Дисертації з теми "Synthetic sensor"
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Kallin, Niklas. "Sensor simulation Is - AGXUnity a viable platform for adding synthetic sensors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When developing algorithms for autonomous vehicles it is important to test several different scenarios many times. New and untested algorithms are prone to make errors which results in accidents. It is therefore preferred to use a simulation environment instead. Sensors used to determine the vehicle’s position must then be modelled. This thesis answers the question whether adding sensor simulation to an existing simulation platform (AGXUnity) is viable, or if using other existing options is preferred. To reach the goal, a function-based sensor is developed and its accuracy tested. Its performance is determined by simulation in a standard scene. Tests showed that the sensor had acceptable accuracy and performance. The conclusion is that AGXUnity is a viable platform for sensor simulation.
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Clare, Anthony Joseph. "Real-time modelling and sensor fusion for a synthetic vision system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434515.
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Rosander, Regina. "Sensor fusion between a Synthetic Attitude and Heading Reference System and GPS." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1766.
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Sensor fusion deals with the merging of several signals into one, extracting a better and more reliable result. Traditionally the Kalmanfilter is used for this purpose and the aircraft navigation has benefited tremendously from its use. This thesis considers the merge of two navigation systems, the GPS positioning system and the Saab developed Synthetic Attitude and Heading Reference System (SAHRS). The purpose is to find a model for such a fusion and to investigate whether the fusion will improve the overall navigation performance. The non-linear nature of the navigation equations will lead to the use of the extended Kalman filter and the model is evaluated against both simulated and real data. The results show that this strategy indeed works but problems will arise when the GPS signal falls away.
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Meng, Rui Daniel. "Design and implementation of sensor fusion for the towed synthetic aperture sonar." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1199.
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For synthetic aperture imaging, position and orientation deviation is of great concern. Unknown motions of a Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) can blur the reconstructed images and degrade image quality considerably. Considering the high sensitivity of synthetic aperture imaging technique to sonar deviation, this research aims at providing a thorough navigation solution for a free-towed synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) comprising aspects from the design and construction of the navigation card through to data postprocessing to produce position, velocity, and attitude information of the sonar. The sensor configuration of the designed navigation card is low-cost Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity (MARG) sensors including three angular rate gyroscopes, three dual-axial accelerometers, and a triaxial magnetic hybrid. These MARG sensors are mounted orthogonally on a standard 180mm Eurocard PCB to monitor the motions of the sonar in six degrees of freedom. Sensor calibration algorithms are presented for each individual sensor according to its characteristics to precisely determine sensor parameters. The nonlinear least square method and two-step estimator are particularly used for the calibration of accelerometers and magnetometers. A quaternion-based extended Kalman filter is developed based on a total state space model to fuse the calibrated navigation data. In the model, the frame transformations are described using quaternions instead of other attitude representations. The simulations and experimental results are demonstrated in this thesis to verify the capability of the sensor fusion strategy.
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Holder, Martin Friedrich [Verfasser], Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Winner, and Erwin [Akademischer Betreuer] Biebl. "Synthetic Generation of Radar Sensor Data for Virtual Validation of Autonomous Driving / Martin Friedrich Holder ; Hermann Winner, Erwin Biebl." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233429426/34.
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Riedel, Jan Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Köster, and Dagmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wirth. "Development of a synthetic sensor system for the detection of infectious and inflammatory signals / Jan Riedel ; Reinhard Köster, Dagmar Wirth." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194158609/34.
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Prendes, Jorge. "New statistical modeling of multi-sensor images with application to change detection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC006/document.
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Les images de télédétection sont des images de la surface de la Terre acquises par des satellites ou des avions. Ces images sont de plus en plus disponibles et leur technologies évoluent rapidement. On peut observer une amélioration des capteurs existants, mais de nouveaux types de capteurs ont également vu le jour et ont montré des propriétés intéressantes pour le traitement d'images. Ainsi, les images multispectrales et radar sont devenues très classiques.La disponibilité de différents capteurs est très intéressante car elle permet de capturer une grande variété de propriétés des objets. Ces propriétés peuvent être exploitées pour extraire des informations plus riches sur les objets. Une des applications majeures de la télédétection est la détection de changements entre des images multi-temporelles (images de la même scène acquise à des instants différents). Détecter des changements entre des images acquises par des capteurs homogènes est un problème classique. Mais le problème de la détection de changements entre images acquises par des capteurs hétérogènes est un problème beaucoup plus difficile.Avoir des méthodes de détection de changements adaptées aux images issues de capteurs hétérogènes est nécessaire pour le traitement de catastrophes naturelles. Des bases de données constituées d'images optiques sont disponible, mais il est nécessaire d'avoir de bonnes conditions climatiques pour les acquérir. En revanche, les images radar sont accessibles rapidement quelles que soient les conditions climatiques et peuvent même être acquises de nuit. Ainsi, détecter des changements entre des images optiques et radar est un problème d'un grand intérêt en télédétection.L'intérêt de cette thèse est d'étudier des méthodes statistiques de détention de changements adaptés aux images issues de capteurs hétérogènes.Chapitre 1 rappelle ce qu'on entend par une image de télédétection et résume rapidement quelques méthodes de détection de changements disponibles dans la littérature. Les motivations à développer des méthodes de détection de changements adaptées aux images hétérogènes et les difficultés associiées sont présentés.Chapitre 2 étudie les propriétés statistiques des images en l'absence de changements. Un modèle de mélange de lois adapté aux ces images est introduit. La performance des méthodes classiques de détection de changements est également étudiée. Dans plusieurs cas, ce modèle permet d'expliquer certains défauts de certaines méthodes de la literature.Chapitre 3 étudie les propriétés des paramètres du modèle introduit au chapitre 2 en faisant l'hypothèse qu'ils appartiennent à une variété en l'absence de changements. Cette hypothèse est utilisée pour définir une mesure de similarité qui permet d'éviter les défauts des approches statistiques classiques. Une méthode permettant d'estimer cette mesure de similarité est présentée. Enfin, la stratégie de détection de changements basée sur cette mesure est validée à l'aide d'images synthétiques.Chapitre 4 étudie un algorithme Bayésien non-paramétrique (BNP) qui permet d'améliorer l'estimation de la variété introduite au chapitre 3, qui est basé sur un processus de restaurant Chinois (CRP) et un champs de Markov qui exploite la corrélation spatiale entre des pixels voisins de l'image. Une nouvelle loi a priori de Jeffrey pour le paramètre de concentration de ce CRP est définit. L'estimation des paramètres de ce nouveau modèle est effectuée à l'aide d'un échantillonneur de Gibbs de type "collapsed Gibbs sampler". La stratégie de détection de changement issue de ce modèle non-paramétrique est validée à l'aide d'images synthétiques.Le dernier chapitre est destiné à la validation des algorithmes de détection de changements développés sur des jeux d'images réelles montrant des résultats encourageant pour tous les cas d'étude. Le modèle BNP permet d'obtenir de meilleurs performances que le modèle paramétrique, mais ceci se fait au prix d'une complexité calculatoire plus importanteRemote sensing images are images of the Earth surface acquired from satellites or air-borne equipment. These images are becoming widely available nowadays and its sensor technology is evolving fast. Classical sensors are improving in terms of resolution and noise level, while new kinds of sensors are proving to be useful. Multispectral image sensors are standard nowadays and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are very popular.The availability of different kind of sensors is very advantageous since it allows us to capture a wide variety of properties of the objects contained in a scene. These properties can be exploited to extract richer information about these objects. One of the main applications of remote sensing images is the detection of changes in multitemporal datasets (images of the same area acquired at different times). Change detection for images acquired by homogeneous sensors has been of interest for a long time. However the wide range of different sensors found in remote sensing makes the detection of changes in images acquired by heterogeneous sensors an interesting challenge.Accurate change detectors adapted to heterogeneous sensors are needed for the management of natural disasters. Databases of optical images are readily available for an extensive catalog of locations, but, good climate conditions and daylight are required to capture them. On the other hand, SAR images can be quickly captured, regardless of the weather conditions or the daytime. For these reasons, optical and SAR images are of specific interest for tracking natural disasters, by detecting the changes before and after the event.The main interest of this thesis is to study statistical approaches to detect changes in images acquired by heterogeneous sensors. