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Статті в журналах з теми "Symbiotic exchange"
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Molina, Víctor Hugo, Raúl Eduardo Castillo-Medina, and Patricia Elena Thomé. "Experimentally Induced Bleaching in the Sea Anemone Exaiptasia Supports Glucose as a Main Metabolite Associated with Its Symbiosis." Journal of Marine Biology 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3130723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our current understanding of carbon exchange between partners in the Symbiodinium-cnidarian symbioses is still limited, even though studies employing carbon isotopes have made us aware of the metabolic complexity of this exchange. We examined glycerol and glucose metabolism to better understand how photosynthates are exchanged between host and symbiont. The levels of these metabolites were compared between symbiotic and bleached Exaiptasia pallida anemones, assaying enzymes directly involved in their metabolism. We measured a significant decrease of glucose levels in bleached animals but a significant increase in glycerol and G3P pools, suggesting that bleached animals degrade lipids to compensate for the loss of symbionts and seem to rely on symbiotic glucose. The lower glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase but higher glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase specific activities measured in bleached animals agree with a metabolic deficit mainly due to the loss of glucose from the ruptured symbiosis. These results corroborate previous observations on carbon translocation from symbiont to host in the sea anemone Exaiptasia, where glucose was proposed as a main translocated metabolite. To better understand photosynthate translocation and its regulation, additional research with other symbiotic cnidarians is needed, in particular, those with calcium carbonate skeletons.
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Marcinkowski, Andrzej. "Environmental Efficiency of Industrial Symbiosis – LCA Case Study for Gypsum Exchange." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2018-0100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A review of the available literature concerning environmental impact assessment for industrial symbiosis has been carried out. The authors have recommended the use of life cycle assessment method for this purpose. It was stated that so far few studies presenting LCA results of industrial symbiosis have been published. Among the factors which contribute to the success of symbiotic exchange, the close location of collaborating companies has been often mentioned. This paper presents LCA results concerning the environmental impact of symbiotic gypsum transmission. Concepts of relative distance and critical distance for the case of industrial symbiosis were proposed and defined. Significant difference between critical distance obtained for particular endpoints were observed (3.5- 564 km). Application of Life Cycle Sustainability Triangle enabled the estimation of critical distance taking into account various impact categories. A sensitivity analysis indicated the relationship between critical distance and the means of transport which reflected the effect of scale. The critical distance determined for heavy trucks was 3.2 - 3.9 times longer than in case of lighter vehicles.
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Pringle, Elizabeth G., and Corrie S. Moreau. "Community analysis of microbial sharing and specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant–hemipteran symbiosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1850 (March 15, 2017): 20162770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ants have long been renowned for their intimate mutualisms with trophobionts and plants and more recently appreciated for their widespread and diverse interactions with microbes. An open question in symbiosis research is the extent to which environmental influence, including the exchange of microbes between interacting macroorganisms, affects the composition and function of symbiotic microbial communities. Here we approached this question by investigating symbiosis within symbiosis. Ant–plant–hemipteran symbioses are hallmarks of tropical ecosystems that produce persistent close contact among the macroorganism partners, which then have substantial opportunity to exchange symbiotic microbes. We used metabarcoding and quantitative PCR to examine community structure of both bacteria and fungi in a Neotropical ant–plant–scale-insect symbiosis. Both phloem-feeding scale insects and honeydew-feeding ants make use of microbial symbionts to subsist on phloem-derived diets of suboptimal nutritional quality. Among the insects examined here, Cephalotes ants and pseudococcid scale insects had the most specialized bacterial symbionts, whereas Azteca ants appeared to consume or associate with more fungi than bacteria, and coccid scale insects were associated with unusually diverse bacterial communities. Despite these differences, we also identified apparent sharing of microbes among the macro-partners. How microbial exchanges affect the consumer-resource interactions that shape the evolution of ant–plant–hemipteran symbioses is an exciting question that awaits further research.
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Khokhani, Devanshi, Cristobal Carrera Carriel, Shivangi Vayla, Thomas B. Irving, Christina Stonoha-Arther, Nancy P. Keller, and Jean-Michel Ané. "Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks." Annual Review of Microbiology 75, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 583–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-051921-114809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.
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Sun, S., and G. Xu. "Sugar transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses, there is a reciprocal nutrient exchange, mainly sugar and phosphate, between partners. Transport of phosphate from fungus to plant has been well characterized, and this aspect of AM symbiosis has been reviewed. This mini-review is specifically devoted to sugar transport from plant to fungus in AM symbiosis and discusses the possible links between sugar transporters and AM-inducible inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters and plasma membrane proton-ATPases in the arbuscule-cortical cell interface. Exploring the sugar transport mechanisms could further contribute to our understanding of nutrient exchange between the two symbiotic partners. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, sugar flux, sugar transporter, phosphate transporter, plasma membrane, H+-ATPase
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Ovtsyna, Aleksandra O., and Igor A. Tikhonovich. "Structure, functions and perspectives of practical application of the signal molecules inducing development of rhizobia-legume symbiosis." Ecological genetics 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2004): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen2314-24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil bacteria rhizobia establish nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plants. Mutual recognition of symbiotic partners and initiation of nodule formation occur via exchange by molecular signals secreted both by plant and bacteria. This review summarizes recent data about structural diversity, genetic control of biosynthesis and functional role of Nod-factors. The possibilities of practical application of flavonoids and Nod-factors in agriculture are discussed
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Amalric, C., H. Sallanon, F. Monnet, A. Hitmi, and A. Coudret. "Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Ryegrass Under Water Stress." Photosynthetica 37, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1007027131613.
Повний текст джерела
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Liu, Sida. "Lawyers, State Officials and Significant Others: Symbiotic Exchange in the Chinese Legal Services Market." China Quarterly 206 (June 2011): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741011000269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn China's legal services market, lawyers face strong competition from a variety of alternative legal service providers. Based upon 256 interviews with law practitioners and public officials, three years of ethnographic work on a professional internet forum, and extensive archival research, this article develops a theory of symbiotic exchange to analyse the competition between lawyers, basic-level legal workers and other practitioners in ordinary legal work, as well as how the state regulates these competing occupational groups. It argues that the dynamics of professional competition in the Chinese legal services market can be explained by the symbiotic exchange between law practitioners in the market and their regulatory agencies and officials in the state. Chinese lawyers have a weak market position because their exchange with the state is often not as strong and stable as their competitors. The prevalence of symbiotic exchange leads to the structural isomorphism between market and state institutions in China's transitional economy.
