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Статті в журналах з теми "Syntax of Shilha language"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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1

Mahbubah, Sihhatul, and Muflihah. "Bentuk-Bentuk Interferensi Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia Terhadap Bahasa Arab Pada Naskah Soal MFQ MTQ Nasional XXVI." Studi Arab 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/sa.v12i1.2541.

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Анотація:

Arabic is a foreign language that still survives its existence to this day. as a foreign language Arabic has the opportunity to be influenced by Indonesian as the first language. This interference is an inevitability but also should not be ignored. therefore, this research was conducted to describe forms of interference, especially in the realm of syntax. research object is a text about MFQ MTQ National XXVI. This research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. The main data of this research is the MFQ MTQ National XXVI. Data were collected by using the observation method and then analyzed using triangulation and descriptive-analytic techniques. The results showed that there were 10 forms of syntactic interference from Indonesian into Arabic from 130 questions of the MFQ MTQ National XXVI. This form of interference includes the interference of the concordance aspect, the interference of adjective-noun phrases (shifah-maushuf / na't-man'uut), the interference of sentences in the form of the number ismiyah (mubtada'-khabar), and the interference of the number noun phrases ('adad-ma' dud). Then after the interference data was presented, the result of the percentage level of interference in the MFQ MTQ National XXVI question text was 13%.

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2

OMURO, TAKESHI. "Natural Language Syntax." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 28, no. 1 (2011): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj.28.1_141.

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3

Borsley, Robert D. "Natural language syntax." Language 86, no. 4 (2010): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2010.0046.

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4

King, Barbara J. "Syntax and language origins." Language & Communication 16, no. 2 (April 1996): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(96)00007-9.

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5

Beck, David. "The Salish Language Family: Reconstructing Syntax.:The Salish Language Family; Reconstructing Syntax." American Anthropologist 103, no. 3 (September 2001): 849–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.3.849.

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6

Burton-Roberts, Noel, and P. H. Matthews. "Syntax." Modern Language Review 80, no. 2 (April 1985): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3728683.

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7

Nylander, Dudley K., and C. L. Baker. "English Syntax." Language 71, no. 1 (March 1995): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415982.

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8

Lightfoot, David, and Jacek Fisiak. "Historical Syntax." Language 62, no. 2 (June 1986): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414683.

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9

Robinson, Stuart, and Maggie Tallerman. "Understanding Syntax." Language 76, no. 2 (June 2000): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417681.

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10

Markantonatou, Stella, and Pieter A. M. Seuren. "Semantic Syntax." Language 74, no. 3 (September 1998): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417828.

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11

Hale, Mark. "Diachronic Syntax." Syntax 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2002): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9612.00001.

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12

Kegl, Judy A. "ASL Syntax." Sign Language and Linguistics 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2006): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.7.2.09keg.

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13

Adityas, Muhammad Tolkhah, Ikmi Nur Oktavianti, and Icuk Prayogi. "Syntax for language teachers: Revisiting the nature of language." UAD TEFL International Conference 2 (January 16, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/utic.v2.5730.2019.

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Анотація:

Teaching language is not only a matter of delivering language materials to the learners (e.g., using various methods or media), but it is also about what is thought and what is understood by the teachers that might contribute indirectly in designing and delivering the materials. Those aspects are the manifestations of teachers’ knowledge about language. Teachers who have sufficient understanding on language will be able to conduct better practice of language teaching since they understand what they are teaching. It is then intriguing to discuss the roles of syntax for language teachers: what can teachers benefit from it? This paper aims at revisiting the importance of syntax for language teachers by looking at the nature of language and the nature of syntax. This paper reviews the available relevant literature. The result of discussion emphasizes the potentiality of syntax to equip teachers with adequate knowledge on language, language structure and how to cope with changes in language. Moreover, reading syntax research can enrich teachers’ knowledge. This knowledge can be of beneficial for teachers, for instance in designing the language content of teaching materials. These are not surprising since language teachers are teaching language; therefore, they should also consider language characteristics of the language they are teaching.

