are introduced, in which the advantages and disadvantages of each synthetic method are figured out. Third, the applications of meso-/nanoporous metal oxides as gas sensors are presented. The gas nanosensors are designed based on meso-/nanoporous metal oxides for effective detection of toxic gases. The sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of the meso-/nanoporous gas nanosensors are also discussed. Finally, some conclusions and an outlook are presented.
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Grabka, Michał, Przemysław Kula, Mateusz Szala, Krzysztof Jasek, and Michał Czerwiński. "Fluorophenol-Containing Hydrogen-Bond Acidic Polysiloxane for Gas Sensing-Synthesis and Characterization." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, the synthesis of a new polysiloxane, poly {dimethylsiloxane-co-[4-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenoxy) butyl] methylsiloxane} (dubbed PMFOS), is presented. This polymer exhibits high hydrogen bond acidity and was designed to be used as a sensor layer in gas sensors. The description of the synthetic route of the PMFOS has been divided into two main stages: the synthesis of the functional substituent 4-(but-3-en-1-yloxy)-2,3-difluorophenol, and the post-polymerization functionalization of the polysiloxane chain (methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer) via hydrosilylation. The synthesized material was subjected to instrumental analysis, which confirmed its structure. The performed thermal analysis made it possible to determine some properties important for the sensor application, such as glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature. The results showed that PMFOS meets the requirements for materials intended for use in gas sensors based on acoustoelectric transducers.
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TORMO GARCIA, FRANCISCO JAVIER, Juan Ivorra Martínez, Teodomiro Boronat, and NESTOR MONTAÑES MUÑOZ. "LOW-COST FABRICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF A FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE-BASED TOUCH SENSOR." DYNA DYNA-ACELERADO (October 26, 2022): [ 5 pp.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a new method to produce a flexible piezoresistive sensor based on graphite. Under the premise of low-cost manufacturing, the materials used are easy to acquire and the manufacturing process consists of a simple transfer and exfoliation of a graphite paste thus obtaining flexible sheets. These sensors exhibit high sensitivity to touch and pressure. To characterise their response, an ad hoc method has been developed to recreate the interaction of the sensor with a human finger, which is shown in detail. The result presented is a highly sensitive graphite sensor, stable, easily integrated and with multiple application possibilities, for example in intelligent prostheses, in systems for capturing the movement of the human body and even for use as synthetic skin. Key Words: Graphite, piezoresistive flexible sensor, low cost, tactile, synthetic skin.
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Xu, Chen-Yan, Kang-Ping Ning, Zheng Wang, Yao Yao, Qin Xu, and Xiao-Ya Hu. "Flexible Electrochemical Platform Coupled with In Situ Prepared Synthetic Receptors for Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A flexible electrochemical sensor based on the carbon felt (CF) functionalized with Bisphenol A (BPA) synthetic receptors was developed. The artificial Bisphenol A receptors were grafted on the CF by a simple thermal polymerization molecular imprinting process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical characterizations were used to analyze the receptors. Characterization results demonstrated that the Bisphenol A synthetic receptors successfully formed on the CFs surface. Because the synthetic receptor and the porous CFs were successfully combined, the sensor displayed a better current response once Bisphenol A was identified. The sensor’s linear range was determined to be from 0.5 to 8.0 nM and 10.0 to 300.0 nM, with a detection limit of 0.36 nM. Even after being bent and stretched repeatedly, the electrode’s performance was unaffected, demonstrating the robustness, adaptability and viability of installing the sensor on flat or curved surfaces for on-site detection. The designed electrochemical sensor has been used successfully to identify Bisphenol A in milk samples with satisfactory results. This work provided a promising platform for the design of implantable, portable and miniaturized sensors.
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Cavalli, Rosa Maria. "The Weight of Hyperion and PRISMA Hyperspectral Sensor Characteristics on Image Capability to Retrieve Urban Surface Materials in the City of Venice." Sensors 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the success of the first hyperspectral sensor, the evaluation of hyperspectral image capability became a challenge in research, which mainly focused on improving image pre-processing and processing steps to minimize their errors, whereas in this study, the focus was on the weight of hyperspectral sensor characteristics on image capability in order to distinguish this effect from errors caused by image pre-processing and processing steps and improve our knowledge of errors. For these purposes, two satellite hyperspectral sensors with similar spatial and spectral characteristics (Hyperion and PRISMA) were compared with corresponding synthetic images, and the city of Venice was selected as the study area. After creating the synthetic images, the errors in the simulation of Hyperion and PRISMA images were evaluated (1.6 and 1.1%, respectively). The same spectral unmixing procedure was performed using real and synthetic images, and their accuracies were compared. The spectral accuracies in root mean square error were equal to 0.017 and 0.016, respectively. In addition, 72.3 and 77.4% of these values were related to sensor characteristics. The spatial accuracies in the mean absolute error were equal to 3.93 and 3.68, respectively. A total of 55.6 and 59.0% of these values were related to sensor characteristics, and 22.6 and 22.3% were related to co-localization and spatial resampling errors. The difference between the radiometric precision values of the sensors was 6.81 and 5.91% regarding the spectral and spatial accuracies of Hyperion image. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the combined use of two or more real hyperspectral images with similar characteristics and their synthetic images quantifies the weight of hyperspectral sensor characteristics on their image capability and improves our knowledge regarding processing errors, and thus image capability.
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Sherman, Christopher, Robert Mellors, Joseph Morris, and Frederick Ryerson. "Geomechanical modeling of distributed fiber-optic sensor measurements." Interpretation 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): SA21—SA27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0063.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fiber-optic-based distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) are a new technology that can be deployed in a well and are continuously interrogated during operations. These sensors measure the strain (or strain rate) at all points along the fiber and have been used extensively to monitor hydraulic stimulations. The data from these sensors indicate that they are sensitive to high-frequency signals associated with microseismicity and low-frequency signals associated with fracture growth. We have developed a set of idealized models to simulate these signals and to identify interpretation methods that may be used to estimate fracture location, geometry, and extent. We use a multiphysics code that includes rock physics, fluid flow, and elastic-wave propagation to generate synthetic DAS measurements from a set of simple models that mimic hydraulic fracturing. We then relate the signals observed in the synthetic DAS to specific features in the model such as fracture height, width, and aperture. Our results demonstrate that the synthetic DAS measurements may be used to interpret field DAS measurements and to optimize the design of future sensor deployments for sensitivity to fracture attributes.