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to remote sensing images. It also briefly reviews the different change detection methods proposed in the literature. Additionally, this chapter presents the motivation to detect changes between heterogeneous sensors and its difficulties.Chapter 2 studies the statistical properties of co-registered images in the absence of change, in particular for optical and SAR images. In this chapter a finite mixture model is proposed to describe the statistics of these images. The performance of classical statistical change detection methods is also studied by taking into account the proposed statistical model. In several situations it is found that these classical methods fail for change detection.Chapter 3 studies the properties of the parameters associated with the proposed statistical mixture model. We assume that the model parameters belong to a manifold in the absence of change, which is then used to construct a new similarity measure overcoming the limitations of classic statistical approaches. Furthermore, an approach to estimate the proposed similarity measure is described. Finally, the proposed change detection strategy is validated on synthetic images and compared with previous strategies.Chapter 4 studies Bayesian non parametric algorithm to improve the estimation of the proposed similarity measure. This algorithm is based on a Chinese restaurant process and a Markov random field taking advantage of the spatial correlations between adjacent pixels of the image. This chapter also defines a new Jeffreys prior for the concentration parameter of this Chinese restaurant process. The estimation of the different model parameters is conducted using a collapsed Gibbs sampler. The proposed strategy is validated on synthetic images and compared with the previously proposed strategy. Finally, Chapter 5 is dedicated to the validation of the proposed change detection framework on real datasets, where encouraging results are obtained in all cases. Including the Bayesian non parametric model into the change detection strategy improves change detection performance at the expenses of an increased computational cost
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Ton, Xuan-Anh. "Fiber optic chemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of mycotoxins." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002117.
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This thesis describes the development of highly selective fiber optic sensors using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as recognition elements associated with fluorescence for detection. Additionally, we extended the study to the development of other MIP-based optical sensors and sensing methods. MIPs are synthetic biomimetic receptors possessing specific cavities designed for a target molecule. Produced by a templating process at the molecular level, MIPs are capable of recognizingand binding target molecules with selectivities and affinities comparable to those of natural receptors. Compared to biological recognition elements, MIPs are more stable, cheaper and easier to integrate into standard industrial fabrication processes. Hence, MIPs have become interesting alternatives to biomolecules as recognition elements for biosensing. In the first part of this thesis (Chapter 2), MIPs were synthesized by in-situ laser-induced photopolymerization in only a few seconds, as a micrometer-sized tip at the extremity of a telecommunication optical fiber. Photonic and physico-chemical parameters were optimized to tailor the properties of the polymer micro-objects. Gold nanoparticles were incorporated into the MIP microtip for signal enhancement. To prove the efficiency of the sensor, initial studies were performed with a MIP templated with N-carbobenzyloxy-L-phenylalanine (Z-L-Phe) and the fluorescent amino acid derivative dansyl-L-phenylalanine as analyte. The fluorescence was collected either externally at the tip level by an optical fiber connected to a spectrofluorimeter or by collection of the fluorescent signal re-emitted into the fiber through the second arm of a Y-shaped bifurcated fiber. The fluorescent analyte could be detected in the low nM concentrations. In order to monitor nonfluorescent analytes, a naphthalimide-based fluorescent monomer was incorporated into the MIP during its synthesis; fluorescence enhancement was observed when analyte binding occurs. Using this system, the sensor containing a MIP specific for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), could detect and quantify this analyte at concentrations as low as 2.5 nM. The signaling MIP-based sensor was also applied to analytes of interest for food safety and biomedical applications, such as the mycotoxin citrinin and the sphingolipid, D-erythro-sphingosine-1-phosphate. In the second part of the thesis (Chapter 3), a different type of fiber optic sensor: cheap, fast and made for "single-use", was developed by using 4-cm long disposable polystyrene evanescent wave optical fiber waveguides. The coating of the MIP was either performed ex-situ, by dip-coating the fiber in a suspension of MIP particles synthesized beforehand, or in-situ by evanescent-wave photopolymerization directly on the fiber. The resulting fiber optic sensor could detect 2,4-D in the low nM range and demonstrated specific and selective recognition of the herbicide over its structural analogues and other non-related carboxyl-containing analytes. Additionally, we demonstrated the versatility of the system by applying the evanescent wave fiber optic sensor to detect citrinin, a mycotoxin, by simply coating the waveguide with a MIP specific for citrinin. This type of technology could possibly be extended to detect other carboxyl-containing analytes, as long as a specific MIP for the concerned analyte is available. In parallel, the technique of evanescent-wave photopolymerization was used for the synthesis of signaling MIP microdots on continuous and nanostructured gold films. This study lays the foundations for future development of plasmonic MIP nanosensors and microchips. In the last part of the thesis (Chapter 4), an innovative sensing method, based on the use of MIPs and analysis by fluorescence polarization, was developed in order to allow the fast and directquantification of analytes in food and environmental samples.
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Nord, Sofia. "Multivariate Time Series Data Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks : Generating Realistic Sensor Time Series Data of Vehicles with an Abnormal Behaviour using TimeGAN." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302644.
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Large datasets are a crucial requirement to achieve high performance, accuracy, and generalisation for any machine learning task, such as prediction or anomaly detection, However, it is not uncommon for datasets to be small or imbalanced since gathering data can be difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. In the task of collecting vehicle sensor time series data, in particular when the vehicle has an abnormal behaviour, these struggles are present and may hinder the automotive industry in its development. Synthetic data generation has become a growing interest among researchers in several fields to handle the struggles with data gathering. Among the methods explored for generating data, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have become a popular approach due to their wide application domain and successful performance. This thesis focuses on generating multivariate time series data that are similar to vehicle sensor readings from the air pressures in the brake system of vehicles with an abnormal behaviour, meaning there is a leakage somewhere in the system. A novel GAN architecture called TimeGAN was trained to generate such data and was then evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative evaluation metrics. Two versions of this model were tested and compared. The results obtained proved that both models learnt the distribution and the underlying information within the features of the real data. The goal of the thesis was achieved and can become a foundation for future work in this field.När man applicerar en modell för att utföra en maskininlärningsuppgift, till exempel att förutsäga utfall eller upptäcka avvikelser, är det viktigt med stora dataset för att uppnå hög prestanda, noggrannhet och generalisering. Det är dock inte ovanligt att dataset är små eller obalanserade eftersom insamling av data kan vara svårt, tidskrävande och dyrt. När man vill samla tidsserier från sensorer på fordon är dessa problem närvarande och de kan hindra bilindustrin i dess utveckling. Generering av syntetisk data har blivit ett växande intresse bland forskare inom flera områden som ett sätt att hantera problemen med datainsamling. Bland de metoder som undersökts för att generera data har generative adversarial networks (GANs) blivit ett populärt tillvägagångssätt i forskningsvärlden på grund av dess breda applikationsdomän och dess framgångsrika resultat. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att generera flerdimensionell tidsseriedata som liknar fordonssensoravläsningar av lufttryck i bromssystemet av fordon med onormalt beteende, vilket innebär att det finns ett läckage i systemet. En ny GAN modell kallad TimeGAN tränades för att genera sådan data och utvärderades sedan både kvalitativt och kvantitativt. Två versioner av denna modell testades och jämfördes. De erhållna resultaten visade att båda modellerna lärde sig distributionen och den underliggande informationen inom de olika signalerna i den verkliga datan. Målet med denna avhandling uppnåddes och kan lägga grunden för framtida arbete inom detta område.
