Статті в журналах: "Sydney NSW"

1

Uddin, Khandakar, and Awais Piracha. "Differential application of planning policy deepening the intracity divide: The case of greater Sydney, NSW, Australia." Spatium, no. 44 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat2044001u.

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Urban planning policies in New South Wales (NSW), Australia are continuously being reformed, in order to make them more economic development friendly. These reforms are concerned with making development approvals easier and faster. The implementation of these reforms and their outcomes in Greater Sydney, NSW, vary according to the local socio-economic conditions. The affluent communities in Greater Sydney are very concerned about these reforms and actively resist their application in their areas. They are successful in avoiding the application of reformed urban planning policies. However, the lower socio-economic parts of Greater Sydney in the outer areas are not able to engage with these urban policy issues. The reformed urban policies are fully applied in the poorer areas, often resulting in excessive and poor-quality urban development. Past research on urban planning policy development, application and outcomes in Sydney has not investigated selective planning policy application and its differential outcomes. This paper analyses the selective application of some recent urban planning policy reforms as they relate to socio-economic division in Greater Sydney. The research argues that the selective application of urban planning policy in Greater Sydney is reinforcing socio-economic division there.

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2

Nguyen Duc, Hiep, Lisa Chang, Toan Trieu, David Salter, and Yvonne Scorgie. "Source Contributions to Ozone Formation in the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region, Australia." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110443.

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Ozone and fine particles (PM2.5) are the two main air pollutants of concern in the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region (NSW GMR) due to their contribution to poor air quality days in the region. This paper focuses on source contributions to ambient ozone concentrations for different parts of the NSW GMR, based on source emissions across the greater Sydney region. The observation-based Integrated Empirical Rate model (IER) was applied to delineate the different regions within the GMR based on the photochemical smog profile of each region. Ozone source contribution was then modelled using the CCAM-CTM (Cubic Conformal Atmospheric model-Chemical Transport model) modelling system and the latest air emission inventory for the greater Sydney region. Source contributions to ozone varied between regions, and also varied depending on the air quality metric applied (e.g., average or maximum ozone). Biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were found to contribute significantly to median and maximum ozone concentration in North West Sydney during summer. After commercial and domestic sources, power generation was found to be the next largest anthropogenic source of maximum ozone concentrations in North West Sydney. However, in South West Sydney, beside commercial and domestic sources, on-road vehicles were predicted to be the most significant contributor to maximum ozone levels, followed by biogenic sources and power stations. The results provide information that policy makers can use to devise various options to control ozone levels in different parts of the NSW Greater Metropolitan Region.

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3

Quinn, Emma, Kai Hsiao, George Truman, Nectarios Rose, and Richard Broome. "Lessons Learnt From Exercise Celestial Navigation: The Application of a Geographic Information System to Inform Legionnaires’ Disease Control Activity." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 02 (May 2, 2018): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.40.

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AbstractGeographic information systems (GIS) have emerged in the past few decades as a technology capable of assisting in the control of infectious disease outbreaks. A Legionnaires’ disease cluster investigation in May 2016 in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia, demonstrated the importance of using GIS to identify at-risk water sources in real-time for field investigation to help control any immediate environmental health risk, as well as the need for more staff trained in the use of this technology. Sydney Local Health District Public Health Unit (PHU) subsequently ran an exercise (based on this investigation) with 11 staff members from 4 PHUs across Sydney to further test staff capability to use GIS across NSW. At least 80% of exercise participants reported that the scenario progression was realistic, assigned tasks were clear, and sufficient data were provided to complete tasks. The exercise highlighted the multitude of geocoding applications and need for inter-operability of systems, as well as the need for trained staff with specific expertise in spatial analysis to help assist in outbreak control activity across NSW. Evaluation data demonstrated the need for a common GIS, regular education and training, and guidelines to support the collaborative use of GIS for infectious disease epidemiology in NSW. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:372–374)

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4

Grybowski, D. A. "EXPLORATION IN PERMIT NSW/P10 IN THE OFFSHORE SYDNEY BASIN." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91019.

