Статті в журналах з теми "Synthèse audio"

Cet article propose d’esquisser un panorama des principaux logiciels à la disposition du transcripteur permettant de lui faciliter le travail et de garantir la qualité des transcriptions. L’objectif visé est double. Il s’agit d’une part de mettre à disposition une synthèse des outils existants (24 logiciels sont traités) et des caractéristiques techniques principales de chacun d’entre eux. Il existe en effet une offre pléthorique en la matière, au point qu’il est difficile de s’y retrouver pour l’utilisateur lambda. D’autre part, cet article ne propose pas simplement une liste d’outils mais neuf critères simples permettant de choisir le logiciel le plus adapté aux besoins de sa recherche, à son corpus et à ses compétences : rôle de la problématique et de l’objet de recherche, spécificité du terrain, plate-forme sur laquelle fonctionne l’outil, disponibilité du logiciel, mode de représentation des données, articulation des supports, format des données, outils de lecture et de traitement du son, fonctions d’analyse proposées par ces logiciels.

Contexte : Le recours au jugement des évaluateurs est de plus en plus présent en contexte d’utilisation d’une approche de formation par compétences ; toutefois sa subjectivité a souvent été critiquée. Plus récemment, les perspectives variées des évaluateurs ont commencé à être traitées comme source d’information importante et les recherches sur le jugement évaluatif (rater cognition) se sont multipliées. Lors d’une synthèse d’études empiriques sur le sujet, Gauthier et al. ont proposé un modèle conceptuel englobant une série de résultats concourants. Objectif : Dans le cadre de cette étude à devis mixte concomitant imbriqué (quan/QUAL), nous confrontons ce modèle théorique à des données empiriques issues d’entrevues semi-dirigées d’évaluateurs hors pair. Cette analyse vise à valider le modèle théorique et déterminer son utilité pour mieux comprendre le jugement évaluatif. Méthodes : Les verbatim d’entrevues audio-enregistrées de 11 participants observant et jugeant la vidéo d’une résidente lors d’une consultation avec un patient standardisé ont été codés en utilisant le modèle théorique comme arbre de codage. Les données quantitatives portant sur l’occurrence et la co-occurrence de chaque code, en général et par individu, ont été extraites et analysées. Résultats : Les données corroborent que l’ensemble des neuf mécanismes du modèle conceptuel sont bien représentés dans le discours des évaluateurs. Toutefois, les résultats suggèrent que le modèle avec ses neuf mécanismes indépendants ne rend pas justice à la complexité des interactions entre certains mécanismes et qu’un des mécanismes, le concept personnel de compétence, semble soutenir une grande partie des autres mécanismes.

The music visualization algorithm described in this study allows users to construct piano audio files using imported image files. This paper contributes to previous studies and designs of sonification by highlighting the effectiveness of utilizing onset detection in creating intuitive sonic changes. The audio-visual correspondences employed in this study could be expanded to many other syntheses and sample manipulation techniques. Translating visual information into sonic changes could yield many creative applications in music production, as it offers musicians a simultaneously optical and auditory production experience. This approach to audio manipulation also increases the unpredictability of the sound output, which could be appealing to experimental musicians seeking to control sounds with the visual structure of artworks that they enjoy, as opposed to precise parameters. It is looking forward to seeing creative implementations of the techniques in audio-visual artworks, music production tools, and interactive multimedia systems. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of AI composing.

Auralization is a suitable method for the subjective evaluation of environmental noise. Due to its complexity, the plausible and immersive acoustic representation of outdoor scenarios in urban environments is an ongoing field of research. This work presents the design and implementation of a vehicle pass-by noise model with application in a real-time environmental noise auralization. The pass-by noise sources are implemented by procedural audio syntheses of engine and road-tyre noise with according directivities. In an audiovisual demonstration, the resulting source model is auralized considering the sound propagation phenomena in a virtual urban environment using the Virtual Acoustics framework.