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Costa, Jorge Alberto Lopes da. "Avaliação de dados de radar do sensor SAR-R99B no mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia Central, município de Manaus, AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4514.
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In recent decades the areas of rainforest in the Amazon region has been heavily impacted by a rapid process of conversion of vegetation cover in other types of use due to human action. In the context of global change, the use of mapping and monitoring land cover and provide information for the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts due to accelerated changes in the landscape. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential of data from synthetic aperture radar for discriminating use and land cover in the region of Manaus, Amazonas state. We used a multipolarized image from sensor airborne SAR-R99B (L band), with 3 m spatial resolution. Were evaluated the MAXVER-ICM and SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifiers, where in all cases we used the images individually multipolarized amplitude (HH, HV and VV), in pairs (HH and HV), (HV and VV) and (HH and VV) and together (HH, HV and VV). The results were compared using as parameter the Kappa coefficient. The SVM classifier had higher accuracy compared to MAXVER-ICM classifier. The best classifications were obtained for the dual polarization (HH and VV) with MARVER-ICM classifier and (HH, HV and VV) with the SVM classifier both using the images with the filter. The accuracy was highest with SVM for classification and filter images (kappa = 0.7736). Were analyzed the influence of using GAMMA filter performance on the classifiers where it showed that filtered images have provided an increase in the results, on average, about 8%. Thus there was the analysis of the classification results, which found that the best result was provided by the dataset multipolarized (HH, HV and VV) classified by the SVM method. Thus, we concluded that the use of radar imagery in mapping thematic classes use and land cover in tropical regions, can be considered as a viable proposal.
Nas últimas décadas as áreas de floresta tropical na região Amazônica têm sido fortemente impactada por um rápido processo de conversão da cobertura vegetal em outros tipos de uso devido à ação antrópica. No contexto das mudanças globais, os mapeamentos e monitoramentos de uso e cobertura da terra fornecem subsídios para as análises e avaliações dos impactos ambientas em virtude de acelerados processos de mudança na paisagem. Neste contexto, este estudo avaliou o potencial dos dados de radar de abertura sintética para discriminação de uso e cobertura da terra na região de Manaus, estado do Amazonas. Foi utilizada uma imagem multipolarizada do sensor aerotransportado SAR-R99B (banda L), com 3 metros de resolução espacial. Realizaram-se classificações na imagem radar sem filtro e com filtro Gamma 3x3. Avaliou-se o classificador pontual MAXVER-ICM e o SVM (Support Vector Machine), onde em todos os casos utilizou-se das imagens multipolarizadas em amplitude individualmente (HH, HV e VV), aos pares (HH e HV), (HV e VV) e (HH e VV) e em conjunto (HH, HV e VV). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados utilizando-se como parâmetro o coeficiente de concordância Kappa. O classificador SVM apresentou acurácia superior em relação ao classificador MAXVER-ICM. As melhores classificações foram obtidas para a polarização dual HH e VV com o classificador MAXVER-ICM e (HH, HV e VV) com o classificador SVM ambos utilizando as imagens com filtro. A acurácia mais elevada foi para a classificação com SVM e imagens com filtro (kappa = 0,7736). Analisou-se a influência do uso de filtro GAMMA no desempenho dos classificadores onde se contatou que as imagens filtradas proporcionaram um incremento nos resultados, em média, na ordem de 8%. Deste modo realizou-se a análise dos resultados das classificações, onde se constatou que o melhor resultado foi proporcionado pelo conjunto de dados multipolarizados (HH, HV e VV)classificados através do método SVM. Assim, concluiu-se que o uso de imagens de radar no mapeamento de classes temáticas de uso e cobertura da terra, em regiões tropicais, pode ser considerado como uma proposta viável.
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Shanley, Samantha Jane. "A glycopore for bacterial sensing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06fe9bce-6bf2-4f61-b4d8-014cb9df3fc0.
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Increasing antibiotic resistance has created a need to develop rapid and reliable methods to identify bacteria and provide pertinent information to ensure suitable antibiotics or sugar therapeutics can be chosen for treatment. Carbohydrate structures attached to proteins on host cell surfaces provide a binding point for many pathogens, including bacteria. These structures can be mimicked using single monosaccharides glycosylated to alpha-hemolysin (alpha-HL). Alpha-HL is a beta-barrel pore-forming toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus that forms an SDS stable heptamer, which can be expressed by coupled in vitro transcription and translation and purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified heptamers can be reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers and studied at the single channel level. Through single channel recordings the effects of sugar-linker lengths, different glycans and the interaction between the ‘Glycopore’ and sugar binding molecules can be studied. The glycopore, therefore, acts as a scaffold for analysing protein-sugar interactions. Studies in this thesis have focused on the synthesis of carbohydrates for site-selective protein glycosylation; cloning and in vitro transcription translation of alpha-HL monomers; and glycosylation and oligomerisation of alpha-HL to form glycopores suitable for lectin-binding studies. Lectins DC-SIGN and FimH have been expressed in Escherichia coli and these lectins as well as others have been screened using alpha-HL glycopores. The glycopores have also been investigated with bacteria in serum in a controlled molecule-specific manner using single-channel electrical recording. In this work glycosylated alpha-HL-monomers have been found to form stable heptamers which can be formed by oligomerisation on red blood cell membranes. The purified glycopores were reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers and studied at the single-channel level. Through single-channel recordings an optimised glycopore has been shown to be effective in distinguishing lectins alone and in a mixture and has afforded qualitative and quantitative information about the binding interactions between carbohydrates and sugar binding proteins. Furthermore, the glycopore has been used to sense bacteria which may provide an insight into modes of bacterial infection. In addition, a multivalent glycopore has been formed which has proved preliminary information about the effects of multivalency in lectin binding. The design and synthesis of non-beta-lactam antibiotic candidates and their evaluation has also been carried out.
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Stephenson-Brown, Alexander James. "Synthetic sensors for saccharides and glycoproteins." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5728/.
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The sensing of biological compounds is of vital importance to the screening and diagnosis of disease. The importance of such assays is due to the correlation observed between the observed levels of biological compounds and diseases such as cancer and diabetes mellitus. Compounds such as sugars and proteins are included in this useful class of molecules which can be used to detect pathology. Currently the detection of these compounds is achieved through the use of other biologically derived molecules- typically antibodies and enzymes. However, sensors based on these compounds can be limited in terms of their stability and suitability. Therefore there is a constant drive for novel detection methods for such molecules. In this context, the aims of the work described herein, are to produce synthetic sensing systems for the selective detection of saccharides and glycoproteins. This work will use principles of nanotechnology and self-assembly to produce surface sensors which exploit the revisable interactions of boronic acids to bind compounds of interest, and which employ surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to enable the label free reporting of these binding events.
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Pelleteret, Diane. "The synthesis of sensors." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479405.
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LeÌrida, Laura Cano. "New synthetic receptors for sensors for PAHs." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433998.
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Badr, Celine. "Synthesis of embedded software for sensor nodes." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3608.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Nadeau, Phillip Michel. "Ultra-low energy electronics for synthetic biological sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 143-151).