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The offshore Sydney Basin is unique frontier acreage because it is adjacent to Australia's largest gas and petroleum market on the east coast of New South Wales. Although the onshore Sydney Basin has been tested by more than 100 petroleum exploration wells, no wells have been drilled offshore.New South Wales Permit NSW/P10 has an area of 9419 km2 and extends over the offshore northern and central Sydney Basin which contains Upper Carboniferous to Middle Triassic lithiclastic and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks and volcanics. Maximum depth to magnetic basement in NSW/P10 is greater that 9 km in the southern Macquarie Syncline and south of the New England Fold Belt at the continental margin. Recent seismic reprocessing and aeromagnetic surveying have focused the exploration effort on northern NSW/P10 where thick (greater than 1600 m) Upper Permian section containing source and reservoir facies is predicted. Other areas in the permit are less prospective because of widespread intrasedimentary magnetic bodies or the absence by erosion of Upper Permian and Triassic section.The Sydney Basin is an exhumed basin that reached its maximum depth of burial in the Early Cretaceous prior to basinwide uplift of 1.5-3.5 km during the Tasman Sea rifting. The magnitude and timing of the exhumation can be demonstrated with fluid inclusion, magnetisation, fission track and vitrinite reflectance data. The presence of commercial quantities of oil or gas in Upper Permian reservoirs depends on trap integrity having been maintained during the epeirogeny, or the re-migration of hydrocarbon into new traps.

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5

Love, Frances. "Co-operation between art libraries and the community in metropolitan Sydney." Art Libraries Journal 12, no. 3 (1987): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005290.

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The art libraries in Sydney exist to provide a service for their immediate clients. However, there is considerable interest in meeting the needs of the art community and the teaching profession as well as the wider community. Sydney’s art libraries, including several academic libraries, co-operate with each other in a number of ways from the extremely structured through the membership of CLANN (Co-operative Library Activity Network, NSW) to ad hoc arrangements involving individual libraries and librarians.

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6

Wang, I., J. Choudhury, W. Barker, and S. McNally. "DEVELOPING COAL SEAM METHANE IN THE SYDNEY BASIN." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03030.

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Sydney Gas Ltd (SGL) believes that the growth of the new and exciting coal seam methane (CSM) industry will certainly offer significant economic, social, and environmental benefits to the State of NSW within both the short and the long-term.This paper overviews SGL’s CSM resource development program for the Sydney Basin in general. SGL’s acreage provides an extensive contiguous coverage of the Sydney Basin, and is ideal as it straddles the main gas transmission line from Wollongong to Newcastle.Gas content is one of the most crucial parameters for CSM resource development. This paper also discusses the method adopted by SGL highlighting the pitfalls in the gas content measurements adopted by previous explorers that caused substantial under-estimation of the CSM resource in the Southern Sydney Basin. Gas content determination comprises three components, i.e. lost gas (Q1), desorbed gas (Q2) and residual gas (Q3). Evaluation of earlier data acquired under an ambient temperature rather than reservoir temperature, was the first source of error which resulted in under-estimating gas content calculation. Zero time for desorption measurements was previously set at core retrieval time rather than core cutting time generating an additional error. That is particularly significant in a highly stress-sensitive coal seam such as the Bulli which is the main target for the CSM resource development in the Southern Sydney Basin.This paper has also addressed the commercial case for developing CSM as a new energy source in NSW, for so long dependent upon coal and interstate gas.

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7

Jarldorn, Michele. "Kris Olsson’s Kilroy was Here." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 3 (December 8, 2018): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss3id547.

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8

Davidson, John, and Felipe Oliveira. "3D Mapping of NSW Project: Sydney-Gunnedah Basin." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, no. 1 (December 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2018abp013.

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9

White, Richard, and Justine Greenwood. "Tourism." Sydney Journal 3, no. 2 (July 5, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/sj.v3i2.1546.