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Min, Jun-Ki. "CMOS: Efficient Clustered Data Monitoring in Sensor Networks." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/704957.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tiny and smart sensors enable applications that access a network of hundreds or thousands of sensors. Thus, recently, many researchers have paid attention to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The limitation of energy is critical since most sensors are battery-powered and it is very difficult to replace batteries in cases that sensor networks are utilized outdoors. Data transmission between sensor nodes needs more energy than computation in a sensor node. In order to reduce the energy consumption of sensors, we present an approximate data gathering technique, called CMOS, based on the Kalman filter. The goal of CMOS is to efficiently obtain the sensor readings within a certain error bound. In our approach, spatially close sensors are grouped as a cluster. Since a cluster header generates approximate readings of member nodes, a user query can be answered efficiently using the cluster headers. In addition, we suggest an energy efficient clustering method to distribute the energy consumption of cluster headers. Our simulation results with synthetic data demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed technique.
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Pödör, Zoltán, and Anna Szabó. "A practical framework to generate and manage synthetic sensor data." Infocommunications journal 14, no. 2 (2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2022.2.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A huge number of sensors are around us and they generate different kinds of data. Data owners, e.g. the companies need IT environments and applications to handle these datasets. The collected data often contain sensitive information about the operation of the companies and the production processes. Therefore, artificial sensor data are strongly needed in the development and testing phase of these applications. In this paper, we introduce a complex application with three main modules to manage synthetic sensor data. The first component is the data generator module, which is capable of creating synthetic sensor data according to the user-defined distributions and parameters. The second module is in charge of storing the generated data in a flexible relational database, developed by us. The third component ensures the filtering and the visualization of the collected or generated data. A common interface was created to bring together the components and to provide a unified interface for the users. The adequate user management was an important aspect of our work. Accordingly, four different user types and authorities were defined.
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Wang, Xian Quan, Hong Guang Zhang, Yi Tan Lei, Gui Lin Zhu, and Yao Yu. "Design and Simulation Analysis of Two-Phase Grating-Type Displacement Sensors with Unequal-Pitch." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.548.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of grating displacement sensors towards higher precision and higher speed of dynamic responses, the traditional design structure is hard to solve the processing difficulty of the increasing number of poles for time grating sensors. In order to realize the analysis on the internal magnetic field distribution of high precision displacement sensor, the unequal pitch grating displacement sensor with two phase model is established using Ansoft Maxwell simulation environment. The feasibility of the two unequal pitch grating displacement sensor and magnetic field simulation are performed based on the proposed sensor model. In addition the detailed synthetic method is proposed for the simulation data. The analysis show the feasibility of the unequal pitch grating displacement sensor with two phase. The proposed displacement sensor decreases the difficulties of machining process technology and increase the pole number. As the result, the measuring precision is improved.
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Stefansson, Petter, Fredrik Karlsson, Magnus Persson, and Carl Magnus Olsson. "Synthetic Generation of Passive Infrared Motion Sensor Data Using a Game Engine." Sensors 21, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 8078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quantifying the number of occupants in an indoor space is useful for a wide variety of applications. Attempts have been made at solving the task using passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor data together with supervised learning methods. Collecting a large labeled dataset containing both PIR motion sensor data and ground truth people count is however time-consuming, often requiring one hour of observation for each hour of data gathered. In this paper, a method is proposed for generating such data synthetically. A simulator is developed in the Unity game engine capable of producing synthetic PIR motion sensor data by detecting simulated occupants. The accuracy of the simulator is tested by replicating a real-world meeting room inside the simulator and conducting an experiment where a set of choreographed movements are performed in the simulated environment as well as the real room. In 34 out of 50 tested situations, the output from the simulated PIR sensors is comparable to the output from the real-world PIR sensors. The developed simulator is also used to study how a PIR sensor’s output changes depending on where in a room a motion is carried out. Through this, the relationship between sensor output and spatial position of a motion is discovered to be highly non-linear, which highlights some of the difficulties associated with mapping PIR data to occupancy count.
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Pustelny, T., M. Procek, E. Maciak, A. Stolarczyk, S. Drewniak, M. Urbańczyk, M. Setkiewicz, K. Gut, and Z. Opilski. "Gas sensors based on nanostructures of semiconductors ZnO and TiO2." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0099-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper presents a resistance structures with sensor layers based on nanostructures elaborated on the base of TiO2 and ZnO. The structures were tested concerning their sensitivities to the effects of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The TiO2 and ZnO nanostructures played the role of sensor layers. Investigations have proved that the elaborated resistance structures with TiO2 and ZnO layers are sensitive to the presence of NO2 in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The resistance of the structure amounted to about 20 in the case of ZnO structures and to about 200 in the case of TiO2 structures. The investigations confirmed that resistance structures with ZnO and TiO2, exposed to the effect of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air changes their resistances relatively fast. This indicates that such structures might be practically applied in sensors of nitrogen dioxide ensuring a short time of response.
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Zhao, H., D. Acharya, M. Tomko, and K. Khoshelham. "INDOOR LIDAR RELOCALIZATION BASED ON DEEP LEARNING USING A 3D MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-541-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Indoor localization, navigation and mapping systems highly rely on the initial sensor pose information to achieve a high accuracy. Most existing indoor mapping and navigation systems cannot initialize the sensor poses automatically and consequently these systems cannot perform relocalization and recover from a pose estimation failure. For most indoor environments, a map or a 3D model is often available, and can provide useful information for relocalization. This paper presents a novel relocalization method for lidar sensors in indoor environments to estimate the initial lidar pose using a CNN pose regression network trained using a 3D model. A set of synthetic lidar frames are generated from the 3D model with known poses. Each lidar range image is a one-channel range image, used to train the CNN pose regression network from scratch to predict the initial sensor location and orientation. The CNN regression network trained by synthetic range images is used to estimate the poses of the lidar using real range images captured in the indoor environment. The results show that the proposed CNN regression network can learn from synthetic lidar data and estimate the pose of real lidar data with an accuracy of 1.9 m and 8.7 degrees.
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Voss, Söhnke, Rainer Fischer, Günther Jung, Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller, and Roland Brock. "A Fluorescence-Based Synthetic LPS Sensor." Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 3 (January 2007): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja065016p.