Advances in microelectronics have contributed to the wide availability of wearable sensor nodes for vital signs monitoring. Without additional pieces however, electronics by themselves can perform only basic detection tasks. This work explores the "functionalization" of low-power low-cost microelectronics with equally inexpensive genetically engineered whole-cell microbial sensors to aid in sensing the chemical domain. The driving application is an ingestible sensor for bleeding detection in the gastrointestinal tract. First, we present in vivo measurements of energy-harvesting in the gastrointestinal tract in order to set a power budget for the proposed ingestible sensor. The harvester is based on metal electrodes that react with the stomach contents to generate energy. Here we demonstrate 0.23 [mu]W of average power per mm2 of electrode area delivered to a load for a mean of 6.1 days. Next, we present the design of an ultra-low energy relaxation oscillator. The oscillator can be used as a slow clock source for waking the ingestible sensor from sleep mode and for running slow analog measurements. The core oscillator uses an 18-transistor 3-stage architecture designed to minimize short circuit current and consumes only switching energy across a wide range of Vdd. At 0.6 V, the oscillator system consumes 230 fJ/cycle and can operate across a wide range of low frequencies from 18 Hz to 1000 Hz. Finally, we present the design of an ultra-low energy readout system for genetically engineered whole-cell biosensors. A time-based threshold-crossing scheme is used to quantify the low-intensity bioluminescence incident on the phototransistor detector. The system includes a 900 MHz transmitter, controller, and support electronics on the chip in order to demonstrate molecule-to-wireless-bits sensing on a nanowatt power budget. With the continued expansion of the Internet of Things, the concepts in this thesis can be used to further enhance the capabilities of low-cost microelectronics in the area of vital signs and physiological monitoring. By conferring the ability to sense small molecules using a synthetic biology foundation, new types of low-cost diagnostics can be envisioned for connected health monitoring.
by Phillip Michel Nadeau.
Ph. D.
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Bove, V. Michael. "Synthetic movies derived from multi-dimensional image sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64847.
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Soleimanpour, Amir Masoud. "Synthesis, Fabrication and Surface Modification of Nanocrystalline Nickel Oxide for Electronic Gas Sensors." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365071722.
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Provencher, Philip. "Synthesis and performance of an alkylating agent sensor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50918.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) is a colorimetric indicator compound for many types of carcinogenic alkylating agents. It is used in the toxicological screening of pharmaceutical compounds, detection of chemical warfare agents, environmental hygiene technology, and other chemical analyses. We report a synthesis of NBP-derivatives that allow for the covalent incorporation of NBP into a solid state sensor. These derivatives have been tested in solution and found to be superior in the colorimetric assay of the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide. The derivatives have also been integrated into a polymeric silica material which changes color upon the exposure to dangerous alkylating agents like iodomethane. This material modernizes the NBP assay from a time consuming laboratory analysis to a real-time solid state sensor, which requires neither solvent nor additional reagents, and can detect gas and solution-phase alkylating agents. The NBP assay is used extensively in preliminary tests for determining toxicology profiles and mutagenicity of medicinal compounds because of its similar reactivity to guanine in DNA. The use of NBP as a DNA model suffers from the compound’s low solubility in water, its lack of reactive oxygen sites and dissimilar steric encumbrance compared to DNA. The compounds synthesized in this report attempt to address several of these problems associated with the use of NBP as a DNA model: (1) A water soluble derivative of NBP has been synthesized, and thus an aqueous assay may more closely reflect in vivo conditions, which is an important property in toxicology testing; (2) NBP-derivatives synthesized herein have reactive oxygen sites, which also improves the similarity of these compounds to DNA, since many hard carbocations react at oxygen in DNA; and (3) the polymeric nature of the solid sensors synthesized may more well reflect the sterics of DNA, which is a polymer.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
20
Skinner, Philip J. "Synthesis and application of cyclodextrin conjugates." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4542/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyclodextrins, a family of compounds formed from a cyclic array of glucose monomers, contain a hydrophobic cavity which displays selective complexation of size specific guests. This selective molecular recognition is critical to the development of successful chemosensors. A selection of cyclodextrin-conjugates have been designed to report complexation of guests into the cyclodextrin cavity by optical and electrochemical means. Alkylated cyclodextrins containing a single linker group have been synthesised allowing the development of two cyclen-appended cyclodextrin conjugates and their lanthanide complexes. The tetraamide ligand (25) displayed a high rigidity, assessed by (^1)H NMR and luminescence methods. The Tb complex of the monoamide ligand [Tb.26] displayed long lived luminescence arising from energy transfer from cyclodextrin-complexed napthalene to the lanthanide. The association constant, K(_11), between naphthalene and the cyclodextrin [Tb.26], was calculated as 10,200 M(^-1). K(_11) between the Gd complex [Gd.26] and GdDOTAPh (40) was determined to be 1740M(^-1) by NMRD. These association constants are ca 14 and 7 times greater respectively than for the corresponding complexes with β-cyclodextrin (1). Bromonaphthalenes exhibit long lived phosphorescence when complexed within cyclodextrins. Four bromonaphthalene-appended cyclodextrins (57-60) were designed to form inframolecular self-complexes. Competitive complexation of optically transparent guests was expected to reduce the lifetime of phosphorescent emission. The four conjugates were successfully synthesised, although luminescence studies revealed no evidence for complex formation and no response upon competitive guest complexation was observed. The rotaxane (95) and corresponding thread (92) of a hydrophilic ferrocene- cyclodextrin conjugate were made and structurally assessed by CD, (^-1)H NMR and MALDI-TOF MS. The hydrophilic per-O-ethyl conjugates (93 & 100) were also synthesised. A lipophilic quinoline-cyclodextrin conjugate (94) was made, which, when incorporated into an optode membrane, allowed the detection of acetylcholine at micromolar concentrations.
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Cordeiro, Juliana Ribeiro. "Síntese e aplicação de polímeros condutores em sensores olfativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-08112010-084724/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Os objetivos do trabalho consistem em síntese e caracterização de três polímeros: poli(2,1,3-benzotiadiazol-4,7-ilenovinileno) (PBTDV), poli(2,1,3-benzotiadiazol-4,7-ilenovinileno-co-2-bromo-5-hexilóxi-p-fenilenovinileno (PBTDV-co-BHPPV) e poli(2-bromo-5-hexilóxi-p-fenilenovinileno) (BHPPV), sendo os dois primeiros inéditos; aplicação de polímeros condutores no desenvolvimento de um nariz eletrônico capaz de identificar madeiras; e aplicação de polímeros condutores em um sensor de pressão. Os polímeros foram preparados de maneira satisfatória via redução catódica de seus precursores tetra-halogenados, que forneceu produtos com rendimentos apreciáveis. Para o projeto do nariz eletrônico que pretende identificar madeiras, dois conjuntos de espécies de madeira foram estudadas: (a) mogno e cedro e (b) imbuia e canela-preta. O nariz eletrônico desenvolvido apresenta um conjunto de quatro sensores de gás, que foram construídos por meio da deposição de finos filmes de polímeros dopados sobre a superfície de eletrodos interdigitados. Esse conjunto de sensores foi desenvolvido com sucesso, sendo capaz de diferenciar as espécies de madeira com taxa de acerto de 100%. Por fim, foi desenvolvido também com sucesso um sensor de gás capaz de atuar como sensor de pressão. Esse dispositivo mostrou-se sensível à variação de pressão, do vácuo a ambiente, e os ensaios apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade. A resposta do sensor, frente à variação de pressão, é produto de interação(ões) entre a camada ativa do polímero utilizado (PHBPE, poli(4\'-hexilóxi-2,5-bifenilenoetileno)) e algum(ns) componente(s) do ar atmosférico ou da atmosfera particular do laboratório. Esse sensor é de fácil fabricação e barato (~ R$ 1,00), sendo possível sua aplicação como sensor para pressões menores do que a ambienteThe syntheses of three polymers via electrochemical reduction of their precursors are described. Two out of the three generated polymers have never been described before. An electronic nose was developed capable of identifying two pairs of wood species: (a) mahogany and cedar and (b) Brazilian walnut and black-cinnamon. The electronic nose consisted of four gas sensors, fabricated by the deposition of thin doped polymer films onto the surface of interdigitated electrodes. The device presented a rate of hits of 100% in 80 assays of identification of the above cited species. Finally, a gas sensor based on a conductive polymer and capable of acting as a pressure sensor was fabricated. The sensor was suitable for measuring air pressures in the range of 100 mmHg to 700 mmHg due to its sensibility to one or more specific compounds present in the air. The device is cheap, easy to fabricate and lasts for several months
22
Pahlke, Denis. "Synthesis, characterisation and sensor-functionalisation of transmembrane β-peptides". Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C180-1.
