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Prescop, Krista L., Hiroko H. Dodge, Richard K. Morycz, Richard M. Schulz, and Mary Ganguli. "Elders With Dementia Living in the Community With and Without Caregivers: An Epidemiological Study." International Psychogeriatrics 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610299005803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Previous studies of dementia and family caregiving have focused on individuals seeking diagnosis and treatment, and have rarely been conducted in representative community samples. Identifying demented individuals participating in a community survey, we determined (a) the factors associated with demented elderly living alone; (b) the factors associated with the demented elderly having caregivers; (c) the factors associated with increased levels of burden among caregivers of persons with dementia. Population and Methods: During an epidemiological survey of a mostly rural U.S. community, the authors identified 116 noninstitutionalized elderly individuals with dementia. These individuals were classified into those living alone and those living with others; both groups were further classified into those with an without identifiable family caregivers. Characteristics of both caregivers and care recipients were examined. Results: Approximately a third of the subjects with dementia lived alone, and only half of them had caregivers. The average age of the caregivers was 67.4 years, and 73% of them were women. Almost half of the caregivers were spouses, whereas almost a third were offspring, of the demented individuals. Over two thirds of caregivers lived with the subjects. Female caregivers were significantly younger than male caregivers. Multivariate analyses revealed that subjects with dementia who were living alone were independently and significantly more likely to be women and to have dementias of shorter duration, lesser severity, and lesser functional impairment than those living with others. Demented subjects with caregivers were more likely to have greater dementia severity, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment and more current cognitive and behavioral symptoms than those without caregivers. Demented subjects whose caregivers reported higher levels of burden were more likely to be women and to have greater dementia severity, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment and more current symptoms than those whose caregivers had no/minimal burden. Conclusions: These results draw attention to the problems of persons with dementia living alone, particularly those without caregivers. Our data also provide epidemiological confirmation of previous clinical/volunteer studies of dementia caregiving, as well as a preliminary assessment of need in the community at large. Living arrangements and caregiver issues should be taken into account when planning services for the elderly.
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Malikal Balqis, Ummi, and Junaiti Sahar. "Pengalaman Lansia dengan Demensia Ringan-Sedang Dalam Melakukan Komunikasi dengan Pelaku Rawat: Systematic Review." Jurnal Endurance 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i2.4046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><em>Dementia is a progressive decline in cognitive abilities that characterized by memory loss that affects everyday abilities. One of the most common problems in elderly with dementia is communication problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the experience of elderly with mild-moderate dementia in communicating with caregivers. This article uses the systematic review method to all selected articles. Through this systematic review approach, six selected themes in phenomenology journals explain that elderly with mild-moderate dementia can describe the symptoms of dementia experienced, feelings of loss and stress caused of dementia, negative stigma towards elderly dementia, loss of control and desire to make their own decisions, and problems in interpersonal relationships. The ability of elderly with mild-moderate dementia in communicating their experiences when interacting with caregivers can be a consideration for caregivers in making decisions related to the condition of their experience in elderly with dementia</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Demensia merupakan penurunan secara progresif pada kemampuan kognitif yang ditandai dengan </em><em>kehilangan memori yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sehari-hari. Salah satu masalah yang cukup dominan dirasa pada lansia demensia yaitu masalah di dalam komunikasi. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat pengalaman lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang dalam melakukan komunikasi dengan pelaku rawat. </em><em>Artikel ini menggunakan metode penulisan systematic review </em><em>terhadap artikel terpilih. Melalui pendekatan systematic review ini, enam</em><em> jurnal fenomenologi terpilih menyebutkan bahwa </em><em>tema-tema yang muncul saat lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang melakukan komunikasi dengan pelaku rawat</em><em>, diantaranya lansia mampu untuk menceritakan gejala demensia yang dialami, perasaan kehilangan dan tertekan, stigma negatif orang lain, kehilangan kendali dan keinginan untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri, serta masalah di dalam hubungan interpersonal</em><em>. Kemampuan lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang dalam mengungkapkan pengalamannya ketika berinteraksi dengan pelaku rawat dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pelaku rawat dalam menentukan keputusan pemberian pelayanan berkaitan dengan kondisi demensia yang dialaminya</em></p>
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Pessotti, Carla Fabiana Carletti, Lineu Corrêa Fonseca, Gloria Maria de Almeida Souza Tedrus, and Diana Tosello Laloni. "Family caregivers of elderly with dementia Relationship between religiosity, resilience, quality of life and burden." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 12, no. 4 (December 2018): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-040011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT There are gaps in knowledge regarding how the family caregiver deals with the burden of caring for elderly people with dementia. Objective: To evaluate the family caregivers’ perception of quality of life (QoL), burden, resilience and religiosity and relate them with cognitive aspects and occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms of elderly with dementia. Methods: Data from the QoL-AD scale, caregivers’ version, burden interview, resilience scale, Beck depression inventory and PDUREL of 50 family caregivers were correlated with disability assessment for dementia, neuropsychiatric inventory and clinical aspects of 50 elderly with dementia. Results: Linear regression showed that resilience is related with better perceived QoL (p<0.001), severity of dementia (p=0.008), higher intrinsic religiosity (IR) (p=0.044) and lower occurrence of depressive symptoms (p=0.001). Increased burden of family caregivers was associated with a higher occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, education of the elder with dementia, and worse perceived QoL (p<0.001). Lower level of organizational religiosity was associated with severity of dementia. Conclusion: The most resilient caregivers had higher QoL and IR, fewer depressive symptoms, and cared for elders with more severe dementia. Cognitive and sociodemographic aspects, as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms, in the elderly with dementia were associated with QoL and greater caregiver burden.
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Cravello, Luca, Katie Palmer, Giovanni de Girolamo, Carlo Caltagirone, and Gianfranco Spalletta. "Neuropsychiatric symptoms and syndromes in institutionalized elderly people without dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 3 (August 3, 2010): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTBackground: Neuropsychiatric disorders are mainly studied in people with dementia but estimates are still not available for institutionalized elderly people without dementia. The aim of this work was to investigate neuropsychiatric syndromes in non-demented elderly people living in residential facilities (RFs).Methods: Data from the PROGRES-Older people project, including 95 RFs in Italy, were analyzed. From a total of 1215 people, 252 without dementia were recruited. Behavioral syndromes were identified using both factor and cluster analysis of results from the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with behavioral syndromes. Global cognitive functioning was assessed with the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Current pharmacological treatments were taken from the residents’ records.Results: Five neuropsychiatric syndromes were identified: (1) Affective (depression, anxiety, night-time behaviors); (2) Hyperactive (agitation, irritability, appetite abnormalities); (3) Psychotic (delusions and hallucinations); (4) Manic (euphoria and disinhibition); (5) Apathetic (apathy and aberrant motor behavior). The risk of having a neuropsychiatric syndrome was higher in people with younger age (OR: 5.1, 1.3–20.0), higher education (OR: 7.3, 2.4–22.1), and low MMSE score (OR: 6.5, 1.9–22.2). Almost half of people with behavioral syndromes were not undergoing psychotropic treatment. Hypnotic and anxiolytic agents were the most frequently used drugs for most of the syndromes.Conclusions: Older people without dementia living in RFs exhibit a syndrome pattern of neuropsychiatric behaviors different from those observed in patients with dementia, which are associated with cognitive and sociodemographic characteristics. A large proportion of non-demented older people with neuropsychiatric syndromes are not having adequate treatment for their psychiatric disturbances.