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14

Collier, Katie, Balthasar Bickel, Carel P. van Schaik, Marta B. Manser, and Simon W. Townsend. "Language evolution: syntax before phonology?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1788 (August 7, 2014): 20140263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0263.

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Анотація:

Phonology and syntax represent two layers of sound combination central to language's expressive power. Comparative animal studies represent one approach to understand the origins of these combinatorial layers. Traditionally, phonology, where meaningless sounds form words, has been considered a simpler combination than syntax, and thus should be more common in animals. A linguistically informed review of animal call sequences demonstrates that phonology in animal vocal systems is rare, whereas syntax is more widespread. In the light of this and the absence of phonology in some languages, we hypothesize that syntax, present in all languages, evolved before phonology.

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15

Georgievа, Mariana. "Syntax as a Language Ontology." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 48, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for21.61synt.

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Анотація:

In our opinion, * `logical basis` and *` syntactic basis` are incorrect from a cognitive point of view. The subjunctive is a syntactic category and the qualification `logical` is an oxymoron, or at least a dissonance. In logic, the category is the subject. And since the subjunctive is the syntactic category, even more disturbing is the tautological * `syntactic subjunctive`. The article substantiates the cognitive reading of the substratum. What is new is the derivation of linguistic ontology as a category of the cognitive method in syntax, of cognitive syntax.

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16

Huttenlocher, Janellen, Marina Vasilyeva, Elina Cymerman, and Susan Levine. "Language input and child syntax." Cognitive Psychology 45, no. 3 (November 2002): 337–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0285(02)00500-5.

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17

van Kemenade, Ans M. C. "Formal syntax and language change." Diachronica 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.24.1.08kem.

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18

Kolevatykh, Dmitry A. "Urban Syntax." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-3-66-70.

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Анотація:

The article puts forward the hypothesis of the possible existence of direct and reverse communication between the subject of "city resident" and the object of "urban structure". The features of "urban Language" are considered. The theme of everyday "urban slang" development through the spatial compilation of the city forms is also raised. Some chronological features of the urban Language model formation (archaism and neologism in the context of "urban Language") are revealed. The author introduced new terms describing the phenomena of archetypaLization of urban syntactic forms. The author stresses that the city shouLd be perceived as a deveLoping LinguaL-urban model, a professionaL anaLysis of which provides an opportunity to unveiL current trends in urban development This kind of monitoring wiLL aLLow architects to design reLevant modeLs regarding the existing status of urban deveLopment.

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19

Cornish, Francis. "Micro-syntax, macro-syntax, foregrounding and backgrounding in discourse." Information Structure, Discourse Structure and Grammatical Structure 26 (November 2, 2012): 6–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.26.01cor.

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Анотація:

Adopting Berrendonner’s (1990, 2002) and Berrendonner et al.’s (forthcoming) distinction between “micro-syntax” and “macro-syntax”, as well as the orthogonal dichotomy between foregrounded and backgrounded discourse segments (cf. Khalil 2005), this paper aims to examine certain “non-canonical” interactions amongst these domains. In particular, it analyses instances where a potential referent is evoked within a highly presupposed, discursively backgrounded text segment, but where that referent is targeted via an “anadeictic” indexical expression and may be made into a discourse entity in its own right. This last-mentioned use is characteristic of discourse deixis, but not of anaphora as such. The paper also examines larger stretches of text, which relate to each other discursively in terms of “macro-syntax”. The overall aim is to characterise the limits of discourse-anaphoric reference as a function of the degree of backgrounding or foregrounding of the discourse units in terms of which the referent is determined and targeted.

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20

Yusuf, Robe'ah, Mariyati Mohd Nor, Zarima Mohd Zakaria, and Norjietta@Julita Taisin. "A REVIEW OF INFLUENCE FROM FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE AS SYNTAX INTERFERENCE IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 3, no. 10 (June 10, 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.310004.

