Книги з теми "Symbolical resource"
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1
Transitions: Symbolic resources in development. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Pub., 2005.
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Zittoun, Tania. Transitions: Symbolic resources in development. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Pub., 2006.
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Ostebee, Arnold. Instructor's resource manual Calculus from graphical, numerical, and symbolic points of view. Fort Worth: Saunders College Pub., 1996.
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Creating deviance: An interactionist approach. Walnut Creek,CA: AltaMira Press, 2005.
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Fafinski, Mateusz. Roman Infrastructure in Early Medieval Britain. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Early Medieval Britain was more Roman than we think. The Roman Empire left vast infrastructural resources on the island. These resources lay buried not only in dirt and soil, but also in texts, laws, chronicles, charters, even churches and landscapes. This book uncovers them and shows how they shaped Early Medieval Britain. Infrastructures, material and symbolic, can work in ways that are not immediately obvious and exert an influence long after their creators have gone. Infrastructure can also rest dormant and be reactivated with a changed function, role and appearance. This is not a simple story of continuity and discontinuity: It is a story of adaptation and transformation, of how the Roman infrastructural past was used and re-used, and also how it influenced the later societies of Britain.
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Kent, Lia, and Rui Feijo, eds. The Dead as Ancestors, Martyrs, and Heroes in Timor-Leste. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the 24-year Indonesian occupation of East Timor, thousands of people died, or were killed, in circumstances that did not allow the required death rituals to be performed. Since the nation’s independence, families and communities have invested considerable time, effort and resources in fulfilling their obligations to the dead. These obligations are imbued with urgency because the dead are ascribed agency and can play a benevolent or malevolent role in the lives of the living. These grassroots initiatives run, sometimes critically, in parallel with official programs that seek to transform particular dead bodies into public symbols of heroism, sacrifice and nationhood. The Dead as Ancestors, Martyrs, and Heroes in Timor-Leste focuses on the dynamic interplay between the potent presence of the dead in everyday life and their symbolic usefulness to the state. It underlines how the dead shape relationships amongst families, communities and the nation-state, and open an important window into — are in fact pivotal to — processes of state and nation formation.
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William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies., ed. Acequia: Water-sharing, sanctity, and place. Santa Fe, N.M: School for Advanced Research Press, 2006.
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Zittoun, Tania. Transitions: Symbolic Resources in Development (Advances in Cultural Psychology). Information Age Publishing, 2006.
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Zittoun, Tania. Transitions: Development Through Symbolic Resources (Advances in Cultural Psychology) (Advances in Cultural Psychology). Information Age Publishing, 2006.
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Leung, Janny H. C. Shallow Equality and Symbolic Jurisprudence in Multilingual Legal Orders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190210335.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book offers a critical perspective to the proliferation of official multilingualism in the contemporary world. Through diachronic and synchronic comparisons, it shows that official multilingualism has become a norm in the political management of linguistic diversity, but actual practices vary according to sociohistorical contexts and current power dynamics. It explains such convergences and divergences using a theory of symbolic jurisprudence, which posits that official language law has served chiefly as a discursive resource for a range of political and economic functions, such as ensuring stability, establishing legitimacy, balancing rival powers, and harnessing trade opportunities. The book goes on to examine the practical impact of official multilingualism on public institutions and legal processes and the application of linguistic equality—frequently asserted in multilingual polities—on the ground. The study shows that serious pursuit of linguistic equality calls for elaborate administrative effort in public institutions and carries a potential to clash with existing legal practices (from legal drafting and interpretation, to language rights in trial proceedings). However, such changes—however extensive—hardly ever disrupt the status quo. The book further argues that linguistic equality as proclaimed and practiced in many polities today is shallow in character, and must not be confused with popular conceptions of equality. The book concludes that both symbolic jurisprudence and shallow equality are components of a policy of strategic pluralism that underlies official multilingualism. Although official multilingualism can legitimately be used to pursue collective goals, it runs the underlying risks of disguising substantive inequalities and displacing more progressive efforts in social change.