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Kolykhalov, I. V. "Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Antipsychotic Therapy in the Elderly Patients with Dementia." Psikhiatriya 18, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-4-6-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the study was to investigate syndromal-nosological specificities of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the frequency of use of antipsychotics in patients with various types of dementias, institutionalized to geriatric units of mental hospitals.Patients and methods: a total of 106 in-patients of three psychogeriatric units were examined. The median age of patients is 75 years [69; 80].The diagnostic distribution of patients at the time of the examination was as follows: in 33 subjects (31.1%) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was diagnosed, in 25 (23.6%) - mixed dementia (MD), in 32 (30.2%) - vascular dementia (VD) and in 16 (15.1%) patients had dementia of complex origin (DCO).Results: a high incidence (54.7%) of NPS was found in patients with dementia of various origins. The greatest number of patients with behavioral and psychotic symptoms was found in AD and MD. The proportion of dementia patients with such disorders in each of these types of dementia is about 70%, while in CGD and VD, the proportion of patients with NPS is noticeably smaller (30% and 40%, respectively). For the treatment of NPS, antipsychotics were most often prescribed, but their use caused adverse events (AEs) in 1/3 of cases. Patients with VD are most susceptible to the development of AE, and AD patients are the least susceptible.Conclusion: the study showed that NPS are one of the important components of dementia, regardless of the nosology and stage of the disease. The treatment of NPS in dementia is particularly challenging because, although the symptoms cause significant distress, there are currently no effective alternative therapies. The risk of AE can be minimized by carefully considering the indications for prescribing antipsychotics and their short-term use, regular monitoring of the patient’s condition, and educating caregivers.
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Finkel, Sanford I. "New Focus on Behavioral and Psychological Signs and Symptoms of Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003360.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conceptualization of an international consensus conference for the purpose of beginning to establish an operational definition for “behavioral disturbances of dementia” was born at the 7th International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) Congress in Sydney, Australia, in November 1995. At that time, a special symposium on “research methodological issues in evaluating behavioral disorders of dementia” took place. From the high level of interest and attendance, it was clear that this matter was a source of great attention and concern by clinicians and researchers working with demented elderly. Although we have been aware that patients with dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), manifest psychotic, depressive, and behavioral symptoms over the course of the illness, such symptoms until recently have elicited little interest or research support. Further, research was hampered by the absence of viable measurements and scales developed for this specific population. In addition, rigorous clinical trials were rare and virtually nonexistent in those with moderate and advanced dementias. Prior to 1992, only seven randomly assigned, double-blind trials in this population had been published, only one in a nursing home setting.
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Ferreira, Amanda Cristina de Souza, Ariely Aurélio Silva, Lorrane Rodrigues Paiva, Corina Satler, and Maysa Luchesi Cera. "Intensive naming training for low-educated demented and non-demented elderly." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT. Complaints about naming difficulties may be common in the elderly. In dementia, anomia is the most frequent symptom of language disorders. Naming training can improve lexical access and promote better quality of communication for elderly with or without dementia. Objective: To analyze naming scores, response time and the generalization of responses for naming of neurotypical and demented low-educated older adults before and after receiving a naming training program, with and without oral comprehension stimulation. Method: Twenty elderly participants, 10 with dementia and 10 neurotypical, were included after interview, screening for cognition and functionality. The naming training was based on retrieval practice and carried out in 5 sessions. Half of the group underwent exclusive naming training, while the other half received naming training associated with oral comprehension stimulation. Results: Elderly people with dementia performed better after training for scores on oral naming and comprehension of oral words, except for object manipulation. The response time for naming trained and untrained stimuli was also better for elderly people with dementia. After the intervention, neurotypical individuals performed statistically better in comprehension time and in the score in oral naming, comprehension of oral words and object manipulation, for trained and untrained words. Conclusion: Naming training, exclusive or associated with oral comprehension, using the recovery technique benefits the language performance of neurotypical and demented elderly, and provides improvements even for untrained stimuli.
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Verhey, Frans R. J., and Pieter Jelle Visser. "Phenomenology of Depression in Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006906.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dementia and depression are the two most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Although dementia has traditionally been viewed as a disorder of cognition, and depression as a disorder of mood, this simple classification has recently been questioned, and the complex interrelationship between depression and dementia is being elucidated (Emery & Oxman, 1992; Raskind, 1998). Patients with depression may show cognitive deficits, simulating dementia (Berrios, 1989), and patients with dementing disorders may show symptoms of depression (Allen & Burns, 1995; Burns, 1991). In addition, depression may precede dementia and represent the very first signs of dementing illness, or may be a risk factor for subsequent dementia.