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Sydney has been shaped by tourism but in a large metropolis, where tourist experiences so often overlap with everyday activity, its impact often escapes attention. Urban tourism involves not just international visitors, but people from interstate and regional NSW and even day trippers, who all see and use the city differently. Tourist Sydney has never been the same as workaday Sydney – the harbour, beaches, city centre, the Blue Mountains and national parks to the north and south loomed disproportionately large in the tourist gaze, while vast swathes of suburbia were invisible.

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10

Attiya, Ali A., and Brian G. Jones. "Impact of Smoke Plumes Transport on Air Quality in Sydney during Extensive Bushfires (2019) in New South Wales, Australia Using Remote Sensing and Ground Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215552.

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Smoke aerosol dispersion and transport have a significant impact on air quality levels and can be examined by environmental monitoring and modelling techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the smoke aerosols and the level of air quality during November and December 2019 under the influence of extensive bushfires in the Sydney area, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. To achieve this goal, air quality and meteorological data were analysed in combination with remote sensing satellite measurements. Meteorological and air quality data were obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and Environmental Protection Agency monitoring sites in NSW. In Richmond the daily maximum average hourly concentration of particulate matter (PM10) was 848.9 μg/m3 at 07:00 UTC on 26 November 2019 and 785 μg/m3 at 07:00 UTC on 12 December 2019. On 10 December 2019, the highest PM10 recorded in the Sydney region was 961.5 μg/m3 in St Marys at 01:00 UTC, while the highest PM2.5 concentration was 714.6 μg/m3 in Oakdale in southwest Sydney at 18:00 UTC. These values all decreased again to the standard level (<50 μg/m3) in a few days. The potential sources of smoke aerosols originated from bushfires to the northwest of Sydney (Blue Mountains) as well as from southwest and northwest NSW. The smoke plumes were revealed by the combined AOD values from Aqua and Terra sensors on the MODIS satellite. In each case, the smoke travelled towards the east coast of Australia and out over the Pacific Ocean. The NAAPS model displays the existence of smoke at ground level, while the CALIPSO satellite data showed that the plumes extended 14 km up into the stratosphere layer. Backward trajectories obtained from the HYSPLIT model agree well with the movement of smoke plumes observed in the MODIS satellite images.

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11

Albani, A. D., P. C. Rickwood, and J. W. Tayton. "Mount Woolnough: the submerged volcano, SE of Sydney, NSW." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, no. 6 (August 5, 2014): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2014.941933.

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12

Burnley, I. H. "Mortality from selected cancers in NSW and Sydney, Australia." Social Science & Medicine 35, no. 2 (July 1992): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90167-o.

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13

Thomson, P. "A Symposium on the Dingo. Edited by Chris Dickman and Daniel Lunney. A Review by Peter Thomson." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01189_br.

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A symposium on the dingo (Canis lupus dingo) was held in Sydney in May 1999 to discuss issues surrounding the conflicting views of the dingo: seen both as a potentially threatened species, and as a species that needs to be controlled because of its predation on livestock. The Symposium was particularly relevant to New South Wales (NSW) because of consideration being given to place the dingo on the schedule of NSW vulnerable species, under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. The potential for conflict was exacerbated by concurrent legislative changes in NSW (Rural Lands Protection Act 1998) requiring the Crown to control pest animals declared under the Act. Despite the obvious focus on the NSW situation, many of the issues discussed have wider relevance to the management and conservation of dingoes across Australia.

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14

MUSCATELLO, D. J., K. A. O'GRADY, K. NEVILLE, and J. McANULTY. "Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: public health implications of recent clusters in New South Wales and epidemiology of hospital admissions." Epidemiology and Infection 126, no. 3 (June 2000): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801005568.

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Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an inflammatory kidney condition that can complicate Group A streptococcal infections. Two clusters of APSGN occurred recently in New South Wales (NSW), Australia; one in a rural town in December 1999 and the other in a Sydney suburb in January 2000. We interviewed carers of the affected children but found no common exposures except three of the Sydney cases were cousins in frequent contact. To assess the probability of these clusters occurring, we analysed hospital admissions for acute glomerulonephritis, as a proxy for APSGN in younger patients. The incidence of acute glomerulonephritis in NSW during 1989/90–1997/8 in residents aged under 20 years was 2·2/100000/year (95% CI 2·0–2·5). Incidence was highest in children aged 5–9 years, boys and Aboriginal children. We found no evidence for other clusters during that period. The recent clusters highlight the continued potential for unexpected future outbreaks of APSGN.