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F, McCool Stephen, Clark Roger N, Stankey George H, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Water and people: Challenges at the interface of symbolic and utilitarian values. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2008.
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12
Mining And Quarrying In The Ancient Andes Sociopolitical Economic And Symbolic Dimensions. Springer, 2012.
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Dotter, Daniel L. Creating Deviance: An Interactionist Approach. AltaMira Press, 2004.
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Dotter, Daniel L. Creating Deviance: An Interactionist Approach. AltaMira Press, 2004.
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Ignazi, Piero. Party Resources at the Dawn of the New Millennium. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735854.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 6 deals with the resources parties enjoy at the present time, and examines how such resources impact on the parties’ internal dynamics and on the relationship with the mass public. The chapter first provides an empirical survey of the evolution of party membership in West European countries, and discusses the different balance between the collective-symbolic and selective-material incentives parties have been providing (and citizens demanding). Secondly, it presents a unique, original set of data on party finances demonstrating the growing and large availability of money in most of the cases. In this respect the chapter scrutinizes the relationship between increasing financial resources and declining membership. Finally, the parties’ interpenetration with the state is discussed considering their patronage and clientelistic practices. The chapter concludes with an assessment that the search for more resources and assets made parties richer but, at the same time, lonely and, ultimately, delegitimated.
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John, Law, and Evelyn Ruppert, eds. Modes of Knowing. Mattering Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28938/9780993144981.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How might we think differently? This book is an attempt to respond to this question. Its contributors are all interested in non-standard modes of knowing. They are all more or less uneasy with the restrictions or the agendas implied by academic modes of knowing, and they have chosen to do this by working with, through, or against one important Western alternative - that of the baroque. Why the baroque? One answer is that the baroque made space for and fostered many forms of otherness. It involved knowing things differently, extravagantly, excessively, and in materially heterogeneous ways, and it apprehended that which is other and could not be caught in a cognitive or symbolic net. It also involved knowing in ways that did not gather into a single point and knew itself to be performative. As part of a great Western division between rationalist and non-rationalist modes of knowing, the baroque is therefore a possible resource for creating ways of knowing differently - a storehouse of possible alternative techniques. To say this is not to say that it is the right mode of knowing. The book's authors do not seek to create a 'baroque social science' whatever that might be, but instead work in a range of ways to explore how drawing on the 'resources of the baroque' can help us to think differently.
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Ferring, Dieter. Memory in Old Age. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on memory within the context of human aging. It starts with a conception of aging that highlights the interplay of genetics, lifestyles, and culture as fundamental dynamics underlying the aging process as well as its impact on memory functioning. The chapter then focuses on the context of ontogenesis and describes central concepts of memory structure and functioning in a lifespan perspective highlighting the adaptive function of memory use. Building on this, the chapter elaborates the dynamic interplay and the role of memory in the self-regulation of the aging self. Finally, the chapter places memory in the context of two aspects of culture, differing between assistive culture providing knowledge and technology resources and culture as representing symbolic resources that help in the collective and individual construction of meaning.
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Cottingham, Marci D. Practical Feelings. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197613689.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Practical Feelings develops and applies a theory of emotion practice to the domains of work, leisure, social media, and politics. Chapter 1 theorizes an emotion practice approach by synthesizing symbolic interactionist and poststructural approaches to emotion using their shared lineage of pragmatism. Within this approach, the concepts of emotional capital, habitus, and social location together help us examine emotion as effort, energy, and embodied resource. Chapters 2 through 5 apply an emotion practice approach to the social arenas of work, leisure, social media, and politics. The empirical chapters move from the intimate sphere of nursing to the sphere of public health threats while illustrating the strengths of an emotion practice approach. Audio diaries from nurses capture how they use and conserve emotional resources within hierarchies of social class and race. In examining sports fans, we see how they use and invest in the emotional power of sports symbols, but a hierarchy of racial inequality underlies this economy of emotion that connects communities and corporations. Social media users connect with others during health threats by relying on engrained digital habits of frivolity and humor. Turning to the political sphere, rhetoric from leaders reinforces a view of emotions as irrational, converting their emotional capital of stoicism into political capital during public health threats (Ebola and COVID-19). The final chapter develops the relevance of homophily for connecting emotions with social inequality and theorizes mechanisms for social change.