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Hinkle, Kenneth H., Francis C. Fekel, Richard Joyce, Thomas Lebzelter, and Oscar Straniero. "Masses of white dwarfs in symbiotic binaries." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S357 (October 2019): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392132000068x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMasses have been computed for the white dwarfs (WDs) in eclipsing, mass exchange (symbiotic), WD–red giant (RG) binaries by using single-lined spectroscopic orbits, orbital inclinations, and the RG masses. Inclinations have been measured for 13 eclipsing symbiotic binaries. Using Gaia data the mass of the RG can be found from evolutionary tracks. Since the WD evolved from the more massive star in the binary, the WD should be more massive than predicted from the mass of the current RG. Typically the WD has a lower mass than expected implying a previous mass exchange stage for these systems.
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Yurgel, Svetlana N., Jennifer Rice, Monika Mulder, and Michael L. Kahn. "GlnB/GlnK PII Proteins and Regulation of the Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021 Nitrogen Stress Response and Symbiotic Function." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 10 (March 19, 2010): 2473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01657-09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021ΔglnD-sm2 mutant, which is predicted to make a GlnD nitrogen sensor protein truncated at its amino terminus, fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with alfalfa, but the plants cannot use this nitrogen for growth (S. N. Yurgel and M. L. Kahn, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105:18958-18963, 2008). The mutant also has a generalized nitrogen stress response (NSR) defect. These results suggest a connection between GlnD, symbiotic metabolism, and the NSR, but the nature of this connection is unknown. In many bacteria, GlnD modifies the PII proteins, GlnB and GlnK, as it transduces a measurement of bacterial nitrogen status to a cellular response. We have now constructed and analyzed Rm1021 mutants missing GlnB, GlnK, or both proteins. Rm1021ΔglnKΔglnB was much more defective in its NSR than either single mutant, suggesting that GlnB and GlnK overlap in regulating the NSR in free-living Rm1021. The single mutants and the double mutant all formed an effective symbiosis, indicating that symbiotic nitrogen exchange could occur without the need for either GlnB or GlnK. N-terminal truncation of the GlnD protein interfered with PII protein modification in vitro, suggesting either that unmodified PII proteins were responsible for the glnD mutant's ineffective phenotype or that connecting GlnD and appropriate symbiotic behavior does not require the PII proteins.
Дисертації з теми "Symbiotic exchange"
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Zhang, Feng 1962 Aug 29. "Soybean symbiotic signal exchange, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation under suboptimal root zone temperatures." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the N$ sb2$ fixing legume symbiosis, suboptimal root zone temperatures (RZTs) not only decrease N$ sb2$ fixation. but reduce the formation and development of nodules. The purpose of this thesis was to elucidate the mechanism by which suboptimal RZTs affect nodulation and nodule development in legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and to attempt to find ways to overcome this inhibition. Initial studies characterized the RZT response in soybean plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In plants grown at RZTs from 25 to 17$ sp circ$C, the time between soybean inoculation with B. japonicum and the beginning of N$ sb2$ fixation increased by 2.5 days for every $ sp circ$C decrease, whereas below 17$ sp circ$C RZT each $ sp circ$C appeared to delay the onset of N$ sb2$ fixation by 7 days. RZTs less than 17$ sp circ$C strongly inhibited the nodulation process and, as a result also sharply decreased N$ sb2$ fixation per plant. The greater sensitivity below 17$ sp circ$C is due to events related to, or occurring before infection initiation. Coinoculation of soybean with B. japonicum and other microorganisms beneficial to legumes, either vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae or plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), increased soybean nodulation and N$ sb2$ fixation, but these increases were temperature dependent. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization had a negative effect on nodule establishment below 18.5$ sp circ$C RZT, but a positive one above this RZT. At each temperature tested some PGPR increased the amount of fixed N and number of nodules formed, whereas some decreased the level of these variables. The most stimulatory strain at each temperature was: 15$ sp circ$C-Serratia proteamaculans 1-102, 17.5$ sp circ$C - S. proteamaculans 1-102 and Aeromonas hydrophila P73, and 25$ sp circ$C - S. liquefaciens 2-68.Because our research indicated that an event before infection thread initiation was most sensitive, and because the first known step in establishment of the symbiosis is production of a plant-to-bacterial signal molecules. I tested whether the poor nodulation at suboptimal RZTs was related to disruption of plant-to-bacterium signalling. Inocula bacteria were preincubated with genistein, a major isoflavonoid signal molecule in soybean. This shortened the period between inoculation and root hair curling, and hastened the onset of N$ sb2$ fixation under both controlled environment and field conditions. At 15 and 17.5$ sp circ$C RZTs, 20 and 15 $ mu$M genistein was found to reduce the inhibition of suboptimal RZTs, increase nodulation, and accelerate the onset of ${ rm N} sb2$ fixation. When applied to the plant rhizosphere in the field, genistein also reduced the inhibitory effects of cold spring soils on nodulation and N$ sb2$ fixation. Direct measurements of genistein accumulation in soybean roots indicated that, with decreasing RZTs, genistein accumulation decreased. B. japonicum USDA110 containing plasmid ZB977 with nodY-lacZ fusion genes incubated with genistein under different temperatures indicated that higher genistein concentrations and longer incubation times were required to activate the lacZ gene to a maximum level under low incubation temperature. Overall, these findings suggested that plant-to-bacteria signal molecules such as genistein may be an important limiting factor in the nodulation of legume plants at low RZT.