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Brown, S. W., and P.-S. Shaw. "A Method for the Reduction of Out-of-Band Measurement Errors in Multi-band Instruments using Synthetic Source Distributions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2149, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2149/1/012018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A method to reduce multi-band sensor measurement biases due to finite out-of-band response is described. The method takes advantage of the fact that out-of-band measurement errors cancel if the calibration source and the measured source have the same spectral distributions—independent of their spectral distributions or the magnitude of a sensor band’s out-of-band response. Using a known spectral responsivity, a synthetic, arbitrary source spectral distribution can replace a realized spectral distribution in the measurement equation and the signal can be calculated rather than measured. Given the freedom to select any arbitrary distribution for the synthetic source, the efficacy of the approach depends on the fidelity of the replication of the measured spectrum by the synthetic source spectrum. To illustrate the method, an example application is given of top-of-the-atmosphere measurements of water-leaving radiance by multi-band filter radiometers on celestial Earth-viewing sensors.
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Varga, Marián, Alexandr Laposa, Pavel Kulha, Marina Davydova, Jiri Kroutil, Miroslav Husak, and Alexander Kromka. "Fabrication of Diamond Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Synthetic diamond has remarkable properties comparable with natural diamond and hence is a very promising material for many various applications (sensors, heat sink, optical mirrors, cold cathode, tissue engineering, etc.). Nowadays, deposition of diamond films is normally employed in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually at high temperatures (800900 °C), what limit its application to high melting substrates. Gravimetric (mass) sensors belong to the major categories of chemical sensors and the most common type of mass sensor is the bulk acoustic quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). This contribution deals with a nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) growth from the H2/CH4/CO2gas mixture at low temperature (400 °C) by pulsed linear antenna microwave plasma system on 10 MHz circular AT-cut quartz resonators substrate. Gas sensor based on the NCD-coated QCM was developed for detection of ammonia (NH3) at room temperature. Measurements not only confirmed the functionality of this first published NCD-coated QCM sensor, but in addition its sensitivity was twofold to a virgin QCM sensor with a gold active layer.
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Mueggler, Elias, Henri Rebecq, Guillermo Gallego, Tobi Delbruck, and Davide Scaramuzza. "The event-camera dataset and simulator: Event-based data for pose estimation, visual odometry, and SLAM." International Journal of Robotics Research 36, no. 2 (February 2017): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364917691115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New vision sensors, such as the dynamic and active-pixel vision sensor (DAVIS), incorporate a conventional global-shutter camera and an event-based sensor in the same pixel array. These sensors have great potential for high-speed robotics and computer vision because they allow us to combine the benefits of conventional cameras with those of event-based sensors: low latency, high temporal resolution, and very high dynamic range. However, new algorithms are required to exploit the sensor characteristics and cope with its unconventional output, which consists of a stream of asynchronous brightness changes (called “events”) and synchronous grayscale frames. For this purpose, we present and release a collection of datasets captured with a DAVIS in a variety of synthetic and real environments, which we hope will motivate research on new algorithms for high-speed and high-dynamic-range robotics and computer-vision applications. In addition to global-shutter intensity images and asynchronous events, we provide inertial measurements and ground-truth camera poses from a motion-capture system. The latter allows comparing the pose accuracy of ego-motion estimation algorithms quantitatively. All the data are released both as standard text files and binary files (i.e. rosbag). This paper provides an overview of the available data and describes a simulator that we release open-source to create synthetic event-camera data.
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Viespe, Cristian. "Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors Based on Nanoporous Films for Hydrogen Detection." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor is one of the most promising detection systems due tosmaller size, lower weight, power requirements and great sensitivity. It is known from the liter-ature that Pd and ZnO are the most promising materials for detecting hydrogen. A nanoporousPd and ZnO based layered SAW sensors have been developed and investigated for hydrogen,at room temperature. The sensors were of a delay line type (quartz substrate, 70 MHz cen-tral frequency). The nanoporous sensitive layer was directly deposited onto a quartz substrateusing a picosecond laser ablation method. Lasers with picosecond pulses or a high repetitionrate leads to major changes in the ablation process and implicit in the deposited lm struc-ture. Thus, using such a regime, at a certain ambient gas pressure, we have the advantage ofdirectly obtaining a nanoporous lm. The sensor performances (sensitivity, limit of detectionand response time), for a hydrogen concentration in synthetic air of 0.015 2 % were studied.For a concentration between 0.2 - 0.8 % hydrogen/synthetic airs, the response times was 15 -44 s and 6 - 27 s in case of Pd lms and ZnO respectively. Limit of detection was about 6.3times better at Pd sensors (50 ppm) than ZnO sensors (315 ppm).
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Thakur, Uttam Narendra, Radha Bhardwaj, Pawan K. Ajmera, and Arnab Hazra. "ANN based approach for selective detection of breath acetone by using hybrid GO-FET sensor array." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 025008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac6487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This research used hybrid graphene oxide (GO) field effect transistors (FETs) based sensor array to design an electronic nose (e-nose) for identifying exhaled breath acetone to diagnose diabetes mellitus through noninvasive route. Six back gated FET sensors were fabricated with hybrid channel of GO, WO3 and noble metals (Au, Pd and Pt) nanoparticles. The experiment was carried out by using four distinct forms of synthetic breath, each with a different level of interference. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were utilized to classify and analyze the sensor response vector. In contrast, partial least square (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to evaluate the exact acetone concentration in synthetic breath. First, LDA was used to lower the dimensionality of the response vector, which was then provided as an input to the ANN model. ANN was performed with ten perceptrons model in the hidden layer and highest accuracy of 99.1% was achieved. Additionally, by using the loading plot of PLS, three sensors (Pt/WO3/GO, Pd/WO3/GO, and WO3/GO) had the ample use to predict the concentration of breath acetone. Moreover, the MLR approach with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9572 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.63% were used for obtaining the exact concentration of acetone. Consequently, e-nose with matrix of hybrid GO-FET sensors and pattern recognition algorithms (LDA, ANN, PLS and MLR) exhibited considerable ability in selective detection of acetone in synthetic breath.
