Дисертації з теми "Synclia"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Synclia.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Synclia".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Mulloy, Rory. "Identification of Transmembrane and Extracellular Host Proteases that Promote Human CoV Entry and Syncytium Formation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42673.
Повний текст джерела
2
Claviere, Mathieu. "Étude de l'autophagie lors d'une co-infection par le virus de la rougeole et Salmonella typhimurium." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le virus de la rougeole est un agent pathogène responsable d’immunosuppressions transitoires mais sévères chez les individus infectés. L’infection par ce virus peut ainsi mener à l’établissement d’infections secondaires opportunistes, souvent décrites chez les patients rougeoleux. Cependant, la contribution du virus de la rougeole sur des infections secondaires à l’échelle de la cellule co-infectée n’a jamais fait l’objet d’études. Notre équipe à précédemment démontré que le virus de la rougeole induit une autophagie productive dans les cellules infectées, requise pour une réplication optimale du virus. À l’opposé, certains pathogènes comme la bactérie Salmonella typhimurium sont restreints par l’autophagie. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier la contribution de l’autophagie sur la prolifération bactérienne en condition de co-infection avec le virus de la rougeole. Au cours du projet, nous avons identifié que dans les cellules co-infectées avec le virus de la rougeole, la bactérie Salmonella typhimurium hyperprolifère. Cette prolifération intense prend place essentiellement dans des cellules multinucléées géantes (syncytia) formées par le virus. En outre, la bactérie, normalement localisée dans une vacuole cellulaire, se localise dans le cytosol de ces syncytia et semble insensible à l’autophagie. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons identifié que le facteur antimicrobien TBK1 pourrait être détourné par l’infection virale, contribuant ainsi à l’échappement de la bactérie à l’autophagie. Ce travail de thèse met ainsi en évidence une nouvelle possibilité d’échappement de bactéries à l’autophagie lors d’une co-infection viraleMeasles virus is a pathogenic agent responsible for transient but severe immunosuppression in infected individuals. The infection can lead to the establishment of secondary infections, frequently described in measles virus infected patients. Nevertheless, Measles virus contribution to secondary infection at cell scale level have never been studied yet. Our team has previously described that Measles virus induce a fully functional autophagy in infected cells, which is mandatory for an efficient viral replication. On the opposite, some pathogens, as the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium are restricted by autophagy. The aim of this PhD project is to study the contribution of autophagy on bacterial proliferation upon Measles virus co-infection at cell level. During this project, we have identified that in Measles virus coinfected cells, Salmonella typhimurium hyperproliferates. This exacerbated proliferation takes place in multinucleated giant cells induced by the virus, which are called syncytia. In addition, the bacteria, which is normally localized in cellular vacuole, is localized directly inside the cytosol of syncytia. Furthermore, cytosolic bacteria appears to be insensitive to autophagy. During this PhD project, we have identified that the cellular factor TBK1 could be hijack by the viral infection. Thus, this could allow the auophagic escape of the bacteria. This study highlight a new opportunity of autophagic escape of bacteria during a viral co-infection
3
Zhang, Li. "The cell wall microstructures of syncytia induced by cyst nematodes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16153/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of specialised feeding structures, termed syncytia, from which they feed within the host roots. The multinucleate syncytium initiates from a single host root cell and expands by the local cell wall dissolution of neighbouring cells. In this study, a set of monoclonal antibodies were applied to reveal the microstructures of syncytial cell walls induced by four economically important cyst nematode species, Globodera pallida, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi, in their respective potato, soybean and wheat host roots. In situ fluorescence analysis revealed that cell walls of syncytia induced by G. pallida and H. glycines share high structural similarity. Both consisted of abundant xyloglucans, methyl-esterified homogalacturonan and pectic arabinans. In contrast, the walls of syncytia induced in wheat roots by H. avenae and H. filipjevi contain much less xyloglucan but are rich in feruloylated and substituted heteroxylans and arabinans, with variable levels of mixed-linkage glucans and galactans. Further investigations were implemented using a range of cell wall related Arabidopsis xyloglucan and pectic arabinan mutants. In situ analysis was applied on those H. schachtii induced syncytia. The results indicated the strong adaptions during the induction and formation of the syncytia while the cell wall composition of the syncytium was stable. Besides, the syncytial wall pectin methyl-esterification status was shown to fluctuate along with the syncytium development in addition to coping with induced PEG-simulated drought stress. Further analysis was carried out on selected pectic homogalacturonan related mutants, and the fluorescence-based quantifications revealed the complexity of the forming and regulating pectin methyl esterification. Transgenic wheat lines with a root-cap-specific promoter were made via biolistics, in the hope of using this system to further investigate the syncytia formed in wheat, which were shown to be different from the other syncytia analysed.
4
Lacek, William Joseph. "Fluid History of the Sideling Hill Syncline, Hancock County, Maryland." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1435009185.
Повний текст джерела
5
Leys, Sally P. "Cytoskeletal architecture, organelle transport, and impulse conduction in hexactinellid sponge syncytia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0007/NQ32755.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
6
Reilly, Mark Robert William. "Deepwater reservoir analogue - bunkers sandstone, donkey bore syncline, Flinders Ranges Australia /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbr362.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
7
Halstead, James Maximilian. "Syncrip regulates mRNA localisation and translation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e9040a3-a9d3-40e9-adf6-d9dae0e9ec09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evidence in different systems suggests that local translation is involved in synaptic plasticity in both neuron and muscle, but the mechanism by which this occurs is still poorly understood. The mRNA-binding protein Syncrip is conserved from fly to mammals and is thought to be involved in localized translation in both oocytes and neurons. Previous work has shown that Syncrip associates with mRNAs encoding key synaptic proteins at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. Here I show that Syncrip is necessary for the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction. First, the loss of Syncrip leads to overgrowth of the neuromuscular junction. Second, Syncrip is required for proper expression of the Ca2+-sensor Synaptotagmin1 at the presynapse, and loss of Syncrip causes a decrease in vesicle release probability. Third, while it was not possible to measure mRNA distribution in neurons, Syncrip mutants, like other perturbations in synaptic plasticity, correlate with changes in mRNA localization in muscle. Fourth, the overexpression and loss of Syncrip function suggest that the nuclear and nucleolar trafficking of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E may be important to regulating synaptic morphology. These data suggest that Syncrip is involved in mRNA localization and translation in synaptic plasticity.
8
Lan, Yan. "Membrane fusion proteins associated with the surface synctial epithelium of Schistosoma mansoni." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ42078.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
9
MERMET, MOUTTET MARIE-PAULE. "Une approche synthetique de la terpestacine, un inhibiteur de formation de syncytia." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nous avons etudie la synthese totale de la terpestacine, un sesterterpene bicyclique isole en 1993 et qui n'a jamais ete synthetise. Notre approche impliquait d'une part la synthese d'un beta-cetophosphonate acyclique a partir de la 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one et d'autre part l'obtention d'un intermediaire cyclopentanique optiquement actif - portant quatre substituants alkyle et une alphadicetone - a partir du (-)-endo-3-bromocamphre. Apres plusieurs tentatives infructueuses, nous sommes parvenus a obtenir la partie acyclique en grande quantite, grace a la variante johnson du rearrangement de claisen. L'obtention d'une partie cyclopentanique incompletement substituee a ete moins difficile, bien qu'il ait fallu d'abord se familiariser avec la chimie de l'endo-3-bromocamphre decrite anterieurement par t. Money (nous avons utilise ici l'enantiomere dextrogyre moins onereux). Une reaction de horner-wadsworth-emmons a permis la connexion des parties acyclique et cyclopentanique par une double liaison trans. Puis la macrocyclisation a ete tentee par une reaction de mcmurry (procedure de furstner) qui a probablement donne une petite quantite de produit attendu, mais qui devra encore etre considerablement amelioree. Parallelement a ces travaux, nous avons egalement etudie la fonctionnalisation de la partie cyclopentanique sur laquelle nous avons reussi a introduire le motif alpha-dicetone. Enfin, nous avons ebauche une deuxieme approche du squelette de la terpestacine a partir de trois precurseurs qui doit culminer dans l'utilisation d'un organobaryen allylique.
10
Dickey, Laura Leigh. "Respiratory synctial virus interactions with host-cell RNA-processing structures and proteins." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10980.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus that causes significant pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are currently neither vaccines nor effective therapies for RSV. As with other viruses, RSV mRNAs are translated using host-cell machinery, rendering the virus subject to cellular factors that regulate mRNA homeostasis. Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (p-bodies) are inter-dependent, stress-response cytoplasmic structures involved in mRNA triage and degradation, respectively. We hypothesized that RSV has evolved to manipulate cellular stress responses in order to facilitate optimal virus propagation. While wild-type (wt) RSV induced SGs in approximately 1% of infected cells, a mutant version of RSV whose Tr region was replaced with an inverted LeC sequence (LeC virus) induced SG formation in approximately 50% to 70% of infected cells. A 12U to A substitution relative to the 5' end of the LeC virus abrogated SG induction. Mixed-infection studies showed that wt RSV was able to prevent LeC-mediated SG induction. Unlike Sendai virus, RSV-mediated prevention of SG formation was independent of SG-associated t-cell intracellular antigen related (TIAR) protein. RSV infection altered neither the number nor distribution of p-bodies; however, p-body-associated decapping protein 1 (dcp1) was phosphorylated throughout RSV infection via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. RSV-mediated dcp1 phosphorylation was limited to serine 315, serine 319, and threonine 321. Dcp1 phosphorylation occurred in response to some, but not all, environmental stresses, and dcp1 was not phosphorylated during infection with HIV-1, measles, mumps, or canine distemper virus. Overexpression of dcp1 significantly attenuated RSV cytopathic effects, and preliminary data suggested that dcp1 phosphorylation regulated RSV-induced interleukin-8 production. Finally, an antibody toward cellular SG- and p-body-associated, RNA-binding protein p54 was able to recognize a subset of RSV nucleoprotein (N). p54 and RSV N contain a similar amino acid sequence motif, suggesting that they may have similar or competing activities that are important during RSV replication. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RSV can manipulate cellular RNA-processing structures and proteins to facilitate viral propagation.