This research aims at reading the Saudi poet Mohamed Habibi’s interactive digital poem, ‘Vision of Hope’, through the digital semiotic-cultural approach, trying to depict the external and internal text relationships, identifying the type of rhetoric to which the smart movement of the image and the multifaceted diversity of voices have added, and recognizing the cultural dimension of depicting a human being as a thing. What adds to the importance of this research is pinpointing the role of the technical syntheses of figurative language in the poem, ‘Vision of Hope’ that served the poetic text to become animatic, and served the non-verbal texts to become poetic. The research concludes that though the poem is technically simple because of the absence of hypertext, it is significantly rich because of the existence of the technical synthesis that has contributed in giving each of its component the advantage of the other. In addition, although the poet follows his admiration of the beauty of the three musical compositions of Nusseir Shammah, some of them were not well employed. The poet’s creative experience of interactive digital poetry is promising and deserves to be supported and sustained.

BackgroundMulticentre comparative clinical audits have the potential to improve patient care, allow benchmarking and inform resource allocation. However, implementing effective and sustainable large-scale audit can be difficult within busy and resource-constrained contemporary healthcare settings. There are little data on what facilitates the successful implementation of multicentre audits. As healthcare environments are complex sociocultural organisational environments, implementing multicentre audits within them is likely to be highly context dependent.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine factors that were influential in the implementation process of multicentre comparative audits within healthcare contexts—what worked, why, how and for whom?MethodsA realist review was conducted in accordance with the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards reporting standards. A preliminary programme theory informed two systematic literature searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature. The main context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations underlying the implementation processes of multicentre audits were identified and formed a final programme theory.Results69 original articles were included in the realist synthesis. Four discrete CMO configurations were deduced from this synthesis, which together made up the final programme theory. These were: (1) generating trustworthy data; (2) encouraging audit participation; (3) ensuring audit sustainability; and (4) facilitating audit cycle completion.ConclusionsThis study elucidated contexts, mechanisms and outcomes influential to the implementation processes of multicentre or national comparative audits in healthcare. The relevance of these contextual factors and generative mechanisms were supported by established theories of behaviour and findings from previous empirical research. These findings highlight the importance of balancing reliability with pragmatism within complex adaptive systems, generating and protecting human capital, ensuring fair and credible leadership and prioritising change facilitation.

Purpose The efficient delivery of environmental information to wayfinders in complex environments is a challenge for information designers. Wayfinding tasks can be quite strenuous and frustrating in the visual absence of dedicated wayfinding information. This study aims to explore the behaviour regarding the use of wayfinding information by navigators in complex environments. Design/methodology/approach An experiment has been conducted in which participants have performed wayfinding tasks in a spatially complex university campus. The participants were instructed to use the think-aloud protocol during the experiment. The behaviour has been recorded using the head-mounted video recorder (GoPro), mobile phone screen (audio\video) recorder and interview. Twelve university students have been selected based on the equal level of spatial ability using the Santa Barbara Sense of Direction scale. Each participant performed three wayfinding tasks to locate the unknown locations inside the campus using a mobile wayfinding application and other information sources. Findings The results of this study demonstrated significant behavioural preferences in acquiring wayfinding information. Most of the participants synthesised the static and mobile wayfinding information sources, while some preferred only the static ones. Gender differences have also been found for planning and route finding. This study recommends the syntheses of static and mobile wayfinding information for designing an efficient institutional wayfinding system. Research limitations/implications The sample size has been kept small because of the qualitative exploration of the wayfinding behaviour regarding the wayfinding information syntheses behaviour. The experiment findings can be further explored with larger data set and controlled behavioural metrics. This study can help understand the user requirements in facilities management for spatially complex institutional environments. Practical implications The current findings can be further used to develop a framework for wayfinding information designers to assist them in understanding the current practices and incorporate them for improving institutional wayfinding systems. The management of the offered facilities within an institution can be further improved to make the space more efficient by saving users’ time and efforts. Originality/value Information syntheses or symbiosis of environmental information with the beacon-based digital wayfinding system is a new concept. This study explores the potential of such information syntheses for enhancing the legibility of complex institutional environments.