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Dmitrzak, Marta, Pawel Kalinowski, Piotr Jasinski, and Grzegorz Jasinski. "Identification of defected sensors in an array of amperometric gas sensors." Sensor Review 42, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2021-0348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Amperometric gas sensors are commonly used in air quality monitoring in long-term measurements. Baseline shift of sensor responses and power failure may occur over time, which is an obstacle for reliable operation of the entire system. The purpose of this study is to check the possibility of using PCA method to detect defected samples, identify faulty sensor and correct the responses of the sensor identified as faulty. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the authors present the results obtained with six amperometric sensors. An array of sensors was exposed to sulfur dioxide at the following concentrations: 0 ppm (synthetic air), 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb and 1000 ppb. The damage simulation consisted in adding to the sensor response a value of 0.05 and 0.1 µA and replacing the responses of one of sensors with a constant value of 0 and 0.15 µA. Sensor validity index was used to identify a damaged sensor in the matrix, and its responses were corrected via iteration method. Findings The results show that the methods used in this work can be potentially applied to detect faulty sensor responses. In the case of simulation of damage by baseline shift, it was possible to achieve 100% accuracy in damage detection and identification of the damaged sensor. The method was not very successful in simulating faults by replacing the sensor response with a value of 0 µA, due to the fact that the sensors mostly gave responses close to 0 µA, as long as they did not detect SO2 concentrations below 250 ppb and the failure was treated as a correct response. Originality/value This work was inspired by methods of simulating the most common failures that occurs in amperometric gas sensors. For this purpose, simulations of the baseline shift and faults related to a power failure or a decrease in sensitivity were performed.
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Krieger, Lars, and Francesco Grigoli. "Optimal reorientation of geophysical sensors: A quaternion-based analytical solution." GEOPHYSICS 80, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): F19—F30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0095.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most critical problems affecting geophysical data acquisition procedures is related to the misorientation of multicomponent sensors with respect to a common reference system (e.g., geographic north). In many applications, misoriented sensors affect data analysis procedures, leading to errors in results and interpretations. These problems generally occur in applications where the orientation of the sensor cannot be actively controlled and is not known a priori, e.g., geophysical sensors deployed in borehole installations or on the seafloor. We have developed a quaternion-based method for the optimal reorientation of multicomponent geophysical sensors. In contrast to other approaches, we took into account the full time-series record from all sensor components. Therefore, our method could be applied to all time-series data and was not restricted to a certain type of geophysical sensor. Our method allows the robust calculation of relative reorientations between two-component or three-component sensors. By using a reference sensor in an iterative process, this result can be extended to the estimation of absolute sensor orientations. In addition to finding an optimal solution for a full 3D sensor rotation, we have established a rigorous scheme for the estimation of uncertainties of the resulting orientation parameters. We tested the feasibility and applicability of our method using synthetic data examples for a vertical seismic profile and an ocean bottom seismometer array. We noted that the quaternion-based reorientation method is superior to the standard approach of a single-parameter estimation of rotation angles.
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Mizuochi, Hiroki, Masato Hayashi, and Takeo Tadono. "Development of an Operational Algorithm for Automated Deforestation Mapping via the Bayesian Integration of Long-Term Optical and Microwave Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172038.
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The frequent fine-scale monitoring of deforestation using satellite sensors is important for the sustainable management of forests. Traditional optical satellite sensors suffer from cloud interruption, particularly in tropical regions, and recent active microwave sensors (i.e., synthetic aperture radar) demonstrate the difficulty in data interpretation owing to their inherent sensor noise and complicated backscatter features of forests. Although the sensor integration of optical and microwave sensors is of compelling research interest, particularly in the conduct of deforestation monitoring, this topic has not been widely studied. In this paper, we introduce an operational algorithm for automated deforestation mapping using long-term optical and L-band SAR data, including a simple time-series analysis of Landsat stacks and a multilayered neural network with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer and Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2, followed by sensor integration based on the Bayesian Updating of Land-Cover. We applied the algorithm over a deciduous tropical forest in Cambodia in 2003–2018 for validation, and the algorithm demonstrated better accuracy than existing approaches, which only depend on optical data or SAR data. Owing to the cloud penetration ability of SAR, observation gaps of optical data under cloudy conditions were filled, resulting in a prompter detection of deforestation even in the tropical rainy season. We also investigated the effect of posterior probability constraints in the Bayesian approach. The land-cover maps (forest/deforestation) created by the well-tuned Bayesian approach achieved 94.0% ± 4.5%, 80.0% ± 10.1%, and 96.4% ± 1.9% for the user’s accuracy, producer’s accuracy, and overall accuracy, respectively. In the future, small-scale commission errors in the resultant maps should be improved by using more sophisticated machine-learning approaches and considering the reforestation effects in the algorithm. The application of the algorithm to other landscapes with other sensor combinations is also desirable.
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Thuruthel, Thomas George, Benjamin Shih, Cecilia Laschi, and Michael Thomas Tolley. "Soft robot perception using embedded soft sensors and recurrent neural networks." Science Robotics 4, no. 26 (January 30, 2019): eaav1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aav1488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent work has begun to explore the design of biologically inspired soft robots composed of soft, stretchable materials for applications including the handling of delicate materials and safe interaction with humans. However, the solid-state sensors traditionally used in robotics are unable to capture the high-dimensional deformations of soft systems. Embedded soft resistive sensors have the potential to address this challenge. However, both the soft sensors—and the encasing dynamical system—often exhibit nonlinear time-variant behavior, which makes them difficult to model. In addition, the problems of sensor design, placement, and fabrication require a great deal of human input and previous knowledge. Drawing inspiration from the human perceptive system, we created a synthetic analog. Our synthetic system builds models using a redundant and unstructured sensor topology embedded in a soft actuator, a vision-based motion capture system for ground truth, and a general machine learning approach. This allows us to model an unknown soft actuated system. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to model the kinematics of a soft continuum actuator in real time while being robust to sensor nonlinearities and drift. In addition, we show how the same system can estimate the applied forces while interacting with external objects. The role of action in perception is also presented. This approach enables the development of force and deformation models for soft robotic systems, which can be useful for a variety of applications, including human-robot interaction, soft orthotics, and wearable robotics.
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Alipour Fard, T., M. Hasanlou, and H. Arefi. "CLASSIFIER FUSION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION OPTICAL AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR CLASSIFICATION IN URBAN AREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2/W3 (October 21, 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w3-25-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study concerned with fusion of synthetic aperture radar and optical satellite imagery. Due to the difference in the underlying sensor technology, data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensors refer to different properties of the observed scene and it is believed that when they are fused together, they complement each other to improve the performance of a particular application. In this paper, two category of features are generate and six classifier fusion operators implemented and evaluated. <br><br> Implementation results show significant improvement in the classification accuracy.