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15

Jennings, Rebecca. "Lesbian Spaces: Sydney, 1945-1978." Sydney Journal 4, no. 1 (October 23, 2013): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/sj.v4i1.2818.

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Asking ‘What is lesbian Sydney?’ and ‘Where is it?’, this article traces the shifting spaces and places of lesbian Sydney in the first decades after the Second World War. In the 1940s and 1950s, when camp bars were overwhelmingly male, lesbians enjoyed a very limited public presence in the city. Many women created lesbian spaces in isolation from a wider community, discreetly setting up house with a female partner and gradually building up a small network of lesbian friends. Groups of women met in each other’s homes or visited the parks and beaches around Sydney and the Central Coast for social excursions. By the 1960s, lesbians were beginning to carve out a more visible public space for themselves at wine bars and cabaret clubs in inner suburbs such as Kings Cross, Oxford Street and the city, and the commercial bar scene grew steadily through the 1970s. However, the influence of feminist and lesbian and gay politics in the 1970s also prompted a rethinking of lesbian spaces in Sydney, with well-known lesbian collective houses challenging older notions of private space and political venues such as Women’s House and CAMP NSW headquarters constituting new bases for lesbian community.

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16

Cox, Peter, Mark Angeles, and Michael Storey. "Meeting the recycled water challenge for Sydney." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 1 (2009): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09022.

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Sydney Water is seeking to maximise the delivery of recycled water meeting suitable standards for the intended use. The approach of health risk management through the 12 components of the national guidelines for water recycling is used in close consultation with the NSW Department of Health. Considerable effort is being put into demonstrating compliance with the guidelines when they are applied to specific recycling projects.

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17

Chang, Lisa, Yvonne Scorgie, Hiep Duc, Khalia Monk, David Fuchs, and Toan Trieu. "Major Source Contributions to Ambient PM2.5 and Exposures within the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030138.

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The coupled Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) and Chemical Transport Model (CTM) (CCAM-CTM) was undertaken with eleven emission scenarios segregated from the 2008 New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region (NSW GMR) Air Emission Inventory to predict major source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and exposure in the NSW GMR. Model results illustrate that populated areas in the NSW GMR are characterised with annual average PM2.5 of 6–7 µg/m3, while natural sources including biogenic emissions, sea salt and wind-blown dust contribute 2–4 µg/m3 to it. Summer and winter regional average PM2.5 ranges from 5.2–6.1 µg/m3 and 3.7–7.7 µg/m3 across Sydney East, Sydney Northwest, Sydney Southwest, Illawarra and Newcastle regions. Secondary inorganic aerosols (particulate nitrate, sulphate and ammonium) and sodium account for up to 23% and 18% of total PM2.5 mass in both summer and winter. The increase in elemental carbon (EC) mass from summer to winter is found across all regions but particularly remarkable in the Sydney East region. Among human-made sources, “wood heaters” is the first or second major source contributing to total PM2.5 and EC mass across Sydney in winter. “On-road mobile vehicles” is the top contributor to EC mass across regions, and it also has significant contributions to total PM2.5 mass, particulate nitrate and sulphate mass in the Sydney East region. “Power stations” is identified to be the third major contributor to the summer total PM2.5 mass across regions, and the first or second contributor to sulphate and ammonium mass in both summer and winter. “Non-road diesel and marine” plays a relatively important role in EC mass across regions except Illawarra. “Industry” is identified to be the first or second major contributor to sulphate and ammonium mass, and the second or third major contributor to total PM2.5 mass across regions. By multiplying modelled predictions with Australian Bureau of Statistics 1-km resolution gridded population data, the natural and human-made sources are found to contribute 60% (3.55 µg/m3) and 40% (2.41 µg/m3) to the population-weighted annual average PM2.5 (5.96 µg/m3). Major source groups “wood heaters”, “industry”, “on-road motor vehicles”, “power stations” and “non-road diesel and marine” accounts for 31%, 26%, 19%, 17% and 6% of the total human-made sources contribution, respectively. The results in this study enhance the quantitative understanding of major source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and its major chemical components. A greater understanding of the contribution of the major sources to PM2.5 exposures is the basis for air quality management interventions aiming to deliver improved public health outcomes.