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Sá Esteves, P., D. Loureiro, E. Albuquerque, F. Vieira, L. Lagarto, S. Neves, and J. Cerejeira. "Dementia in acutely-ill medical elderly patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionDementia is one of the leading causes of disability and burden in Western countries. In Portugal, there is a lack of data regarding dementia prevalence in hospitalized elderly patients and factors associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes of these patients.ObjectivesDetermine dementia prevalence in acutely-ill medical hospitalized elderly patients and its impact in health outcomes.MethodsAll male patients (> 65 years) admitted to a medical ward (> 48 h) between 1.03.2015 to 31.08.2015 were included in the study. Patients were excluded if unable to be assessed due to sensorial deficits, communication problems or severity of the acute medical condition. Baseline evaluation included socio-demographic variables, RASS, NPI, Barthel Index and Confusion Assessment Method.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 270 male subjects with a mean age of 80.9 years, 116 (43%) having prior dementia. Dementia patients were significantly older (83.5 vs 78.9; P < 0.001) and had lower values of Barthel Index (dementia: 34.8 vs non-dementia: 85.8; P < 0.001). Mortality rate (9,3%) and length of hospitalization (11.2 days) were similar between groups (12.1 vs 7.1; P = 0.204 and 11.9 vs 10.6; P = 0.218, respectively). Patients with dementia had higher rates of all neuropsychiatric symptoms except depression, anxiety and mood elation. The level of consciousness (measured by RASS) was impaired in 50% of patients with dementia, which was significantly higher than in non-demented subjects (12.3%; P < 0.001). Delirium rates were 29.5% in dementia compared with 7.1% in controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of dementia and an appreciable rate of delirium among these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gorzoni, Milton Luiz, Renato Moraes Alves Fabbri, and Sueli Luciano Pires. "Senile dementia and pharmacological drugs." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, no. 2 (June 2013): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70200007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Side effects and drug interactions are common in the elderly and highly relevant in the demented, being routinely confused with symptoms of cognitive impairment. Which drugs are most consumed by this patient group? Do prescription patterns differ between the demented and non-demented? Objective: To define drug consumption quantitatively and qualitatively in demented (D) and non-demented (ND) elderly. Methods: Patients were divided into men and women, by age group (<80 and ≥80 years), non-demented and demented status, and consumers of ≤3 or >3 drugs. As a criterion comparing groups, the Chi-square (Fisher's exact) test was employed. This study is part of Project No. 405/10 approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: The sample had a mean age of 81.5±8.8 years, 29 D (21 women and 8 men) and 21 ND (16 women and 5 men), 12 consumers of up to three drugs (7 D and 5 ND) and 38 consumers of 3 medications or more (22 D and 16 ND). The most used drugs among dementia patients were aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and vitamins. Drugs most consumed by non-demented included vitamins, aspirin, calcium carbonate, proton pump inhibitors, statins and alendronate sodium. There was no statistical significance on any of the comparisons, although the number of elderly consumers of vitamins in the ND had a p-value of 0.06 (Yates). Conclusion: The elderly in this series, regardless of dementia status, gender or age group, had similar drug consumption patterns and used multiple drugs simultaneously.
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JANZING, J. G. E., J. M. P. BOUWENS, R. J. TEUNISSE, M. A. VAN'T HOF, and F. G. ZITMAN. "The relationship between depression and mortality in elderly subjects with less severe dementia." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 4 (July 1999): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329179900865x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Little is known about the effects of depression on the mortality rates of elderly subjects with dementia.Methods. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for possible confounders, was used to study the associations between GMS-AGECAT derived syndrome and symptom measures and 12-month mortality rates in a cohort of 73 elderly subjects who met the DSM-III-R criteria of dementia with a median MMSE score of 19.Results. Twenty-three subjects (32%) died within the 12 month follow-up period. A baseline diagnosis of syndromal or subsyndromal depression was associated with increased mortality. At the symptom level mortality was predicted by higher scores on the factor ‘mood symptoms’. The effects of interactions between depression measures and severity of dementia were not significant.Conclusions. Short-term mortality in elderly subjects with less severe dementia is predicted by the presence of (sub) syndromal depression and by mood symptoms. The effects of depression and severity of dementia on the mortality rates seem to be largely independent.
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Marvanova, Marketa. "Antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia: Efficacy and safety concerns." Mental Health Clinician 4, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n204371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) refer to a heterogeneous group of symptoms that represent non-cognitive complications of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Currently, there are no FDA-approved antipsychotic medications for management of BPSD in the United States. Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) should only be used for appropriate and justified BPSD targets including distressing and severe physical aggression and/or disturbing hallucinations or delusions that pose a risk of harm to self or others after non-pharmacologic interventions have failed. At best, SGAs provide only modest effects and are associated with increased risk for mortality and cerebrovascular complications in addition to other agent-specific side effects. Current evidence and recommendations support use of risperidone, aripiprazole or olanzapine for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), and use of quetiapine or clozapine for Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Any SGA should be initiated at low dosages with slow titration; and the lowest effective dose should be used as a maintenance dose only for a short period of time. Patients should be monitored for clinical response and adverse effects and should be periodically evaluated for continued need for medication. Appropriate use of SGAs for management of BPSD is critical to increase safety for our growing elderly population with dementia.
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Schmand, B., C. Jonker, M. I. Geerlings, and J. Lindeboom. "Subjective memory complaints in the elderly: Depressive symptoms and future dementia." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 4 (October 1997): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.4.373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundPopulation studies indicate that subjective memory complaints by elderly people are correlated with cognitive performance. These complaints have some predictive power regarding the development of dementia. The present study attempted to replicate this finding, and investigated which variables determine subjective memory complaints.MethodParticipants in the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (n=2114; 65–84 years of age), who were not demented and had a normal MMSE score (> 23) at baseline, were re-examined after four years. Subjective complaints were measured using a previously developed scale. Dementia and depression were measured using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). Premorbid intelligence was measured by the Dutch Adult Reading Test (DART)ResultsMemory complaints at baseline contributed a small but significant amount of diagnostic information with respect to the prediction of future dementia. Depressive symptoms at baseline had no predictive value when these memory complaints were accounted for. Subjective memory complaints were associated with depression, baseline MMSE score, and premorbid intelligence.ConclusionsSubjective memory complaints are not just secondary to depression, but in part reflect realistic self-observations of cognitive decline.
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Winslow, George S., Brian R. Ballinger, and Anne M. McHarg. "Standardised Psychiatric Interview in Elderly Demented Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 5 (November 1985): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.5.545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twenty patients with dementia were assessed by two raters, using the Standardised Psychiatric Interview of Goldberg et al (1970). Inter-rater reliability was good or fair for many items, but test–retest reliability and validity were less good. A single interview does not appear to provide a full picture of psychiatric (excluding cognitive) symptoms in demented patients.
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Laks, Jerson, Eliasz Engelhardt, Valeska Marinho, Marcia Rozenthal, Fernando de Castro e. Souza, Josué Bacaltchuk, Alberto Stoppe Jr., R. C. R. Ferreira, Cassio Bottino, and Mônica Scalco. "Efficacy and safety of risperidone oral solution in agitation associated with dementia in the elderly." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 59, no. 4 (December 2001): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2001000600005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) contribute to caregiver burden and institutionalization of elderly. Neuroleptics are prescribed to control agitation. Side effects of typical neuroleptics are harmful, making atypical neuroleptics an indication. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of risperidone oral solution (ROS) given once daily to demented elderly outpatients with BPSD (agitation). METHOD: Patients (n=26), 76.35±8.63 years, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for dementia. RSO was given, starting dose of 0.25 mg and increments of 0.25 mg every week. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessed cognitive status, Behavioral and Emotional Activities Manifested in Dementia (BEAM-D) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) measured BPSD, Extrapiramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) evaluated extrapyramidal symptoms. Cardiovascular side effects were evaluated clinically. RESULTS: There was a 26% reduction in agitation and no cardiovascular side effects in the range from 1.0 to 1.25 mg. Side effects were more prevalent above 2.5 mg. CONCLUSION: Risperidone oral solution improved agitation with good tolerability from 0.5 to 1.25 mg. A single dose with increments of 0.25 mg may be more acceptable to patients and caregivers.