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La, Angéla. "Process development for symbiotic culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chlorella vulgaris for in situ CO2 mitigation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC031/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La levure et la microalgue sont des microorganismes très étudiés pour la production de composés à haute valeur ajoutée pour des secteurs tels que l’agroalimentaire et l’énergie. Ce travail de thèse propose un procédé de culture mixte entre la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et la microalgue Chlorella vulgaris pour la croissance des deux espèces tout en limitant le rejet en CO2. Le procédé repose sur la symbiose mutuelle entre les deux organismes autour des échanges de gaz, qui est rendu possible en imposant une co-dominance en termes de population. Les populations doivent être équilibrées pour que les microalgues puissent gérer la production de CO2. Le procédé est réalisé en photo-bioréacteur de 5 litres non-aéré et fermé, afin d’éviter les échanges gazeux avec l’environnement externe. Dans cette configuration, le CO2 est produit sous forme dissoute et directement accessible aux microalgues, évitant les phénomènes de dégazage et de dissolution. Les populations de levures et de microalgues atteignent une concentration égale (20 millions de cellules par ml) au bout de 24 heures de culture, restent stables jusqu’à la fin de la culture (168 heures) et les microalgues recyclent 12% du CO2 produit par les levures. Un modèle cinétique de la levure et de la microalgue en culture mixte est développé en combinant les modèles individuels de la levure et de la microalgue. Le modèle prédictif de la levure prend en compte les possibles voies métaboliques impliquées dans la fermentation et la respiration de ces voies est prédite en y intégrant des facteurs de limitation. Le modèle de la microalgue est basé sur l’activité photosynthétique. Les résultats de ce travail montrent la faisabilité du procédé de culture mixte entre hétérotrophe et autotrophe et pourrait apporter les bases pour le développement d’un procédé écologique à faible impact environnementalYeast and microalgae are microorganisms widely studied for the production of high-value compounds used in food and energy area. This work proposes a process of mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chlorella vulgaris for both growth and CO2 mitigation. The process relies on mutual symbiosis between the two organisms through gas exchange, which is possible by engineering the co-dominance of populations. The two populations must be balanced in such a way so that microalgae can cope with the rate of CO2 production by the yeast activity. The process is performed in non-aerated 5l-photo-bioreactor fitted with a fermentation lock to prevent gas exchange with the outside atmosphere. With this set-up, the CO2 is produced in dissolved form and is available to the microalgae avoiding degassing and dissolution phenomena. The two organism populations are balanced at approximately 20 millions cells per ml, 12% CO2 produced by yeast was reutilized by microalgae within 168 hours of culture. A yeast and microalgae growth model in mixed culture is developed by combining each individual growth model. The predictive yeast model considers the possible metabolic pathways involved in fermentation and respiration and imposes limitation factors on these pathways, in this manner, the model can predict the partition of these pathways. The microalgae individual model is based on the photosynthetic activity. The results of this work show the feasibility of such process and could provide a basis for the development of a green process of low environmental impact
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Cusant, Loïc. "La boîte à outils génétique des champignons mycorhiziens pour les échanges de carbone avec leurs plantes hôtes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5281/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules (MA) est une interaction mutualiste entre la plupart des plantes terrestres et des champignons appartenant à l'embranchement des Gloméromycètes. Dans cette interaction, le champignon agit en extension du système racinaire et permet à la plante d'accéder à des minéraux inaccessibles par le seul système racinaire. Les minéraux récupérés dans le sol, particulièrement le phosphore, sont ensuite échangés dans les racines des plantes hôtes contre des molécules carbonées nécessaires à la croissance de ces champignons. Les champignons MA sont en effet dépendants d'hexoses et de l'acide palmitique fournis par la plante hôte. Cette double dépendance inhabituelle soulève plusieurs questions biologiques. Autant les transporteurs fongiques de sucres ont été caractérisés, autant l'acquisition des acides gras (AG) demeure mal décrite. La régulation de cette double dépendance est inconnue : les transports de sucres et d'AG sont-ils co-régulés ? Il a été décrit que de fortes concentrations en phosphate dans la rhizosphère bloque le transport symbiotique de sucres. Cette répression agit-elle dans le transport des AG ? Comment un champignon MA associé à plusieurs plantes régule-t-il l'acquisition des différents nutriments de ces multiples hôtes ? Les échanges sont-ils équivalents ? Peut-il obtenir plus de sucres de la part d'une plante et plus d'AG de la part de l'autre ? Pour y répondre, des designs expérimentaux originaux ont été mis au point, parallèlement à des outils de transcriptomique et des stratégies de validation fonctionnelle. Le premier chapitre présente un nouvel outil d'analyse de l'expression de gènes pour le champignon modèle Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198 : RhiirExpress. Cet atlas de gènes, est un site web regroupant des multiples données de séquençage des ARN. Les données publiques ainsi que des données du laboratoire ont été traitées par un même pipeline informatique. Une première application de RhiirExpress a porté sur l'analyse du transportome de Rhizophagus irregularis dans 54 conditions biologiques différentes. Cette première analyse a permis de caractériser les différents patrons d'expression des gènes du transportome selon les phases de croissance asymbiotiques, présymbiotiques et symbiotiques. Cette analyse a démontré des mécanismes d'absorption et d'utilisation des nutriments très contrastés selon les stades physiologiques du champignon. Le second chapitre s'intéresse au fonctionnement du champignon lorsque celui-ci est simultanément connecté à un plant de sorgho et un plant de peuplier, ainsi qu'aux perturbations engendrées selon la disponibilité en phosphate. Ce design expérimental a permis de démontrer que le champignon ne se comporte pas équitablement selon les plantes. Dans notre cas le peuplier est une plante ligneuse pérenne avec un métabolisme C3 alors que le sorgho est une herbacée annuelle avec un métabolisme C4. Nos résultats montrent que R. irregularis est capable d'allouer différemment ses ressources aux différentes plantes hôtes, et suggèrent que les transports de sucres et d'AG pourraient être modulés de façon disjointes. Dans le dernier chapitre, les gènes de R. irregularis impliqués dans le métabolisme des AG sont analysés. Les principaux acteurs du métabolisme des AG sont analysés durant toutes les étapes du cycle de vie des champignons MA avec une attention particulière apportée aux lipases sécrétées qui pourraient jouer un rôle dans l'acquisition des AG de l'hôte.[...]Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a widespread mutualistic interaction between most land plants and fungi in the phylum of Glomeromycota. During this interaction, the fungus acts as an extension of the root system to recruit soil minerals and water, otherwise out of reach for plants. These minerals foraged by the fungus, particularly phosphorus, are bartered in host roots for carbon molecules necessary for development as AM fungi are unable to grow saprotrophically. It was recently demonstrated that AM fungi are dependent on hexoses and fatty acid (FA) delivered by the host plant. Such double dependency is intriguing and opens several biological questions. Firstly, although sugar transporters involved in AM symbiosis where identified, transport of lipids remains elusive. Secondly, regulation of this double C transport is unknown: are sugar/FA transports intertwined or independent? It was described that a high concentration of phosphate in the rhizosphere blocks symbiotic sugar transport. Is such regulation involved for FA exchanges? Thirdly, an AM fungus can be associated at the same time to different plants, even different plant species. How does the fungus regulate its nutrient exchanges? Are they stoichiometrically regulated whatever host plants, or does the fungus obtain more palmitic acid from one plant whereas more sugar from another? To deal with these questions, original experimental designs were developed, as transcriptomic specific tools and strategies of functional validation. The first chapter presents a new tool to investigate gene regulation from the model fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198: RhiirExpress. This gene atlas, based on the Rhiir2.1 version gene repertoire, consists of a website gathering public and in house mRNAseq data analyzed with the same bioinformatic pipeline. The first application of Rhiirexpress was dedicated to analyzing the regulation of genes involved in the transportome of Rhizophagus irregularis in 54 biological conditions. This analysis allowed characterizing transporter gene patterns differently expressed in asymbiotic, presymbiotic and symbiotic stages, pointing out very contrasted absorptive strategies according to developmental stages. In the second chapter we address the issue of the functioning of the fungus when connecting poplar and sorghum, and the disturbance of phosphate availability in the CMN on its functioning. Using transcriptomic and metabolic measures, this original experimental set-up showed that the fungus is acting very differently between plants having different demands. Poplar is a perennial woody plant with a C3 metabolism while sorghum is an annual grass with a C4 metabolism. The results showed that R. irregularis is able to differently allocate its resources according to host plants, and suggested that sugar and FA transports could be differentially modulated. In the last chapter, the genes involved in FA metabolism of Rhizophagus irregularis were analyzed. Key players of the FA metabolism were characterized along AM fungal life cycle, with a specific focus on putative secreted lipases that could be involved in plant FA acquisition. Light intensity and excess of phosphate were used as modulators of symbiotic activity and FA transport. Functional approaches were carried out to investigate the role of candidate genes. Finally, we propose that FA acquisition occurred by active transport in mature arbuscules, and a passive mechanism when arbuscules collapse. We propose that the limitation of FA acquisition to arbuscule collapsing is an adaptive mechanism to a long biotrophic interaction. This work aims at drawing up an overall picture of the FA metabolism in relation to the transportome of these ecologically important fungi
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Terway, Timothy M. (Timothy Michael). "Industrial symbiosis and the successional city : adapting exchange networks to energy constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-[119]).