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Анотація:

The syntax is the field of studies in constructing sentences which is the knowledge in a language that studies the form, structure, and sentence construction. In general, the syntax is involving the system that studies the rule and categories in the foundation of constructing sentences for a language. The syntax is not only research on the process of constructing sentences but also including the laws that determine how the words arranged in the sentences. Thus, the objective of this article is to study the literature review on constructing sentences in the German language that influenced by the first and second languages. Some of the researchers find that the first and second language is named by syntax interference. Based on the qualitative methodology, this article recorded seven articles from the years 2015 until 2020. The research on syntax which focusing on the German language is needed because this language is one of the subjects learned in selected schools and universities in Malaysia. Hence, it is hoped that this paper can enlighten other researchers on the German language syntax.

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21

Lebkuecher, Amy L., and Barbara C. Malt. "Second-Language Influence on First-Language Animacy Constraints and Word Order in Korean–English Bilinguals." American Journal of Psychology 134, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.4.0385.

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Анотація:

Abstract Does second-language (L2) syntactic influence on first-language (L1) reflect long-term changes to L1 syntax or occur only as a result of retrieval difficulties during time-constrained tasks? To evaluate L2 influence on L1 representation of animacy constraints (an element at the syntax–semantics interface) and word order (narrow syntax), we asked Korean–English bilingual speakers to judge sentences for grammaticality under both speeded and unspeeded conditions (Study 1) and to choose the more acceptable sentence of pairs that contained one grammatical and one ungrammatical sentence (Study 2). We found evidence for L2 influence on L1 animacy constraints in all cases and potential L2 influence on L1 word order in Study 1. These results indicate that L2 influence on L1 syntax can be observed even in conditions that reduce retrieval difficulty, implicating changes to underlying L1 representations. They also support the notion of greater susceptibility to change at the syntax–semantics interface.

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22

Arad, Maya. "Why Syntax Matters." Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes, no. 32 (June 1, 2003): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rlv.467.

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23

Justice, David, and John Haiman. "Iconicity in Syntax." Language 63, no. 3 (September 1987): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415011.

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24

Li, Yafei, Joseph Aoun, and Yen-Hui Audrey Li. "Syntax of Scope." Language 71, no. 1 (March 1995): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415967.

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25

Dougherty, Ray C., and Paul Gorrell. "Syntax and Parsing." Language 72, no. 2 (June 1996): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416656.

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26

Kaufman, Terrence, and James E. Rupp. "Lealao Chinantec Syntax." Language 66, no. 4 (December 1990): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414770.

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27

Demske, Ulrike, and Priyamvada Bondre-Beil. "Parameter der Syntax." Language 75, no. 1 (March 1999): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417508.

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28

Lefebvre, Claire, and Diane Massam. "Haitian Creole Syntax." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.3.2.05lef.

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Анотація:

In this paper we examine several aspects of Haitian Creole syntax in light of the recent proposal that a determiner can be the head of a minor maximal projection. We argue that an incorporation of this proposal into the analysis of several aspects of Haitian Creole syntax, including clause structure, question formation, and relative-clause formation, can resolve several puzzling problems. In addition, the paper adds to the theory of minor heads in that it shows that such heads must be considered to inherit major category features from their complements.

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29

Boeckx, Cedric. "Minimalist Syntax (review)." Language 81, no. 1 (2005): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2005.0006.

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30

Davis, Philip W. "Haida Syntax (review)." Language 82, no. 1 (2006): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0023.

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31

Borzaga, Michela. "‘Mother-Daughter Syntax’." Acta Neophilologica 55, no. 1-2 (December 14, 2022): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.55.1-2.5-18.

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Анотація:

This article offers a re-reading of James Joyce’s “Eveline” as a transnational story. The concept of the transnational is brought into conversation with motherhood studies, more precisely, with the notion of the ‘mother-daughter dyad’ (Hirsch). The key here is to explore the formal and narratological clues that Joyce uses to convey religiously inflected inheritances of the maternal, inner splits, patterns of repression and matrophobic reflexes. Joyce partly maps Eveline’s psyche by engaging the reader in a set of delicate auditory exercises and, thereby, offers an indirect re-writing of the Orpheus myth. This article shows how the short story has been conceived as a sort of soundbox and demonstrates that Stephen Clingman’s conceptualisation of the transnational through ‘vertical’ versus ‘horizontal’ patterns of identity can be productively applied in the exploration of literary representations of mother-daughter relations as well.