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18

Lascelles, Reem. "Review of the Animal Law Conference, Sydney NSW October 2019." Derecho Animal. Forum of Animal Law Studies 10, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/da.466.

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19

Chang, Lisa, Hiep Duc, Yvonne Scorgie, Toan Trieu, Khalia Monk, and Ningbo Jiang. "Performance Evaluation of CCAM-CTM Regional Airshed Modelling for the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120486.

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A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the coupled Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) and Chemical Transport Model (CTM) (CCAM-CTM) for the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region (NSW GMR) was conducted based on modelling results for two periods coinciding with measurement campaigns undertaken during the Sydney Particle Study (SPS), namely the summer in 2011 (SPS1) and the autumn in 2012 (SPS2). The model performance was evaluated for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) against air quality data from the NSW Government’s air quality monitoring network, and PM2.5 components were compared with speciated PM measurements from the Sydney Particle Study’s Westmead sampling site. The model tends to overpredict PM2.5 with normalised mean bias (NMB) less than 20%, however, moderate underpredictions of the daily peak are found on high PM2.5 days. The PM2.5 predictions at all sites comply with performance criteria for mean fractional bias (MFB) of ±60%, but only PM2.5 predictions at Earlwood further comply with the performance goal for MFB of ±30% during both periods. The model generally captures the diurnal variations in ozone with a slight underestimation. The model also tends to underpredict daily maximum hourly ozone. Ozone predictions across regions in SPS1, as well as in Sydney East, Sydney Northwest and Illawarra regions in SPS2 comply with the benchmark of MFB of ±15%, however, none of the regions comply with the benchmark for mean fractional error (MFE) of 35%. The model reproduces the diurnal variations and magnitudes of NO2 well, with a slightly underestimating tendency across the regions. The MFE and normalised mean error (NME) for NO2 predictions fall well within the ranges inferred from other studies. Model results are within a factor of two of measured averages for sulphate, nitrate, sodium and organic matter, with elemental carbon, chloride, magnesium and ammonium being underpredicted. The overall performance of CCAM-CTM modelling system for the NSW GMR is comparable to similar model predictions by other regional airshed models documented in the literature. The performance of the modelling system is found to be variable according to benchmark criteria and depend on the location of the sites, as well as the time of the year. The benchmarking of CCAM-CTM modelling system supports the application of this model for air quality impact assessment and policy scenario modelling to inform air quality management in NSW.

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20

Semeniuk, Trudi A. "The Hornsby Quarry Geosite, NSW, Australia—A Geoheritage Treasure." Land 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122124.

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Quarrying for aggregate material at Hornsby in New South Wales (Australia) exposed a >100 m-deep cross-section of the volcanic neck of a Jurassic diatreme, which extruded through the Sydney Basin deposits. The cross-section reveals volcanic features at many scales. Globally, there are very few instances of such excellent 3D exposure. It is arguable that this exposure alone makes it a geosite of international value. However, evaluation of the Hornsby Diatreme using a geoheritage toolkit shows that it meets various geoheritage conservation criteria, being a reference site, and an historically and culturally important site, as well as hosting important archival material. It has significant features at various scales: at the macroscale, where dish beds are visible on all quarry walls, preserving the structure formed during volcanic accretion and later caldera collapse; at the mesoscale, where breccia and surge layers are visible, providing insight into how magma interacted with various host rock types; and at the microscale, where lapilli, chilled margins on host rock blocks, and carbon-rich xenoliths are visible in hand specimens. As such, the Hornsby Quarry hosts a world-class array of volcanic features and preserves an important period of volcanic and post-volcanic history within the Sydney Basin, fostering geoeducation and geotourism.