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Davidson, M., P. Powchik, V. Haroutunian, P. D. Harvey, D. Perl, M. S. Losonczy, E. Freske, L. Bierer, R. C. Mohs, and K. L. Davis. "DEMENTIA-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN ELDERLY SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 254B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-00489.
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KIRK, PATRICIA L. "Hydrocephalus Symptoms in Elderly Can Mimic Dementia." Family Practice News 36, no. 11 (June 2006): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(06)73325-4.
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Bowers, Jennifer, Anthony F. Jorm, Scott Henderson, and Peter Harris. "General Practitioners' Reported Knowledge about Depression and Dementia in Elderly Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous studies have shown that general practitioners often fail to detect dementia and depression in their elderly patients. The present study aimed to find out how much knowledge general practitioners have of these disorders. The knowledge of 36 general practitioners was assessed and it was found that they had a limited knowledge of the symptoms and signs of dementia and depression. Furthermore, almost 60% of the general practitioners did not know that Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementing disorder.
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Godinho, Cláudia, Iulek Gorczevski, Andréa Heisler, Maria Otília Cerveira, and Márcia Lorena Chaves. "Clinical and demographic characteristics of elderly patients with dementia assisted at an outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 1 (March 2010): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40100007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aging of the population is a worldwide phenomenon, where 60% of elders live in developing areas of the world such as Brazil, regions in which few studies have been carried out. Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical and demographic profile of patients with dementing disorders seen at a specialized outpatient clinic in South Brazil. Methods: A sample of 105 demented patients seen at the Dementia Outpatient Clinic from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil between June 2004 and June 2008. Evaluation of patients consisted of medical history, cognitive testing, assessment of functional status (Activities of Daily Living Scale - ADL; Instrumental Activities Daily Living - IADL) and application of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) for behavioral symptoms. Severity of dementia was evaluated based on the CDR scale. All patients underwent laboratory screening tests and brain imaging exams to define etiology of dementia. Results: Of the whole sample, 71% were female. Age was 79±8 years (mean±SD). Educational level was 4±3 years (mean±SD). Sixty-four patients (60%) presented the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Of the whole sample, 26.7% were classified as CDR=1, 44% as CDR=2 and 29. 3% as CDR=3. A significant difference on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and functional status scores was observed among the CDR categories (severity). No significant association was found between severity and impairment on memory tests and behavioral symptoms. Conclusions: Alzheimer's disease was the most common etiology, followed by vascular dementia. At diagnosis, most patients presented mild to moderate severity of dementia, independent of cause.
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Rapp, Michael A., and Hans Gutzmann. "Invasions of Personal Space in Demented and Nondemented Elderly Persons." International Psychogeriatrics 12, no. 3 (September 2000): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161020000644x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Personal space has been a research issue in both social psychology and nursing in the past 20 years. In the context of behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms in dementia (BPSSD), however, personal space and other basic paradigms of social psychology sparsely play a role. In order to assess personal space in demented (n = 10) and nondemented (n = 10) elderly participants, we replicated the original study addressing personal space by Felipe and Sommer (1966). The two groups differed in the overall number of participants showing a specific reaction, in the mean duration until specific reactions occurred, and in the percentage of participants within a group showing a specific reaction at a given point in time. The argument is being made that such findings might reflect situational as well as disease-specific changes in the perception of and reactions to invasions of personal space in demented patients. We suggest that further research in that field could bring about more information on the nature of dementia, and especially BPSSD. Implications for therapy and care of dementia patients are being discussed.
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Reinhard, Heun, Martin Kockler, and Ursula Ptok. "Lifetime symptoms of depression in Alzheimer's disease." European Psychiatry 18, no. 2 (March 2003): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(03)00003-8.
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AbstractIntroductionDepression is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The symptomatology of depression in dementia may differ from depression alone. Consequently, the reports on lifetime depressive symptoms were compared in AD patients and age-matched non-demented participants.MethodsSeventy-six AD patients, 109 elderly from the general population and their 189 siblings were examined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The presence of individual lifetime depressive symptoms was compared between 76 AD patients, 29 AD patients with comorbid depression, and different control groups using χ2 statistics and logistic regression analysis.ResultsLifetime depressive symptoms were significantly more frequent in 76 AD patients than in 109 age-matched elderly from the general population. These 76 AD patients complained more about thinking and concentration disturbances, and less about depressed mood or appetite disturbance than the 298 non-demented participants matched for the lifetime presence of major depression (MD). In agreement, the 29 patients comorbid for lifetime diagnoses of AD and MD reported less about depressed mood than the 114 age-matched elderly with MD only. Feelings of worthlessness and suicidal ideas were related to the severity of cognitive decline.ConclusionsAD influences the reports on lifetime depressive symptoms. This may be caused by additional neurodegeneration, by an overlap of symptoms of depression and dementia or by an altered perception of mood disturbances in AD. Further studies should investigate these alternatives.
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O'Connor, D. W., P. A. Pollitt, and M. Roth. "Coexisting Depression and Dementia in a Community Survey of the Elderly." International Psychogeriatrics 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610290000291.
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We report here on the coexistence of dementia and depression in a community population aged 75 years and older. Complete information about mood and cognition was available for 286 cognitively intact subjects selected for assessment because of their low scores on the Mini–Mental State, and for 158 mildly and moderately demented subjects. Severely demented subjects, who were incapable of providing information, were excluded. Five percent (8/158) of demented subjects also fulfilled criteria for major depressive disorder Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition (DSM-III) compared with 9% (27/286) of cognitively intact subjects. No substantial differences existed in the symptoms reported by demented depressives and nondemented depressives, but subjects who suffered from both disorders were so markedly apathetic that their depression might easily have been overlooked had specific enquiries not been made. Depression was particularly associated with dementia secondary to multi-infarct and Parkinson's disease. When reviewed one year later, 2 of the 18 surviving depressed, nondemented subjects showed evidence of dementia. Both presented unusual diagnostic difficulties, however, and no evidence emerged that large numbers of elderly people will be misclassified in community surveys that include a mental state examination, cognitive testing, and an informant interview.
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Fialho, Patrícia Paes Araujo, Anne Marise Koenig, Etelvina Lucas dos Santos, Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães, Rogério Gomes Beato, Viviane Amaral Carvalho, Thais Helena Machado, and Paulo Caramelli. "Dementia caregiver burden in a Brazilian sample: Association to neuropsychiatric symptoms." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 3, no. 2 (June 2009): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30200011.