Undergraduate teaching audit and evaluation (UTAE) plays a substantial role in the teaching quality assurance and monitoring of universities. It achieves the goal of selecting the best university for promoting the quality of higher education in China. Generally, the UTAE is a complex decision-making problem by considering competing evaluation criteria. Moreover, the evaluation information on the teaching quality of universities is often ambiguous and hesitant because of the vagueness existing in human judgments. Previous studies on UTAE have paid subtle attention towards the managing of linguistic expressions and the performance priority of universities. The interval-valued hesitant fuzzy linguistic sets (IVHFLSs) can effectively describe uncertainty, hesitancy, and inconsistency inherent in decision-making process. The ORESTE (organísation, rangement et Synthèse de données relarionnelles, in French) is a new outranking decision-making method which can show detailed distinctions between alternatives. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new UTAE approach based on the VHFLSs and ORESTE method to resolve the prioritization of universities for selecting the optimal university to benchmark. Specifically, the presented method handles the hesitant and uncertain linguistic expressions of experts by adopting the IVHFLSs and determines the ranking of universities with an extended ORESTE approach. Finally, a practical UTAE example illustrates the feasibility the proposed approach and a comparison analysis provides grounding for the superiority of the integrated approach. When the obtained results are evaluated, U2 has been determined as the best university. The results indicate the good performance of the proposed UTAE approach in evaluating and improving the teaching quality of universities.

Introduction: Monitoring patients’ safety in real time and compliance required valid instrument. Kamishibai Card or K-Card was introduced as an instrument to monitor central line-associated bloodstream infections or CLABSIs associated with nosocomial infection. However, the effectivity of the instrument remains inconsistent. The study aims to review the effectiveness of K-Card. Methods: This study applied systematic review of published papers retrieved form data-base: Elsevier Science, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Science Direct. Inclusions were made to only full English article published from January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2022. the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses were applied for each study. The feasibility study of methodology using CASP tools Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the articles. Results: A total of four articles was retrieved for analysis and synthesis using. The implementation of K-Card as an audit tool showed positive results. It leads to a quick identification of high-risk patients, increasing patient satisfaction, helping the frontline staff educate patients families, and helping the leaders have better communication with their staff. It’s simplifying the audit process for patient safety with real-time data and direct feedback to solve problems. Conclusions: The use of K-Card allows the leaders and staff to solve their daily problems in real time that relate to patient safety, allows direct feedback and creates a bond between leaders and staff, increases patient trust and satisfaction, and also enables timely root cause analyses to improve patients care.

La visite d’élevage réglementaire vise à connaître les points forts et les points faibles d’une collectivité canine, à prévenir les risques sanitaires et à s’assurer que le bien être des chiens est optimal. Elle permet d’établir un règlement sanitaire personnalisé et adapté, qui aura des chances d’être appliqué ensuite. Il est conseillé de préparer à l’avance cet audit en envoyant à l’éleveur un pré-questionnaire où il détaille son organisation quotidienne et ses pratiques. Le vétérinaire l’étudie avant de se rendre sur place et se fait ainsi une idée globale de l’élevage, identifie les éléments sur lesquels il devra être attentif lors de la visite et peut approfondir à l’avance des points techniques ou médicaux précis sur lesquels l’éleveur sollicite son aide. La visite des locaux se déroule selon le principe de la « marche en avant ». Il convient de bien observer pour déceler les erreurs concernant la prophylaxie sanitaire ou la sectorisation des espaces et du matériel. Le but n’est pas de juger les pratiques, mais de les évaluer au mieux pour les faire progresser à court, à moyen et à long terme. Après la visite, un compte-rendu détaillé est rédigé, il mentionne les points forts et les points faibles, la conformité à la réglementation, les risques sanitaires majeurs ou mineurs et le cas échéant, des remarques sur le bien-être des animaux et l’enrichissement du milieu. Une synthèse de ce compte-rendu est annexée au registre sanitaire.

The system of the financial management and control (hereinafter referred to as: FMC) in the public sector and the Ministry of Defence of the RS (hereinafter referred to as: MoD) should focus on the principles of economy, efficiency, effectiveness and publicity, with the legal use of public funds, aimed at supporting the management in business improvement. Hence, it is necessary to continuously improve the FMC, not to allow problems to arise, but to detect potential risks through controls and take preventive actions, in order to improve business. The objective of the paper is to emphasize the importance of the financial management and control in the public sector, and also in the Ministry of Defence as one of its ministries. Methodologically, analyses and syntheses, comparisons, inductions and deductions of business and FMC for the last five years in the public sector of the RS are included. On the basis of this research and the considered functioning of the FMC, good and bad experiences in normative regulation and in practice, problems have been identified with proposals for its improvement in the public sector and in the MoD of the RS. The improvement proposal has been made by analysing the reports of the Ministry of Finance and the State Audit Institution (hereinafter referred to as: SAI), by researching the operations and functioning of the FMC in the MoD.