11
Turner, Bronwyn Louise. "Cambrian black shales in the Karinya Syncline : stratigraphic distribution, sedimentology and kerogen composition /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbt944.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
12
Yao, Yujing [Verfasser]. "Influence of sialic acid modification on HIV GP120 binding and Syncytia formation / Yujing Yao." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176639129/34.
Повний текст джерела
13
EL, HANNANI MUSTAPHA. "Le piemont du versant sud du haut-atlas central (synclinal de ouarzazate) : etude geomorphologique." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le piemont du bassin de ouarzazate constitue l'unite centrale d'une serie de bassins neogenes (souss a l'ouest et irrachidia au nord-est) qui jalonnent le versant sud du haut- atlas central qui correspond a la principale composante de la chaine alpine. L'etude geomorphologique de son piemont s'inscrit dans la continuite d'une serie d'etudes concernant les zones avoisinantes. Le piemont de ouarzazate a fait l'objet de plusieurs campagnes du terrain destinees a la realisation d'une carte geomorphologique, qui a constituee le principal outil de travail. Elle a permis de mettre en evidence des disparites liees a l'interference de facteurs tectonique et climatique. Le prolongement de la tectonique atlasique jusqu'au quaternaire recent s'est traduit differemment a chaque etape de l'evolution geomorphologique quaternaire, surtout par d'importantes decharges detritiques. L'edification de glacis etages tres etendus est etroitement liee a l'accumulation. La couverture de ces glacis est dominee par du materiel grossier consolide en de veritables dalles encroutees qui se terminent a differents endroits par des croutes calcaires. Ces caracteristiques sedimentologiques et l'agencement de ces depots demontrent que la tectonique reste le moteur principal, mais pas l'unique facteur, dans l'evolution geomorphologique du piemont. Le piemont du bassin de ouarzazate presente un paysage dont le trait commun est l'aridite. Le deficit hydrique est permanent et les ressources en eau sont tres limitees. Cette rarete de l'eau et l'exiguite des espaces utiles conditionnent l'organisation sociale et les systemes d'exploitation. Le reseau hydrographique a ete utilise comme indicateur structural, avec pour objectif l'identification de la structure profonde du bassin. Associee a d'autres informations (image satellite,. . . ) cette approche permettra de mieux identifier des nappes aquiferes potentiellesThe piedmont of the ouarzazate basin is the central unity of a neogen basins series (souss the west and irrachidia to the north-east) laying out the central high atlas south slope which corresponds to the main element of the alpine chain. The geomorphologic study of this piedmont is included in a series of studies concerning neighbouring zones. We have made several field works to draw a geomorphologic map which was the main too this study. It shows disparities between the east and west of the basin in relation to tectonic and climatic factors. The continuation of the atlasic tectonic evolution until recent quaternary had different traduction in each quaternary geomorphologic evolution stage, but the main was important detritic discharges. Accumulation has defined the built of very large stepped glacis. They are mostly covered by coarse material consolidated in real encrusted flag, somewhere topped by a calcrete. These sedimentologic characteristics and the disposition of the deposits shows that tectonic is the main factor, but not the only, in the geomorphologic evolution of the piedmont aridity is the characteristic common at the whole ouarzazate basin piedmont. The water deficit is continuous and water ressources are limited. This water rarity and the exiguity of agricultural areas induce the specific social organization and exploitation systems of this region. The drainage pattern has been used as structural indicator to identify the deep structure of the basin. In association with other informations (satellite images) we should identify potential aquifer waters
14
Crasquin-Soleau, Sylvie. "Les ostracodes dinantiens du synclinal de Laval et du synclinorium de Namur (systématique - biostratigraphie - paléoécologie)." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les ostracodes dinantiens découverts appartiennent à 175 espèces. 70 espèces sont reconnues en Ardenne et 115 dans le massif armoricain : 8 espèces sont communes. La systématique représente la partie la plus importante de ce travail : 104 espèces sont décrites. Les répartitions sont données pour les autres espèces. 11 espèces sont nouvelles. Les paléomilieux sont caractérisés par l'étude des relations d'abondance existant entre les superfamilles. Les caractéristiques paléoécologiques sont données pour chaque coupe ainsi que leur évolution le long de celle-ci. Des comparaisons sont réalisées entre les deux régions différentes périodes. Les affinités paléoécologiques des healdiacea sont précisées
15
Owen, Geoffrey J. "Geology of the Kranzberg syncline and emplacement controls of the Usakos pegmatite field, Damara belt, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MSc (Earth Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Central Zone (CZ) of the Damara belt in central Namibia is underlain by voluminous Pan-African granites and is host to numerous pegmatite occurrences, some of which have economic importance and have been mined extensively. This study discusses the occurrence, geometry, relative timing and emplacement mechanisms for the Usakos pegmatite field, located between the towns of Karibib and Usakos and within the core of the regional-scale Kranzberg syncline. Lithological mapping of the Kuiseb Formation in the core of the Kranzberg syncline identified four litho-units that form an up to 800 m thick succession of metaturbidites describing an overall coarsening upward trend. This coarsening upwards trend suggests sedimentation of the formation’s upper parts may have occurred during crustal convergence and basin closure between the Kalahari and Congo Cratons, rather than during continued spreading as previously thought. The Kranzberg syncline is a regional-scale NW verging, NE-SW trending, strongly non-cylindrical structure that consists of a moderately SE dipping, normal NW limb and a steep- to overturned SE limb. First- and lower-order folds show relatively consistent E - SE plunges at moderate angles and stretching lineations and boudinage of competent layers point to a fold-parallel stretch during folding. Folding is associated with a moderate- to steep SE dipping transecting foliation that shows a consistent anticlockwise rotation with respect to the axial plane of the fold. The transecting cleavage and a component of non-coaxial shear along the overturned limb suggest that folding was accomopanied by a dextral component of shear thought to be related to the SW-directed extrusion of the adjacent Usakos dome during regional NW-SE directed shortening. It is further suggested that the Kranzberg syncline evolved within the overall regional pattern of regional dome and syncline structures in the sCZ, and not as a forced fold in response to the formation of neighbouring dome structures. Based on cross-cutting relationships and deformation, four main generations of bedding-concordant sills and bedding-discordant pegmatite dykes were identified. Along the normal limb, shallowly-dipping sills dominate, highlighting the significance of bedding anisotropies for sheet propagation. Along the overturned limb, interconnected dyke and sill geometries co-exist. Here, pegmatite emplacement appears to have been influenced by (1) the regional strain, (2) differing wall rock rheologies; (3) the orientation of pre-existing anisotropies; and (4) driving melt pressures. Dykes within the Usakos pegmatite field formed within dilational sites, at high angles to the regional stretch, whereas sills formed at high angles to the regional shortening strain and in contractional sites. Where driving pressures for melt ascent were high enough, an interconnectivity of dykes and sills and subsequent melt transfer from contractional into dilational sites is developed. Where melt pressures dropped below a critical value pegmatites were arrested, thus preserving the ascent pathways of the melts. These complex intersecting melt pathways are developed throughout the Kranzberg syncline. This suggests the existence of fairly stable melt networks in the continental crust. This geometrical complexity also accounts for the stockwork-like structures observed in pegmatite fields.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Sentrale Sone (CZ) van die Damara gordel in sentrale Namibië is onder lê deur volumineuse Pan-Afrikaanse graniete en speel gasheer vir talle pegmatiet voorkomste, waarvan party van ekonomiese belang is en is ekstensief ontgin. Hierdie studie bespreek die voorkoms, geometrie, relatiewe tydsberekening en inplasing meganismes vir die Usakos pegmatiet gebied, wat tussen die stede van Karibib en Usakos en wat binne die kern van die regionale-skaal Kranzberg sinklien geleë is. Litologiese kartering van die Kuiseb Formasie in die kern van die Kranzberg sinklien het vier lito-eenhede geidentifiseer. Hierdie eenhede, wat saam tot 'n 800 m dik opeenvolging van metaturbidiete vorm, beskryf ‘n algemene opwaartse vergrowwing neiging. Hierdie tendens dui aan dat sedimentasie van die Formasie se boonste dele tydens die aardkorst konvergensie en kom sluiting tussen die Kalahari en die Kongo kratons voorgekom het, eerder as in 'n oseaanvloerverbreiding omgewing soos voorheen gedink was. Die Kranzberg sinklien is 'n regionale-skaal struktuur met ‘n NW vergensie, ‘n NOSW koersing, wat sterk nie-silindries is en wat uit 'n matige SO helling, normale NW flank en 'n steil-tot omgeslaande SO flank bestaan. Eerste-en laer-orde plooie vertoon relatief konsekwent matige O - SO duikings en strek lineasies en boudinage van kompetent lae dui 'n plooi parallel strek tydens plooiing aan. Plooiing is geassosieer met 'n ongeveer aksiale planêre, matig- tot steil SO helling foliasie wat omstandig waargeneem word om 'n konsekwente antikloksgewyse rotasie met betrekking tot die aksiale vlak van die plooi te hê. Hierdie antikloksgewyse rotasie is ‘n bewyse vir 'n komponent van nie-koaksiale regse skuifskeur deur die omgekeerde flank en dui dit ook aan dat 'n regse komponent van skeer gedurend of na plooiing plaasgevind het. Daar is gedink dat die regse komponent van skeur in verband met die laterale, SW-gerig extrusie van die aangrensende Usakos koepel gedurende plaaslike NW-SO verkorting ontwikkel het. Dit is verder voorgestel dat die Kranzberg sinklien binne die totale patroon van plaaslike koepel en sinklien strukture in die sCZ geontwikkel het, en nie as 'n gedwonge plooi in reaksie op die formasie van die naburige koepel strukture (bv. Usakos koepel). Gebaseer op kruis-sny verhoudings en deformasie, was vier generasies van gelaagdheid-konkordant plate en gelaagdheid-diskordant pegmatiet dyke geïdentifiseer. In die normale flank, vlak-helling plate oorheers, wat die belangerikheid van die laagvlak-anisotropiese op plaat voortplanting beklemtoon. In die steil, omgekeerde flank, bestaan onderlinge verbinde dyk en plaat geometrië gelyktydig. Hier is pegmatiet inplasing blykbaar beïnvloed deur (1) die regionale span; (2) verskillende wandgesteentes reologië; (3) die oriëntasies van anisotropie (ie. gelaagdheid ); en (4) smeltsel druk. Dyke in die Usakos pegmatiet gebied het binne dilatasionele liggings, teen hoë hoeke aan die regionale strek gevorm, terwyl plate teen hoë hoeke aan die plaaslike verkorting span en in kontraksionele liggings gevorm het. Waar smeltsel druk hoog genoeg was, is 'n onderlinge verbinding van dyke en plate, en die daaropvolgende smeltsel oordrag van kontraksionele liggings na dilatasionele liggings behou. In teenstelling, waar smeltsel druk onder 'n kritieke waarde geval het, word die pegmatiete geblokeer, en dus kan die behoude smeltsel styging paaie waargeneem word. Hierdie snyende smeltsel geometrië, in beide kontraksionele en dilatasionele liggings dui aan dat redelik stabiele smeltsel netwerke in die kontinentale kors kan bestaan en verder kan en verklaar die algemene stokwerk-agtige strukture wat in pegmatiet velde van ander mid-korstige omgewings waargeneem word.