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Hogh-Olesen, Henrik. Fiction and Narrative. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927929.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Humans also create stories and dramatic settings that deal with the theme of what it means to be human. Humans live in narratives, and narratives are everywhere. This chapter looks at why humans spend that much time and resources on telling each other stories and dramatizing common human experiences. Which themes do these narratives revolve around? Are there universal themes? And what function do these symbolic universes have for our development and survival as individuals and as a species? Moreover, how and why do artistic expressions, themes, and forms change over time? The chapter lists existential, cognitive, and social functionalities .
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Ohnuma, Reiko. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190637545.003.0008.
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The potency of the animal as a symbol lies in humanity’s dualistic relationship with the animal. On the one hand, we ourselves are animals; on the other hand, we define ourselves in opposition to all other animals. There is thus both kinship and otherness, identity and difference, attraction and repulsion in humanity’s relationship to the animal. Through this dualistic interplay, animality becomes a fruitful resource for defining what it means to be human. As Buddhism—arguably, more so than any other major religion—is a profoundly human-centered tradition, we should not be surprised to see Buddhist texts from India making ample use of animality in expressing Buddhism’s vision of the project of being human. Animality manifests itself, moreover, through an endless variety of different species (with different qualities, characteristics, and habitats), and thus presents us with an extremely rich pool of symbolic possibilities. The availability and potency of this pool in the world of premodern India is perhaps difficult to imagine from our own vantage point in the modern, industrialized West, where animals are retreating more and more from our everyday view and experience. This book constitutes a very preliminary effort to gain a glimpse of some of the ways in which this pool of symbolic possibilities was employed....
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Winthrop, Robert H. Culturally Reflexive Stewardship. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article is concerned with caring for place, the interweaving of community, landscape, and culture. Culturally reflexive stewardship (crs) involves actions to sustain a way of life, motivated by a shared appreciation of place, landscape, and region, and expressed through practices that transmit cultural knowledge and affirm a social identity. The article first contrasts two resource regimes, one based on a logic of tradeoffs and markets, the other on a logic of stewardship. Second, it presents the key characteristics of crs, emphasizing the linkage of intellectual content (local knowledge) with an ethical imperative based in the symbolic qualities of place. Finally, the article explores the relationship of stewardship to social organization, and offers examples of crs in three modes, termed “living in place,” “conservation and recovery,” and “polarization and protest.”
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Voutilainen, Atro. Part-of-Speech Tagging. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article outlines the recently used methods for designing part-of-speech taggers; computer programs for assigning contextually appropriate grammatical descriptors to words in texts. It begins with the description of general architecture and task setting. It gives an overview of the history of tagging and describes the central approaches to tagging. These approaches are: taggers based on handwritten local rules, taggers based on n-grams automatically derived from text corpora, taggers based on hidden Markov models, taggers using automatically generated symbolic language models derived using methods from machine tagging, taggers based on handwritten global rules, and hybrid taggers, which combine the advantages of handwritten and automatically generated taggers. This article focuses on handwritten tagging rules. Well-tagged training corpora are a valuable resource for testing and improving language model. The text corpus reminds the grammarian about any oversight while designing a rule.
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Zelensky, Natalie K. Russian Church Music, Conundrums of Style, and the Politics of Preservation in the Emigre Diaspora of New York. Edited by Jonathan Dueck and Suzel Ana Reily. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859993.013.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores the long process by which musical meanings are made in the choral repertoire of a Russian diasporic church, the ROCOR Russian Orthodox church, in its mid-Atlantic U.S. diaspora. Its point of departure is not meanings held in common by these church members, but instead the disjunctive meanings assigned to musical practice (and the consequent differences in preferred musical practice) by multiple generations of Russian immigrants. Common meanings emerge from this process through the reconstruction of a Russian diasporic identity that both draws on the symbolic resources of musical institutions characterizing different factions of Russian church musicians and on the positionality of being “Russian abroad” that unifies members by a common idea of preserving prerevolutionary Russian culture.