Abstract This paper proposes a standardized format for the preparation of process green synthesis reports that can be applied to chemical syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Such a report is comprised of the following eight sections: a synthesis scheme, a synthesis tree, radial pentagons and step E-factor breakdowns for each reaction step, a tabular summary of key material efficiency step and overall metrics for a synthesis plan, a mass process block diagram, an energy consumption audit based on heating and cooling reaction and auxiliary solvents, a summary of environmental and safety-hazard impacts based on organic solvent consumption using the Rowan solvent greenness index, and a cycle time process schedule. Illustrative examples of process green synthesis reports are given for the following pharmaceuticals: 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors antagonist (Astellas Pharma), brivanib (Bristol-Myers Squibb), and orexin receptor agonist (Merck). Methods of ranking synthesis plans to a common target product are also discussed using 6 industrial synthesis plans of apixaban (Bristol-Myers Squibb) as a working example. The Borda count method is suggested as a facile and reliable computational method for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product using the following 4 attributes obtained from a process green synthesis report: process mass intensity, mass of sacrificial reagents used per kg of product, input enthalpic energy for solvents, and Rowan solvent greenness index for organic solvents.

The anonymity that the internet and social media affords users means that suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours can be talked about with a sense of freedom and disinhibition that is often not possible in face-to-face contexts. Better understanding online suicidal thoughts and/or behaviour talk is critical as more people turn to online spaces for support. Without this the potentiality of such spaces as sites for suicide prevention and intervention is likely to remain unrealised. Currently there are no scoping or systematic review syntheses focusing on internet and/or on social media suicidal thoughts and/or behaviour talk. This lack of synthesis is problematic as it makes it more difficult for online suicide prevention and intervention practices, policies, and our understanding of suicide to advance in a coherent and evidence-based manner. A scoping review protocol following Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step modified framework has been developed to address this synthesis gap. It aims to systematically map the empirical literature that has investigated online suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours talk. It is anticipated that review outcomes could inform the training of health practitioners and peer/professional online moderators in how to best talk with people experiencing suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours. Outcomes could also form an evidence-base for developing policies and practices that focus on online places as safe spaces to talk about suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours. Developers of safe language guidelines could also use the outcomes to audit how well current guidelines reflect empirical evidence. Outcomes could enable researchers to design future online suicidal thoughts and/behaviours talk studies that extend our understandings of suicide leading to potential refinements of contemporary suicide theories/models.

ObjectiveTo synthesise the evidence from studies that implemented interventions to increase/reintroduce the use of assisted vaginal births (AVB).DesignSystematic review.Eligibility criteriaWe included experimental, semi-experimental and observational studies that reported any intervention to reintroduce/increase AVB use.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Scopus, Cochrane, WHO Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO.int/ictrp through September 2021.Risk of biasFor trials, we used the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care tool; for other designs we used Risk of Bias for Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions.Data extraction and synthesisDue to heterogeneity in interventions, we did not conduct meta-analyses. We present data descriptively, grouping studies according to settings: high-income countries (HICs) or low/middle-income countries (LMICs). We classified direction of intervention effects as (a) statistically significant increase or decrease, (b) no statistically significant change or (c) statistical significance not reported in primary study. We provide qualitative syntheses of the main barriers and enablers for success of the intervention.ResultsWe included 16 studies (10 from LMICs), mostly of low or moderate methodological quality, which described interventions with various components (eg, didactic sessions, simulation, hands-on training, guidelines, audit/feedback). All HICs studies described isolated initiatives to increase AVB use; 9/10 LMIC studies tested initiatives to increase AVB use as part of larger multicomponent interventions to improve maternal/perinatal healthcare. No study assessed women’s views or designed interventions using behavioural theories. Overall, interventions were less successful in LMICs than in HICs. Increase in AVB use was not associated with significant increase in adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes. The main barriers to the successful implementation of the initiatives were related to staff and hospital environment.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to indicate which intervention, or combination of interventions, is more effective to safely increase AVB use. More research is needed, especially in LMICs, including studies that design interventions taking into account theories of behaviour change.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020215224.