16
Roma, Nuñez Maria. "Formation and subsequent inversion of extensional salt-detached ramp-syncline basins developed above ramp-flatramp faults." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672461.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The widespread extensional deformation that took place during Jurassic to Cretaceous times in Western Europe and the North Atlantic margin resulted in the formation of several rift systems. Some of the resulting basins associated with these rifts show broad synclines detached on pre- or synkinematic Permian or Triassic salts and filled by thick sedimentary successions. They are rarely fault bounded, instead they are bounded by salt structures that are generally parallel to the major subsalt structures. As such, the formation of these extensional systems requires the presence of i) a subsalt extensional fault with significant dip changes and ii) an evaporitic unit above the extensional fault, which partially or completely decouples the suprasalt basin from the subsalt extensional fault. Moreover, the complexity of these scenarios further increases when some of these basins, during latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic times, were partially inverted or incorporated into fold-and-thrust belt.Synclinal basins have a significant exploration potential when their extensional geometry is preserved and when they have undergone positive tectonic inversion. However, in some cases, their subsalt geometry may not be fully recognizable, especially when the imaging of the subsalt seismic data is poor. The shape and kinematics of such faults have usually been established using the architecture of synkinematic units and by assuming complete coupling of the hangingwall rocks. Therefore, there are fault interpretations that do not consider the role of deep salt layers, which clearly act as an effective detachment, decoupling sub- and suprasalt deformations.This thesis provides a review of the formation and evolution extensional synclinal basins and an overview of the widespread-recognized salt-detached ramp-syncline basins. To obtain a deeper understanding of the geometry and kinematic evolution of these salt- detached ramp-syncline basins, the principal aim of this thesis is to decipher the factors that are involved in the development of these basins during both extension and inversion.To achieve this goal we carried out a deep investigation about the state of the art of extensional analog models, then we performed two experimental programs consisting in different sandbox models. The experimental results, together with the new used analytic tools, reveal that the kinematic evolution of the salt-detached ramp-syncline basins during extension and inversion depends on the interaction of different factors that may function simultaneously. Our results show that the main structure formed at the end of the extension is a salt-detached ramp-syncline. Its formation and evolution not only depends on the subsalt fault type and geometry, but also on the subsalt fault displacement, salt migration, salt thickness and degree of decoupling. In addition, the inversion of these salt-detached ramp- syncline basins is also controlled by syninversion sedimentation, erosion and the kinematics of the inherited extensional and salt structures (or its equivalent welding). The inversion of these basins resulted in a major thick-skinned fault-bend anticline with thin-skinned contractional structures.Our results are used to improve the interpretation of the Mesozoic Columbrets Basin (Western Mediterranean) and serve a guide for seismic sections of inverted Mesozoic salt- detached ramp-syncline basins on the Atlantic margins, where subsalt faults are not well- imaged, and thus the suprasalt geometries must be used to infer the subsalt structure.L’extensió Juràssica – Cretàcica Inferior que va tenir lloc a l’Europa Occidental i al marge Nord Atlàntic va resultar en la formació de nombrosos sistemes de rift. Les conques associades a aquests rifts es mostres com a sinclinals amples, reomplerts per grans successions sedimentaries i desenganxats a un nivell salí (Pèrmic o Triàsic Superior). Aquestes conques rarament estan directament associades a falles, en canvi es troben limitades per estructures salines que generalment son paral∙leles a les estructures del basament. Per tant, la formació d’aquests sistemes extensionals requereix la presencia de i) una falla de basament extensiva amb diferents cabussaments i ii) una unitat evaporítica a sobre d’aquesta falla, la qual genera un desacoblament parcial o total respecte la conca i la falla extensiva. A més a més, la complexitat d’aquests contextos geològics augmenta quan algunes d’aquestes conques es troben parcialment invertides o fins i tot incorporades en cinturons de plecs i encavalcament durant el Cretaci Superior i Cenozoic.Les dades sísmiques i de camp permeten precisar la geometria d’aquestes conques sinclinals, però no la de les falles extensionals que las van originar. La geometria i la cinemàtica de las falles extensives associades ha aquestes conques, normalment s’ha establert utilitzant la geometria dels materials més superficials i assumint un acoblament total entre el basament i la cobertora. Aquestes interpretacions no consideren el paper que pot juga un nivell salí profund que clarament desacobla la deformació entre el basament i la cobertora.L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi es investigar els principals factors que controlen la formació i evolució de les conques sinclinals, utilitzant com a eina principal la modelització analògica. Per assolir aquest objectiu s’ha realitzat una revisió sobre conques sinclinals i una revisió de models analògics extensius realitzats fins ara. A partir d’aquests antecedents s’han realitzat dos programes experimentals. Els resultats d’aquests mostren com la formació i evolució de les conques sinclinals depenen de diversos factors que actuen simultàniament durant l’extensió i la posterior inversió.Aquesta tesi es pot utilitzar com a guia per reduir les incertes durant la interpretació de la geometria del basament associat a conques sinclinals desenvolupades en contextos salins, sobretot en els casos on les dades sísmiques disponibles no tenen bona resolució i cal utilitzar la geometria de la cobertora per reconèixer l’estructura del basament.
17
Roulin, François. "L'Eocène continental du synclinal d'Apt (Vaucluse, sud-est de la France) : enchaînements silcrete-calcrete et argilogenèse." Lyon 1, 1985. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans le bassin d' Apt, la série détritique continentale paléocène-éocène est représentée par des sables colorés azoïques, "pro parte" conglomératiques : à la base, l'ensemble inférieur d'âge paléocène à éocène inférieur, vers le haut, l'ensemble supérieur d'âge éocène s. L. Les ensembles inférieur et supérieur montrent une évolution verticale nette des populations argileuses. A cette argilogenèse se superposent deux phases d'altération de surface, la première phase est silicifiante, la deuxième phase est calcitisante. L'alternance de ces transformations avec des phases de dépôts détritiques en contexte de reactivation tectonique a permis de definir des cycles sédimentation-encroutements qui s'installent à l' éocène moyen dans le sud-est de la France.
18
Crasquin-Soleau, Sylvie. "Les Ostracodes dinantiens du synclinal de Laval et du synclinorium de Namur systématique, biostratigraphie, paléo-écologie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596928c.
Повний текст джерела
19
Roulin, François. "L'Eocène continental du synclinal d' Apt (Vaucluse, Sud-ouest de la France): enchaînements silcrete-calcrete et argilogenèse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans le bassin d' Apt, la série détritique continentale paléocène-éocène est représentée par des sables colorés azoïques, "pro parte" conglomératiques : à la base, l'ensemble inférieur d'âge paléocène à éocène inférieur, vers le haut, l'ensemble supérieur d'âge éocène s.l. Les ensembles inférieur et supérieur montrent une évolution verticale nette des populations argileuses. A cette argilogenèse se superposent deux phases d'altération de surface, la première phase est silicifiante, la deuxième phase est calcitisante. L'alternance de ces transformations avec des phases de dépôts détritiques en contexte de réactivation tectonique a permis de définir des cycles sédimentation-encroutements qui s'installent à l' éocène moyen dans le sud-est de la France.
20
El, Khalki Yahia. "Etude hydrogéomorphologique du Haut-Sebou : cas du synclinal de Skoura et de ses bordures (Moyen Atlas, Maroc)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'etude hydrogeomorphologique du haut-sebou perlet de degager un certain nombres d'indications : -sur le plan geomorphologique, la cuvette de skoura a connu une evolution morphogenetique tout a fait remarcable. Au miocene, elle a piege des sedients friables (marnes et gres) et au cours du quaternaire, elle a ete modelee en une serie de glacis-terrasses etages. Quant aux formes karstiques, leur presence est plus discrete puisqu'on rencontre que les formes superficielles (lapie, vasque de dissolution, depression nivo-karstiques et polje). Toutes ces formes karstiques temoignent d'une longue evolution crypto-karstique. -sur le plan hydrologique, l'o. Sebou a ain timadrine a un regime mediterraneen de type plivio-nival influence par le karst. Trois facies chimiques ont ete deceles : bicarbonate- calcique, bicarbonate-magnesien et bicarbonate chlorure-sodique. L'homothermie des eaux des sources et la constance de leurs elements chimiques montrent l'importance des reserves de l'aquifere de lias du moyen atlas qui se classe parmi les systemes karstiques complexes.
21
Symeonides, Menelaos. "HIV-1-Induced Cell-Cell Fusion: Host Regulation And Consequences For Viral Spread." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a human retrovirus of the lentivirus subgroup which primarily infects T cells and macrophages, and causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV-1 has caused a global pandemic which is still responsible for over one million deaths per year, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.