Industrial ecology offers models for hybridizing technology and natural processes, human desires and the capacities of ecosystems in an effort to reconcile the expanding conflicts among them. Industrial symbiosis applies this thinking to the scale of the city and its supporting industrial operations. Case studies of industrial symbiosis, which is the changing of linear, open-loop production to closed-loop systems through the reuse and exchange of waste materials, energy, and knowledge, showcase advantages in waste and energy use reduction within the United States. What are the major limits holding back the widespread development of industrial symbiosis in this country and how can they be overcome? Secondly, what tools can foster its large-scale implementation once the constraints are overcome? Methodologically, the successful study of the future capacity of industrial symbiosis within the American context must address the future consequences of resources that are no longer cheap nor abundant, as well as the current state of their production, distribution, and consumption.
(cont.) The major constraints facing industrial symbiosis in America are: current extremely high subsidies in transport and resource costs, low symbiosis visibility, non-existent data collection standards, undeveloped communication networks, and no unified regulatory mechanisms. Future limits and cost changes in transport and resources will become the ultimate push to make exchange habits a widespread practice in the United States, enabling the above issues to be effectively addressed. The timing of these limits is uncertain. Yet, planners must be in the right place at the right time with the proper tools to facilitate a transition to the widespread implementation of industrial symbiosis. This thesis provides a framework for how planners can foster the successful large-scale implementation of industrial symbiosis in the U.S. through a variety of interventions. It suggests four distinct tools: increased visibility of industrial symbiosis through marketing outlets; a new web-based "social-networking" tool for industries to share information and expand communication; a multiple-tiered regulation structure to facilitate standards development; and lastly physical planning that intelligently responds to future trends in energy, resources, mobility, and spatial patterns of industrial development.
by Timothy M. Terway.
M.C.P.
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Camparotti, Carlos Eduardo Soares. "Inclusão do conceito de simbiose industrial na definição do layout: uma proposta conceitual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-28042015-083119/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O aspecto ambiental está cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das empresas, as quais necessitam reduzir custos e diminuir seus impactos ambientais sempre, concomitantemente a isso tem a necessidade de diminuir a disposição de resíduos na natureza e a extração desenfreada de recursos naturais finitos. Um conceito importante encontrado na literatura é a Simbiose Industrial (SI), a qual busca reutilizar resíduos para obter um sistema fechado com a diminuição de impactos ambientais. A SI ocorre entre empresas e estas são preferíveis que estejam dentro de um parque para maior eficiência, portanto pode-se considerar que a proximidade geográfica influencia no sucesso dela e que o arranjo físico do parque deve ser planejado para atingir melhores resultados. Este trabalho propõe um procedimento composto por seis passos, baseados principalmente no modelo Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) de Muther (1973) para planejar o layout de empresas que participam da SI dentro de um sistema com limites definidos, de forma a encontrar o melhor arranjo físico que favoreça as trocas simbióticas e os relacionamentos criados. O procedimento proposto direciona desde a coleta de dados, passando pelo matching, análise e fluxo, até o estabelecimento das inter-relações das empresas dentro do espaço. Para demonstrar a aplicação do procedimento e os possíveis resultados, realizou-se uma aplicação deste através da coleta de dados de empresas que irão participar de um parque ecológico no interior de São Paulo. Os dados foram utilizados e o procedimento resultou em um arranjo físico das empresas, com foco naquelas que realizam trocas simbióticas. O resultado foi analisado teoricamente, principalmente em relação a SI, que necessita ser o centro do layout final, sendo considerado satisfatório por atender o objetivo proposto, além disso foram colocadas algumas ideias para melhorar a questão da proximidade geográfica ao máximo. Os trabalhos futuros necessitam considerar o fluxo de produtos, em caso da presença de uma cadeia logística no parque e a necessidade de implementação do resultado para maiores análises.The environmental aspect is increasingly present in daily companies routine, these companies always need to reduce costs and decrease their environmental impacts, concomitantly to that there is the need to reduce the residue disposal in the nature and the unbridled extraction of finite natural resources. An important concept found in literature is the Industrial Symbiosis (IS), which seeks to reuse residues to obtain a closed system with the environment impacts diminution. The IS occurs between companies and they are preferable to be inside a park for more efficiency, so it can be considered that geographical proximity influences in its success and that the park layout must be well planned to reach better results. This research proposes a procedure composed by six steps mainly based on Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) model from Muther (1973) to plan the layout of companies which participate in IS inside a system with defined limits, to find the best layout that favors the symbiotic exchanges and the created relationships. The proposed procedure directs since the data collection, passing by the matching, the flow analysis, until the establishment of the companies interrelationships inside the space. To demonstrate the procedure application and the possible results, this research held an application of the procedure through the data collection in the companies that are going to participate at an ecological park within the state of São Paulo. The data was used and the procedure resulted in the layout of the companies, focusing on that ones which perform symbiotic exchanges. The result was theoretically analyzed, mainly in relation to the IS, which needs to be the center of the final layout, it was considered satisfactory because attended the proposed objective, furthermore some ideas were given to improve the question of the geographic proximity to the maximum. The future researches need to consider the products flow, in case of the presence of a logistic chain in the park and the necessity of the implementation of the results to better analysis.