The relevance of the article is to deepen the analytical aspect of knowledge about Chilean guitar music of the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries in the context of the reconstruction of genre traditions on the example of works by Juan Antonio Sanchez, Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Javier Contreras. Main objective of the study is to identify the leading genre traditions of Chilean guitar music and reveal their modern reconstructions in the works of famous authors. The methodology includes methods of historical, cultural, comparative, phenomenological, as well as structural and functional analysis (for a contextual consideration of the creative activities of composers, the study of genre and stylistic elements of the Chilean traditions of folk music, professional-academic and non-academic origin in their influence on European genre models). Results and conclusions. The cultural and historical environment of the formation and development of the Chilean academic guitar repertoire of the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries is characterized, the links with the performing achievements of domestic virtuosos are determined. The work of composers Juan Antonio Sanchez, Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Javier Contreras is considered in the discourse of modern processes of reconstruction of traditions, approbation of innovative methods and techniques of writing of the European avant-garde, use of the resources of American non-academic art. The national genre roots of thematic phenomena have been identified in the process of studying music scores and audio recordings of works, which go back to the primary authentic layers and influence musical vocabulary, creating the foundation of its national identity: Creole cueca, tonada with Iberian origins and hemiole rhythmic archetypes, in particular, in the Sonata for guitar by H. Sanchez; elements of the Araucanian ritual chants of the indigenous Mapuche population in the Fourth Sonata by G. Becerra-Schmidt, as well as the rhythmic formula of the Afro-Brazilian batukada in the finale of the Third Sonata by G. Becerra-Schmidt. It was found that secondary genre and style layers are formed in line with European concert genres: sonatas, concerts, cycles, the compositional and dramatic profile of which changes under the influence of the organic nature of the musical material, its transcultural ethnic ties. Jazz and fusion music-making with elements of the Chilean musical is defined as an equally important genre-style resource. The interferential nature of the inheritance of the authentic cueca tradition through its modern versions created by the legendary Violeta Parra leads to targeted citations, allusions in modern guitar works. Analytically substantiated are the conclusions that thanks to the numerous mosaic carnival contrasts, the abundance of colorful ethno-genre mixtures of Iberian, Indian, African American folklore, to which it is possible to connect the poetics of fusion or experimental percussion techniques of sound production, the originality of the modern Chilean reconstruction of ancient traditions is formed. Such syntheses are due to the internal cultural and historical situation and artistic processes that take place on both sides of the Atlantic.