HIV-1 has been the subject of intense study for over three decades, which has resulted not only in major advances in cell biology, but also in numerous drug treatments that effectively control the infection. However, cessation of treatment always results in reemergence of the infection due to the ability of HIV-1 (and other lentiviruses) to establish a persistent quiescent infection known as latency. The elimination of latently-infected cells is the primary goal of current research towards a cure for HIV-1, alongside efforts to develop vaccines, which have thus far been fruitless.
The spread of HIV-1 to susceptible target cells (which express the receptor CD4 and a co-receptor; CXCR4 or CCR5) can take place when antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, capture virus particles and then pass them on to target cells, without themselves becoming infected. Alternatively, productively infected T cells or macrophages can spread HIV-1 either by shedding virus particles to the milieu, which are then stochastically acquired by target cells, or through transient contacts between infected and uninfected cells known as virological synapses (VSs). VS-mediated cell-to-cell transmission is thought to be highly efficient due to the release of virus directly onto (or very near to) a target cell, and some evidence suggests that the VS is a privileged site which allows the virus to evade neutralizing antibodies and drugs. However, and most importantly, it is of central interest to us because the same transient cell adhesions that facilitate virus transfer can also result in the fusion of the two cells to form a syncytium, due to the presence of the viral fusogen Env and its receptor and co-receptor on either side of the VS. While T cell syncytia can be found in vivo, they remain small, and it appears that the majority of VSs resolve without fusion.
The regulation of HIV-1-induced cell-cell fusion and the fate of those syncytia are the focus of the work presented here. A family of host transmembrane proteins, the tetraspanins, which regulate cell-cell fusion in other contexts (e.g. the fusion of myoblasts to form and maintain myotubes), were found to inhibit HIV-1-induced cell-cell fusion. Our investigations have further characterized this regulation, concluding that tetraspanins allow cells to reach the fusion intermediate known as hemifusion before their ability to repress fusion takes effect. In parallel, because syncytia are nevertheless found both in infected individuals and in a humanized mouse model for HIV-1, we also became interested in whether small T cell-based syncytia were able to participate in HIV-1 spread by transmitting virus to target cells. Using a simple three dimensional in vitro culture system which closely recapitulates those in situ observations, we found that small syncytia can contact target cells and transmit virus without fusing with them. Overall, these studies further our understanding of HIV-1-induced syncytia and reveal a previously unrecognized role for these entities as active participants in HIV-1 spread.
22
Haddoumi, Hamid. "Les couches rouges (bathonien à barrémien) du synclinal des ait attab (haut atlas, Maroc) : Étude sédimentologique et stratigraphique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Étude des couches rouges du synclinal des Ait Attab, Haut Atlas central du Maroc. Après avoir précisé le cadre stratigraphique de l'étude, on décrit une série de coupes géologiques : l'étude des lithofacies, des séquences sédimentaires, des structures et du contenu faunique permet de proposer des interprétations concernant les milieux de dépôts. On précise l'inventaire faunique des formations étudiées ainsi que leur implication
23
Haddoumi, Hamid. "Les Couches rouges, Bathonien à Barrémien, du synclinal des Aït Attab, Haut Atlas central, Maroc étude sédimentologique et stratigraphique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614132f.
Повний текст джерела
24
Benjelloul, Moussa. "Etude du milieu naturel et de l'impact anthropique dans le bassin synclinal d'Ai͏̈n Nokrah et la haute plaine du Guigou." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le bassin synclinal d'ain-nekrah et la plaine du guigou font partie du domaine de l'accident nord-moyen-atlasique (a. N. M. A. ) et constituent un geosysteme karstique. Des rejeux neo-tectoniques sont mis en evidence. Une place importante a ete consacree a l'etude des formes karstiques dans les calcaires dolomitiques et gypses, et des depressions volcane-karstiques. Dans la plaine du guigou, on montre une importante phase d'ablation entre le. Remblaiement villafranchien et les basaltes; elle a servi de piege aux formations quaternaires, dont les calcaires travertineux. Apres l'etude des conditions climatiques, specialement des precipitations, et de la couverture vegetale, on etudie les ecoulements perennes et temporaires dans les 2 bassins-versants de l'o. Guigou et le l'o. Fellat. Les aquiferes karstiques sont partielloempent soutires vers les sources de l'oum er rbia; mais la puissante source de tit-zill, drainant l'aquifere basaltique, alimente l'oued guigou: c'est la prinicipale ressource en eau de la plaine d'almis. Dans l'ensemble, les eaux sont tres mineralisees (teneurs de 343 a 1126 mg 1) on a particulierement etudie l'impact de la degradation des forets et de l' elevage ovin dans l'activation de certains processus d'erosion: decapage de sols sur les reliefs, particulierement dans les terrains marneux et gypseux ecoulements terrestiels, transports solides, sapement des berges etc. Leurs consequences sont nefastes pour l'agriculture de la plaine d'almisTHE SYNCLINAL BASIN OF AIN-NEKRAH AND THE FLAT COUNTRY OF GUIGOU ARE PART OF THE AREA OF THE NORTH MIDDLE ATLAS FAULT (N. M. A. U. ), CONSTITUTING A KARSTIC GEOSYSTEM. WE CAN BRING INTO EVIDENCE NUMEROUS TECTONIC GAMES, AND THE NEOTECTONIC ACTIVITY. IN IMPORTANT SPACE IN OUR research HARE BEEN DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF KARSTIC FORMS IN LIMESTONES AND DOLOMITES, AND IN GYPSUM AREAS, AS WELL AS VOLCANOKARSTIC DEPRESSIONS. IN THE GUIGOU PLAIN, WE SHOW AN IMPORTANT PHASE OF ABLATION, BETWEEN FILLING IN THE VILLAFRANCHIAN AND THE BASALT. THE PLAIN OF GUIGOU HAS SERVED AS A TRAP TO THE QUATERNARY FORMATIONS, PARTICULARLY LACUSTRINES TRAVERTINES. AFTER THE STUDY OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, ESPECIALLY IN THE SPATIAL REPARTITION OF RAINS AND OF THE VEGETAL COVERING, WE STUDY CONTINUOUS AND TEMPERARY FLOW IN THE TWO BASINS OF O. GUIGOU AND O. FELLAT. THE KARSTIC GROUNDWATER ARE PARTIALLY SUBTITLED TOWARDS THE SPINGS OF THE OUM ER RBIA; BUT THE STRONG SPRING OF TIT ZILL DRAINS THE BASSALTIC GROUNDWATER, FEEDS THE O. GUIGOU: IT IS THE PRINCIPAL RESOURCE OF WATER IN THE PLAIN OF ALMIS. WATERS ARE MUCH MINERALISED, WITH 3643 TO 1126 MG. L 1. WE HAVE PARTICULARLY STUDIED THE IMPACT OF DEGRADATION OF FOREST AND OF CATTLE BREEDING IN THE ACTIVATING OF CERTAIN PROCESSES OF EROSION (TORRENTIAL FLOWING,ETC)
25
Elobeid, Adila. "Altered proteins in the aging brain." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The classification of neurodegenerative disorders is based on the major component of the protein aggregates in the brain. The most common altered proteins associated with neurodegeneration are Hyperphosphorylated tau (HPt), beta amyloid (Aβ), alpha-synclein (αS) and transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43). In this study we assessed the incidence and the neuroanatomical distribution of proteins associated with neurodegeneration in the brain tissue of cognitively unimpaired subjects. We demonstrated the early involvement of the Locus Coeruleus (LC) with HPt pathology in cognitively unimpaired mid aged subjects, a finding which supports the notion that LC is an initiation site of HPt pathology. This may suggest that development of clinical assessment techniques and radiological investigations reflecting early LC alterations may help in identifying subjects with early stages of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we studied a large cohort of cognitively unimpaired subjects with age at death ≥50 years and we applied the National Institute on Aging –Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Association (NIA-AA) guidelines for the assessment of AD related neuropathological changes. Interestingly, a considerable percentage of the subjects were classified as having an intermediate level of AD pathology. We also showed that the altered proteins; HPt , Aβ, αS, and TDP43 are frequently seen in the brain of cognitively unimpaired subjects with age at death ≥50 years, the incidence of these proteins increased significantly with age. This finding suggests that neurodegeneration has to be extensive to cause functional disturbance and clinical symptoms. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between AD related pathology in cortical biopsies, the AD / cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and the Mini Mental State examination (MMSE) scores in a cohort of idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients. We demonstrated that AD/ CSF biomarkers and MMSE scores reflect AD pathology in the cortical biopsies obtained from iNPH patients. In conclusion, this study shows that the altered proteins associated with neurodegeneration are frequently seen in the brain tissue of cognitively unimpaired aged subjects. This fact should be considered while developing diagnostic biomarkers for identification of subjects at early stages of the disease, in order to introduce therapeutic intervention prior to the occurrence of significant cognitive impairment.
26
Baena, José [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Gaupp, and Jonas [Akademischer Betreuer] Kley. "3D-Facies and Reservoir Modelling of the Buntsandstein Reservoirs of the northwestern Thuringian Syncline / José Baena. Gutachter: Reinhard Gaupp ; Jonas Kley." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017972060/34.
Повний текст джерела
27
Bozetti, Guilherme. "Stratigraphy and architecture of a coarse-grained deep-water system within the Cretaceous Cerro Toto formation, Silla Syncline area, southern Chile." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile, is characterised by thinbedded turbidites that envelope a series of coarse-grained, confined slope complex systems, interpreted as part of the Lago Sofia Member. This deep-water slope system overlies basin floor sheets of the Punta Barrosa Formation, and is overlain by the sand-filled slope channels of the Tres Pasos Formation. Particularly distinctive beds, known as TEDs (transitional event deposits), are up to 40 m thick, laterally extensive, have prominent fluted bases, and have a vertical fabric starting with (1) a thin, inversely-graded, clast-supported base; then (2) a normally-graded and clastsupported interval; (3) an increasingly sand and clay matrix-supported conglomerate, with (4) a progressive upwards increase in matrix and normally grading, both in the floating gravel clast and matrix grain sizes, towards the top; and (5) a co-genetic sandstone on top. In the Cerro Toro formation, these TEDs tend to occur as multiple beds in the initial phases of deposition of each channel complex system. The TEDs are highly aggradational, slightly more amalgamated in the channel-axis, and more layered towards the margins. The fabric of these spectacular event beds is described in some detail from measured sections, combined with petrographic analysis and high-resolution field mapping. The 4 km x 200 m channel systems are contained within topographically irregular bathymetric lows that formed sediment pathways, interpreted to be either the result of slope deformation, or contained by poorly preserved, tectonically disrupted or slumped external levee. Syn-sedimentary tectonism is interpreted to be responsible for sharp changes in the system's architecture from channels to ponds, marked by a sharp change in lithofacies from dominantly conglomerates to dominantly sandstones. A refined architectural analysis is proposed, focusing on the recurrent pattern of at least 5 cycles of conglomerate-filled channel systems – ponded sheet sandstones.