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Zhang, Hui Yong. "Solid-Phase Synthesis of DNA Chemical Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 815 (October 2013): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oligonucleotides are essential components of many applications in molecular biology. The synthesis chemistry is robust and commercial oligonucleotide synthesizers have taken advantage of the chemistry to provide oligonucleotides of high quality and purity. This paper established nucleic acid synthesis platform to carry out the synthesis of the labeled nucleic acid probes based on the DNA synthesizer and solid-phase synthesis technology. We chose to study the automated synthesis starting from DMT protected FAM labeled amidite attached to controlled pore glass (CPG) support and the standard trityl-off oligonucleotide synthesis cycle was performed, yielding the solid-supported oligonucleotide. The reported automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis procedure successfully employs the common iterative synthesis, deblocking, activation, coupling, capping, oxidation, and isolation steps in standard oligonucleotide synthesis. The automated synthetic approach can also be applied to oligonucleotides of different length, composition of nucleotide, demonstrating the universality of the method. Moreover, the synthesis involved the use of commercially available, safe, stable, and inexpensive reagents, particularly advantageous and attractive for their use in automated solid-phase synthesis. The synthesis allows custom tailoring of their structure to the requirements of biological assays within hours, as opposed to traditional approaches that require weeks or months of work in the laboratory. Therefore it will become much easier to investigate biological interactions and optimize for objectives such as the receptor mediated targeting of oligonucleotides.
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Gajda, Janusz, Ryszard Sroka, and Piotr Burnos. "Sensor Data Fusion in Multi-Sensor Weigh-In-Motion Systems." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123357.
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In this paper, we present the results of a comparison of two estimators of the gross vehicle weight (GVW) and the static load of individual axles of vehicles. The estimators were used to process measurement data derived from Multi-Sensor Weigh-In-Motion systems (MS-WIM). The term estimator is understood as an algorithm according to which the dynamic axle load measurement results are processed in order to determine the static load. The result obtained is called static load estimate. As a measure of measurement uncertainty, we adopted the standard deviation of the static load estimate. The mean value and the maximum likelihood estimators were compared. Studies were conducted using simulation methods based on synthetic data and experimental data obtained from a WIM system equipped with 16 lines of polymer axle load sensors. We have shown a substantially lower uncertainty of estimates determined using the maximum likelihood estimator. The results obtained have considerable practical significance, particularly during long-term usage of multi-sensor WIM systems.
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Guedes, A., M. J. Mendes, P. P. Freitas, and J. L. Martins. "Study of synthetic ferrimagnet-synthetic antiferromagnet structures for magnetic sensor application." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 08B703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162817.
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YOSHIHARA, Masaki, Tomohiro SATO, Ken-ichi SAITOH, Masanori TAKUMA, and Yoshimasa TAKAHASHI. "Development of contact sensor using synthetic sulfide." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2020 (2020): S11529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.s11529.
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Kim, Young-Rok, Sungho Jung, Hyunil Ryu, Yeong-Eun Yoo, Sun Min Kim, and Tae-Joon Jeon. "Synthetic Biomimetic Membranes and Their Sensor Applications." Sensors 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2012): 9530–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120709530.
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Łysoń-Sypień, B., K. Zakrzewska, M. Gajewska, and M. Radecka. "Hydrogen Sensor Of TiO2-Based Nanomaterials." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0233.
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Abstract The aim of this research was to examine gas sensing properties of TiO2 based nanomaterials. Nanopowders of Cr doped TiO2 with constant Specific Surface Area, SSA, were obtained using Flame Spray Synthesis technique, FSS. Nanomaterials were characterized by Brunauer – Emmett – Teller adsorption isotherms, BET, X – ray diffraction, XRD, Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM, optical spectrometry UV – vis with the use of an integrating sphere as well as impedance spectroscopy. Detection of hydrogen was carried out over the concentration range of 50 - 3000 ppm at the temperatures extending from 200 to 400°C and synthetic air working as a reference atmosphere. As a result of experiments it appeared that incorporation of 5 at.% of Cr into TiO2 improved hydrogen sensing features due to small crystallite size and predominance of rutile polymorphic phase.
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Mackin, Robert T., Krystal R. Fontenot, Judson Vincent Edwards, Nicolette T. Prevost, Jacobs H. Jordan, Michael W. Easson, Brian D. Condon, and Alfred D. French. "Detection of Human Neutrophil Elastase by Fluorescent Peptide Sensors Conjugated to TEMPO-Oxidized Nanofibrillated Cellulose." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063101.
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Peptide–cellulose conjugates designed for use as optical protease sensors have gained interest for point-of-care (POC) detection. Elevated serine protease levels are often found in patients with chronic illnesses, necessitating optimal biosensor design for POC assessment. Nanocellulose provides a platform for protease sensors as a transducer surface, and the employment of nanocellulose in this capacity combines its biocompatibility and high specific surface area properties to confer sensitive detection of dilute biomarkers. However, a basic understanding of the spatiotemporal relationships of the transducer surface and sensor disposition is needed to improve protease sensor design and development. Here, we examine a tripeptide, fluorogenic elastase biosensor attached to TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose via a polyethylene glycol linker. The synthetic conjugate was found to be active in the presence of human neutrophil elastase at levels comparable to other cellulose-based biosensors. Computational models examined the relationship of the sensor molecule to the transducer surface. The results illustrate differences in two crystallite transducer surfaces ((110) vs. (1−10)) and reveal preferred orientations of the sensor. Finally, a determination of the relative (110) vs. (1−10) orientations of crystals extracted from cotton demonstrates a preference for the (1−10) conformer. This model study potentiates the HNE sensor results for enhanced sensor activity design.
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Biswas, Sulagna, Debabrata Singha, and Nilasish Pal. "Luminescent metal-organic frameworks." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 26 (December 30, 2021): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2021.v26.008.
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show a wide range of luminescent behaviours. In this review, there is a brief discussion on the origins of MOF luminosity due to various type of linkers and their special arrangement in MOFs, the structure and synthesis of the multiple kinds of linker-based luminescent MOFs. Finally, luminescent MOFs as the chemical sensor has been discussed. This article will be helpful for researchers and synthetic chemists attempting for designing luminescent MOFs and their application as a chemical sensor.
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Kroutil, Jiri, Alexandr Laposa, Vojtech Povolny, Ladislav Klimsa, and Miroslav Husak. "Gas Sensor with Different Morphology of PANI Layer." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031106.