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32

DRINKA, BRIDGET. "The Syntax of Early English.:The Syntax of Early English." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 14, no. 2 (December 2004): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.2.294.

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33

Dromi, Esther, and Ruth A. Berman. "Language-specific and language-general in developing syntax." Journal of Child Language 13, no. 2 (June 1986): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008114.

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Анотація:

ABSTRACTThe distribution of a number of syntactic structures in the speech output of 102 Israeli preschoolers was examined. Findings on the proportion of grammatically analysable clauses, the patterning of word order in Hebrew child language, and the emergence of syntactic connectedness through coordination and subordination of clauses are reported. Our analysis reveals that while in some areas there are clearly age-related differences among preschool children, other types of syntactic patternings exhibit a stable behaviour. We refer to the importance of integrating findings for a wide variety of seemingly unrelated syntactic constructions across different discourse modes. We also claim that complex interactions between structural, semantic and pragmatic factors underlie the child's acquisition of syntax.

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34

Seo, Hyein, Sangkeun Jung, Hyunji Kim, Taewook Hwang, and Ohwoog Kwon. "Syntax Vector Learning using Syntax Correspondence Learning in Natural Language Understanding." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 27, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2021.27.4.204.

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35

Wong, Laurence. "Syntax and Translatability." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.02won.

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Анотація:

Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between syntax and translatability, particularly in respect of literary texts. By translatability is meant the degree of ease with which one language lends itself to translation into another language. Through practice in the translation between Chinese and some of the major European languages, such as English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin, and Greek, as well as between the European languages themselves, it can be found that translating between the European languages is much easier than translating between Chinese and any one of the European languages. Of all the factors that determine whether a language translates more readily or less readily into another language, syntactic differences constitute one of the most decisive. This is because the translator is, during the translation process, constantly dealing with syntax in two directions: the syntax of the source language on the one hand and the syntax of the target language on the other. As a result, problems arising from the syntactic differences between the two languages are bound to figure more prominently than those arising from the differences between individual lexical items and phrases or between cultures. In this paper, syntax will be studied and analysed with reference to Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek texts. Finally, it will be shown that, mainly because of syntactic differences, there is a higher degree of translatability between any two of the above European languages (which are members of the Indo-European family) than between Chinese (which is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family) and any one of these European languages, and that the syntax of any one of these European languages can cope comfortably with Chinese syntax, but not the other way round. Résumé Cet article traite de la relation entre la syntaxe et la traduisibilité, en particulier, en ce qui concerne les textes littéraires. On entend par traduisibilité le degré de facilité avec laquelle une langue se prête à la traduction dans une autre. Par la pratique de la traduction entre le chinois et quelques-unes des principales langues européennes, comme l’anglais, le français, l’italien, l’allemand, l’espagnol, le latin et le grec, ainsi qu’entre les langues européennes mêmes, on s’aperçoit qu’il est beaucoup plus facile de traduire entre les langues européennes qu’entre le chinois et n’importe quelle langue européenne. Parmi tous les facteurs qui déterminent si une langue se traduit plus ou moins aisément dans une autre, les différences syntactiques comptent parmi les plus décisifs. Ceci est dû au fait que le traducteur, pendant le processus de traduction, est constamment confronté à une syntaxe dans deux directions : la syntaxe de la langue source, d’une part, et la syntaxe de la langue cible, d’autre part. En conséquence, les problèmes dus à des différences syntactiques entre les deux langues doivent nécessairement apparaître de manière plus évidente que ceux provenant de différences entre les syntagmes et éléments lexicaux individuels ou entre les cultures. Dans cet article, la syntaxe sera étudiée et analysée en référence à des textes en chinois, anglais, français, allemand, italien, espagnol, latin et grec. Enfin, il montrera qu’en raison des différences syntactiques surtout, la traduisibilité est plus grande entre deux langues européennes précitées quelles qu’elles soient (qui appartiennent à la famille indo-européenne) qu’entre le chinois (qui appartient à la famille sino-tibétaine) et une quelconque de ces langues européennes. Il montrera que la syntaxe de toute langue européenne peut sans difficulté venir à bout de n’importe quelle syntaxe chinoise, mais que l’inverse n’est pas vrai.