28
Gubinelli, Francesco. "Evaluation of an In Situ Polymerizing Hydrogel Scaffold as a Brain Delivery System for Parkinson’s Disease therapeutics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est la deuxième maladie neurodégénérative la plus répandue. Elle touche 0,3% de la population en général, avec un taux croissant de 1 à 2% chez les personnes de plus de 65 ans. À l’heure actuelle, le seul traitement pharmacologique disponible (L-Dopa) consiste à réduire la sévérité des symptômes moteurs. Plusieurs approches expérimentales sont actuellement à l‘étude pour tenter de ralentir la progression de la maladie, ou réduire à long terme la sévérité des symptômes, mais avec un succès limité.La transplantation cellulaire a déjà montré des effets encourageant dans les modèles animaux et en clinique, mais elle présente également plusieurs limites, notamment la faible survie des cellules greffées, une forte réponse immunitaire conduisant au rejet de la greffe.Les biomatériaux sont des matériaux utilisés et adaptés à des applications médicales. Ils sont conçus pour interagir avec différents systèmes biologiques. Parmi ceux-ci, les hydrogels à base de collagène ont attiré l'attention ces dernières années dans le domaine de la médecine régénérative et de la greffe cellulaire, largement utilisés pour la greffe de peau et la cicatrisation des plaies, la régénération de la moelle épinière, la réparation des os et des tendons. À ce jour, cette approche prometteuse n'a encore été étudiée que très rarement in vivo pour les maladies neurodégénératives telles que la MP. Dans ce travail, nous avons développé un modèle pertinent de la MP pour les rongeurs, capable de montrer une dégénérescence progressive des neurones DA dans la SNpc. En utilisant un vecteur viral adéno-associé (AAV), nous avons surexprimé le domaine C-terminal de la forme LRRK2 mutée (G2019S) avec ou sans α-synucléine mutée (α-synA53T) dans la SNpc. Nos résultats ont montré que, alors que LRRK2G2019S seule ne produisait aucune toxicité, l’α-syn co-exprimé avec LRRK2G2019S produisait une plus grande perte de neurones DA dans la SNpc par rapport à l’α-synA53T seule. La toxicité de l'a-syn est probablement facilitée par l'activité kinase du LRRK2 mutant par le biais d'un mécanisme « cell-autonomous ». Une fois que le modèle neurodégénératif de la maladie de Parkinson a été développé et prêt à tester le potentiel du bio-polymère de collagène en tant que système d'administration, nous avons procédé à la caractérisation de l'échafaud en hydrogel. En utilisant l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) à champ élevé (11,7 T) et l'analyse histologique, nous avons caractérisé notre hydrogel à base de collagène après polymérisation in vitro et, in vivo, après injection intracérébrale chez le rat. Nos résultats indiquent que les hydrogels à base de collagène peuvent être injectés dans le cerveau sans effets délétères majeurs et que l'IRM est un outil de choix pour le suivi direct et non invasif de la polymérisation et de la greffe d'hydrogel de collagène. L'hydrogel de collagène a montré une réponse immunitaire transitoire et limitée essentiellement localisée autour du site d'injection.Ces résultats suggèrent que notre hydrogel à base de collagène qui polymérise in situ pourrait être utilisé en toute sécurité comme système d'administration intracérébrale de cellules et / ou de molécules trophiques et/ou neuroprotectrices pour la MPParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 0.3% of general population, with an increasing rate of 1 to 2% in persons over 65. At the moment the only available pharmacological treatment (L-Dopa) focuses on mitigating symptoms; nowadays treatments to slow down the disease’s progression, or suppress symptoms on the long term remain to be validated.Cellular transplantation had showed encouraging results, but it has some limitation, including the poor survival of the grafted cells, strong immune response and rejection of the graft. Biomaterials are materials used and adapted for medical applications and are designed to interact with different biological systems. Among them, collagen-based hydrogels recently gained attention in the field of regenerative medicine and cellular transplantation, being widely used for skin graft and wound healing, spinal cord regeneration, bones and tendon repair. To date, such promising approach has not been often investigated in vivo for neurodegenerative diseases as PD.In this work we developed a rodent relevant model of PD that is able to show a progressive neurodegeneration of DA neurons in the SNpc. Using adeno-associated viral vector (AAV), we overexpressed the C-terminal domain of mutated LRRK2 form (LRRK2G2019S) with or without mutant α-synuclein (α-synA53T) in the SNpc. Our results showed that, while LRRK2G2019S alone did not produce any toxicity, α-synA53T co-expressed with LRRK2 G2019S produced a greater loss of dopaminergic cells in the SNpc. α-synA53T toxicity is likely to be facilitated by the kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 through a cell autonomous mechanism.Once the neurodegenerative rat model of PD was developed and ready for testing the potential of the collagen scaffold as a delivery system, we proceeded with characterization of the hydrogel scaffold. Using high field (11.7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological analysis we characterized our collagen-based hydrogel after in vitro and, in vivo polymerization after intracerebral injection in rats.Our results indicate that collagen-based hydrogels can be safely injected into the brain without any major adverse effect and that MRI is a tool of choice for a direct and non-invasive in vivo follow-up of collagen hydrogel polymerization and grafting in the brain. The collagen scaffold showed a transitory and limited immune response localized around the site of injection.This results suggest that our in-situ polymerizing collagen-based hydrogel could be safely employed as a delivery system for cells and/or molecules during neuronal transplantation
29
Beyer, Daniel [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Gaupp, and Jonas [Akademischer Betreuer] Kley. "Evolution of reservoir properties in the Lower Triassic aquifer sandstones of the Thuringian Syncline in Central Germany / Daniel Beyer. Gutachter: Reinhard Gaupp ; Jonas Kley." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106953241X/34.
Повний текст джерела
30
Chaplet, Michel. "Etude géologique du massif subalpin des Bornes (Haute-Savoie) : relations structurales entre unité des Aravis et Bornes externes dans le synclinal de nappes de Thônes." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le massif subalpin des Bornes (Haute-Savoie) est constitué de trois unités delphino- helvétiques (Barqy (ou Bornes externes), Aravis et Charvin-Dent de Cons) surmontées par les klippes préalplnes des Annes et de Sulens. Dans ce mémoire sont établies ou précisées les relations strucuturales entre l'unité des Aravis et la bordure SE des Bornes externes. La cartographie et le levé de nombreuses coupes , entre la haute vallée du Fier , au sud , et la vallée de l'Arve , au Nord, permettent de différencier stratigraphiquement les deux unités puis d'analyser leurs déformations compliquées par les jeux des tectoniques superposées. L'étude des klippes, volontairement n'a pas été reprise . A - Du point de vue stratigraphique : Les principales différences notées entre les deux unités concernent : 1° l'âge de l'installation de la plateforme urgonienne : Hauterivien supérieur - Barrémien inférieur dans les Bornes externes, Barrémien inférieur- Barrémien superieur dans les Aravis. 2° le contenu en argiles des calcaires du Crétacé supérieur : smectite héritée dominante ( Bornes externes) et Illite dominante probablement liée à une diagenèse d'enfouissement ( Aravis) 3° Au Tertiaire ; Dans l'Unité des Aravis : - La séquence des Grès de Taveyannaz débute le flych. Les grès sont riches en éléments dacito-andésitique provenant probablement d 'émissions volcaniques in-situ comme le suggère leur répartition spatiale et temporelle. - La formation pélito-gréseuse surmonte en continuité stratigraphique les Grès de Taveyannaz. Elle renferme ds niveaux dissociés à blocs et mégablocs provenant du démantèlement des nappes préalpines en mouvement. -Les Grès sommitaux du Danay-la Duche, conglomératiques et chenalisés, terminent ce flysch rapporté à l'Oligocène inférieur. Dans l'Unité du Bargy : - Les marnes à Meletta dans lesquelles la présence de micas flottés est soulignée débutent la série détritique. Elles sont, en majeure partie, les équivalents des Grès de Taveyannaz. - La formation marno.micacée sus-jacente renferme des niveaux dissociés de petits blocs. - Les Grès du Val d'Illiez, conglomératiques, chenalisés et semblables pétrographiquement aux Grès sommitaux des Aravis terminent cette série plus distale du flysch delphino-helvétique. B - Du point de vue tectonique : Il est montré que l'Unité des Aravis (prolongement sud du massif de Platé) chevauche constamment les Bornes externes (prolongement sud de la nappe de Morcle). Le chevauchement est une surface de cisaillement dont la trace se suit du Sud au Nord, entre Serraval et Cluses. L'ampleur du recouvrement dont témoigne la demi- fenêtre de la vallée de l'Arve, est au minimum de 5 Km. La mise en place de l'Unité des Aravis sur les Bornes externes est mal datée. Postérieure au flysch de oligocène inférieur, elle est contemporains de la genèse des principales structures du massif des Bornes qui sont liées à l'écaillage du socle de Belledonne durant l'Oligocène supérieur et le début du Miocène. Postérieurement à cette mise en place, l'édifice est affecté, entre autre, par un plissement à grand rayon de courbure, notamment responsable du synclinal de nappes de Thones (Miocène moyen/supérieur ?), puis par divers évènements de fractures radiales.