Background:Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are defective in many auto-immune diseases, i.e. rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, derived mostly from gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, promotes anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells and protects mice from type 1 diabetes and colitis. We hypothesized that acetate could be a good candidate to promote Bregs in auto-immune diseases.Objectives:To assess the effect of acetate on Breg number and function,in vitroandin vivoin mice and humans.Methods:Bregs were defined as IL-10 producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells). Their number was assessed after overnight exposure to acetate (Ac 10 mM) and 4 hours of CpG, ionomycin and PMA in mice and after 24 hours of acetate +/- CpG and 4 hours of ionomycin and PMA in humans. Acetate was given to mice either intraperitoneally (twice at a 12-hour interval) or in drinking water for 3 weeks. Acetate-treated B cells were transferred to mice with collagen-antibody -induced arthritis to assess their function. To decipher the mechanisms behind the effect of acetate, we used inhibitors of GPR43 (CATPB), ATP synthase (oligomycin), glycolysis (2-DG), ACSS2 and ACLY and assessed protein lysine acetylation by flow cytometry on human B cells. Acetate and B10 cells were also assessed before and after a 7-day high-fibre diet in 12 healthy volunteers.Results:In mice, acetate promoted B10 cell differentiation bothin vitro(medians [IQR] 3.1 [0.4-3.7] and 9.9 [5.9-17.6]% of B for CpG and CpG+Ac respectively, p=0.002) andin vivowhen intraperitoneal injected(22 [14-29] and 31 [25-37]% of B for PBS and acetate respectively,p=0.03) or added to drinking water (17 [6-25] and 39 [26-40]% of B for water or acetate respectively, p=0.02). Adoptive transfer of acetate-treated B cells protected mice from arthritis compared to non-exposed B cells (ANOVA p=0.008). Acetate also promoted B10 cells from human blood cells (2.5 [1.6-2.7] and 3.4 [2.6-4.5] for unstimulated [Un] and Ac respectively, p=0.0001). Conversely to CpG, acetate specifically promoted IL-10, with no impact or a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6: 17 [5-29]; 12 [3-21] and 40 [20-47]% B cells for Un, Ac and CpG respectively, p<0.01 for all comparisons and TNF-a: 48 [29-61]; 41 [28-67] and 69 [64-78]% B cells for Un, Ac and CpG respectively, p<0.01 for CpG vs Un or Ac, NS for acetate vs Un). Inhibition of GPR43 and ACLY did not impact acetate response, while inhibition of glycolysis significantly decreased its effect. Blockade of ACSS2, converting acetate into acetyl-CoA, decreased acetate-induced B10 cells. Acetate was associated with an increase of protein lysine acetylation which was not observed in presence of CpG alone, suggesting a different mechanism of action (2.0 [1.3-3.4]; 3.3 [2.4-5.4] and 1.4 [0.5-1.7]% B cells for Un, Ac and CpG respectively, p=0.002 for Un vs Ac, NS with CpG). Conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA could thus be used for the acetylation of cytoplasmic protein, a post-translational modification that regulates key cellular processes, including energy metabolism. In addition, B10 cells had significantly more lysine-acetylated proteins than IL-10negB cells or TNF+B cells (5.3[3.9-7.3]; 3.2 [2.4-5.4] and 3.9 [2.7-6.2] % of B for B10, IL-10negB cells or TNF+B cells respectively, p<0.01 for all comparisons). Finally, dietary fiber supplementation in healthy individuals was associated with increased acetate and B10 cells in the blood, which were significantly correlated (R2=0.20, p=0.02).Conclusion:Our results suggest that acetate induces functional Bregs, through its conversion into acetyl-CoA, used for cell metabolism and protein acetylation. Delivery of acetate or acetate producing diets or bacteria might be a promising approach to restore Bregs in non-communicable diseases such as RA in which they are defective.Disclosure of Interests:Claire DAIEN Grant/research support from: from Pfizer, Abbvie, Roche-Chugaï, Novartis, Abivax, Sandoz, Consultant of: Abbvie, Abivax, BMS, MSD, Roche-Chugaï, Lilly, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Abivax, BMS, MSD, Roche-Chugaï, Lilly, Novartis, Jian Tan: None declared, Rachel Audo: None declared, Julie Mielle: None declared, Laurence Macia: None declared

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Nous présentons Simone [simɔn], un système Web pour l'improvisation collective en réseau basé sur des entrées audio (microphone). Inspirés par plusieurs exemples de systèmes de performance musicale en réseau, notre objectif était de concevoir un instrument distribué basé sur 3 concepts : l’improvisation collective, l’utilisation de la voix dans le processus de synthèse sonore, et l’échange d’information par le réseau. Simone est développé avec des technologies web et est utilisable avec un équipement matériel léger, portable et adapté à plusieurs situations. Cet article présente en premier lieu le design du système ainsi que de son implémentation technique. En second lieu, nous présentons des premiers exemples d’utilisation de Simone via un atelier réalisé avec 4 participants ayant improvisé avec le système, et via une étude au plus long cours avec un artiste improvisateur ayant utilisé le système dans différents contextes pendant plusieurs mois. Simone est disponible au téléchargement sous licence BSD-3-Clause à l’adresse suivante : https://github.com/ircam-ismm/simone