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Ma, Aihui. "Synthesis and characterization of miniaturized fluorescence sensors for aqueous and cellular measurements." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Orleans, 2005.Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry."--Dissertation t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Levonis, Stephan Michael. "Design and Synthesis of Boronolectin Fluorescence Sensors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis reports on the use of the element boron in organic chemistry. Its role in
catalysis, as well as its broad utility when in the form of a boronic acid functional group is
demonstrated.
Boric acid and boronic acids have applications in numerous kinds of chemical reactions as
catalysts. Boric acid is demonstrated in this work to catalyse the esterification of a-
hydroxycarboxylic acid starting materials, including carbohydrates, typically in excellent
yield. A series of reactions were conducted to demonstrate the utility and limitations of this
technique. Included in this work is the synthesis of the carbohydrate, KDO. Furthermore, a
series of esters were generated using salicylic acid as a starting material, one of which was
subjected to x-ray crystallographic studies.
Also in this thesis a novel type of boronic acid catalysed amide forming reaction is described.
The reaction is shown to proceed rapidly under mild reaction conditions with little
purification required to give a pure product. Structural identification of the amide products
is discussed and hypothesised molecular configurations are presented.
Fluorescence sensors are described as a practical application of boron – polyol interactions.
Supporting theories are outlined and published work is summarised, compared and
contrasted. The carbohydrates sialic acid and KDO are identified as molecular targets for
boronic acid based fluorescence sensors. The benefits of multiple binding sites and
optimised molecular geometry are clearly shown in the results of fluorescence assays.
Sensor molecules reported in this thesis demonstrated selective binding to the
carbohydrates, sialic acid and KDO.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Institute for Glycomics
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Brown, Stewart Jeffrey. "Synthesis and electrochemistry of functionalised polythiophenes for biological sensor applications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402298.
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Lewallen, Daniel M. "Development of synthetic carbohydrates for capturing toxins." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288969515.
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Sousa, Raquel Maria Ferreira de. "Síntese e aplicação de oligômeros de poli(fluorenilenovinileno)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-02072008-140803/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nos últimos anos, vem crescendo o interesse em investigar o fenômeno da magnetorresistência em diversos materiais (inorgânicos ou orgânicos), uma vez que esse fenômeno se encontra diretamente ligado à fabricação de discos rígidos com elevada capacidade de armazenamento de dados. Estudos anteriores mostraram que o polímero PDO14FV apresenta magnetorresistência de intensidade superior as apresentadas por materiais inorgânicos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho pretendeu desenvolver a síntese e caracterização de dois oligômeros, o dímero (DO14FV-dim) e o trímero (DO14FV-trim), e investigar o fenômeno da magnetorresistência nesses materiais. Surpreendentemente, esses oligômeros apresentaram magnetorresistência superior àquela obtida com o polímero correspondente. Esses resultados poderão contribuir, em trabalhos futuros, na elucidação do mecanismo desse fenômeno em materiais orgânicos. A síntese dos oligômeros foi feita por reação de Wittig, obtendo-se moléculas de estrutura bem definida e com configuração trans, sendo caracterizadas por métodos espectroscópicos. Visando outras aplicações, os oligômeros e o polímero foram estudados em sensores de gases, na diferenciação entre tipos e marcas de chá. Foi observado que quanto maior é a molécula, maior é seletividade, e, portanto, o polímero foi quem apresentou os melhores resultados.There is a growing interest in investigating the phenomenon of magnetoresistance in various materials (both organic and inorganic), since it is directly linked to the manufacture of high capacity hard disk drives. Previous studies showed that the polymer PDO14FV presents magnetoresistance with higher intensity than inorganic materials. Therefore, this work consisted in the synthesis and characterization of two oligomers, the dimer (DO14FV-dim) and trimer (DO14FV-trim), of this polymer and the investigation of magnetoresistance in these materials. Surprisingly, these oligomers presented higher magnetoresistance than that exhibited by the polymer. These results may contribute in future works aiming the elucidation of the mechanism of this phenomenon in organic materials. The synthesis of the oligomers was performed by Wittig reaction. Molecules of well defined structure and trans configuration were obtained and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Aiming other applications, the oligomers and polymer were tested in gas sensors, for the discrimination between different types and brands of tea. It was observed that the greater the molecule, the greater the selectivity, and therefore, the polymer gave the best results.
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Boehle, Matthew C. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Carbon Nanotube Based Composite Strain Sensor." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1462201576.
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Walker, Brian Thomas. "Synthesis of Novel Antimycobacterials and a Fluorescent Sensor for Simple Carbohydrates." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cell surface carbohydrates play an important role in a wide variety of biological processes such as inflammation, tumor metastasis, and viral and bacterial infection. The goal of our research has been two-fold. The first objective was the synthesis of antimycobacterial compounds. A mannose containing tetrasaccharide from the mannan core of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been synthesized using α-D-methylmannopyranoside as starting material and Koeings-Knorr reactions to couple saccharides. The synthesis was completed in nine steps and in 14% total yield. This compound should be useful in competitive inhibition studies with macrophages or as an immunological marker. We have successfully synthesized nonsulfated mimics of the aminosterol antibiotic from 5α-cholestan-3-one in two steps in 40-70% total yield. The critical step in this synthesis is the addition of the boronic acid functional group using 2-o-formylphenylboronic acid. It is hypothesized that the addition of boronic acids will improve the antibacterial and anti-angiogenic activity of these compounds. The second objective was the synthesis of a simple fluorescent receptor for simple carbohydrates. A receptor using anthracene as the fluorophore has been completed demonstrating an improved yield over previous methods. This receptor is the first to show selectivity for myo-inositol over other saccharides.
30
Hangarter, Carlos Maldonado. "Electrochemical synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures for sensor and spintronic applications." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957308741&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269278715&clientId=48051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 12, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Song, Changsik. "Design and synthesis of molecular actuators and sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41554.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references.