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21

Hayward, Matt W. "The Natural History of Sydney." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 4 (2011): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110378.

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AUSTRALIA’S relatively recent discovery by Europeans and rapid loss of traditional knowledge without documentation means the accumulated knowledge of our natural history is scant compared to other continents (e.g., search for publications on the top-order predators of each continent for confirmation). Yet, as Mike Archer highlights in the Foreword to this book, this natural history information is fundamental for us to develop effective conservation strategies. Instead of focusing on accumulating this information, the competitive nature of academia limits the value of publishing simple natural history studies because of the low impact such studies invariably have (see Paul Adam’s chapter), while conservation managers are too busy to publish their natural history research particularly while they receive such little incentive to do so. The Natural History of Sydney offers a valuable remedy to this problem and Dan Lunney and his Royal Zoological Society of NSW editorial team deliver once again in servicing the intellectual needs of Australian zoologists.

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22

Turner, Stewart. "PROFESSOR OWEN MARTIN PHILLIPS 30 December 1930–12 October 2010." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 669 (February 8, 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010006415.

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Owen Phillips grew up in Sydney, Australia, and following a distinguished record at a State high school and in the final NSW school examinations, he enrolled in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Sydney in 1948. In the third year, he transferred to the Faculty of Science to do more advanced courses in Mathematics and Physics (with the idea of going back to Engineering after one year and qualifying for a Science degree on the way). Owen did so well, however, that he went on to do a fourth year in Mathematics and graduated with First Class Honours.

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23

Houghton, Rebecca, Ruthy McIver, Timmy Lockwood, Karl Johnson, and Rosalind Foster. "Characteristics of clients newly diagnosed with HIV in central Sydney in 2016–17: a retrospective audit comparing a community-based testing site and a clinical sexual health service." Sexual Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19152.

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Abstract In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, innovative community-based testing models have been implemented to increase HIV testing among populations at risk. The characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with HIV at a community-based testing site and at a traditional clinical service in Sydney, NSW, were compared. Compared with the clinical service, clients diagnosed at the community-based site were more likely to be diagnosed at their first visit and report no prior HIV test. A high proportion of clients at both sites had a preferred language other than English. Innovative HIV testing models are reaching under-tested populations, but could be further improved.

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24

Matthai, C., and G. F. Birch. "Effect of coastal cities on surficial sediments mantling an adjacent high-energy continental margin - central New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 6 (2000): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99183.

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Trace metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentrations in the fine fraction (<62.5 µm) of surficial sediments adjacent to the major urban centres of Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong on the central New South Wales (NSW) continental margin, Australia, are elevated above regional background. The nature of enrichment off these major urban centres is distinct. The fine fractions of sediments adjacent to Newcastle are enriched in Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, associated with the disposal of dredged harbour spoil in an offshore dumpsite, whereas adjacent to Sydney, enrichment of Cu, Pb and Zn in the fine fraction of sediments results mainly from the disposal of large volumes of sewage effluent. The source and regional dispersion of trace metals on the central-NSW continental margin can only be established from analysis of the fine fraction of the sediment, because total sediment distributions of contaminants are confounded by a highly variable sediment texture. Generally, low mud contents (<2%) and low concentrations of trace metals in inner-shelf sediment are evidence of efficient dispersal of fine material and associated contaminants on this high-energy continental margin.

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Scanes, Peter R., and Neale Philip. "Environmental impact of deepwater discharge of sewage off Sydney, NSW, Australia." Marine Pollution Bulletin 31, no. 4-12 (April 1995): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(96)81926-6.

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26

Burton, P. K., and C. H. Katelaris. "Characteristics of the Casuarina Pollen Season in the Sydney District, NSW." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, no. 1 (January 2007): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.615.

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27

Mason, CJ, and JA Nell. "Condition index and chemical composition of meats of Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea commercialis) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) at four sites in Port Stephens, NSW." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950873.