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Barrère, Christian. Cultural Heritage. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article criticizes the reduction of Cultural Heritages to Cultural Capital or Cultural Commons. Whereas economists usually reduce heritages to their capital aspects (standard capital for equipment, human and social capital, natural capital, and cultural capital) or to their commons aspects (stock of resources managed by a community), we consider the components of Cultural Heritages (CH) to carry different (and generally intertwined) dimensions that prevent abstraction of the non-economic dimensions of heritages when analyzing their economic dimension. Rather than dodging the question of their multi-dimensionality, we use it as our starting point in explaining the debates about how these heritages should be defined and managed, and the necessity of considering the differing points of view and interests (both material and symbolic) of the various stakeholders.
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Stavrakakis, Yannis. Populism and Hegemony. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How can theories of hegemony advance our understanding of populism? Against the background of Gramsci’s work, this chapter draws on Laclau, Mouffe, and other theoretical resources in order to illuminate what shapes and animates populist discourse, what overdetermines its hegemonic potential. We focus on populist articulatory practices as political interventions operating within a broader socio-symbolic as well as psycho-social terrain that both facilitates their formation and—at the same time—limits their scope. The chapter highlights thus the need to take into account the broader terrain of populism/anti-populism antagonisms in order to effectively identify and inquire into the political performance and hegemonic effects of populist movements. Finally, a series of empirical examples are used to illustrate the argument.
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Kucinskas, Jaime. The Contemplative Elite and Capitalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881818.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the contemplative mindfulness movement, its successes in legitimizing and popularizing mindful meditation, and its shortcomings. This case demonstrates how elite movements can initiate widespread cultural change by combining elements of social movement mobilization, institutional entrepreneurship, field theory, and cultural diffusion. Investigating the contemplatives sheds light on how a movement can support elites’ cultural pet projects across multiple powerful institutional fields. This approach to cultural change is particularly efficacious for elites’ and professionals’ initiatives for social reform, as they can draw upon their social networks, institutional resources, and symbolic power to advance their causes in the course of their everyday lives at work. While such movements may succeed in spreading compelling new cultures, they may struggle to initiate deeper structural social reforms.
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Lawrence, Thomas B., and Nelson Phillips. Constructing Organizational Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840022.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Across the social sciences, scholars are showing how people “work” on facets of social life that were once thought to be beyond human intervention. Facets of social life once considered to be embedded in human nature, dictated by God, or shaped by macro‐level social forces beyond human control, are now widely understood as socially constructed – made and given meaning by people through social interaction, and consequently the focus of efforts to change them. Studies of these efforts have explored new forms of work including emotion work, identity work, boundary work, strategy work, institutional work, and a host of other kinds of work. Missing in these conversations, however, is a recognition that these forms work are all part of a broader phenomenon driven by historical shifts that began with modernity and dramatically accelerated through the twentieth century. This book explores that broader phenomenon: we propose a perspective that integrates diverse streams of research to examine how people purposefully work to construct organizational life. We refer to these efforts as social‐symbolic work and introduce three forms – self work, organization work, and institutional work – that are particularly useful in understanding how actors construct organizational life. The social‐symbolic work perspective highlights the purposeful, reflexive efforts of individuals, collective actors, and networks of actors to construct the social world, and focuses attention on the motivations, practices, resources, and effects of those efforts. Thus, the social-symbolic work perspective brings actors back into explanations of the social world, and balances approaches that emphasize social structure at the expense of action or describe social processes without explaining the role of actors.
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Urquízar-Herrera, Antonio. Genealogical Forgery and Continuity of Christian Worship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797456.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 provides a general analysis of how mythical foundational links worked in the religious appropriation of Islamic buildings. The chapter opens with the exploration of the stories that related the foundation of the temples to early Christianity in Roman times or to Phoenician and Hebrew antecedents of Christianity (Pablo de Céspedes, Juan de Mora, Jerónimo Román de la Higuera, and Cristóbal Lozano, among others). In addition, the narratives on religious continuity are studied. These narratives connected the interpretation of mosques to Spanish Christianity, at the time of the Muslims’ arrival, through the remembrance of the Goths and the Mozarabs. Toledo is a special case study in this regard. The chapter closes with an exploration of the inventions of pre-Islamic cult images as a narrative resource for the symbolic appropriation of Islamic spaces. Among other examples Our Lady the Ancient from Seville is analyzed.