To date, the most successful conducting polymer actuators are based on polypyrrole, which operates through incorporating and expelling counterions and solvent molecules to balance the charges generated by electrochemical stimuli (swelling mechanism). Although significant progress has been made, there still exists a need for developing new materials that would overcome the intrinsic limitations in the swelling mechanism, such as slow diffusion rate, limited expansion volume, etc. Our group has contributed this area with a different approach -- lecular mechanisms, which utilize a dimensional change of a single polymer chain. We propose two types of molecular mechanisms: contracting and expanding. We proposed earlier a calix[4]arenebased molecular actuator for the contracting mechanism, in which p-dimer formation was proposed as a driving force. In this dissertation, we first confirm by model studies that p-dimer formation can indeed be a driving force for the calix[4]arene-based system. We propose another molecular hinge, binaphthol moiety, for the contracting model. The syntheses of polymers with binaphthols and their characterization, including signatures of oligothiophene interactions, are described. Due to its chirality, we examined the possibilities of the binaphthol polymer as a chiral amine sensor. To create actuators that make use of the expanding model, we propose new conjugated seven-membered ring systems with heteroatoms (thiepin with sulfur and azepine with nitrogen) and their syntheses and characterization will be described. Inspired by the fact that sulfoxide has very low extrusion barrier in the related system, we applied the thiepin molecules to create a peroxide sensor.
(cont.) In addition, during the investigation of phenol functional groups in conducting polymers, we found interesting properties that strategic positioning of phenol groups can render a conjugation-broken meta-linked system just as conductive as a fully conjugated para-linked isomeric system.
by Changsik Song.
Ph.D.
32
La, Paglia Fragola Valentina. "Synthesis of chromo fluorogenic sensors for molecular recognition." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aims to explore the possibility of design, synthesize and test capabilities, firstly in solution and then into the solid state later on in the form of monolayer new molecules, that present the ability to recognize a substrate and to transform this recognition event into a detectable signal or into a real reaction. What we expect is a change of the optical properties of these compounds, for instance expressed by a colour switching or a fluorescence alteration both in solution and on the solid state.
During the first two year we synthesized a series of molecule in order to recognize nerve agent simulant like DMMP (dimethylmethyphosphonate) by using firstly simple molecules as oximes that is well known are used in the detoxification therapy after nerve agents exposure. Unfortunately the change of the behaviour of these molecule was not as we expected into the solid state because the detectable signal (that was expected to be a weak interaction) was too low in order to think to transform this monolayer into a device, so we decided to move our research into another class of compounds at last to achieve a higher detectable signal by using aza-compounds with the same oxime moiety, but in this case we used as recognition event a reaction by using another nerve agent simulant DCP (diethylchlorophosphate). The solution measurements are promising and we are going to perform the same test on solid state.
Another aim of our research was to selectively recognize biological important metal transition ions as copper both in solution and into solid state by colorimetric or fluorescent essay; for this purpose we employed organic scaffolds that show a change of one of the properties mentioned above, for instance aromatic rings that bear chromophoric groups or napthyl amide derivates, covalently bonded with functional groups, such as di-picolyl amine, that as it is well known have not only a great change in their photochemical behaviour but also they present great selectivity.
We synthesized a novel N-tyramine-di[2(dipicolyl)amino]1,8 naphtalimide that showed the ability to selectively recognise Cu2+ as we expected, and then we try to synthesized another derivate of this compound that bear in order three and four picolyl groups but we stopped our synthesis at the three armed derivate (that showed a good sensibility but not a great sensitivity); the four armed was too difficult to obtain (very low yields and difficulties in purification).
During the third year we focused our attention into the recognition of transition metal ions, specifically copper, in biological environment that is very important for in vivo and in vitro studies for many associated diseases related to the change of their homeostasis.
Firstly we focused our attention on a bodipy derivate presented in literature, we embody this molecule into silica-doped-nanoparticles in collaboration with other research groups obtaining very promising results in the recognition of copper.
Secondly we synthesized a derivate of di[2(dipicolyl)amino]1,8 naphtalimide linked with a disaccharide (threalose, that shown to be very effective in inhibiting aggregation of the Alzheimer s related beta-amyloid peptide alpha-betha and in reducing its cytotoxicity) in order to obtain a water soluble chemosensor; also this work is in partnership with another research group and the first results are promising.
We also studied the possibilities of selectively transfer oxygen onto a specific substrate for instance unfunctionalized alkenes by using salen-Mn(III) complexes as catalysts, both in solution and on solid support, in order to obtain a reusable device.
33
Vermillion, Rebecca Marie. "Synthesis of Multivalent Glycoconjugates for the Detection of Pathogens." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1153855510.
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Bangcuyo, Carlito Ganayo. "Synthesis of Heterocyclic Poly(aryleneetheynylene)s." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poly(arylenenethynylene)s or PAEs are an interesting class of conjugated polymers that have potential uses in the field of thin film transistors, organic LEDs, sensors, and molecular wires. The field of PAEs have grown in recent years, however very few of its conjugated polymers have a heterocyclic motif contained within them. We have designed some conjugated heterocyclic polymers that contain quinoline, benzothidiazole, and quinoxaline. These polymers show interesting ionochromic and solvochromic effects as well as unusual solid state properties. Some of these polymers will demonstrate their ability to form fascinating nanostructures by use of either mesoporous discs or gold mediated nanotubes. Finally, we also have produced peralkynylated heterocyclic molecules for use in potential n-semiconductive devices. These molecules are not only aesthtically pleasing, but versatile molecules that could be used in conjugated PAEs.
35
Kaur, Gurpreet. "Synthesis of Boronic Acid Based Sensors for Glucose and Sialic Acid and Synthesis of Novel and Selective PDE4 Enzyme Inhibitors." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The boronic acid functional group is known to bind compounds with the diol group tightly and reversibly in aqueous environment and has been used as a recognition moiety for the design of carbohydrate sensors. The first chapter of the dissertation studies the synthesis and substitution effect on the affinity and selectivity of a known boronic acid-based glucose sensor. In such a sensor design effort, the availability of a signaling event, whether it is fluorescence or UV, is crucial. The second chapter studies the detailed mechanism on how a well-known fluorescent boronic acid compound changes fluorescent properties upon binding. A new mechanism has been established which corrected a decade old mistake. In the third chapter, a series of boronic acid-based sensors were designed and synthesized for sialic acid, which is part of tetrasaccharide found on many cell surface carbohydrates. Such sialic acid sensors could be very useful for the development of new type of anti-influenza therapy. The fourth is on the design and synthesis novel and selective inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which are potential anti-asthma agents.
36
Esipenko, Nina A. "Design, Synthesis, and Application of Sensors for Biologically Relevant Molecules." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395589938.
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Navarrete, Gatell Eric. "Synthesis and gas sensing properties of inorganic semiconducting, p-n heterojunction nanomaterials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En aquesta tesis utilitzant principalment Aerosol Assited Chemical Vapor Deposition, AACVD, com a metodologia de síntesis d'òxid de tungstè nanoestructurat s'han fabricat diferents sensors de gasos. Per tal d'estudiar la millora en la selectivitat i la sensibilitat dels sensors de gasos basats en òxid de tungstè aquest s'han decorat, via AACVD, amb nanopartícules d'altres òxids metàl·lics per a crear heterojuncions per tal d'obtenir un increment en la sensibilitat electrònica, les propietats químiques del material o bé ambdues. En particular, s'han treballat en diferents sensors de nanofils d'òxid de tungstè decorats amb nanopartícules d'òxid de níquel, òxid de cobalt i òxid d'iridi resultant en sensors amb un gran increment de resposta i selectivitat cap al sulfur d'hidrogen, per a l'amoníac i per a l'òxid de nitrogen respectivament a concentracions traça. A més a més, s'han estudiat els mecanismes de reacció que tenen lloc entre les espècies d'oxigen adsorbides a la superfície del sensor quan interactua amb un gas. I també s'ha treballat en intentar controlar el potencial de superfície de les capes nanoestructurades per tal de controlar la deriva en la senyal al llarg del temps, quan el sensor està operant, a través d'un control de temperatura.En esta tesis utilizando principalmente Aerosol Assited Chemical Vapor Deposition, AACVD, como metodología de síntesis de óxido de tungsteno nanoestructurado se han fabricado diferentes sensores de gases. Para estudiar la mejora en la selectividad y la sensibilidad de los sensores de gases basados en óxido de tungsteno estos se han decorado, vía AACVD, con nanopartículas de otros óxidos metálicos para crear heterouniones para obtener un incremento en la sensibilidad electrónica, las propiedades químicas del material o bien ambas. En particular, se han trabajado en diferentes sensores de nanohilos de óxido de tungsteno decorados con nanopartículas de óxido de níquel, óxido de cobalto y óxido de iridio resultante en sensores con un gran incremento de respuesta y selectividad hacia el sulfuro de hidrógeno, para el amoníaco y para el óxido de nitrógeno respectivamente a concentraciones traza. Además, se han estudiado los mecanismos de reacción que tienen lugar entre las especies de oxígeno adsorbidas en la superficie del sensor cuando interactúa con un gas. Y también se ha trabajado en intentar controlar el potencial de superficie de las capas nanoestructuradas para controlar la deriva en la señal a lo largo del tiempo, cuando el sensor está trabajando, a través de un control de temperatura.