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Abstract Taking care of elderly demented individuals, especially when they present behavioral changes, can be very exhaustive for both family and caregivers. Generally, this leads to changes in the family lifestyle, and the caregiver must deal with a range of problems. Information on this topic in Latin America, including Brazil, remains scarce. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the level of caregiver burden in a group of Brazilian elderly with dementia. Methods: The Brazilian versions of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) and of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were administered to a total of 83 family-caregivers of patients with dementia followed at a university-affiliated outpatient clinic. Pearson's correlations were calculated to measure the level of association between the scores on both instruments. Results: Among the caregivers, 83.1% were women, and had a mean age of 55.6±12.8 years. The ZBI scores ranged from 3 to 79 (mean=31.4). Patients' NPI scores ranged from 0 to 102 (mean=26.9), consistent with a significant degree of behavioral manifestations in most patients. A significant positive correlation was found between ZBI and NPI scores (r=0.402; p=0.000). Conclusion: The presence and severity of behavioral manifestations assessed by the NPI were associated with a high level of caregiver burden in this sample of Brazilian elderly with dementia.
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Şahin, Huseyin A., I. Hakan Gurvit, Murat Emre, Hasmet A. Hanagasi, Basar Bilgic, and Hande Harmanci. "The attitude of elderly lay people towards the symptoms of dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 18, no. 2 (February 8, 2006): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205002784.
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Objectives: To assess the attitude of elderly lay people towards the concept and symptoms of dementia.Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study of 859 residents without dementia, aged 70 years or older, living in an urban area in Istanbul. Nine questions with yes/no responses were designed to investigate the attitudes of the responders to the concept of dementia and symptoms related to particular aspects of dementia. The χ2-test was used to test for differences between proportions of respondents in different age, sex and education groups.Results: Dementia was considered as normal by the majority of respondents and age and education did not influence this attitude. Women were significantly less inclined to consider dementia and its associated problems as normal.Conclusion: The concept of dementia is generally not considered as a medical problem by the elderly Turkish population, independent of age and education. These results are important in guiding policy makers and shaping awareness raising campaigns of local Alzheimer's Associations.
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Fellows, Lesley, Howard Bergman, Christina Wolfson, and Howard Chertkow. "Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?" Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 35, no. 3 (July 2008): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100008891.
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Background:To determine whether clinical data obtained by history and physical examination can predict eventual progression to dementia in a cohort of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment.Methods:A prospective, longitudinal study of a cohort of elderly subjects with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Ninety subjects meeting the criteria for amnestic MCI were recruited and followed annually for an average of 3.3 years. Main outcome measure was the development of dementia determined by clinical assessment with confirmatory neuropsychological evaluation.Results:Fifty patients (56%) developed dementia on follow-up. They were older, had lower Mini-mental status exam (MMSE) scores and a shorter duration of symptoms at the time of first assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age at symptom onset as the only clinical parameter which distinguished the group that deteriorated to dementia from the group that did not. The odds ratio for age was 1.1 (confidence interval 1.04 - 1.18).Conclusions:Patients presenting with amnestic MCI insufficient for the diagnosis of dementia are at high risk of developing dementia on follow-up. In our cohort, 56% were diagnosed with dementia over an average period of 5.9 years from symptom onset. The only clinical predictor for the eventual development of dementia was older age at symptom onset. Clinical features alone were insufficient to predict development of dementia.
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Esser, Sally R., and Peter P. Vitaliano. "Depression, Dementia, and Social Supports." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 26, no. 4 (June 1988): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ytt7-bkxp-u2pa-qqvb.
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Recent literature on the relationships among dementia, depression, and social support was reviewed, with particular emphasis on the diagnostic differentiation of dementia and depression, and the role of these three entities in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. Dementia-like symptoms arising in depression and the coexistence of dementia and depression are discussed. Research is necessary to determine more objective criteria for depression and dementia, to provide cognitive and psychiatric testing for elderly individuals, to clarify the diagnostic or prognostic value of the term pseudodementia, and to further elucidate relationships between depression, dementia, and social support.
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Davidescu, Irene. "NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN ELDERLY – A SHORT PRACTICAL APPROACH." Romanian Journal of Neurology 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2017.3.1.
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Life expectancy increases neurological and psychiatric pathology in the elderly. Neurocognitive disorders have an increasing incidence and therefore Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia become a common pathology. Delirium is a quite frequent symptom in general practice and managing agitation in elders can become challenging for the doctor, especially because of presence of comorbidity and sometimes of paradoxical reactions due to cerebral vulnerability. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a challenge in management of patients with neurodegenerative disorders, being a real burden for patients themselves, caregivers and medical staff. A concise guide for managing these symptoms with non-pharmacological methods and drugs allowed in such conditions
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Maryam, Raden Siti, Junaiti Sahar, Sutanto Priyo Hastono, and Kuntjoro Harimurti. "Common symptoms of Alzheimer’s dementia that are easily recognizable by families." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 2 (April 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-020005.
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ABSTRACT. The increase in dementia incidence among the elderly is directly related to aging, which is associated with changes in bodily functions and other health-related risk factors. Alzheimer's dementia is the most prevalent form of dementia, and individuals in the late stages are predominantly dependent on other family members. Therefore, it is important for families, as the closest support group, to recognize common symptoms early. Objective: To provide a family-friendly guide to the ten common symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia. Methods: This is a descriptive survey-based research that included 354 families comprising elderly people (≥60 years) residing in Jakarta. The instrument aimed at identifying ten common Alzheimer’s dementia symptoms in Indonesia. Descriptive statistical analysis based on frequency tables was used. Results: The participant’s major characteristics were age ≥66 years (52.3%), female sex (70.3%) and primary school education (87.3%). The predominant symptoms experienced by 42.4% of the elderly included forgetting recent events and asking questions and narrating a particular detail repeatedly. The remaining 35.6% demonstrated signs of forgetting where an item was placed and frequently suspecting others of theft and concealment of personal items. Conclusion: The symptoms of frequently forgetting new events and the location of personal belongings are of particular concern for families, as they have a propensity to progress and interfere with daily activities. Therefore, the families of affected individuals are expected to identify this symptom early on and present the affected individual for screening or examination at a health care facility.
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Ho, Rainbow Tin Hun. "The Holistic Impact of Using Arts-Based Intervention for Elderly With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1874.
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Abstract The use of creative arts on supporting elderly with dementia has been becoming popular due to its safe and engaging process. This non-pharmacological approach can complement with other treatment methods to support elderly with dementia on various aspects, including physical, cognitive and social functioning. In our randomized controlled trial on dance movement therapy (DMT) for 204 community dwelling elders with mild dementia, we found DMT could significantly reduce the level of depression, loneliness and negative mood (β=0.33-0.42, p<.01), and also the diurnal cortisol slope (β =0.30, p<.01); while in another trial on 73 elderly with moderate dementia, we found music and movement could help reduce the behavioral and psychological symptoms such as agitation (β = -0.41, p<.01), aberrant motor behavior (β=-1.02, p<.01), and dysphonia (β=-0.61, p<.05). The present presentation aims to share with the audience our practical experiences, the research procedures as well as the findings of the projects.