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Pearce, John. Status and Burial. Edited by Martin Millett, Louise Revell, and Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.021.
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This chapter presents the burial of the dead as a key arena, like public and domestic space, for articulating status relationships. In mortuary rites distinctions of rank and resources were asserted through scale, materials, and symbolic resonance. With the benefit of new evidence for cremation process and from inhumation graves with good preservation of organic materials, this differentiation can be explored through the ritual sequence, including the laying out of the corpse and its treatment on the pyre, as well as in containers for the dead and in the number, variety and allusive properties of grave goods. In their generic character and their individual ‘biographies’ the latter linked burial to other occasions, ceremonial or convivial, when hierarchical relationships were manifested and reproduced. Combining evidence from inscriptions and sculpture and the in situ remains of markers also reveals differentiation among the dead in a form enduring long beyond the funeral.
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Hartmann, Douglas. Sport and Social Theory. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter provides an overview of how major social theories, both classical and contemporary, can help organize and enrich the historical study of sport. Classical frameworks discussed include the functionalism associated with Émile Durkheim, Max Weber’s rationalization, and the economic and capitalist critiques that originated with Karl Marx. More contemporary bodies of work include symbolic interactionism, dramaturgical and semiotic approaches, feminist and critical race theories, and the grand syntheses of Pierre Bourdieu. Throughout, it is argued that these theoretical resources reveal the socially constructed and historically contingent nature of modern sporting forms, establish the importance of situating sport in its broader social contexts, and highlight the role and significance of sport in contemporary life. The chapter concludes by suggesting that closer theoretical engagement not only improves the quality of sport history but can help bring the study of sport more to the center of all social research and cultural critique.
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Bosse, Joanna. The Classification of Style. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039010.003.0003.
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This chapter introduces the reader to to the tenets of ballroom dance by focusing on the various classificatory systems used in social dances. It begins with a discussion of the “ballroom umbrella” and the wealth of symbolic resources it encompasses, first by considering dancesport and social dancing, followed by an analysis of International and American styles of ballroom performance. It then examines four themes that emerge from classificatory systems: an emphasis on a high degree of specialization in performance; the demonstration of control over the body and its movement; the rationalization of movement and the ideas articulated by it, especially as mediated by language and other symbols; and an association with Western Europe. The chapter suggests that dance classifications also function as social classifications that serve to stratify individuals and groups according to their perception of the social order. More specifically, they articulate the betwixt-and-between-ness that characterizes the American middle class.
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Smith, Christopher J. Akimbo Culture. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037764.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the physical and participatory implications of blackface dance, and the dance cultures more generally, depicted by William Sidney Mount. It also uses the evidence drawn from Mount's visual depictions to locate prototypical blackface dance vocabularies and rhythmic practices in vernacular art works of the earlier nineteenth century. The chapter first considers the resources for recovering the kinesics of minstrelsy, along with visible evidence of Afro-Caribbean influence on bodily kinesics, before turning to juba and the aesthetics of African movement. It then analyzes Mount's choreological evidence to illustrate the consistency with which he records and manipulates the cultural associations of body vocabulary, as well as his integration of the creole synthesis in his works. It argues that it was rhythm and dance that accounts for minstrelsy's remarkably immediate yet enduring popularity and influence. It shows that, in addition to the symbolic transgression of bourgeois grace implicit in Jim Crow's akimbo representation, the images' anatomical distortions also capture movement, not stasis. The chapter concludes by looking at the so-called “bending knee-bone” in blackface performance.