31
Abbas, Ali El Sayed. "Etude geophysique et structurale d'un pli a axe courbe : origine et mecanisme de formation du synclinal de forcalquier (chaines subalpines meridionales sud de la france)." Caen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CAEN2032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fondee sur une approche structurale et gravimetrique, cette etude montre l'existence de deux etapes de deformation (dissolution sous contrainte pins flexion) en tant que mecanismes a l'origine du pli synclinal de forcalquier-reillanne et des plis de lurs, pied d'aulun et villemus (chaines subalpines meridionales). L'etude gravimetrique a permis la mise en evidence d'un accident profond du socle, se prolongeant dans la couverture, dont le rejet atteindrait 500 metres
32
Abbas, Ali El Sayed. "Etude géophysique et structurale d'un pli à axe courbe origine et mécanisme de formation du synclinal de Forcalquier (chaînes subalpines méridionales, sud de la France) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611077d.
Повний текст джерела
33
Farrow, Tricia. "A thermal constraint on the duration of Delamerian deformation in the southern Adelaide fold belt : applications to the Karinya syncline and the Cuttle Fish Bay anticline /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bf246.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1993.On title page : "National Grid reference S1-54-6526 and S1-54-6728." One map in pocket inside back cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-30).
34
Solis, Michael P. "TECTONIC CONTROLS ON LOWER DEVONIAN SANDSTONE DISTRIBUTION, ALABAMA." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Devonian Frog Mountain Formation thickens abruptly eastward across the Eastern Coosa thrust fault from <12 m on the west to>70 m on the east. The thin Frog Mountain on the west unconformably overlies the Cambrian-Ordovician Knox Group. The thin Frog Mountain (mostly shale) is overlain by the Mississippian Maury Shale (~1 m thick) and Fort Payne Chert (~50 m thick). The thick Frog Mountain on the east rests on the Middle Ordovician Athens Shale, a black shale >150 m thick. The Athens overlies the Knox Group. The thick Frog Mountain is nearly all sandstone and is overlain by Fort Payne Chert which is only ~1 m thick
In the Eastern Coosa hanging wall, an upper-level out-of-the-syncline thrust fault with thick Frog Mountain in the hanging wall cuts more than 290 m stratigraphically down section from Athens to lower Knox in the footwall. The upper-level Frog Mountain thrust sheet crosses over the Eastern Coosa fault, and truncates folds in the Eastern Coosa footwall, moving ~2 km.
The thick Frog Mountain Formation associated with the Eastern Coosa thrust sheet has been transported ~100 km cratonward. The Frog Mountain Formation was deposited over a low topographic high, which was in the location of the Blountian peripheral foreland bulge.
35
Barkley, Russell. "Investigation of an Oncolytic MeV Cell-Cell Fusion Phenomenon Induced by an siRNA." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oncolytic measles virus is a promising cancer therapeutic in clinical trials which
possesses multiple characteristics that are advantageous over traditional therapies.
Currently, clinical oncolytic measles virus vectors are unmodified or express reporter
transgenes that benefit its therapeutic efficacy. The next phase in its development will
see genetically engineered vectors encoding transgenes that enhance its antineoplastic effects. To this end, preclinical research has focused on studying novel transgenes which favour viral replication, cytotoxicity, and the anti-cancer immune response. We sought to encode artificial micoRNAs targeting RIG-I as a strategy to interfere with innate immunity. Silencing RIG-I with multiple siRNAs yielded one which promotes measles virus syncytia formation through a mechanism that appears to be independent of RIG-I. The mechanism caused by the siRNA leads to enhanced measles virus cell-cell fusion and has peculiar characteristics which are not fully understood.
36
Moreau, Pierre. "La transgression cenomanienne sur la marge septentrionale du bassin de l'aquitaine (charentes). Flanc nord du synclinal de saintes et angoumois. Modalites d'une invasion marine. Aspects stratigraphiques, sedimentologiques et paleogeographiques." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'objet de cette these est l'etude de la dynamique et des mecanismes d'une transgression marine. Le cadre spatio-temporel en est la marge septentrionale du bassin aquitain (charentes) au cenomanien: flanc nord du synclinal de saintes et angoumois. Le premier volume contient une analyse stratigraphique, avec revue bibliographique des travaux anterieurs et problemes poses, description lithologique et paleontologique des affleurements, identification des anciens milieux de vie et de depot. Un cadre chronostratigraphique regional est construit avec sept unites, permettant les comparaisons avec d'autres bassins. L'age du debut de la transgression est avance au cenomanien basal. Le second volume traite de la sedimentation terrigene et glauconieuse, a travers la granulometrie et la distribution des sables quartzeux, les associations de mineraux lourds, la determination des mineraux argileux, l'evolution de leur importance relative dans le temps et les milieux, la frequence, la taille de la glauconie et sa distribution par rapport au quartz. Deux provinces d'origine sont identifiees pour les elements terrigenes. Le troisieme volume reunit des aspects paleontologiques (ammonites, echinides, tableaux de repartition des organismes et microorganismes) paleogeographiques et structuraux. La transgression est resumee dans son deroulement et ses caracteristiques sont degagees. Son moteur est l'ouverture du golfe de gascogne. Un essai sur le role paleogeographique et paleobiologique du seuil du poitou au cretace moyen est propose
37
Thébaud, Nicolas. "De la caractérisation des fluides aurifères par rayonnement synchroton à la géodynamique archéenne : étude des interactions fluides-roches dans un point triple de foliation archéen (Le synclinal de Warrawoona, Australie occidentale)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le synclinal de Warrawoona (Australie Occidentale) est une région clef pour la compréhension de la tectonique archéenne ainsi que de la minéralisation aurifère. Dans cette recherche, sont couplés étude de terrain détaillée et études géochimiques fines. Ce couplage permet de préciser l’histoire des interactions fluides-roches et le lien existant entre la déformation et la minéralisation aurifère. Nos résultats suggèrent une histoire de circulation de fluides polyphasée. Celle-ci débute par l’infiltration anté à syn-tectonique d’une eau de mer saturée en silice à basse température et est suivie par l'infiltration syn-tectonique d’un mélange de fluides magmatiques et métamorphiques. Les modélisations thermomécaniques suggèrent enfin que la géométrie de ce system de circulation des fluides est compatible avec un processus de déformation gravitaire générant la sagduction des roches vertes et l’exhumation concomitante des dômes granitiques. Nous suggérons donc que les jonctions triples de foliations archéennes hébergent une classe particulière de minéralisation aurifèreThe Warrawoona Syncline (Western Australia) is a key area for the understanding of Archaean tectonic and gold mineralization processes. In this study, we use a combination of field and geochemical analysis to elucidate the relationship between deformation and ore concentration. Two stages of fluid-rock interactions were recognized. The first stage involved early to syn-tectonic infiltration of seawater at low temperature and the second stage resulted in the infiltration of a mixed fluid phase of magmatic and metamorphic origin. These results indicate that ore concentration in the Warrawoona syncline is best achieved by a protracted and polyphased fluid infiltration history. Thermomechanical simulations indicate that the plumbing system associated with such a polyphased fluid-rock interaction history is best approximated in terms of a gravitational instability inducing sagduction of greenstone rocks and exhumation of granitic domes. This implies that Archaean tripe foliation junction such as the Warrawoona Syncline may be of significant importance for future gold exploration
38
Borrego, José Manuel Costa dos Santos. "Cartografia geológico-estrutural de um sector da zona de Ossa-Morena: subsector de Estremoz-Barrancos-Ficalho e sua interpretação tectónica." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O estudo geológico e estrutural de pormenor de uma região do Domínio de Estremoz-Barrancos (Zona de Ossa Morena), permitiu subdividir a evolução tectónica Varisca em duas fases de deformação principais (D1 e D2). Estas fases são heterogéneas e estão associadas a condições de metamorfismo na fácies dos xistos verdes.
A D1 caracteriza-se por dobramentos quilométricos, subhorizontais, de orientação geral próxima de N-S e com um predomínio da vergência cinemática para O. Contudo, no sector meridional foi identificada uma megaestrutura em manto-dobra, enraizada na zona de Cisalhamento de Santo Aleixo da Restauração, que no seu conjunto apresenta vergência para E.
Esta confrontação de vergências associada à cinemática D1 terá desenvolvido um fosso tectónico de orientação N-S e condicionado a sedimentação da Formação de Terena, durante o Devónico inferior. O carácter sin-orogénico desta Formação está patente nas suas características sedimentares e é corroborado pela litogeoquímica.
A D2 desenvolve dobramentos NO-SE de plano axial muito inclinado e com uma vergência geral para NE. Esta é a única fase registada na Formação de Terena.
A heterogeneidade da D2 está patente na sua componente não coaxial, que manifesta a presença de partição da deformação e inclui corredores de deformação transpressivos com componente de movimentação esquerda. ### ABSTRACT - DETAILED GEOLOGICAL and structural studies performed in a regional ares of the Estremoz-Barrancos Domain (Ossa-Morena Zone) have allowed dividing the tectonic evolution related to the Variscan orogeny finto two main events (1)1 and D2). These are heterogeneous and developed under greenschist metamorphic grade.
D1 develops sub horizontal kilometric folding with a broad N-S trending and a general facing to W. Yet, rooted in the Santo Aleixo da Restauração Shear Zone, a major recumbent fold was identified in the southern sector, indicating a general facing to the E.
The D1 facing confrontation zone has developed a N-S trough basin infill with the Terena Formation sedimentation during the Lower Devonian. The synorogenic signature of the Terena Formation is preserved both in the sedimentary facies and geochemistry.
D2 event generates NW-SE steep folding with general facing to the NE. This structure is the only one affecting the Terena Formation.
D2 heterogeneity is evidenced by a strain partitioning, responsible for non coaxial transpressive sinistral Shear zones.
39
Reid, Peter. "Ediacaran (latest Proterozoic) stratigraphic, isotopic and palaeobiological studies in the Flinders Ranges : stratigraphy, structure and stable isotope analysis of the Billy Springs formation, Mt Freeling Syncline, S.A. ; preservation and palaeobiology of the Ediacara Fauna, Central Flinders Ranges, S.A. /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbr357.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics. 1992.One folded map and one folded chart in pocket inside back cover. "National grid references Marree SH-54-5 (1:250,000) Parachilna SH-54-13 (1:250,000)." Includes bibliographical references (p. [2-7]).