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Orrell, Martin, and Paul Bebbington. "Life Events and Senile Dementia Affective Symptoms." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 5 (May 1995): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.5.613.
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BackgroundPrevious research in the elderly has linked threatening life events with depression. Dementia sufferers are known to be sensitive to stressful changes in their daily life such as relocation. This study investigates whether threatening life events are associated with depressive symptoms in dementia sufferers.MethodUsing the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, this study examined life events before admission in a group of 70 dementia patients compared with two control groups: dementia sufferers in the community and mentally fit elderly people matched for age and sex.ResultsLife events with severe threat were not significantly more frequent in the dementia patients than in two control groups. However, depressive symptoms in the dementia sufferers were significantly associated with independent severe life events. This strong association was maintained when a multivariate analysis was used to control for the effects of other social factors and severity of cognitive impairment. This association appears to be specific to the threat aspect of life events since there was no association between depressive symptoms and events relating to change in the social environment.ConclusionIn dementia sufferers, threatening life events are associated with depressive symptoms. This means that dementia sufferers are responsive to stress in the same way as cognitively intact individuals, and clinicians need to be more aware of the social influences on them.
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Verdelho, A., S. Madureira, C. Moleiro, and J. M. Ferro. "Depressive Symptoms Predict Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Non Disabled Population with White Matter Changes. Results of the LADIS Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70423-7.
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Aims:Depressive symptoms (DS) in the elderly have been implicated in cognitive decline, and are more frequent in patients with white matter changes (WMC). Our aim was to ascertain if DS influence cognition in an elderly population with WMC.Methods:The LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability) is a prospective European study that evaluates the impact of WMC on the transition of independent elderly subjects into disability. Subjects were enrolled due to minor complaints without impact in daily-living activities, and presence of WMC. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and yearly during 3 years with a comprehensive clinical and functional protocol. DS were recorded with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Major depression was classified according to the DSM-IV criteria. Dementia and cognitive decline not dementia were diagnosed according to usual clinical criteria. MRI was performed at entry and at the end of the study. WMC severity was rated according to the Fazeka's scale.Results:639 subjects were included (74.1 ± 5 years old, 55% women, 9.6±3.8 years of schooling). 89% (568), 78.4% (501), and 75% (480) of the patients from the initial sample were followed-up in clinical visit at year 1, 2 and 3. At the end of the study 90 patients were demented and 147 patients had cognitive impairment not dementia. Using survival Cox regression we found that depressive symptoms were independent predictors of cognitive impairment independently of age, education, gender, WMC severity and temporal atrophy.Conclusion:Depressive symptoms are independent predictor of cognitive decline in an independent elderly population with WMC.
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Reichman, William E., and Arnaldo Negron. "Negative symptoms in the elderly patient with dementia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 16, S1 (2001): S7—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1166(200112)16:1+<::aid-gps566>3.0.co;2-s.
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Good, W. R., I. Vlachonikolis, P. Griffiths, and R. A. Griffiths. "The Structure of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 4 (April 1987): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.4.463.
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In a structured sample of 100 male and 100 female minimally impaired patients, aged 60 years and over, females were more depressed. Varimax factor analysis demonstrated four factor groupings which have clinical relevance - Depression, Anxiety, Cognitive impairment, and Psychosomatic disorder; their relative importance is different in males and females. Analysis of variance of the scores of clusters generated by cluster analysis demonstrated four groups of subjects - normal, mildly depressed, moderately depressed with borderline dementia and disability, and severely depressed with moderate dementia and frank disability. In the mildly and moderately depressed, symptoms of anxiety predominated.
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McKeith, Ian G. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Dementia With Lewy Bodies." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200007018.
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Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the currently preferred term for a variety of clinical diagnoses that have risen to prominence during the last decade (McKeith et al., 1996). These include diffuse Lewy body disease, dementia associated with cortical Lewy bodies, the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Hansen et al., 1990), senile dementia of the Lewy body type, and Lewy body dementia. Initially thought to be uncommon, DLB is now recognized as the second most common pathologic cause of dementia, accounting for up to 20% of all elderly cases reaching autopsy.
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Preci, Gjon, Iliriana Zekja, Jera Kruja, and Erjona Abazaj. "Depression and Dementia in Elderly People." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (January 9, 2022): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7972.
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BACKGROUND: Dementia itself is not a disease, but a constellation of symptoms caused by diseases and disorders that affect the brain. Dementia and depression are mental health problems commonly encountered in neuropsychiatric practice in the elderly. AIM: The aims study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression in elderly people with dementia and to see the association between them. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study associating dementia with depression among the population from 50 until to more than 85 years old in Shkodra City in Albania. Practically, the figure of 187 patients with dementia was selected using the cluster sampling method. Patients were considered to have depression when one or more ICD codes for depression were recorded as primary or secondary diagnosis. Multilogistic regression odds ratio (OR) was used to identify factors predicting severity of depression. RESULTS: A total figure of 187 patients with dementia were enrolled into the study for a period of 4 years. Approximately, the minimum age was 50 and maximum 89 years old with average 75 ± 8.1 std. The prevalence of depression among those patients with dementia resulted 44.9% (84/187). Almost 61% of patients had moderate depression and 28% of patients had severe depression. According to studies, male with dementia was the most predominant sex compared to female with percentage 60.4% and 39.6%, respectively. On the other hand, depression was being found more predominant to female patients with dementia, not to forget that female was 2.9 (OR) time in risk to develop depression compared to male 95% CI (1.6–5.4) p = 0.0005. We did not find a strong association between the late-life depressions than in depression in middle-aged adults. CONCLUSION: Depression in older adults is a serious concern, especially in dementia population, which often is underdiagnosed being masked by cognitive impairments. According to the case in question, the findings highlight a high prevalence of depression within the dementia patients. After numerous medical researches, we found a strong association between depression and gender, lifestyle, type, or residence with the dementia patients. As stated, the better knowledges in the interactions between the depression and dementia from the part of medical staff will likely contribute to the timely prevention, identification, and treatment of depression in the elderly and will influence on their quality of life.
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Strøm, Benedicte Sørensen, Knut Engedal, and Lasse Andreassen. "Nursing Staff’s Knowledge and Attitudes toward Dementia: A Pilot Study from an Indian Perspective." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502770.