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Hemmer, Florian. "An Adapted Approach to Industrial Symbiosis : With a case study on the northern Stockholm region." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-107774.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerous attempts have been made to create or facilitate Industrial Symbiosis networks and self-organized networks have been uncovered. Existing networks have been studied to identify its success or failure and its context. This thesis tries to suggest and assess an adapted approach to establish successful industrial symbiosis, with a case study on the northern Stockholm region. An extensive literature review, meetings with experts and stakeholder interaction by questionnaires, interviews and a workshop were used. Potential obstructions were identified, possibilities of self-organizations and planning explored and solutions suggested. Combined with the feedback from 25 questionnaires and a workshop with local stakeholders an approach to establishing industrial symbiosis in northern Stockholm was suggested and assessed. A neutral coordinator or waste companies were concluded to have a good chance of establishing an industrial symbiosis network in the region. Using existing networks, creating awareness and providing knowledge and examples are important factors for establishing an industrial symbiosis network.
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Haider, Muhammad Zulqurnain. "Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in exchange of nutrients between the fungus and the host plant within the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La symbiose mycorhizienne entre les champignons du sol et les racines de la plupart des plantes constitue une relation à bénéfice réciproque et joue un rôle majeur dans la productivité des écosystèmes. Les récentes avancées dans le domaine ont abouties à l'identification et à la caractérisation fonctionnelle de nombreux systèmes de transport du partenaire fongique. Le travail présenté s'inscrit dans le cadre de développement d'outils permettant la localisation de gènes d'intérêts du champignon ectomycorhizien Hebeloma cylindrosporum et de leur caractérisation fonctionnelle. Les systèmes de transport candidats ont été identifiés au sein d'une banque EST du champignon et semblent impliqués dans les échanges de phosphate (Pi) et de potassium (K+) entre Hebeloma et la plante hôte Pinus pinaster. Une stratégie de fusion transcriptionnelle utilisant l'EGFP comme gène rapporteur a été développée pour permettre la localisation de deux transporteurs de phosphate, HcPT1 et HcPT2, d'un transporteur de potassium, HcTrk1, et d'un canal potassique de type Shaker, HcSKC1, dans les hyphes en culture pure et au sein de l'ectomycorhize. Les Agrotransformations de la souche h7 d'Hebeloma avec des vecteurs de fusion transcriptionnelle ont montré une expression mycélienne de l'EGFP sous contrôle des promoteurs de nos gènes d'intérêts. Sous contrôle des différents promoteurs, l'expression de l'EGFP apparait comme étant site-spécifique dans les hyphes différenciés des ectomycorhizes. Le promoteur du transporteur de Pi HcPT1 induit l'expression du gène rapporteur au niveau des hyphes extramatriciels et du manteau mycélien entourant la racine. De plus, son expression est stimulée en cas de carence en Pi, indiquant ainsi l'implication de ce transporteur dans la récupération du Pi du sol lorsque celui-ci devient limitant. Pour ce qui est du promoteur de HcTrk1, il permet l'expression de l'EGFP dans les hyphes extraracinaires et dans le manteau, tandis que celui de HcSKC1 permet son expression au niveau du réseau de Hartig et du manteau. Ceci indique, qu'ils semblent respectivement participer à la récupération du K+ du sol et à son excrétion vers la plante. Pour poursuivre la caractérisation fonctionnelle de nos systèmes de transport candidats, un second canal potassique, HcSKC2, a été isolé à partir de la souche h1 et exprimé dans des ovocytes de xénope. Tout comme HcSKC1, HcSKC2 n'a pas été actif en système d'expression hétérologue. Cependant, des fusions traductionnelles avec l'EGFP ont montré que la protéine HcSKC2 est bien dirigée à la membrane. En perspective, la caractérisation fonctionnelle de ce canal issue de la souche h7 récemment séquencée sera tentéeThe mycorrhizal symbiosis made it possible the first plants to conquest emerged lands and is a major biological phenomenon of terrestrial ecosystems. The fungal partner efficiently takes up nutritive ions from the soil solution and transfers them to the host plants in exchange for photosynthetates. However, despite the importance of this symbiosis on ecosystem productivity, our knowledge about molecular processes controlling this symbiotic interaction and solute transports at the membrane level is very scarce. The objective of the project aims at dissecting part of the molecular mechanisms required for a functional ectomycorrhizal symbiosis associated with most of the woody species from boreal and temperate forests, by focusing on K+ exchanges occurring through the continuum soil-hyphae-plant. The general aim of the project is to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the polarization and differentiation of the plasma membrane between the site of nutrient uptake and the site of efflux into the apoplastic space in the ectomycorrhizal root. The team "Canaux Ioniques – Ion channels" has obtained an EST library of the fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum (1) and has identified and characterized a potassium transporter of the Trk family (2). Also a Shaker-type potassium cannel was identified within the EST library but it is not yet functionally characterized. A second transcript was found from this channel with a longer N-terminus compared to the first transcript isolated in the beginning. Also, a sugar transporter was identified among the ESTs that could participate in the absorption of sugars, coming from the host plant, by the fungus. The objective of the PhD thesis is the functional characterization of these fungal transport systems as well as their localization. The functional characterization of these candidate genes will be accomplished using heterologous expression systems (Xenopus oocytes, COS cells, complementation of yeast mutants) and by the means of electrophysiology. Localization of genes within the fungus being in symbiotic interaction with the host plant, the tree Pinus pinaster, will help to better understand the role of the transport systems. The differentiation of the fungus, when establishing symbiosis, into the specialized interfaces soil-fungus and fungal cell- host plant cell within the ectomycorrhiza (Hartig net) is probably accompanied by a specific expression of transport proteins and ion channels
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Willis, A. E. "Aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal ecology : AM fungal nutrient-function efficiency in a primary sand-dune ecosystem on the west coast of India." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/2a44742e-2729-479e-a467-3d15e1fbca87/1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root and soil inhabiting symbionts with higher plants. The fungi are especially nutrient-function efficient in nutrient deficient soils. There have been innumerable studies of AM fungal facilitation of plant nutrient uptake in controlled environments. Comparatively little similar investigation has been undertaken in natural soils, including investigation of taxon specific nutrient-function efficiency in the phylum. Plant diversity and frequency, soil chemistry statuses, and AM spore diversity and abundance were sampled in an interrupted-belt transect in an aggrading dune sytem on west-coast India, followed by foredunes and transect nutrient amendment experiments in selected plant species. The transect extends 175 m inland from mean high-water mark (MH-WM). Examination showed nutrients were consistently deficient. A plant zonation pattern and increasing frequency over the transect were indicated, as well as decreasing pH and increasing organic matter (OM)-amendment AM species diversity gradients. Plant zonation does not correlate with soil chemistry. There was a distinct soil transition at the 175 m point and evidence of further system partition between foredune and behind-foredune regions. Plant and AM demographies bore no resemblance suggesting neither is driven by the other. Four AM genera were recovered, Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Scutellospora in high abundance, Glomus in comparatively low abundance. The two co-dominant species, A. spinosa and Gi. margarita, displayed divergent strategies in OM amendment. Certain AM taxa may be functionally associated with particular soil nutrients. There was no evidence of taxon-specific nutrient-function efficiency.