40
Benabdellouahed, Massinissa. "La Seine fluviatile plio-quaternaire en baie de Seine : évolution morphologique et sédimentaire (rôle du substratum géologique et des cycles climato-eustatiques)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660489.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La baie de Seine forme aujourd'hui une vaste dépression marine d'environ 5 000 km 2 , située entre la Manche centrale au Nord, le Cotentin à l'Ouest et le Bassin parisien au Sud et à l'Est. Les nouvelles données sismiques THR (2007-2009) couplées aux données de dragages (2009) acquises en baie de Seine pour la thèse, ont permis de réviser la carte géologique du substratum de la Baie de Seine, d'établir les liens entre ce substratum et la Seine périglaciaire plio-quaternaire et de proposer pour cette dernière un nouveau modèle de dépôt et d'évolution. Le substratum géologique de la baie de Seine présente des formations stratigraphiques et des structures géologiques variées, similaires à celles décrites dans le bassin versant de la baie de Seine. Ce substratum consiste en une structure monoclinale dans l'ensemble de la baie et une structure synclinale au Nord de la baie, toutes deux affectées par des failles. Plusieurs faits nouveaux ont pu être mis en évidence au cours de l'étude du substratum, notamment la reconnaissance de surfaces stratigraphiques majeures connues à terre mais non identifiées jusqu'à présent en baie de Seine, l'existence dans la zone du synclinal de glissements gravitaires tertiaires. Un réseau de paléovallées submergé plio-quaternaire est incisé dans le substratum. Les cycles " glaciaire-interglaciaire " plio-quaternaires et la nature du substratum (lithologie, cuesta, pente, failles, déformations) jouent un rôle majeur dans l'évolution du système fluviatile de la paléoSeine. Cette évolution a été étudiée au travers de la description des terrasses étagées et des nappes emboîtées identifiées en sismique. La paléoSeine montre ainsi l'étagement de trois terrasses alluviales (la Seine ancienne du début du Pléistocène moyen ; la Seine saalienne ; la Seine weichsélienne). Cette reconnaissance des terrasses pléistocènes de la paléoSeine permet de distinguer au moins un épisode important de surrection. Cette surrection, datée du Pléistocène moyen au début du Weichsélien, est estimée à environ 0,07 à 0,1 mm/an, et s'inscrit dans le prolongement du soulèvement connu en Europe du Nord depuis le Néogène avec des mouvements compressifs liés à la convergence Afrique-Eurasie.
41
Anderson, Alvin D. "Geology of the Phil Pico Mountain Quadrangle, Daggett County, Utah, and Sweetwater County, Wyoming." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2384.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
42
Hakachite, Christopher. "[EMBARGOED] Analysis of cereal cyst nematode resistance mechanisms in barley." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a widely grown, valuable cereal crop that is affected by various pests including nematodes. The cereal cyst nematode (CCN) Heterodera avenae is the most widely distributed and damaging species of nematodes to cereal crops grown in temperate regions, including Australia, and is estimated to cause global annual losses of around $160 billion. The use of cultivars resistant to H. avenae is the preferred approach for nematode management and four resistance loci, Rha1, Rha2, Rha3 and Rha4, have been mapped. The Rha4 locus was mapped in the Galleon/Haruna Nijo population to chromosome 5H and since Rha2 and Rha4 provide the most effective resistance against the Australian H. avenae pathotype Ha13 they have been widely used in barley breeding. Despite CCN resistance loci having been mapped in barley and other cereals, no resistance genes have been isolated and characterized. Recently both Rha2 and Rha4 have been fine-mapped and near-diagnostic markers have been developed to provide simple tools for selection. Fine-mapping indicates that approximately 105 genes are linked to the Rha4 locus, including cell wall-related genes predicted to encode (1-4)-β-xylan endohydrolases, also known as xylanases. This thesis reports on experiments that were undertaken to better understand the resistance conferred by Rha4 and to investigate the functions of the xylanases as prime candidate genes. The xylanase genes at the Rha4 locus were cloned and analysed for allelic differences between sequences from the cultivars Sloop (susceptible) and Flagship (Rha4-resistant). Although genes X1 and X2 have been characterised, the X3 gene has not been well described previously. The genomic sequences were used in reciprocal transformation experiments where, under the control of the 35S promoter, the genes from Sloop were transformed into a Flagship background, and vice versa. Tube tests were used to investigate any changes in nematode infection responses, and therefore resistance status, but no significant alterations were detected. However, overexpression of the xylanase genes proved to be detrimental to the overall health of the plant. The xylanases were concomitantly heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the X2 protein was characterized in terms of substrate preference and catalytic rate. In more general approaches not directly linked to Rha4 genotype, the natural variation in root polysaccharide amount and distribution, with a focus on (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and arabinoxylan, was surveyed in a selection of susceptible and resistant barley cultivars. The effect of changes in amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan was also examined through infection of the betaglucanless mutant and transgenic lines carrying either the overexpressed or silenced (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase CslF6 gene. Variable amounts of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan did not correlate to rates of nematode infection and no clear patterns of polysaccharide profiles could be linked to susceptible or resistant cultivar status. Finally, RNA sequencing was used to profile transcript changes in nematode infected and control Sloop and Flagship roots up to 24 days post inoculation. The patterns of the 105 genes linked to the Rha4 locus were extracted and a set of 27 genes which showed significant fold changes across the time course were profiled. Of these, three strong candidate genes were selected which are differentially expressed in the two cultivars and are involved in biochemical pathways that are feasibly linked to resistance mechanisms. Their putative roles in conferring resistance and how this might be tested were discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2019
43
Anhaeusser, C. R. (Carl Robert). "The geology of the Lily Syncline and portion of the Eureka Syncline between Sheba Siding and Louw's Creek Station, Barberton Mountain Land." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15552.
Повний текст джерела
44
Leys, Sally Penelope. "Cytoskeletal architecture, organelle transport, and impulse conduction in hexactinellid sponge syncytia." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/8110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hexactinellid sponges differ substantially from other sponges in having syncytial
tissues and the ability to propagate signals rapidly, causing the arrest of the feeding
current. To confirm existing light and electron microscopic evidence of the syncytial
nature of hexactinellid tissue, live tissue models were developed from Rhabdocalyptus
dawsoni and Aphrocallistes vastus. A native acellular tissue extract (ATE) was made
from the sponges to which dissociated tissue adhered and spread in a species specific
fashion. Video microscopy shows that dissociated tissue from R. dawsoni adheres to
the ATE and aggregates by fusion of pieces to form a giant, multinucleated
syncytium. Fusion, corroborated by dye exchange, is characterized by the bidirectional
transport of organelles, including nuclei, and bulk cytoplasm at an average rate of 2.1
um·S⁻¹. Stress fibres line the periphery of adherent preparations, and giant actindense
filopodia appear to anchor tissue to the substrate. Bundles of microtubules
(MTs) bridge newly fused aggregates while extensive tracts of MT bundles are
oriented in all directions in larger aggregates. Aggregates can become several
centimetres in diameter and can cover a 5 cm² petri dish within 6-12 hours.
Inhibition of organelle motility by colcemid and nocodazole but not by cytochalasin
B suggests that transport occurs along MT bundles. A protein immunoreactive with
cytoplasmic dynein was identified in whole cell lysate from A. vastus, and it is suspected the same motor protein exists in R. dawsoni and other hexactinellids. No evidence was found for kinesin, although its presence cannot be ruled out.
Ultrastructural evidence suggests that a membranous network may be involved in
linking bulk cytoplasm to bundles of microtubules in streams, in a manner similar to
the mechanism by which bulk cytoplasm is linked to microfilaments in characean
algae. Transport of bulk cytoplasm and movement of individual organelles can also
be seen in regenerating fragments of the whole sponge suggesting that cytoplasmic
streaming may be involved in tissue morphogenesis. The fact that latex beads that are
phagocytosed are also transported in streams indicates that hexactinellid sponges
employ symplastic nutrient transport, like plants, rather than apoplastic nutrient
transport, like animals. Because fusion and cytoplasmic streaming are features of
both Rhabdocalyptus and Aphrocallistes, representatives of lysaccine and dictyonal
hexactinellids respectively, it is probable that these phenomena are characteristic of
the subphylum Symplasma.
Propagated arrests of the feeding current were recorded from Rhabdocalyptus in response to an increase in sediment in the sea water. Development of a new preparation in which aggregates are grafted on to parts of the adult body wall that demonstrate normal pumping physiology, allowed recording of action potentials
which propagate through the sponge at 0.18 cm·s⁻¹, simultaneously with the arrest
of the feeding current. This is the first recording of a propagated electrical event
from a sponge. Impulse conduction in these sponges can be explained by the finding
that hexactinellid tissues are syncytial. These results strongly suggest that hexactinellid sponges should be distinguished from other sponges at a high taxonomic level, and pose new questions for the evolution of
intracellular transport mechanisms and excitability in the metazoa.Graduate
45
Whisner, Stephen Christopher. "The Middle Ordovician Tellico-Sevier syncline a stratigraphic, structural, and paleoseismic investigation /." 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/WhisnerStephenChristopher/WhisnerStephenChristopher.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005.Title from title page screen (viewed on Sep. 8, 2005). Thesis advisor: Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. Document formatted into pages (xvi, 230 p., [4] p. of plates : ill. (chiefly col.), maps). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-173).
46
Heath, Milan A. "Structural and stratigraphic investigations at the southwest end of the Tellico-Sevier syncline, Southeast Tennessee." 2003. http://etd.utk.edu/2003/HeathMilan.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003.Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 24, 2003). Thesis advisor: Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. Document formatted into pages (viii, 97 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.), col. plates). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-75).