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Background: Despite the increased prevalence of dementia in India, reports indicate little awareness of the disease. Symptoms are often misinterpreted or neglected, which could lead to late diagnosis, reducing the choices available regarding future care. Considering that most nurses caring for the elderly will work with people with dementia in the future, there is concern surrounding their ability to meet the needs of these patients, requiring them to obtain the necessary knowledge and positive attitudes for treatment. Aims: To describe the knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia among nursing staff working in residential care facilities for elderly populations in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 nursing homes in India in which 15 nursing staff conducted self-assessments of their knowledge and attitudes toward dementia using the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and the Attitude toward Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Scale (DAS) for each respective assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe staffs’ attitudes and knowledge concerning dementia. Continuous variables were presented as means ± SD, while the categorical variables were presented as percentages. Results: Although the majority of the participants answered that Alzheimer’s disease cannot be cured, about half reported that people with dementia, in rare cases, can recover from the disease. While all participants agreed that people with dementia can feel when others are kind to them, almost half disagreed that people living with dementia can enjoy life. Conclusion: These findings reveal that nursing staff have limited knowledge of dementia, but their attitudes toward people living with dementia tend to be positive.
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Lenze, Eric J., Bruce G. Pollock, M. Katherine Shear, Benoit H. Mulsant, Ashok Bharucha, and Charles F. Reynolds. "Treatment Considerations for Anxiety in the Elderly." CNS Spectrums 8, S3 (December 2003): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900008221.
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AbstractAnxiety is common in the elderly and can present as a primary anxiety disorder or as a symptom of another disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder, in particular, is a common syndrome in late life. Anxiety symptoms are also common features of late-life depression and dementia. Treatment of anxiety in elderly persons has typically involved the use of benzodiazepines, which are often effective but problematic because they are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, falls, and fractures. Based on their safety and efficacy, antidepressants, particularly serotonergic medications, are considered first-line treatment for most anxiety disorders as well as anxiety symptoms of major depressive disorder. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy, may be effective in these disorders as well; research is underway to adapt this therapy to the needs of elderly persons. Anxiety symptoms in dementia are poorly understood but may respond to atypical antipsychotics, serotonergic antidepressants, or mood stabilizers. Overall, the research in late-life anxiety has not caught up to the literature in late-life depression and, for the most part, treatment recommendations must be extrapolated from studies in young adults.
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Cecilia Wong, TT. "Effectiveness of music intervention on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia: a meta-analysis." Frontiers of Nursing 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0020.
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Abstract Dementia is increasing dramatically with an increasing elderly population. Pharmacological interventions are proven to have limited efficacy to treat many of the features of dementia. In such a situation, non-pharmacological means become important to help people with dementia, especially music therapy. The efficacy of music intervention on cognition has been barely explored in the literature, and the few studies that are available present inconsistent results. The aim of this systematic review is to have a meta-analysis on the effect of music therapy for improvements in cognitive functions as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia.
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Linka, Emese, György Bartkó, Tamás Agárdi, and Katalin Kemény. "Dementia and Depression in Elderly Medical Inpatients." International Psychogeriatrics 12, no. 1 (March 2000): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006207.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlation of cognitive impairments, major depression, and depressive symptoms among elderly medical inpatients, and to compare the degree of depressive symptomatology as well as cognitive deterioration in possible vascular dementia and possible Alzheimer's disease. In a department of internal medicine, 100 (36 male, 64 female) 65-year-old or older patients were examined by a semistructured interview, and assessed by the Hachinski Ischemic Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDS), and the Modified Mini-Mental State (MMMS) Examination. In our total sample, the MMMS total score was (±SD) 76.0 ± 15.5 and the HDS total score was (±SD) 12.0 ± 6.1. Based on DSM-IV criteria, major depression was established in 11 patients. Deterioration of cognitive functions was seen in 66 patients; cognitive impairment was mild in 30 patients, moderate in 19, and severe in 17. Forty-six patients had mild depressive symptoms and 27 had severe depressive symptoms. In summary, a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and depressive symptomatology was detected in our study, illustrating the importance of psychiatric care in elderly medical inpatients.
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Klimova, Blanka, Petra Maresova, and Kamil Kuca. "Combat Military Personnel and Selective Risk Factors for the Development of Dementias - A Review." Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573400515666190114155451.
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: Due to the growth of life expectancies and the increasing number of elderly population all over the world, there is a risk of growth of aging diseases such as dementia. Recent research studies also indicate that there will be a growing number of military veterans who will be affected by dementia, already at the age of 55+ years. In the case of combat military personnel, the most common dementias are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. These two dementias are very similar because their main symptoms are the same. The purpose of this review is to explore two main risk factors influencing the development of the dementias. These include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the authors of this study focus on the exploration of the treatment of PTSD and TBI in order to delay the development of dementias among combat military personnel. : For the purpose of this study, a method of literature review of available sources exploring these two main risk factors of dementia among combat military personnel was used. Based on the evaluation of these literature sources, possibilities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment and care of these people were described.
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RODRIGUES, Susana Lígia da Silva, Jamily Matias da SILVA, Maria Clara Cordeiro de OLIVEIRA, Charleny Mary Ferreira de SANTANA, Kaliandra Meneses CARVALHO, and Breno José Alencar Pires BARBOSA. "Physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy for reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 12 (December 2021): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0539.
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ABSTRACT Background: Elderly people with dementia may exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms throughout the course of disease. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as regular physical activity, are considered strategies for managing these symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether participation in physical exercise programs is effective in reducing behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods: A literature review was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases from 2010 to 2020. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials involving elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and assessing changes in neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms as primary or secondary outcomes. The studies had a group with only physical exercise as an intervention compared to a control group. Results: Of 175 publications identified in the initial survey, only 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. Four out of 7 studies demonstrated positive effects in reducing behavioral symptoms, while the others did not report differences between gains according to the type of protocol. Conclusions: Moderate to intense aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises may have a potential benefit in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia, but studies varied in their conclusions. This review indicates the need for further intervention studies to investigate, as a primary outcome, the absolute effect of physical exercise and its impact on behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly people with MCI dementia, especially in the early stages of the disease.
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Stroomer-van Wijk, Anne J. M., Barbara W. Jonker, Rob M. Kok, Roos C. van der Mast, and Hendrika J. Luijendijk. "Detecting delirium in elderly outpatients with cognitive impairment." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 8 (April 15, 2016): 1303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000600.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Delirium may be more prevalent in elderly outpatients than has long been assumed. However, it may be easily missed due to overlap with dementia. Our aim was to study delirium symptoms and underlying somatic disorders in psycho-geriatric outpatients.Methods:We performed a case-control study among outpatients that were referred to a psychiatric institution between January 1st and July 1st 2010 for cognitive evaluation. We compared 44 cases with DSM-IV delirium (24 with and 20 without dementia) to 44 controls with dementia only. All participants were aged 70 years or older. We extracted from the medical files (1) referral characteristics including demographics, medical history, medication use, and referral reasons, (2) delirium symptoms, scored with the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98, and (3) underlying disorders categorized as: drugs/intoxication, infection, metabolic/endocrine disturbances, cardiovascular disorders, central nervous system disorders, and other health problems.Results:At referral, delirium patients had significantly higher numbers of chronic diseases and medications, and more often a history of delirium and a recent hospital admission than controls. Most study participants, including those with delirium, were referred for evaluation of (suspected) dementia. The symptoms that occurred more frequently in cases were: sleep disturbances, perceptual abnormalities, delusions, affect lability, agitation, attention deficits, acute onset, and fluctuations. Drug related (68%), infectious (61%), and metabolic-endocrine (50%) disturbances were often involved.Conclusions:Detection of delirium and distinction from dementia in older outpatients was feasible but required detailed caregiver information about the presence, onset, and course of symptoms. Most underlying disorders could be managed at home.