"Michael Snows »talking picture« »Rameau’s Nephew […]« (1974) entwickelt eine – laufend aus den Fugen geratende – Taxonomie audiovisueller Verhältnisse des Tonfilms. Der Beitrag durchstreift diesen Experimentalfilm, indem er drei Motive – Übersetzung, Fläche, Wasser – nachverfolgt, an denen Tonfilm erprobt, reflektiert und erfahrbar wird. Dabei kristallisiert sich in Umschlagsmomenten zwischen technischer Bild-Ton-Synchronisation und »Synchresis« (Michel Chion) – irreduzibel audiovisuelle Synthese der Wahrnehmung – ein kritischer Punkt des Mediums Tonfilm heraus. Synchronisation ist von solchen Momenten aus als Prozess zu verstehen, in dem Potenziale von Homogenisierung und Heterogenisierung verteilt und aufeinander bezogen werden. </br></br> Micheal Snow’s talking picture »Rameau’s Nephew […]« (1974) develops an ever unstable taxonomy of audio-visual relations in the talking movie. The contribution investigates this experimental film by following three motives – translation, surface, water – with which the talking movie reflects itself. Thus, moments of transition between mere technical lip-sync and »synchresis« (irreducible audio-visual synthesis of perception, a term coined by Michel Chion) – prove to be a critical point of the talking movie. In this perspective, synchronization is to be understood as a process which distributes and correlates potentials of homogenization and heterogenization. "

Background: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Methods: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation. Results: Across 8 chapters, the guidelines provide definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior, informing target groups on types of physical activity, dosage (frequency, intensity, and duration), benefits, and supporting network for physical activity adoption. The guidelines are openly available in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Braille and in audio versions, with a supplementary guide for health professionals and decision makers, and a report about the preparation and references. Conclusions: The Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population provide evidence-based recommendations, being a public-directed resource to contribute to the physical activity promotion in Brazil.

Objective: This pilot study sought to map the alignment of publications in JBI Evidence Synthesis to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (global health and well-being) and understand JBI authors’ awareness of and engagement with the goals. This will contribute to a larger-scale analysis to assist the JBI Collaboration in engaging with and working towards achieving the SDGs. Introduction: In 2015, the United Nations agreed on 17 SDGs as the central framework for sustainable development worldwide. However, in the wake of the global pandemic, the 2030 SDG agenda is in jeopardy due to multiple cascading and intersecting crises. The Global Commission on Evidence has urged the evidence community to consider how it might more meaningfully contribute to the evidence architecture. As we pass the midway point towards the SDG 2030 target date, it is timely to reflect on the contribution of those in the evidence synthesis community to achieving these important global objectives. Methods: A 2-phase study was conducted utilizing desktop audit methods. SDG 3 targets were mapped across systematic and scoping reviews published in JBI Evidence Synthesis using established key terms, followed by a brief author survey and thematic analysis. Results: The results of this pilot study indicate that 28.5% of syntheses published in JBI Evidence Synthesis address 11 of the 13 targets of SDG 3. SDGs are not currently a priority consideration for most JBI Evidence Synthesis authors, but there is a desire to learn more and integrate the goals into their prioritization processes. Conclusions: While this was only a small pilot study, it is indicative of a need to reset and recommit to mutual global agendas to transform the evidence ecosystem and maximize the limited resources available to us to truly have a global impact on health outcomes.