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36

Mosegaard Hansen, Maj-Britt. "Syntax in interaction." Studies in Language 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2001): 463–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.3.04mos.

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This paper investigates the correlation between the form and function of yes/no interrogatives in spoken French. The standard language possesses three ways of constructing such interrogatives: verb-clitic inversion; prefixation of a declarative sentence with the interrogative particle est-ce que; and a rising intonation pattern superposed on a declarative structure. The choice between the three has traditionally been described in terms of register differences. This paper argues, however, that the three constructions differ not only on the pragmatic level, but also on the semantic level, and that the choice between them can be explained, and largely predicted, in terms of three interactional parameters, namely the accessibility of the information contained in the interrogative; participation structure; and considerations of ‘face’.

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37

PUPA, FRANCESCO, and ERIKA TROSETH. "Syntax and Interpretation." Mind & Language 26, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2011.01415.x.

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38

Gussenhoven, Carlos. "Phonology and syntax." Journal of Linguistics 22, no. 2 (September 1986): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010884.

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39

Hudson, Richard, Andrew Rosta, Jasper Holmes, and Nikolas Gisborne. "Synonyms and syntax." Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 2 (September 1996): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015954.

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Анотація:

Recent work in a variety of different theoretical traditions has tended to emphasize the close match between syntax and semantics (Dixon 1991; Langacker 1987, 1990, 1995; Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1991, 1992; Wierzbicka 1988). It is very easy to be left with the impression that, if only we could analyse the relevant syntactic and semantic structures correctly, this match would be total. The following are fairly typical statements:The picture that emerges is that a verb's behavior arises from the interaction of its meaning and general principles of grammar. Thus the lexical knowledge of a speaker of a language must include knowledge of the meaning of individual verbs, the meaning components that determine the syntactic behavior of verbs, and the general principles that determine behavior from verb meaning. (Levin 1993: 11)

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40

MORITA, JUNYA. "The Syntax of Roots and the Roots of Syntax." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 34, no. 1 (2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj.34.1_81.

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41

Sigurðsson, Halldór Ármann. "Universality and variation in language." Lexical Issues in the Architecture of the Language Faculty 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00013.sir.

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Анотація:

Abstract This article discusses language universality and language variation, and suggests that there is no feature variation in initial syntax, featural variation arising by metamorphosis under transfer from syntax to PF-morphology. In particular, it explores the Zero Hypothesis, stating that Universal Grammar, UG, only provides two building elements, Root Zero and Edge Feature Zero, zero, as they are purely structural/formal elements with no semantic content in UG. Their potential content is provided by the Concept Mine, a mind-internal but language-external department. UG and narrow syntax has access to the Concept Mine, and this Syntax-Concept Access is unique to humans, a prerequisite for the evolution of language (Section 1). A related idea (also in Section 1) is coined the Generalized Edge Feature Approach, GEFA. It states that Merge always involves at least one edge feature, which precludes symmetric structures and enables Simplest Merge (no Pair-Merge, no Hilbert epsilon operator). The article advocates that there is no syntactic feature selection (Section 2), all syntactic features being universally accessible in the Concept Mine, via Root Zero and Edge Feature Zero. In contrast, there is feature selection in PF (including morphology), yielding variation (Section 3), Gender being a clear example (Section 4). However, there is a widely neglected syntax-to-PF-morphology metamorphosis (Section 5), such that morphological features like [past] are distinct from albeit related to syntactic features like Speech Time. Parameters operate on selected PF features, and not on purely syntactic features, so parameter setting is plausibly closely tied to the syntax-to-PF-morphology metamorphosis (the concluding Section 6). It is suggested that parameters are on the externalization side of language, part of or related to the sensory-motor system, facilitating motoric learning in language acquisition.