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This work presents the design of a polymer-film-based sensor for gas detection. Different types of polyaniline are used as active layers. The advantages of resistive sensors with PANI layers are easy preparation and low production cost. At room temperature, polymer films have a high sensitivity to gas concentrations. The developed sensor works on the idea of electrical resistance shifting with gas concentration. Three different polymerization solutions are employed to synthesize the polyaniline (PANI) active layers (aqueous solution, sulfuric acid solution, and acetic acid solution). Active layers are evaluated in a controlled environment for their ability to detect ammonia, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, acetone, toluene, and relative humidity in synthetic air. PANI layers polymerized in acetic acid solutions exhibit good sensitivity toward ammonia.
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Latif, Usman, Adnan Mujahid, Muhammad Zahid, Ghulam Mustafa, and Akhtar Hayat. "Nanostructured Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Polymers for Sensing Applications." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190206144415.
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This review article focused on fabrication of sensors by using a combination of highly ordered photonic crystals and molecular imprinted polymers as artificial recognition materials. In this article, we have discussed fundamental principle of photonic crystals, various synthetic approaches and their use in sensing applications. Moreover, nanostructuring of recognition materials, by using photonic crystals, for sensor fabrication and sensing mechanism has also been discussed. Molecular imprinted photonic polymer layers have been applied for developing sensor devices for diverse analytes such as environmental toxins, nerve gas agents, explosives, drug molecules and others. A comprehensive comparison of molecular imprinted photonic polymers based sensor systems has also been summarized in the table which contains all the related information about colloidal structure, polymer system including monomer, cross-linker and initiator as well as target analytes. Finally, emerging strategies and current challenges involved in the design of more efficient molecular imprinted photonic sensors and their possible solutions are also briefly discussed.
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Iida, Fumiya, and Surya G. Nurzaman. "Adaptation of sensor morphology: an integrative view of perception from biologically inspired robotics perspective." Interface Focus 6, no. 4 (August 6, 2016): 20160016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0016.
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Sensor morphology, the morphology of a sensing mechanism which plays a role of shaping the desired response from physical stimuli from surroundings to generate signals usable as sensory information, is one of the key common aspects of sensing processes. This paper presents a structured review of researches on bioinspired sensor morphology implemented in robotic systems, and discusses the fundamental design principles. Based on literature review, we propose two key arguments: first, owing to its synthetic nature, biologically inspired robotics approach is a unique and powerful methodology to understand the role of sensor morphology and how it can evolve and adapt to its task and environment. Second, a consideration of an integrative view of perception by looking into multidisciplinary and overarching mechanisms of sensor morphology adaptation across biology and engineering enables us to extract relevant design principles that are important to extend our understanding of the unfinished concepts in sensing and perception.
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Díaz-Álvarez, Myriam, and Antonio Martín-Esteban. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Quantum Dot Materials in Optical Sensors: An Overview of Their Synthesis and Applications." Biosensors 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11030079.
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In the last decades analytical methods have focused on the determination of target analytes at very low concentration levels. This has been accomplished through the use of traditional analytical methods that usually require high reagent consumption, expensive equipment and long pretreatment steps. Thus, there is a demand for simple, rapid, highly selective and user-friendly detection procedures. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor fluorescent nanomaterials with unique optoelectronic properties that have shown great potential for the development of fluorescence probes. Besides, the combination of QDs with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs), synthetic materials with selective recognition, have been proposed as useful materials in the development of optical sensors. The resulting MIP-QDs optical sensors integrate the advantages of both techniques: the high sensitivity of QDs-based fluorescence sensors and the high selectivity of MIPs. This review gives a brief overview of the strategies for the synthesis of MIPs-QDs based optical sensors, highlighting the modifications in the synthesis procedure that improve the sensor performance. Finally, a revision of recent applications in sensing and bioimaging is presented.
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Pacheco-Labrador, Hueni, Mihai, Sakowska, Julitta, Kuusk, Sporea, et al. "Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence I: Instrumental Considerations for Proximal Spectroradiometers." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080960.
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Growing interest in the proximal sensing of sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been boosted by space-based retrievals and up-coming missions such as the FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX). The European COST Action ES1309 “Innovative optical tools for proximal sensing of ecophysiological processes” (OPTIMISE, ES1309; https://optimise.dcs.aber.ac.uk/) has produced three manuscripts addressing the main current challenges in this field. This article provides a framework to model the impact of different instrument noise and bias on the retrieval of SIF; and to assess uncertainty requirements for the calibration and characterization of state-of-the-art SIF-oriented spectroradiometers. We developed a sensor simulator capable of reproducing biases and noises usually found in field spectroradiometers. First the sensor simulator was calibrated and characterized using synthetic datasets of known uncertainties defined from laboratory measurements and literature. Secondly, we used the sensor simulator and the characterized sensor models to simulate the acquisition of atmospheric and vegetation radiances from a synthetic dataset. Each of the sensor models predicted biases with propagated uncertainties that modified the simulated measurements as a function of different factors. Finally, the impact of each sensor model on SIF retrieval was analyzed. Results show that SIF retrieval can be significantly affected in situations where reflectance factors are barely modified. SIF errors were found to correlate with drivers of instrumental-induced biases which are as also drivers of plant physiology. This jeopardizes not only the retrieval of SIF, but also the understanding of its relationship with vegetation function, the study of diel and seasonal cycles and the validation of remote sensing SIF products. Further work is needed to determine the optimal requirements in terms of sensor design, characterization and signal correction for SIF retrieval by proximal sensing. In addition, evaluation/validation methods to characterize and correct instrumental responses should be developed and used to test sensors performance in operational conditions.
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Lee, Songbi, and Joohyeon Lee. "Braided Fabrication of a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185246.
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Our objective was to construct textile braiding manufacturing methods to facilitate high precision and accurate measurements using optical fiber Bragg grating sensors for various structures. We aimed to combine three-dimensional (3D) braiding processing with the optical Bragg grating sensor’s accurate metrology. Outside the limits of the sensor’s epoxy attachment methods, the textile braiding method can diversify the scope of application. The braiding process can be used to design a 3D fabric module process for multiple objective mechanical fiber arrangements and material characteristics. Optical stress–strain response conditions were explored through the optimization of design elements between the Bragg grating sensor and the braiding. Here, Bragg grating sensors were located 75% away from the fiber center. The sensor core structure was helical with a 1.54 cm pitch, and a polyurethane synthetic yarn was braided together with the sensor using a weaving machine. From the prototype results, a negative Poisson’s ratio resulted in a curled braided Bragg grating sensor. The number of polyurethane strands was studied to determine the role of wrap angle in the braiding. The 12-strands condition showed an increase in double stress–strain response rate at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.3%, and the 16-strands condition was found to have noise affecting the sensor at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.5%. The findings suggested the application of braiding fabrication to the Bragg grating sensor could help to develop a new monitoring sensor.