Background: Patients who report penicillin allergies may receive alternative antibiotics. Such substitution contributes to antimicrobial resistance, lower treatment efficacy, increased frequency of adverse events, and increased costs. Approximately 90% of individuals who report a penicillin allergy can tolerate a penicillin. Objective: To identify the barriers to and facilitators of removal by health care workers of inaccurate antimicrobial allergies from patient records, known as delabelling. Data Sources: The MEDLINE database was searched from inception to December 29, 2020. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Qualitative studies evaluating health care professionals’ perceptions of barriers to and/or facilitators of the act of delabelling a patient’s antimicrobial allergies were included in the meta-synthesis. Data Synthesis: The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to code and group individual utterances from the included studies, which were mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel and corresponding intervention function and policy categories. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight themes were identified as representing barriers to delabelling: delabelling skills, patient education skills, knowledge, electronic health records (EHRs), communication frameworks, time, fear about allergic reactions, and professional roles. Behaviour change interventions that may overcome these barriers include education, training, algorithms and toolkits, changes to EHRs, use of dedicated personnel, policies, incentivization of correct labelling, and an audit system. Conclusions: Eight themes were identified as barriers to delabelling of antimicrobial allergies. Future behaviour change interventions to address these barriers were proposed. Confidence in the findings of this study was judged to be moderate, according to the GRADE CERQual approach. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Les patients qui signalent des allergies à la pénicilline peuvent recevoir d’autres antibiotiques. Une telle substitution contribue à la résistance aux antimicrobiens, à une moindre efficacité du traitement, à une fréquence accrue des événements indésirables et à une augmentation des coûts. Environ 90 % des personnes qui déclarent une allergie à la pénicilline peuvent la tolérer. Objectif : Identifier les obstacles à l’élimination par les travailleurs de la santé des allergies antimicrobiennes inexactes des dossiers des patients, ce que l’on appelle « le désétiquetage », et les facteurs qui le favorisent. Sources des données : La base de données MEDLINE a été consultée depuis sa création jusqu’au 29 décembre 2020.Sélection de l’étude et extraction des données : Des études qualitatives évaluant les perceptions des professionnels de la santé quant aux obstacles à l’acte de désétiquetage des allergies aux antimicrobiens d’un patient et les facilitateurs de celui-ci ont été incluses dans la métasynthèse. Synthèse des données : Le cadre théorique des domaines a été utilisé pour coder et regrouper les énoncés individuels, qui ont ensuite été associés à la roue du changement de comportement ainsi qu’aux catégories de fonctions et de politiques d’intervention correspondantes. Résultats : Quatre études répondaient aux critères d’inclusion. Huit thèmes ont été identifiés comme représentant des obstacles au désétiquetage : les compétences en la matière, les compétences en matière d’éducation des patients, les connaissances, les dossiers de santé électroniques (DSE), les cadres de communication, le temps, la peur des réactions allergiques et les rôles professionnels. Les interventions visant le changement de comportement qui peuvent surmonter ces obstacles comprennent l’éducation, la formation, les algorithmes et les boîtes à outils de désétiquetage, la modification des DSE, le recours à du personnel dédié, des politiques, l’incitation à un étiquetage correct et un système d’audit. Conclusions : Huit thèmes ont été identifiés comme étant des obstacles au désétiquetage des allergies aux antimicrobiens. De futures interventions ciblant le changement de comportement pour les surmonter ont été proposées. La confiance dans les résultats de cette étude a été jugée modérée, selon l’approche GRADE CERQual.

Abstract The European Commission's State of Health in the EU (SoHEU) initiative aims to provide factual, comparative data and insights into health and health systems in EU countries. The resulting Country Health Profiles, published every two years (current editions: November 2019) are the joint work of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the OECD, in cooperation with the European Commission. They are designed to support the efforts of Member States in their evidence-based policy making and to contribute to health care systems' strengthening. In addition to short syntheses of population health status, determinants of health and the organisation of the health system, the Country Profiles provide an assessment of the health system, looking at its effectiveness, accessibility and resilience. The idea of resilient health systems has been gaining traction among policy makers. The framework developed for the Country Profiles template sets out three dimensions and associated policy strategies and indicators as building blocks for assessing resilience. The framework adopts a broader definition of resilience, covering the ability to respond to extreme shocks as well as measures to address more predictable and chronic health system strains, such as population ageing or multimorbidity. However, the current framework predates the onset of the novel coronavirus pandemic as well as new work on resilience being done by the SoHEU project partners. This workshop aims to present resilience-enhancing strategies and challenges to a wide audience and to explore how using the evidence from the Country Profiles can contribute to strengthening health systems and improving their performance. A brief introduction on the SoHEU initiative will be followed by the main presentation on the analytical framework on resilience used for the Country Profiles. Along with country examples, we will present the wider results of an audit of the most common health system resilience strategies and challenges emerging from the 30 Country Profiles in 2019. A roundtable discussion will follow, incorporating audience contributions online. The Panel will discuss the results on resilience actions from the 2019 Country Profiles evidence, including: Why is resilience important as a practical objective and how is it related to health system strengthening and performance? How can countries use their resilience-related findings to steer national reform efforts? In addition, panellists will outline how lessons learned from country responses to the Covid-19 pandemic and new work on resilience by the Observatory (resilience policy briefs), OECD (2020 Health at a Glance) and the EC (Expert Group on Health Systems Performance Assessment (HSPA) Report on Resilience) can feed in and improve the resilience framework that will be used in the 2021 Country Profiles. Key messages Knowing what makes health systems resilient can improve their performance and ability to meet the current and future needs of their populations. The State of Health in the EU country profiles generate EU-wide evidence on the common resilience challenges facing countries’ health systems and the strategies being employed to address them.