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Rocha, Lisiane Kleinkauf da. "A simbiose industrial aplicada na interrelação de empresas e seus stakeholders na cadeia produtiva metal-mecânica na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3212.
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Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
FNMA - Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente
Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
SEMA - Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente (RS)
Ao longo dos anos, o desenvolvimento industrial trouxe impactos positivos e negativos à sociedade. O setor metal mecânico está inserido neste contexto, pois se caracteriza como setor de grande impacto ambiental adverso, além de consumir recursos naturais, gera uma série de resíduos sólidos, efluentes líquidos e emissões atmosféricas. Na Simbiose Industrial, os vários agentes (stakeholders) que participam, direta ou indiretamente, das atividades das empresas são os grandes propulsores das mudanças em prol da prevenção da poluição. Essa relação entre as partes pode acontecer de diversas formas, formando uma rede de melhorias ambientais conjuntas. É exatamente neste ponto que esta pesquisa pretende expandir-se e estudar a inter-relação das empresas com seus demais atores. Quem motiva quem? Quem ou quais são as molas propulsoras das mudanças ambientais? Que interrelações com esse propósito já acontecem nas empresas? De que forma ocorrem? Essas questões, abrangentes e complexas, são avaliadas e discutidas ao longo deste trabalho e aprofundadas em estudos de caso realizados em três empresas do setor. O estudo também contempla uma identificação das indústrias deste setor na área de abrangência citada, que aponta 331 empresas localizadas em 17 municípios dos trechos médio e inferior da Bacia dos Sinos, que é onde ocorrem os maiores impactos negativos oriundos de atividades industriais. Dentro do contexto apresentado, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o de contribuir para a minimização dos impactos ambientais gerados pelo setor metal-mecânico na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos, tendo como horizonte a Ecologia Industrial. Aliando os resultados da identificação das indústrias e dos estudos de caso, o presente trabalho propõe um modelo de Simbiose Industrial, com o foco em coprodutos, aplicável ao setor, na área de abrangência da Bacia dos Sinos. O modelo é composto de sete etapas, que impulsionam as melhorias ambientais dos participantes, englobando desde a realização de uma gestão ambiental preventiva até a criação de uma rede de intercâmbios de co-produtos e recursos intangíveis, como conhecimento e informações. Para tal, diversos stakeholders são fundamentais, como entidades de apoio, universidades e instituições de fomento. Os estudos de caso demonstram que não existe uma única resposta à questão sobre os motivos das empresas para aprimorarem-se ambientalmente. A empresa X possui uma motivação exclusivamente cultural. A Empresa Y tem sua motivação mais arraigada na pessoa do diretor da empresa no que na empresa, embora exista um grande esforço do diretor para tal. Já na Empresa Z, a motivação é exclusivamente estratégica. De qualquer forma, os estudos demonstram que a cultura ou educação ambiental direcionam os motivos da mudança. Identificaram-se relações simbióticas entre empresas e stakeholders nos três casos estudados.
Over the years, industrial development has brought positive and negative impacts on society. The metal mechanic sector is em bedded in this respect because it is characterized as a sector of major adverse environmental impact, in addition to consuming natural resources; it generates a series of solid wastes, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions. Industrial Symbiosis in the various actors (stakeholders) involved, directly or indirectly, the activities of firms are major drivers of change towards pollution prevention. This relationship between the parties can happen in various ways, such as forming a network of joint environmental improvements. It is exactly this point that it intends to expand and explore the inter-relation of the companies with their other players. Who drives whom? Who or what are the mains prings of environmental change? Those inter-relationships for this purpose is already happening in business? How do they occur? These issues, comprehensive and complex, are addressed, evaluated and discussed throughout this work and in-depth case studies in three companies in the industry. The study also includes an identification of the industries of this sector in the area range cited, which identifies 331 companies located in 17 cities from the medium and lower Basin of the Sinos River, which is where the greatest impacts occur from industrial activities. Within the context presented, this dissertation ma in objective is to contribute to the minimization of environmental impacts caused by the metal-mechanic sector in the Basin of Sinos River, having in mind the Industrial Ecology. Combining the results of identification of industries and case studies, this dissertation proposes a model of industrial symbiosis, focusing on by-products, applicable to the sector in the area of the Basin of the Sinos River. The model consists of seven steps that drive environmental improvements of the participants, comprising the implementation of a preventive environmental management for creating a network for exchange of by-products and intangible assets such as knowledge and information. To this end, several stakeholders are the key, such as support entities, universities and funding institutions. The case studies show that there is no single answer to the question about the motives of companies to improve themselves environmentally. Company X has a purely cultural motivation. Company Y has its motivation rooted more in the person of the company's director from the company, although there is a great director for this effort. In the Z Company, the motivation is purely strategic. Anyway, studies show that culture or environmental education directs the reasons for the change. It was identified symbiotic relationships between companies and stakeholders in the three cases studied.
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Po-HsuanChuang and 莊帛軒. "Perception - Investigation of Symbiotic Relationships between Human and Natural Environment by Air Exchange." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xjb9a2.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系
105
Since the global atmosphere's composition has drastically changed because of the excess carbon dioxide, it has become clear that “air” is omnipresent and extremely important for our survival. However, the colorless, tasteless, and odorless nature of the air makes it difficult to detect. In addition, human have been living in complex urban environments for a long time. Because of this, most of us are aware of our planet's environmental problems; for example sometimes we cannot even feel that we are breathing. Our “perception ability” to detect air is decreasing. Humans use scientific and technological research and development, to try to reduce the impact of carbon dioxide on the environment, but we all overlook the fact that plants are “carbon recyclers” in the natural carbon cycle, while humans are “carbon producers”; the two are complementary. We should use this fact to explore our fundamental mutual relationship by examining our “air exchange”. This paper is a study of the “air-exchange system”of building. Take high altitude forest like Chilai Mountains as a research and design base, and use double-layer curtain wall structure consists of ETFE membrane and air separation membrane to create space. It uses special environmental space experience to strengthen people’s ability to perceive air, and to investigate the new symbiotic relationship between human and natural environment.
Книги з теми "Symbiotic exchange"
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Hsu, Madeline Y. Symbiotic Brain Drains. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164021.003.0008.