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Cai, Saihua, Jinfu Chen, Baoquan Yin, Ruizhi Sun, Chi Zhang, Haibo Chen, Jingyi Chen, and Min Lin. "An Efficient Outlier Detection Approach for Streaming Sensor Data Based on Neighbor Difference and Clustering." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3062541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the widely distributed sensors make the real-time processing of data face severe challenges, which prompts the use of edge computing. However, some problems that occur during the operation of sensors will cause unreliability of the collected data, which can result in inaccurate results of edge computing-based processing; thus, it is necessary to detect potential abnormal data (also known as outliers) in the sensor data to ensure their quality. Although the clustering-based outlier detection approaches can detect outliers from the static data, the feature of streaming sensor data requires the detection operation in a one-pass fashion; in addition, the clustering-based approaches also do not consider the time correlation among the streaming sensor data, which leads to its low detection accuracy. To solve these problems, we propose an efficient outlier detection approach based on neighbor difference and clustering, namely, ODNDC, which not only quickly and accurately detects outliers but also identifies the source of outliers in the streaming sensor data. Experiments on a synthetic dataset and a real dataset show that the proposed ODNDC approach achieves great performance in detecting outliers and identifying their sources, as well as the low time consumption.
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Alyamani, Baraa J., Omar A. Alsager, and Mohammed Zourob. "Label-Free Fluorescent Aptasensor for Small Targets via Displacement of Groove Bound Curcumin Molecules." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Signal transduction based on fluorescence is one of the most common optical aptasensors for small molecules. Sensors with a number of unique features including high sensitivity, low cost, and simple operation can be constructed easily. However, the label-free fluorescent approach is limited to synthetic dyes that bind strongly to the aptamer sequence and result in a diminished sensor operation with high detection limits. In this study, we report the use of curcumin as a fluorescent probe to signal aptamer/small target binding events. A substantial enhancement in curcumin’s fluorescent emission was observed when bound into the grooves of vitamin D3 (VTD3) binding aptamer, as an example. However, the introduction of the target molecule causes the aptamer to undergo a conformational change that favors complexing the target molecule over binding the curcumin dye. The sensor was able to detect VTD3 down to 1 fM concentration in buffer solutions and extracted blood samples, operate at a wide dynamic range, and discriminate against potential biological interfering molecules including VTD2. The operation of the curcumin based fluorescent sensor is at least six orders of magnitude more sensitive than a VTD3 sensor constructed with the synthetic dye SYBR Green I. The generality of the reported label-free approach was applied with a previously isolated 75-mer bisphenol-A (BPA) aptamer, confirming that the reported sensing strategy is not confined on a particular aptamer sequence. Our work not only reports a novel sensor format for the detection of small molecules, but also serves fluorescent sensor’s most pressing need being novel fluorophores for multiplex targets detection.
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Jamieson, Oliver, Thais C. C. Soares, Beatriz A. de Faria, Alexander Hudson, Francesco Mecozzi, Samuel J. Rowley-Neale, Craig E. Banks, et al. "Screen Printed Electrode Based Detection Systems for the Antibiotic Amoxicillin in Aqueous Samples Utilising Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Synthetic Receptors." Chemosensors 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8010005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) were synthesised for the selective detection of amoxicillin in aqueous samples. Different functional monomers were tested to determine the optimal composition via batch rebinding experiments. Two different sensor platforms were tested using the same MIP solution; one being bulk synthesized and surface modified Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs) via drop casting the microparticles onto the electrode surface and the other being UV polymerized directly onto the SPE surface in the form of a thin film. The sensors were used to measure amoxicillin in conjunction with the Heat-Transfer Method (HTM), a low-cost and simple thermal detection method that is based on differences in the thermal resistance at the solid–liquid interface. It was demonstrated that both sensor platforms could detect amoxicillin in the relevant concentration range with Limits of Detection (LOD) of 1.89 ± 1.03 nM and 0.54 ± 0.10 nM for the drop cast and direct polymerisation methods respectively. The sensor platform utilising direct UV polymerisation exhibited an enhanced response for amoxicillin detection, a reduced sensor preparation time and the selectivity of the platform was proven through the addition of nafcillin, a pharmacophore of similar shape and size. The use of MIP-modified SPEs combined with thermal detection provides sensors that can be used for fast and low-cost detection of analytes on-site, which holds great potential for contaminants in environmental aqueous samples. The platform and synthesis methods are generic and by adapting the MIP layer it is possible to expand this sensor platform to a variety of relevant targets.
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Indrasari, W., F. Sakinah, and U. Umiatin. "Microplastic waste polluted water measurement development based on parameter of physics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2193, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012051.
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Abstract Currently, microplastics are detected in almost all water areas of the world. Hundreds of tons of microplastic waste produced and disposed of in the waters impact tissue damage and reduce water quality. A measurement system for detecting water polluted by microplastic waste based on the parameter of physics has been developed. This developed system is composed of a water pH sensor, salinity sensor, conductivity sensor, magnetic sensor, and Arduino Uno as the control system. The sensor characterization was carried out using standard tools to determine the sensitivity of each sensor. This process found that the sensitivity of the water pH sensor, water conductivity sensor, magnetic field sensor, and salinity sensor was -0.1702 V/pH, 0.9 mV/ppm, 0.0018 V/Gauss, and 0.1905 V/PPT, respectively. The prototype measured these parameters in synthetic wastewater and natural water samples contaminated by microplastic waste. Synthetic wastewater is a mixture of water, salt, and scrub with different concentrations. Meanwhile, the natural sample water originates from seven rivers around the Jakarta area. This system is equipped with an HC-06 Bluetooth module to transfer measured data to the Android application to be monitored directly by the smartphone..
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Tarabasanu Mihaila, Cornel, Lavinia G. Hinescu, Cristian Boscornea, Carmen Moldovan, and Mihai E. Hinescu. "METAL COMPLEX TETRAIZOINDOLES AS SENSOR MATERIALS." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 10, no. 11 (December 20, 2002): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v10.n11.2002.81_2002.pdf.