In this thesis, using mainly Aerosol Assited Chemical Vapor Deposition, AACVD, as a synthesis methodology for nanostructured tungsten oxide, different gas sensors have been manufactured. To study the improvement in the selectivity and sensitivity of gas sensors based on tungsten oxide, they have been decorated, via AACVD, with nanoparticles of other metal oxides to create heterojunctions to obtain an increase in electronic sensitivity, in the chemical properties of the material or at the same time in both. Particularly, we have worked on different tungsten oxide nanowire sensors decorated with nanoparticles of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and iridium oxide resulting in sensors with a large increase in response and selectivity towards hydrogen sulfide, for ammonia. and for nitrogen oxide respectively at trace concentrations. In addition, the reaction mechanisms that take place between oxygen species adsorbed on the sensor surface when it interacts with a gas have been also studied. Furthermore, efforts have been put on trying to control the surface potential of the nanostructured layers to control the drift in the signal over time, when operating the sensors, through temperature control.
38
Hartigan, Hilary Jean Noelle. "New redox active ion sensors : synthetic, electrochemical, spectroscopic and guest binding studies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The preparation of two new [18]aneS4N2 macrocycles with conjugated links to redox-active Co centres has been achieved [(CpCo)2S4N2 and (CpCo)S4N2 via reaction of an [18aneS4N2 bisthione macrocycle with CpCoLL, LL = COD or (CO)2. Optimisation of this reaction had lead to a high yielding and selective route to the ligand containing one Co centre. The characterisation of these complexes is described in detail and includes a study of the spectro-electrochemical, electrochemical, EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopic data. The second section of this thesis concentrates on complexation studies of these redox-active cobalt macrocycles with a variety of transition metal ions. The metal ions are a mixture of late transition metal and heavy metal ions and include possible pollutant species present within aqueous environmental systems. They include, AgI, FeII, CoII, NiII, CuI, CuII, PbII, CdII, HgII, and SnII. The studies was carried out in variety of solvent systems and complexations were followed by modifications in electrochemical behaviour and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Strong interactions were observed between the Co centre and the guest metal ion in the macrocycle in several cases and encouraging results are reported indicating the use of these systems in Ion Sensing. In particular the complexation study carried out with AgI and NiII proved to be the most significant. A route to the method of complexation of the ions, AgI, FeII, CoII, NiII, CuI, and CuII is proposed with a suggestion for an alternative pathway for the complexation of the heavier metals, SnII, PbII, HgII and CdII is also given.
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Phillips, Marcus Damian. "Synthetic strategies in the design and construction of saccharide selective fluorescent sensors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414605.
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Bokolinis, Georgios. "The synthesis of novel ditopic ligands for supramolecular chemistry and sensor applications." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430296.
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Tang, Yin. "Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Oxide for Thin Film Gas Sensor Applications." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1089995414.
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Gan, Wei. "Synthesis and design of fluorescence ligands to act as sensor for zinc /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/ganw/weigan.html.
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Hillier, Stephen. "The design, synthesis and application of a novel electrochemical DNA gene sensor." Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414787.
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Brown, Rachel Christine, and rcbrown@adam com au. "gamma-Lactones in wine: Synthesis, quantification and sensory studies." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080226.234630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
gamma-Lactones are found in a wide variety of food and beverage products, in particular grapes and wine. This thesis details the work completed on some gamma-lactones in wine: their synthetic preparation, development of quantification methodologies and sensory studies.
Chapter 1 outlines the history of the Australian wine industry from the arrival of the first vines on the First Fleet in 1788 with Captain Arthur Philip. This chapter provides: an overview of Australias position in the world of grape and wine production; an analysis of the export arm of the industry; and a look at the different wine producing regions around the country. The latter part of the chapter focuses on the different volatile compounds found in wine.
Part A:
Chapter 2 provides an overview on the history of barrel manufacture and the use of oak wood in cooperage, with an emphasis on oaks well known ability to impart desirable characteristics to wine through the extraction of volatile aroma compounds. This chapter provides a summary of these odorants with a particular emphasis on the oak lactones. Previous sensory studies and synthetic work are discussed. Of great importance to this work are the recent advancements in 1,2-dioxine chemistry, highlighted in this chapter.
Chapter 3 details the synthetic work completed for the preparation of all four possible oak lactone stereoisomers. A suitably substituted racemic 1,2-dioxine featured as the common intermediate and enabled preparation of the gamma-lactone moiety upon reaction with a chiral malonate diester and separation of the diastereomers by column chromatography. A key step involved the decarboxylation of the ester cleaved gamma-lactone diastereomers, which could be directed to give either the cis- or trans-products. Standard chemical transformations were then utilised to produce the desired stereoisomers of oak lactone.
Chapter 4 describes the results from the sensory studies that were completed on the synthetic oak lactone samples. Odour detection thresholds were measured in both a white and a red wine. The thresholds in the former medium were calculated to be 24 ug/L, 172 ug/L, 132 ug/L and 305 ug/L, while in the latter medium the thresholds were calculated to be 57 ug/L, 380 ug/L, 175 ug/L and 285 ug/L, for (4S,5S)-cis-, (4S,5R)-trans-, (4R,5R)-cis- and (4R,5S)-trans-oak lactone, respectively. Difference testings were completed on the pairs of enantiomers and also on mixtures of the nature-identical isomers: between the cis-enantiomers a significant difference was found at the 99% confidence level, while between the trans-enantiomers and also the mixtures of cis- and trans-isomers little difference was observed.
Chapter 5 contains the experimental procedures for Part A.
Part B:
Chapter 6 discusses the sensory properties of some gamma- and delta-lactones, with the focus on a series of five-alkyl substituted gamma-lactones: gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone and gamma-dodecalactone. Topics covered in this chapter include chirality, biosynthetic pathways and quantification results in wine from previous studies for these gamma-lactones.
Chapter 7 concerns the method development for the quantification of gamma-lactones in wine using a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). Deuterated analogues were prepared from commercially available racemic gamma-lactones for use as internal standards. Initially a head space solid-phase microextraction (HS SPME) method was developed using d5-standards; however, analysis of bottled wine samples revealed the presence of co-eluting compounds that contained several of the selected ions. Thus an alternative method was developed using d7-standards, with a specific focus on sample clean-up, via solid-phase extraction (SPE). Using this procedure, 44 white and 120 red wines were analysed for their gamma-lactone content. The lactones were found to be significantly more common in the red wines, with gamma-nonalactone the most abundant lactone in this series.