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This chapter analyzes immigration reform and the knowledge worker recruitment aspects of the Hart–Celler Act of 1965 to track the intensifying convergence of educational exchange programs, economic nationalism, and immigration reform. During the Cold War, the State Department expanded cultural diplomacy programs so that the numbers of international students burgeoned, particularly in the fields of science. Although the programs were initially conceived as a way of instilling influence over the future leaders of developing nations, international students, particularly from Taiwan, India, and South Korea, took advantage of minor changes in immigration laws and bureaucratic procedures that allowed students, skilled workers, and technical trainees to gain legal employment and eventually permanent residency and thereby remain in the United States.
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Kirchman, David L. Symbioses and microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0014.
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The book ends with a chapter devoted to discussing interactions between microbes and higher plants and animals. Symbiosis is sometimes used to describe all interactions, even negative ones, between organisms in persistent, close contact. This chapter focuses on interactions that benefit both partners (mutualism), or one partner while being neutral to the other (commensalism). Microbes are essential to the health and ecology of vertebrates, including Homo sapiens. Microbial cells outnumber human cells on our bodies, aiding in digestion and warding off pathogens. In consortia similar to the anaerobic food chain of anoxic sediments, microbes are essential in the digestion of plant material by deer, cattle, and sheep. Different types of microbes form symbiotic relationships with insects and help to explain their huge success in the biosphere. Protozoa are crucial for wood-boring insects, symbiotic bacteria in the genus Buchnera provide sugars to host aphids while obtaining essential amino acids in exchange, and fungi thrive in subterranean gardens before being harvested for food by ants. Symbiotic dinoflagellates directly provide organic material to support coral growth in exchange for ammonium and other nutrients. Corals are now threatened worldwide by rising oceanic temperatures, decreasing pH, and other human-caused environmental changes. At hydrothermal vents in some deep oceans, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria fuel an entire ecosystem and endosymbiotic bacteria support the growth of giant tube worms. Higher plants also have many symbiotic relationships with bacteria and fungi. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes and other plants fix more nitrogen than free-living bacteria. Fungi associated with plant roots (“mycorrhizal”) are even more common and potentially provide plants with phosphorus as well as nitrogen. Symbiotic microbes can provide other services to their hosts, such as producing bioluminescence, needed for camouflage against predators. In the case of the bobtail squid, bioluminescence is only turned on when populations of the symbiotic bacteria reach critical levels, determined by a quorum sensing mechanism.
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Moser, Peter. Growing Community Music Through a Sense of Place. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.26.
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Our relationships to places, people, and our physical and metaphysical environment drive our personal journeys. Our identity develops from birth through this complex web of relationships where skills, creativity, and personality grow in unique pathways. A sense of place is about this personal development as well as the way communities grow in response to their constituents in a symbiotic process of sympathetic exchange. This chapter will examine how music and culture articulate these changes and through examining forms of practice in historic and geographic contexts I will also investigate aspects of the role of the artist, educator, and facilitator. Over thirty years I have created work inspired by the towns and countryside of Morecambe Bay in the North West of England. Through detailed examination of this work in this chapter, I introduce themes of cultural creativity, vernacular art, and civic and personal celebration that are at the heart of the work of a community musician.
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Pinn, Anthony B. Interplay of Things. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021766.
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In Interplay of Things Anthony B. Pinn theorizes religion as a technology for interrogating human experiences and the boundaries between people and other things. Rather than considering religion in terms of institutions, doctrines, and creeds, Pinn shows how religion exposes the openness and porousness of all things and how they are always involved in processes of exchange and interplay. Pinn examines work by Nella Larsen and Richard Wright that illustrates an openness between things, and he traces how pop art and readymades point to the multidirectional nature of influence. He also shows how Ron Athey's and Clifford Owens's performance art draws out inherent interconnectedness to various cultural codes in ways that reveal the symbiotic relationship between art and religion as a technology. Theorizing that antiblack racism and gender- and class-based hostility constitute efforts to close off the porous nature of certain bodies, Pinn shows how many artists have rebelled against these attempts to counter openness. His analyses offer a means by which to understand the porous, unbounded, and open nature of humans and things.
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Anderson, Greg. The Circulation of Life’s Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0016.
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To conclude the book’ s alternative account of the Athenian politeia, the chapter offers a recursive analysis of the resource flows which made this way of life possible. The result is very different from a conventional modern secular economic analysis. Instead, it treats resource transactions as the lifeblood of a cosmic ecology that united gods, land, and people in a condition of symbiotic interdependency. The most important of all these transactions were those between gods and humans, whereby the latter received secure conditions of existence in exchange for temples, sacrifices, votive treasures, and other often costly ritual offerings. The most important of the resource transactions between humans were marriages, whereby the managerial and reproductive capacities of females were transferred from one household to another, thereby perpetuating the life of the social body. Contrary to the “egalitarian” ethos which moderns believe animated “democratic Athens,” demokratia would also have been unsustainable without the innumerable contributions of resources, material and otherwise, that were made by a relatively small number of super-wealthy Athenian households. And in a polis where members typically worked only for themselves, the existence of these ecologically essential super-wealthy households would have been unsustainable without the routine exploitation of slaves.
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Kraus, Jennifer. Nutrient exchange in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: Glutamate catabolism by Rhizobium meliloti. 1987.
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Gravil, Richard. Coleridge and Wordsworth: Collaboration and Criticism from Salisbury Plain to Aids to Reflection. Edited by Frederick Burwick. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199644179.013.0003.
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This article examines the collaboration and ‘symbiosis’ of English poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. It explains that this celebrated friendship involved intimate and creative gift exchange both in world view and in the craft of verse, and that two instances of this gift were Frost at Midnight and Tintern Abbey, two of the greatest poems of 1798. The article contends that the long-term outcome of this friendship was a weakening of each poet's confidence in his own voice.
Частини книг з теми "Symbiotic exchange"
1
Werner, D., and P. Müller. "Communication and Efficiency in the Symbiotic Signal Exchange." In Environmental Signal Processing and Adaptation, 9–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56096-5_2.
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Day, D. A., L. Whitehead, J. H. M. Hendriks, and S. D. Tyerman. "Nitrogen and Carbon Exchange Across Symbiotic Membranes from Soybean Nodules." In Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications, 557–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0379-4_66.
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Streeter, J. G., and S. O. Salminen. "Carbon Metabolism and the Exchange of Metabolites Between Symbionts in Legume Nodules." In Physiological Limitations and the Genetic Improvement of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, 11–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1401-8_2.
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Saito, Masanori. "Symbiotic Exchange of Nutrients in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Transport and Transfer of Phosphorus." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 85–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0776-3_5.
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Haaker, H., M. M. Szafran, H. J. Wassink, and M. A. Appels. "Malate, Aspartate and Proton Exchange Between Rhizobium Leguminosarvm Symbiosomes and Its Symbiotic Partner Pisum Sativum." In Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications, 565–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0379-4_67.