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Adult Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea commercialis) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were kept on commercial oyster leases at three intertidal sites in Port Stephens, New South Wales, and subtidally under an experimental raft at a fourth site between July 1988 and September 1989. Oysters were sampled from each site at approximately monthly intervals for chemical and histological analysis. Condition index and percentage glycogen of Pacific oysters were higher than those of Sydney rock oysters during winter and spring but tended to be lower during summer and autumn. Gonads of Pacific oysters matured two months earlier than those of Sydney rock oysters, with spawning being observed at all sites in October. Sydney rock oysters spawned later during December-January and did not lose as much condition after spawning as Pacific oysters. The absolute amount of glycogen in the meats of both species dropped at the expense of protein and lipid as the oysters became fully ripe. For both species, general condition of the oysters was best when they were grown subtidally under the raft, although both species were badly affected by invasion of the protistan parasite Mikrocytos roughleyi at this site. Poorest overall condition for both species occurred at a site (Karuah River) that experienced decreased salinities and increased turbidity after rain. Highest condition indices were found in Sydney rock oysters, at the site most dominated by coastal conditions (Corrie Island).

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Njue, Carolyne, Nick Nicholas, Hamish Robertson, and Angela Dawson. "Geographical Access to Child and Family Healthcare Services and Hospitals for Africa-Born Migrants and Refugees in NSW, Australia; A Spatial Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413205.

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Background: African-born migrants and refugees arriving from fragile states and countries with political and economic challenges have unique health needs requiring tailored healthcare services and support. However, there is little investigation into the distribution of this population and their spatial access to healthcare in Australia. This paper reports on research that aimed to map the spatial distribution of Africa-born migrants from low and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) and refugees in New South Wales (NSW) and access to universal child and family health (CFH) services and hospitals. Methods: We analysed the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016 Census data and Department of Social Services 2018 Settlement data. Using a Geographic Information System mapping software (Caliper Corporation. Newton, MA, USA), we applied data visualisation techniques to map the distribution of Africa-born migrants and refugees relative to CFH services and their travel distance to the nearest service. Results: Results indicate a spatial distribution of 51,709 migrants from LLMICs in Africa and 13,661 refugees from Africa live in NSW, with more than 70% of the total population residing in Sydney. The Africa-born migrant and refugee population in Sydney appear to be well served by CFH services and hospitals. However, there is a marked disparity between local government areas. For example, the local government areas of Blacktown and Canterbury-Bankstown, where the largest number of Africa-born migrants and refugees reside, have more uneven and widely dispersed services than those in Sydney’s inner suburbs. Conclusion: The place of residence and travel distance to services may present barriers to access to essential CFH services and hospitals for Africa-born refugees and migrants. Future analysis into spatial-access disadvantages is needed to identify how access to health services can be improved for refugees and migrants.

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Kirkland, Peter D. "Menangle virus: one of the first of the novel viruses from fruit bats." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 1 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17007.

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‘Brainless pig disease swoops on Sydney.' This was a media headline that threatened to emerge during the early stages of a disease outbreak in pigs in NSW. However, identification of the viral cause and epidemiological studies that supported a sound management program minimised the impact of this outbreak on animal and human health.

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Kemp, Tracey. "A Profile of ICD-9-CM Coding Staff in NSW and ACT Hospitals." Health Information Management 24, no. 3 (September 1994): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839402400305.

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The ICD-9-CM coder workforce is on the brink of major changes given impetus by increasing commitments to casemix-based funding and management strategies within the public and private hospital sectors. A study of the ICD-9-CM coding process in NSW and ACT hospitals was undertaken by the School of Health Information Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney during 1991. This article profiles the composition of the ICD-9-CM coder workforce in NSW and the ACT based on the findings of this study. Recent developments pertaining to national coder workforce issues are also discussed.

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31

Mahoney, Dee. "Work experience in a health library: what’s in it for you?" Journal of Health Information and Libraries Australasia 3, no. 3 (January 5, 2023): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55999/johila.v3i3.127.