Chapter 8 deals with the extension of the SIDA method, as developed in Chapter 7, for use with a chiral gas chromatography column. Optically pure standards were prepared, from either L- or D-glutamic acid, and used to determine the order of elution of the enantiomers. A method was developed for the quantification of the individual enantiomers of gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone and gamma-dodecalactone. The enantiomeric distribution of gamma-nonalactone was investigated in 34 red wines; the (R)-stereoisomer was found to be dominant with an average of 59%, although there were wines analysed that did contain the (S)-stereoisomer in greater amounts.
Chapter 9 describes the results from the sensory studies that were completed on the individual enantiomers of the gamma-lactones. Odour detection thresholds were measured in a red wine. The thresholds were calculated to be 238 ug/L, 285 ug/L, 34 ug/L and 8 ug/L for the (R)-enantiomers, while the thresholds were calculated to be 135 ug/L, 91 ug/L, 47 ug/L and 39 ug/L for the (S)-enantiomers, of gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone and gamma-dodecalactone, respectively.
Chapter 10 contains the experimental procedures for Part B.
Chapter 11 contains the appendices, followed by the references in Chapter 12.
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Lee, Hsiao-Yen. "Synthesis and characterization of nano-sructured materials for sensors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505052.
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Walker, Ashley. "One tone, two ears, three dimensions : an investigation of qualitative echolocation strategies in synthetic bats and real robots." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the work reported in this thesis is to investigate a methodology for studying perception by building and testing robotic models of animal sensory mechanisms. Much of Artificial Intelligence studies agent perception by exploring architectures for linking (often abstract) sensors and motors so as to give rise to particular behaviour. By contrast, this work proposes that perceptual investigations should begin with a characterisation of the underlying physical laws which govern the specific interaction of a sensor (or actuator) with its environment throughout the execution of a task. Moreover, it demonstrates that, through an understanding of task-physics, problems for which architectural solutions or explanations are often proposed may be solved more simply at the sensory interface - thereby minimising subsequent computation. This approach is applied to an investigation of the acoustical cues that may be exploited by several species of tone emitting insectivorous bats (species in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae) which localise prey using systematic pinnae scanning movements. From consideration of aspects of the sound filtering performed by the external and inner ear or these bats, three target localisation mechanisms are hypothesised and tested aboard a 6 degree-of-freedom, binaural, robotic echolocation system. In the first case, it is supposed that echolocators with narrow-band call structures use pinna movement to alter the directional sensitivity of their perceptual systems in the same whay that broad-band emitting bats rely on pinnae morphology to alter acoustic directionality at different frequencies. Scanning receivers also create dynamic cues - in the form of frequency and amplitude modulations - which very systematically with target angle. The second hypothesis investigated involves the extraction of timing cues from amplitude modulated echo envelopes.
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Yavuz, Mustafa Selman. "Synthesis of an Ammonium Ion-selective Fluoroionophore." Digital WPI, 2003. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/772.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The drawbacks of nonactin, the current commercial standard receptor for ammonium ion necessitate the development of new ammonium ionophores. We have designed and attempted to synthesize fluoroionophores, I- III. Molecular modeling of I suggests superior selectivity over that of nonactin. III was synthesized as a selective ionophore for optical detection of ammonium ion. The synthetic strategies for III are two-fold: solid phase and solution phase. Solution phase synthesis was performed with two different protecting groups (t-butyl ester and benzyl ester). A methyl-amino substituted anthracene molecule will be covalently coupled to the secondary amine group to provide an optical signaling moiety that operates on the basis of an“off-on" fluorescence emission mechanism. Compound IV was also synthesized in order to provide a sample reaction for the covalent coupling of the chromophore and to provide a fast route to an ammonium fluoroionophore.
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Nur, Kamruddin Md. "Synthetic view of retail spaces using camera and RFID sensors on a robot." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/352710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, two approaches of information presentation on indoor view have been presented using Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and camera sensors on a robot. The goal is to capture images of the indoor environment and to create a 3D view so that users can view, navigate, and locate a product on the view. RFID is an `Auto-ID' system that can identify a tagged object from a remote distance without a direct line-of-sight. In the first approach, a Google Street View-like indoor view creation and RFID-obtained product information projection have been presented. Also, in the second approach, we explore Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), RGB-D RGB-D Mapping, and the RFID-obtained product information projection on a 3D point cloud map.En aquesta tesi, dos enfocaments de presentació de la informació a la vista d’interior s’han presentat mitjançant identificació per radio-freqüència (RFID) i sensors de la càmera en un robot. L’objectiu és capturar imatges de l’ambient interior i la creació d’una vista 3D, de manera que els usuaris poden veure, navegar i localitzar un producte a la vista. RFID és un ‘sistema’ Auto ID, que és capaç d’identificar un objecte etiquetat des d’una distància remota sense una línia de visió directa. Per altra banda, un sistema RFID pot ser configurat per adquirir ubicacions aproximades d’objectes RFID etiquetats. En el primer enfocament, s’han presentat una creació de vista interior com Google Street View i la projecció d’informació de productes obtinguts per RFID. I, en el segon enfocament, la projecció de la informació de productes obtinguts per RFID en una vista de núvol de punts 3D s’ha presentat usant un econòmic RGB-D (Red, Blue, Green, and Depth) sensor de càmera i RGB-D SLAM.
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Xu, Guoxiang. "Environmental Remediation with Fenton Reagents and Synthesis of a Novel Halide Fluorescence Sensor." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and humic acid (SRHA) were used as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and were applied to probe the effect of DOM. Addition of DOM resulted in decreased first order rate constants for all species selected. The inhibition became more significant as the hydrophobicity of the species increased. The decrease could not be simply attributed to the binding of hydrophobic species to DOM. This can be explained by the physical isolation of iron (II), which binds to hydrophilic sites of DOM and is the hydroxyl radical generation site, from hydrophobic pollutants which bind to hydrophobic sites of DOM. Accordingly, species which could compete agains t this physical isolation by DOM and bring iron (II) closer to target species could increase the degradation rates. This was observed with application of carboxymethyl-ß-cyclodextrin (CMßCD). Effects from concentration, structure of the target species and acidity etc., were studied. The increased degradation rates were observed even in the presence of DOM. Studies on ternary complexes of hydrophobic pollutants, iron (II) and CMßCD were carried with ESMS, UV and Fluorescence experiments and further calix[6]arene derivatives. Along with the fact that CMßCD can increase the solubility of hydrophobic species and remove them from contaminated sites, this indicates a potential application to in-situ degradation systems. Initial two -phase studies were carried out with quartz sand deposited with polycholobiphenyl (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Successful degradations were observed with PCBs but not PAHs. The difference is attributed to the slow equilibrium of sorbed PAHs with dissolved CMßCD and the higher PAH loading used in these experiments. A halide sensor-molecule (1, 8-diphenylureaylnaphthalene), which performs with increasing fluorescence in the presence of fluoride and decreasing fluorescence with all other halides, was synthesized and reported. Studies using NMR and computer modeling with SPARTAN were carried out to compare the sensor-molecule with an analog, 2, 3-diphenylureaylnaphthalene. Both studies indicated that only fluoride can be accommodated in the space between the urea group protons to form a strong interaction. The sensor-molecule could to lead to improved sensors that overcome limitations with current fluorescence-quenching based anion sensors.
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Gunji, Shunsuke. "Synthesis of functional inorganic nanofibers using cellulose nanofibers as templates." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225610.
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