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Porubän, Jaroslav, Michal Forgác, Miroslav Sabo, and Marek Běhálek. "Annotation based parser generator." Computer Science and Information Systems 7, no. 2 (2010): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis1002291p.

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The paper presents innovative parser construction method and parser generator prototype which generates a computer language parser directly from a set of annotated classes in contrast to standard parser generators which specify concrete syntax of a computer language using BNF notation. A language with textual concrete syntax is defined upon the abstract syntax definition extended with annotations in the presented approach. Annotations define instances of concrete syntax patterns in a language. Abstract syntax of a language is inevitable input of the parser generator as well as language's concrete syntax pattern definitions. The process of parser implementation is presented on the concrete computer language - the Simple Arithmetic Language. The paper summarizes results of the studies of implemented parser generator and describes its role in the university courses.

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43

Protsenko, Volodymyr. "Description of the Imperative Programming Language in Haskell." NaUKMA Research Papers. Computer Science 4 (December 10, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3808.2021.4.72-77.

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When creating a programming language, it is necessary to determine its syntax and semantics. The main task of syntax is to describe all constructions that are elements of the language. For this purpose, a specific syntax highlights syntactically correct sequences of characters of the language alphabet. Most often it is a finite set of rules that generate an infinite set of all construction languages, such as the extended Backus-Naur (BNF) form.To describe the semantics of the language, the preference is given to the abstract syntax, which in real programming languages is shorter and more obvious than specific. The relationship between abstract syntax objects and the syntax of the program in compilers solves the parsing phase.Denotational semantics is used to describe semantics. Initially, it records the denotations of the simplest syntactic objects. Then, with each compound syntactic construction, a semantic function is associated, which by denotations of components of a design calculates its value – denotation. Since the program is a specific syntactic construction, its denotation is possible to determine using the appropriate semantic function. Note that the program itself is not executed when calculating its denotation.The denotative description of a programming language includes the abstract syntax of its constructions, denotations – the meanings of constructions and semantic functions that reflect elements of abstract syntax (language constructions) in their denotations (meanings).The use of the functional programming language Haskell as a metalanguage is considered. The Haskell type system is a good tool for constructing abstract syntax. The various possibilities for describing pure functions, which are often the denotations of programming language constructs, are the basis for the effective use of Haskell to describe denotational semantics.The paper provides a formal specification of a simple imperative programming language with integer data, block structure, and the traditional set of operators: assignment, input, output, loop and conditional. The ability of Haskell to effectively implement parsing, which solves the problem of linking a particular syntax with the abstract, allows to expand the formal specification of the language to its implementation: a pure function — the interpreter.The work contains all the functions and data types that make up the interpreter of a simple imperative programming language.

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44

Ananda, M. G. L. "The syntax of the Vedda language." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v7i2.126.

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45

Roberts, Taylor, and Jan van Eijk. "The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax." Language 74, no. 3 (September 1998): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417850.

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Bauer, David W., and John K. Eddy. "The Representation of Command Language Syntax." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 28, no. 1 (February 1986): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088602800101.

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47

M. K., Niharika, and K. S. Prema Rao. "Processing syntax: perspectives on language specificity." International Journal of Neuroscience 130, no. 8 (January 10, 2020): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2019.1707818.

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48

Grohmann, Kleanthes K. "Introducing socio-syntax and language acquisition." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): vii—xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.1.001gro.

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49

Patel, Aniruddh D. "Language, music, syntax and the brain." Nature Neuroscience 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2003): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1082.

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Fischer, Susan D. "Crosslinguistic Variation in Sign Language Syntax." Annual Review of Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 14, 2017): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011516-034150.

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