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Oosterwijk, J. A. C., and E. J. Colon. "Psychiatric symptoms and age dependency." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2, no. 3 (September 1990): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800035092.
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SummaryThe growing populations of the elderly is frequently regarded as a homogeneous entity. In this retrospective study 140 patients above 60 years, first admitted to a psychiatric hospital, were screened for individual psychiatric symptoms. This was done according to the D.S.M.-III-R criteria and with the european ADMP-IV scoring system.As expected dementia and related disorders are characteristic of the “older” categories, depressieve disorders were seen more frequently in the “younger” categories. Screening the elderly for psychiatric symptoms also shows differentiation within the group of the older patients.Symptoms related to dementia increase in frequency, also increasing are e.g. visual hallucinations. A decrease was found for hypochondriasis and phobia. So, the group patients above 60 years is clearly heterogeneous.
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Suzuki, Tatsuya, Jun Norose, Shoko Futami-Suda, Kazunari Suzuki, Kenichi Sekimizu, Motoshi Ouchi, Yoshimasa Igari, Kentaro Watanabe, Hiroshi Nakano, and Kenzo Oba. "Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Elderly Patients with Dementia." Nihon Ika Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi 6, no. 3 (2010): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/manms.6.135.
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Ho, Rainbow TH, Ted CT Fong, CY Sing, Pandora HT Lee, Alice BK Leung, Kitty SM Chung, and Janet KL Kwok. "Managing behavioral and psychological symptoms in Chinese elderly with dementia via group-based music intervention: A cluster randomized controlled trial." Dementia 18, no. 7-8 (February 22, 2018): 2785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301218760023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a group music intervention in managing behavioral and psychological symptoms in Chinese elderly with dementia. This cluster randomized trial recruited 73 elderly participants with moderate dementia from 10 elderly residential homes and assigned them to the intervention ( n = 40) and control ( n = 33) group. The intervention included 16 half-hour sessions of music intervention with multi-sensory components over eight weeks and control group received standard care. Participants’ levels of subjective moods and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation, aberrant motor behaviors, dysphoria, and irritability were assessed at baseline, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and the end of the intervention. Controlling for baseline outcomes, latent growth modeling revealed significant intervention effects for agitation ( B = −1.03, SE = 0.30, p < 0.01), aberrant motor behavior ( B = −1.80, SE = 0.66, p < 0.01), and dysphoria ( B = −0.79, SE = 0.36, p < 0.05), with the intervention group showing improvements compared to no substantial changes in the control group. There were no significant intervention effects on irritability or subjective mood ( p > 0.05). The music intervention showed significant reduction in the behavioral and psychological symptoms in Chinese elderly patients with dementia. Elderly homes could adopt this practical non-pharmacological intervention as a strategy to improve the well-being of the elderly.
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Pergolizzi, Joseph V., Robert B. Raffa, Antonella Paladini, Giustino Varrasi, and Jo Ann LeQuang. "Treating pain in patients with dementia and the possible concomitant relief of symptoms of agitation." Pain Management 9, no. 6 (November 2019): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2019-0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dementia is an irreversible, progressive form of cognitive dysfunction that can affect memory, learning ability, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, linguistic skills and executive function but which does not impair consciousness. Pain prevalence is high among the elderly who are also at elevated risk for dementia. Pain control for dementia patients is important but can be challenging for clinicians as cognitive deficits can make it difficult to identify, localize and assess pain. Cerebral changes associated with dementia may change how people process and experience pain in ways that are not entirely elucidated. Agitation is a frequent symptom of dementia and may be associated with untreated pain as agitation and aggression symptoms decrease when pain is effectively addressed.
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Leesri, Thanakamon. "The Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dementia in the Elderly." Siriraj Medical Journal 73, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33192/smj.2021.30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Nowadays, Thailand and Worldwide are going to be aged society. Elderly health issue is more important. Dementia is one of the major problems in elderly. Dementia patients can develop many symptoms such as memory loss, decision difficultly, language deficit, personality and mood change. In severe case, they need a caregiver. This disturbs daily activities and decreases quality of life. Because of taking part in primary care, there are many elderlies with dementia. There is less data about proactive study in primary care. Aims of this study are assessing the prevalence and related factors of dementia in elderly. Methods: A descriptive study of 295 elderlies was studied in Bangkruai subdistrict, Bangkruai district, Nonthaburi. According to the definition in Thailand, elderly is people who is older than 60 years old. Tools for this study were MMSE-Thai 2002 for screening dementia and calculating prevalence and general information questionnaire for related factor. Results: The results showed the prevalence of dementia in elderly in Bangkruai subdistrict, Bangkruai district, Nonthaburi was 18 percent. The related factors that have statistically significant were male sex, high age, low education, diabetes mellitus, no mobile phone, no computer skill, no internet skill, rarely social participation and rarely religion participation. However, factors that had no statistically significant were weight, height, BMI, marital status, occupation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, daily medicine, alcohol consumption, smoking, coffee, exercise, daily television use and family category. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia in the elderly was 18 percent and the related factors that have statistically significant were male sex, high age, low education, diabetes mellitus, no mobile phone, no computer skill, no internet skill, rarely social participation and rarely religion participation. The study showed size of problem and made the good plans for elderly health such as technology assessment and motivation for social participation.
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Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J., Juan J. Llibre-Rodriguez, Milagros A. Guerra-Hernández, Juan C. Llibre-Guerra, Ana M. Rodriguez-Salgado, Erika P. Guartazaca-Guerrero, and Ana I. Peñalver. "Behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly patients with dementia." International Journal of Psychophysiology 108 (October 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.331.
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Kawai, Makoto J., Mari Miyamoto, and Kimio Miyamoto. "Classification of clinical symptoms of dementia in the elderly." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 4, no. 6 (November 1989): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.930040609.
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Nösman, Birgitta, Gösta Bucht, Sture Eriksson, and P. O. Sandman. "Behavioural symptoms in the institutionalized elderly-relationship to dementia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 8, no. 10 (October 1993): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.930081007.
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