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The paper presents the synthetic routes for obtaining some organic semiconductors and their characterization in order to use in thin film deposition for gas sensing devices. An original technique was used to control the molecular weight of polymeric phthalocyanine. We have fabricated devices consisting of evaporated thin films of copper, nickel, and iron phthalocyanines onto interdigital electrodes and estimated the electrical conductivity by in-situ measurements. The films were evaporated onto substrates (gold or aluminum) which were entirely integrated in the standard CMOS (capacitor metal oxide semiconductor) technology. The objectives of this work were to improve the synthesis methods of organic metal-complex tetraizoindoles and their polymers and to evaluate their electrical response and thermal stability as evaporated thin films. We have also investigated the variation of polymers conductivity and sublimation yield with the average molecular weight. We found that for polymeric phthalocyanines, the thermal stability was higher than for Pcs monomers. The stability of polymers increased with the average molecular weight.
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Merkx, Maarten, Misha V. Golynskiy, Laurens H. Lindenburg, and Jan L. Vinkenborg. "Rational design of FRET sensor proteins based on mutually exclusive domain interactions." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 5 (September 23, 2013): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130128.
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Proteins that switch between distinct conformational states are ideal to monitor and control molecular processes within the complexity of biological systems. Inspired by the modular architecture of natural signalling proteins, our group explores generic design strategies for the construction of FRET-based sensor proteins and other protein switches. In the present article, I show that designing FRET sensors based on mutually exclusive domain interactions provides a robust method to engineer sensors with predictable properties and an inherently large change in emission ratio. The modularity of this approach should make it easily transferable to other applications of protein switches in fields ranging from synthetic biology, optogenetics and molecular diagnostics.
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Flores De Jesus, Karen, Marvin H. Cheng, Lei Jiang, and Ezzat G. Bakhoum. "Resolution Enhancement Method Used for Force Sensing Resistor Array." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/647427.
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Tactile sensors are one of the major devices that enable robotic systems to interact with the surrounding environment. This research aims to propose a mathematical model to describe the behavior of a tactile sensor based on experimental and statistical analyses and moreover to develop a versatile algorithm that can be applied to different tactile sensor arrays to enhance the limited resolution. With the proposed algorithm, the resolution can be increased up to twenty times if multiple measurements are available. To verify if the proposed algorithm can be used for tactile sensor arrays that are used in robotic system, a16×10force sensing array (FSR) is adopted. The acquired two-dimensional measurements were processed by a resolution enhancement method (REM) to enhance the resolution, which can be used to improve the resolution for single image or multiple measurements. As a result, the resolution of the sensor is increased and it can be used as synthetic skin to identify accurate shapes of objects and applied forces.
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Jin, Chunyan, Andrey V. Parshin, Ira Daly, Randy Strich, and Katrina F. Cooper. "The Cell Wall Sensors Mtl1, Wsc1, and Mid2 Are Required for Stress-Induced Nuclear to Cytoplasmic Translocation of Cyclin C and Programmed Cell Death in Yeast." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mtl1 is a member of a cell wall sensor family that monitors cell wall integrity in budding yeast. In response to cell wall stress, Mtl1 activates the cell wall integrity (CWI) MAP kinase pathway which transmits this signal to the nucleus to effect changes in gene expression. One target of the CWI MAP kinase is cyclin C, a negative regulator of stress response genes. CWI activation results in cyclin C relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it stimulates programmed cell death (PCD) before it is destroyed. This report demonstrates that under low oxidative stress conditions, a combination of membrane sensors, Mtl1 and either Wsc1 or Mid2, are required jointly to transmit the oxidative stress signal to initiate cyclin C destruction. However, when exposed to elevated oxidative stress, additional pathways independent of these three sensor proteins are activated to destroy cyclin C. In addition,N-glycosylation is important for Mtl1 function as mutating the receptor residue (Asn42) or an enzyme required for synthesis ofN-acetylglucosamine (Gfa1) reduces sensor activity. Finally, combininggfa1-1with the cyclin C null allele induces a severe synthetic growth defect. This surprising result reveals a previously unknown genetic interaction between cyclin C and plasma membrane integrity.
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Nakazato, Kazuo. "Chemistry integrated circuit: chemical system on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2012 (March 28, 2014): 20130109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By integrating chemical reactions on a large-scale integration (LSI) chip, new types of device can be created. For biomedical applications, monolithically integrated sensor arrays for potentiometric, amperometric and impedimetric sensing of biomolecules have been developed. The potentiometric sensor array detects pH and redox reaction as a statistical distribution of fluctuations in time and space. For the amperometric sensor array, a microelectrode structure for measuring multiple currents at high speed has been proposed. The impedimetric sensor array is designed to measure impedance up to 10 MHz. The multimodal sensor array will enable synthetic analysis and make it possible to standardize biosensor chips. Another approach is to create new functional devices by integrating molecular systems with LSI chips, for example image sensors that incorporate biological materials with a sensor array. The quantum yield of the photoelectric conversion of photosynthesis is 100%, which is extremely difficult to achieve by artificial means. In a recently developed process, a molecular wire is plugged directly into a biological photosynthetic system to efficiently conduct electrons to a gold electrode. A single photon can be detected at room temperature using such a system combined with a molecular single-electron transistor.
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Worster, Susannah Bourne, and P. J. Hore. "Proposal to use superparamagnetic nanoparticles to test the role of cryptochrome in magnetoreception." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 147 (October 2018): 20180587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis that some animals use light-induced radical pairs to detect the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. Cryptochrome proteins seem to be involved in the sensory pathway but it is not yet clear if they are the magnetic sensors: they could, instead, play a non-magnetic role as signal transducers downstream of the primary sensor. Here we propose an experiment with the potential to distinguish these functions. The principle is to use superparamagnetic nanoparticles to disable any magnetic sensing role by enhancing the electron spin relaxation of the radicals so as to destroy their spin correlation. We use spin dynamics simulations to show that magnetoferritin, a synthetic, protein-based nanoparticle, has the required properties. If cryptochrome is the primary sensor, then it should be inactivated by a magnetoferritin particle placed 12–16 nm away. This would prevent a bird from using its magnetic compass in behavioural tests and abolish magnetically sensitive neuronal firing in the retina. The key advantage of such an experiment is that any signal transduction role should be completely unaffected by the tiny magnetic interactions (≪ k B T ) required to enhance the spin relaxation of the radical pair.