47
Pilloud, Claude. "Structures de déformation alpines dans le synclinal de Permo-Carbonifère de Salvan-Dorénaz (massif des Aiguilles Rouges, Valais)." Phd thesis, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une nouvelle interprétation structurale du synclinal de Permo-Carbonifère de Salvan-Dorénaz (massif des Aiguilles Rouges) révèle le rôle prépondérant joué par la déformation alpine dans le plissement du synclinal. L' évolution géologique comprend les stades suivants: a) Dès le Stéphanien A et jusqu'à une date incertaine (Stéphanien supérieur, Autunien (?)), des sédiments détritiques continentaux se déposent dans un fossé intramontagneux subsident orienté NNE - SSW. Des niveaux de coloration lie de vin définissent de longs cônes alluvionnaires imbriqués dans une série gréso-pélitique sombre contenant des horizons charbonneux et deux minces bancs de calcaires lacustres. b) De faibles déformations affectent le bassin alluvionnaire durant la phase "saaliennne- (permien); elles correspondent au réajustement d'un ensemble sédimentaire relativement plastique à des déformations cassantes du socle cristallin anté-stéphanien. L'arrêt de ces mouvements durant le Permien supérieur est suivi d'une pénéplanation du massif. Les couches du Permo-Carbonifère sont recoupées, avec une faible discordance angulaire, par les dépôts transgressifs du Trias supérieur. c) Les déformations alpines débutent durant l'Eocène supérieur; une première phase enregistre la formation des écailles parautochtones et le chevauchement de la nappe de Morcles. Le départ des écailles parautochtones semble lié à une déformation précoce du contact socle-couverture. d) Lors d'une deuxième phase, le socle pré-triasique du massif des Aiguilles Rouges se déforme à grande échelle et le Permo-Carbonifère, plus ductile, se plisse violemment (formation du synclinal de SaIvanDorénaz). Pour deux raisons, (a) la poursuite du mouvement de chevauchement Vers le NW de la nappe de Morcles, (b) les disharmonies qui apparaissent dans le Trias autochtone, le plissement du PermoCarbonifère n'affecte que faiblement le plan de chevauchement de la nappe de Morcles. Le degré du métamorphisme régional se situe à la limite anchizone-épizone.
48
Bruce, M. D. "The development and 3D geometry of porphyroblast inclusion trails: significance for the tectonic evolution of the Lebanon Antiformal Syncline, New Hampshire." Thesis, 2007. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/7874/1/01Vol1front.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using mineral elongation lineations for determining movement directions in
porphyroblastic rocks is problematic because they are routinely subjected to reorientation due to
reactivation of compositional layering during subsequent deformation events. Foliation inflexion
or intersection axes preserved within porphyroblasts (FIAs) have been shown by numerous
studies to be a consistent and reliable indicator of movement direction in metamorphic terrains
that have experienced multiple episodes of bulk shortening. Furthermore, they appear to form
orthogonal to the direction of relative plate motion. FIAs have most commonly been measured
using multiple vertical thin sections with different strikes to determine the switch in inclusion
trail curvature asymmetry that takes place across the FIA trend. An alternative method uses the
“FitPitch” computer program to determine FIAs via the measurement of apparent dips of
foliations defined by inclusion trails from a variety of thin section orientations. The results
obtained from both methods are contrasted while the strengths and weaknesses of each approach
are highlighted and discussed. “FitPitch” works best where the inclusion trails are predominately
straight, whereas the “asymmetry” method requires that they display some degree of curvature.
The two techniques compliment each other by permitting FIAs to be obtained from a larger
proportion of samples and they can also be used as independent tests in samples that are suitable
for both methods. The sense of shear operating during progressive bulk shortening is indicated by
inclusion trail curvature recorded in thin sections cut at a high angle to the FIA. Unlike the
“asymmetry” method, “FitPitch” does not give the shear sense directly but can be used to
establish the most suitably oriented thin section in which to look for inclusion trail curvature.
The inclusion trail geometry within a first phase of porphyroblast growth can differ
significantly from that preserved by further enlargement because the porphyroblast forms a rigid
mass up against which the rock preferentially strains during ensuing events. The geometry of the
first overgrown inclusion trails is affected by their primary orientation, including any pre-existing
curvature, combined with any heterogeneous rotation of this foliation about the developing
stretching lineation. This can impact the apparent timing of foliation intersection/inflection axes
preserved within porphyroblasts (FIAs) that nucleated during the development of a sub-horizontal
foliation, but is readily resolved. 3-D computer analysis of sigmoidal inclusion trails reveals that
the asymmetry method for FIA determination is unaffected by the cut location relative to the
porphyroblast core. Significantly, perfect spiral inclusion trail geometries can be produced from a
sigmoidal shape in cuts up 30° away from the FIA. Therefore, since FIAs in most porphyroblasts
bear no relation to matrix structures, there is a 17% chance that thin-sections cut relative to the
foliation lie within 30° of a FIA and could contain such an apparent spiral. FIAs maintain
consistent trends for the first phase of porphyroblast growth accompanying horizontal bulk
shortening but may vary in plunge. FIAs have sub-horizontal plunges for porphyroblasts
nucleating during gravitational collapse, but may vary in trend. For all periods of porphyroblast
regrowth the data available indicates that FIAs remain consistently trending and sub-horizontal
until the relative direction of plate motion causing orogenesis changes.
The progressive development and migration of patterns of deformation partitioning at all
scales through the rock matrix commonly destroys any record of the ductile history associated
with previous events making the problem of similar structures developing through multiple
pathways generally intractable. However, records of the small-scale geometries that form as
deformation commences and begins to partition through a rock are routinely trapped and
protected by porphyroblasts because these large crystals nucleate and/or grow at this time. This
allows examination of the geometry of microstructures formed at the start of deformation
partitioning that were destroyed by the same event in the matrix, or which formed during an event
prior to any preserved in the matrix. Porphyroblasts locally preserve oppositely concave
microfolds (“millipedes”), which, in all examples that we have found, exclusively indicate a
deformation history of bulk inhomogeneous shortening. Very similar structures have been formed
experimentally during inhomogeneous simple shear but can readily be distinguished from those
trapped in porphyroblasts that form during progressive bulk inhomogeneous shortening.
Oppositely concave microfolds in some porphyroblasts reveal that deformation near orthogonal
to a previously developed foliation occurred by axial plane shear driven rotation that led to rapid
reactivational “card-deck-like” collapse of the pre-existing foliation. Differentiated crenulation
cleavages may result from the same process providing yet another reason for the cessation of
porphyroblast growth at the start of differentiation.
The succession of foliation intersection/inflection axes preserved as inclusion trails in
porphyroblasts (FIAs) from the Lebanon Antiformal Syncline of SE New Hampshire, USA,
document changes in bulk shortening geometry associated with emplacement and refolding of a
large-scale recumbent fold (the Blue Hills Nappe). A sequence of four FIAs trending NW-SE,
NE-SW, E-W and NNW-SSE has been distinguished based upon overprinting criteria plus
inclusion trail composition, texture and orientation. This succession indicates a general clockwise
rotation in the direction of horizontal bulk shortening during Acadian orogenesis. Metamorphic
phase relations and pseudosections used to examine the P-T conditions during deformation and
FIA development indicate an increase in both pressure and temperature associated with inversion
of the stratigraphic sequence. Analysis of asymmetries recorded by the inclusion trails reveals a
spectacular dominance of top to the south-east directed, non-coaxial horizontal shear during
nappe emplacement and subsequent refolding that is attributed to repeated episodes of
gravitational collapse in the orogen core to the west that progressively rotated, translated and
amplified originally sub-vertical folds and foliations into sub-horizontal orientations.
49
Vogt, André Werner [Verfasser]. "Applied argument analysis, nappe tectonics and palynostratigraphy in the middle Lahn-syncline : stratigraphy and facies relations in the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of the middle Lahn-syncline between Weilburg and ruin Aardeck ; (nappe tectonics, Gaudernbacher Schichten, cyclic sequences, fractal analysis, palynostratigraphy, palynofacies, sedimentary pyrite, applied argument analysis) / vorgelegt von André Werner Vogt." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975992376/34.
Повний текст джерела
50
Lavoie, Raphaël. "Caractérisation spatiale des syncytia formés par le couplage des astrocytes du noyau sensoriel principal du nerf trijumeau en fonction de la concentration de calcium extracellulaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6901.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le mouvement masticatoire est généré et coordonné par un générateur de patron central (GPC) situé au niveau du pont. Plusieurs résultats antérieurs de notre laboratoire soutiennent que le réseau de neurones à l’origine de la rythmogénèse est situé dans le noyau sensoriel principal du nerf trijumeau (NVsnpr). Ces mêmes expériences révèlent que des diminutions de la concentration calcique extracellulaire ([Ca2+]e) tiennent une place importante dans la génération des bouffées de décharges des neurones de cette région. Notre laboratoire tente de vérifier si la contribution des astrocytes à l’homéostasie de la concentration calcique extracellulaire est impliquée dans la genèse du rythme. Cette étude a pour but la caractérisation spatiale du syncytium astrocytaire au sein du NVsnpr dorsal et l’étude de l’effet de la [Ca2+]e sur les propriétés astrocytaires électrophysiologiques et de connectivité. Nous avons utilisés pour ce faire la technique d’enregistrement par patch-clamp sur une préparation en tranche de tronc cérébral de rat. Nous démontrons ici que la diminution de la [Ca2+]e n’affecte pas les propriétés électrophysiologiques astrocytaires, mais induit une augmentation de la taille du syncytium. De plus, nous établissons l’existence au sein du NVsnpr dorsal d’une organisation anatomofonctionnelle du réseau astrocytaire calquée sur l’organisation neuronale.The masticatory movement is generated and coordinated by a central pattern generator (CPG) located in the pons. Previous results from our laboratory suggest that the neural network responsible for its rythmogenesis is located in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr). Moreover, results indicate that in this region, decrease in extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) plays an important role in genarating burst. One of our laboratory's goal is to assess if the contribution of astrocytes to the extracellular calcium concentration homeostasis is involved in the genesis of the mastication rhythm. With this study, we characterized the astrocyte syncytium within the NVsnpr and measured the effect of [Ca2+]e on the astrocytes electrophysiology and their networks. A patch-clamp recording technique in conjunction with a rat brain stem slice preparation was used. We demonstrate that a decrease in [Ca2+]e does not affect the electrophysiological properties of astrocytes but induces an increase in the size of the syncytium. We also report the existence, within the dorsal NVsnpr, of an anatomofunctional organization between neurons and astrocytes.