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Mallawaarachchi, Harshini, Gayani Karunasena, and Yasangika Sandanayake. "Optimizing the Efficiency of Resource Exchange in Industrial Symbiosis (IS)." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71062-4_52-1.
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Kahn, Michael L., Jennifer Kraus, and John E. Somerville. "A Model of Nutrient Exchange in the Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis." In Nitrogen fixation research progress, 193–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5175-4_26.
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Werner, D., H. Steele, C. Bolaños-Vasquez, and P. Vinuesa. "Molecular biology of signal exchange in the Rhizobium/Sinorhizobium/Mesorhizobium legume symbiosis." In Plant Nutrition, 618–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_299.
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Maynard Smith, John, and Eors Szathmary. "Symbiosis." In The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198502944.003.0015.
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The establishment of a permanent and obligate coexistence of genetic entities that were once capable of independent existence played an important part in the origin of the eukaryotes, and, if our earlier speculations are correct, in the origin of cells and chromosomes. In this chapter, we discuss other examples of symbiosis. The term is used to include all cases in which two or more different kinds of organism live in close association: thus it extends from parasitism to mutualism. Mutualism has been defined as a relationship from which both partners benefit. However, as will become clearer below, it is hard to measure, or even to define, ‘benefits’: in what sense is a mitochondrion today better off than its once free-living ancestors? The two questions that we shall ask are: • What are the selective force acting on the two partners in present-day symbioses? • Could such selective forces lead to the establishment of permanent and obligate coexistence? First, however, we review briefly some of the ecologically more important symbioses (for further examples, see Pirozynski & Hawksworth, 1988; Margulis & Fester, 1991). We mention only a fraction of the known mutualistic associations. Others, including cases of interaction between animals and prokaryotes, are discussed below. It is striking that symbiotic relationships have been important in the utilization by plants of nutrient-poor soils, the colonization of bare rock, life in deep-sea vents, the construction of coral reefs, and the utilization of plant material by several groups of insects. Sonea (1991; see also Sonea & Panisset, 1983) has pictured the world of bacteria as a single superorganism, whose individual component cells rely for their survival on ecological exchange of metabolites, and on genetic exchange via plasmids and phages. This picture has the virtue of emphasizing the important role played by plasmids and temperate phages in conferring on individual bacterial cells capacities needed in particular environments—for example, resistance to antibiotics, tolerance of heavy metals and new metabolic abilities. But the picture suffers from the drawback that is fatal to all holistic models of evolution, from the Gaia hypothesis downwards, of losing all sight of the units of selection, and hence of lacking any model of the dynamics of evolutionary change.
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"Introduction to Academy-Business Inter-Organizational Partnerships." In Partnership Motives and Ethics in Corporate Investment in Higher Education, 1–55. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4519-5.ch001.
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This chapter explores organizational theory including inter-organizational behavior and several pro-social concerns for both individuals and organizations. A wide range of organizational theories support academy-business inter-organizational partnership functionality. Such theories include rational, natural, and open systems; identity and pro-social behavior; institutional theory; resource dependence theory; social exchange theory; stakeholder theory; and academic capitalism. Inter-organizational behavior is supported by network functionality as well as cross-sectional involvement by the federal and state governments. Inter-organizational partnerships are complex. Little research has been a focus specifically between higher education and companies. The academy-business inter-organizational partnership typology is introduced as a framework for exploring these relationships including concerns of philanthropic, transactional, symbiotic, and synergistic partnership dimensions.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Symbiotic exchange"
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Dirza, Risvan, Sigurd Skogestad, and Dinesh Krishnamoorthy. "Real-Time Optimal Resource Allocation and Constraint Negotiation Applied to A Subsea Oil Production Network." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206102-ms.
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Abstract This paper considers the problem of steady-state optimal resource allocation in an industrial symbiotic oil production network, or in general, a large-scale oil production system network, where different organizations share common resources. These allocation problems are typically solved in a distributed optimization framework, where the optimization problem is decomposed into smaller subproblems, a central coordinator is used to coordinate the different subproblems. However, the use of a central coordinator may introduce additional practical challenges, such as impartiality issues, or additional operating costs, which is undesirable even in the technological selection phase. To eliminate the need for a central coordinator, this paper proposes a consensus-based optimal resource allocation, where each subproblem or organization is locally optimized, and the coupling constraints are negotiated among the different organizations over a fixed communication network with limited information exchange. The proposed approach is applied to a large-scale subsea oil production system, where the different wells are operated by different organizations. The simulation results of the application show that the proposed approach can optimally allocate the shared resources.
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Curri, Danielle, Tarek Aziz, John Baugh, and Jeremiah Johnson. "Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and Optimization." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.112.
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Johansen, J. P., and T. K. Haavik. "Variability and Resilience in Industrial Symbiosis for Energy Exchange." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0328-cd.
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Luan, Junbo. "The molecular basis of nutrient exchange in the whitefly symbiosis with two intracellular bacteria." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111244.
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Yu Qi and Wen Wang. "Industrial symbiosis management strategy based on flow analysis of industrial solid waste exchange in TEDA, Tianjin—A case study of industrial symbiosis phenomenon in China." In Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2011.5930827.
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Makadia, Jiten, and Dr Chandresh Sankhavara. "Application of symbiotic organisms search technique for design optimization of shell and tube heat exchanger from economic point of view." In 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic-etite47903.2020.315.
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Mallawaarachchi, H., G. Karunasena, Y. G. Sandanayake, and C. Liu. "INITIATING INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS (IS) NETWORKS IN SRI LANKA: INSIGHTS FROM GLOBAL PROJECTS." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Industrial symbiosis (IS) is an ideal initiative for co-located industries to gain a competitive advantage through physical exchange of materials, energy, water, and by-products within a closed loop industrial system. IS has been created a considerable impact on the environmental and economic development through water savings, reduction of raw material extraction and carbon emissions reductions. As many developing countries are suffering from the environmental degradation due to industrial operations, initiating IS networks is vital to improve the business and environmental performance of industries. Since it is a novel concept, it is important to examine the insights from global IS projects to foresee the future challenges. Thus, in this study, PESTEL framework is employed to examine the impact of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal external factors on global IS projects. The secondary data collected from nine global IS projects were analysed using PESTEL analysis. The analysis clearly describes the several facets that could influence on industries deploying the IS networks, such as the pressure made by government, external parties, collective cost and environmental benefits, infrastructure sharing, social benefits, and influence made by laws and regulations. Accordingly, a PESTEL framework is developed, which provides a firm base to foresee the possible future changes, challenges and opportunities that can be effectively considered in strategic business decisions for deploying IS networks in Sri Lanka.
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Yu Qi and Wen Wang. "Feature analysis of industrial solid waste exchange's company in TEDA, Tianjin — A case study of industrial symbiosis in China." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988755.
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