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French, Katherine L., Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Katherine L. French, Amanda Flather, Clive Edwards, Jane Hamlett, Despina Stratigakos, and Joanne Berry, eds. A Cultural History of the Home in the Medieval Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The period covered by this volume, roughly 800-1450, was one of enormous change in the way people lived in their houses. Medieval people could call a grand castle, a humble thatched hut, or anything in between home, but houses were more than physical spaces. They changed according to technological developments, climatic needs, geological limitations and economic resources. They were also moral units that were themselves symbolic, economic, gendered, and social. At the beginning of our period, the movement of people, goods, and ideas, and the need for defense against some of this movement had an impact on how and where people lived. The codification of laws shaped how people understood the physical integrity of their homes, the reception they should give to those who wanted to enter, and their identification with the house itself. As European economies expanded in the twelfth century, householders increasingly had access to items that changed their day-to-day lives within their houses. This volume argues that through a house and its uses, occupants created, sustained, and understood their relationship to each other and their society.
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Erley, Mieka. On Russian Soil. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755699.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Blending close readings of literature, films, and other artworks with analysis of texts of political philosophy, science, and social theory, this book offers an interdisciplinary perspective on attitudes to soil in Russia and the Soviet Union from the early nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. As the book shows, the earth has inspired utopian dreams, reactionary ideologies, social theories, and durable myths about the relationship between nation and nature. In this period of modernization, soil was understood as the collective body of the nation, sitting at the crux of all economic and social problems. The “soil question” was debated by nationalists and radical materialists, Slavophiles and Westernizers, poets and scientists. The book highlights a selection of key myths at the intersection of cultural and material history that show how soil served as a natural, national, and symbolic resource from Fedor Dostoevsky's native soil movement to Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign at the Soviet periphery in the 1960s. Providing an original contribution to ecocriticism and environmental humanities, the book expands our understanding of how cultural processes write nature and how nature inspires culture. The book brings Slavic studies into new conversations in the environmental humanities, generating fresh interpretations of literary and cultural movements and innovative readings of major writers.
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Day, David. Antarctica. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190641320.001.0001.
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Part of the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, David Day's book on Antarctica examines the most forbidding and formidably inaccessible continent on Earth. Antarctica was first discovered by European explorers in 1820, and for over a century following this, countries competed for the frozen land's vast marine resources--namely, the skins and oil of seals and whales. Soon the entire territory played host to competing claims by rival nations. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 was meant to end this contention, but countries have found other means of extending control over the land, with scientific bases establishing at least symbolic claims. Exploration and drilling by the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Japan, and others has led to discoveries about the world's climate in centuries past--and in the process intimations of its alarming future. Delving into the history of the continent, Antarctic wildlife, arguments over governance, underwater mountain rangers, and the continent's use in predicting coming global change, Day's work sheds new light on a territory that, despite being the coldest, driest, and windiest continent in the world, will continue to be the object of intense speculation and competition.
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Davis, Christina P. The Struggle for a Multilingual Future. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947484.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Struggle for a Multilingual Future examines the tension between the ethnic conflict and multilingual education policy in the linguistic and social practices of Sri Lankan Tamil and Muslim girls in Kandy, a city in central Sri Lanka. Postindependence language and education policies were part of the complex and multifaceted causes of the Sri Lankan civil war (1983 to 2009). However, in the last two decades the government has sought to promote interethnic integration by instituting trilingual language policies in the nation’s co-official languages, Sinhala and Tamil, as well as English, in government schools. Integrating ethnographic and linguistic research inside and outside two schools in Kandy during the last phase of the war, this book investigates the efficacy of the national reforms in mitigating ethnic conflict in relation to the way linguistic, ethnic, religious, and class differences are reinforced and challenged in schools, homes, buses, and streets. The author’s research shows how, despite the national reforms, policies and practices in Kandy schools instantiate language-based models of ethnicity. In reaction, Tamil-speaking girls aspire to a cosmopolitan notion of Kandy that is less about being integrated into broader society than drawing on the symbolic resources of the city for social mobility. It also analyzes how the efficacy of the reforms is imperiled by interactional practices in Sinhala-majority public spaces that reinforce ethnic divisions and power inequalities. Davis demonstrates the difficulties of using language policy to ameliorate conflict if it does not also address how that conflict is produced and reproduced in everyday talk.