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What do Punch and Judy shows, police balls and egg drives have to do with running a hospital? And why are we reading about such things in JoHILA? The answer lies in a fantastic collaboration between the Northern Sydney Local Health District libraries and TAFE NSW Ultimo, which is giving students a work placement experience like no other.

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32

Galloway, D. S. Hamilton W. E. "NEW EXPLORATION TECHNIQUES IN THE ANALYSIS OF DIAGENETICALLY COMPLEX RESERVOIR SANDSTONES, SYDNEY BASIN, NSW." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88022.

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The Sydney Basin, despite numerous encouraging shows of both free oil and gas from coal and petroleum exploration drilling, remains unproductive of commercial hydrocarbons. Reservoir potential has historically been the primary concern, owing to widespread distribution throughout the sequence of lithic, diagenetically- altered, clay- rich sandstones. This study aimed at defining areas of acceptable reservoir quality by careful examination of stratigraphic, depositional and diagenetic controls.Interpretation and extrapolation of reservoir distribution, attributes and quality were carried out within a genetic stratigraphic framework. Stratigraphic packages of widespread correlatability that were deposited during discrete episodes of basin filling provide the basis for delineation of component depositional systems and for further mapping of framework sandstone facies and associated mud rocks.The availability of numerous, continuous drill cores from existing coal bores and limited petroleum exploration wells provided an opportunity to directly quantify porosity and permeability. A visual method of estimating permeability was applied by comparison of the drill cores with a standard set of cores of known permeability. The comparison was made on fresh, dry rock surfaces with the aid of a binocular microscope at 20 × magnification. Reliability of the visual estimates was then assessed by laboratory measurement of a large representative sample set.Lithofacies maps of genetic stratigraphic packages define sand- body trends and allow interpretative extrapolation of reservoir facies tracts which, when integrated with the visually- estimated and laboratory- derived reservoir quality data, enabled mapping of regional permeability distribution and thickness.The principal conclusions of the study are that reservoirs with sufficient porosity, permeability and volume for conventional oil and gas production exist within the Sydney Basin. Best reservoir quality occurs in quartzose sandstones of the Narrabeen Group in the southwestern part of the basin. Potential reservoir sandstones are up to 20 m thick, have permeabilities in the 10- 1000 md range and porosity between 10 and 18 per cent. Calibration and testing of the visual estimation technique allowed accurate and efficient continuous recording and mapping of porosity and permeability, and this technique may have much wider application for the petroleum industry.

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Eklund, Erik. "Negotiating Industrial Heritage and Regional Identity in Three Australian Regions." Public Historian 39, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2017.39.4.44.

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This article investigates the relationship between industrial heritage and regional identity during deindustrialization in three Australian regions. Newcastle, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), was a coal-mining and steel-production center located north of Sydney. Wollongong, also in NSW, was a coal-mining and steel-production region centered around Port Kembla, near the town of Wollongong. The Latrobe Valley was a brown coal-mining and electricity-production center east of Melbourne. All regions display a limited profile for industrial heritage within their formal policies and representations. In Newcastle and Wollongong, the adoption of the language of the postindustrial city has limited acknowledgement of the industrial past, while the Latrobe Valley’s industrial heritage is increasingly framed by concerns over current economic challenges and climate change.

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Miskiewicz, AG, BD Bruce, and P. Dixon. "Distribution of Tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) Larvae along the Coast of New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960331.

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The distribution of tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) larvae is described on the basis of the results of four plankton surveys undertaken in northern and central New South Wales (NSW) coastal waters. These comprised a single survey during May 1989 along the northern NSW coast and multiple surveys in January, March and May 1983 between Sydney and Brisbane. Pomatomus saltatrix larvae occurred throughout the survey period, with the highest abundances on the northern NSW coast. Most larvae were caught in mid and outer continental shelf waters at water temperatures of ≥22�C. The only known spawning locality for P. saltatrix is in the vicinity of Fraser Island in southern Queensland from August to October. The occurrence of larvae along the NSW coast from January to May indicates that the spawning season of P. saltatrix is more extensive than previously reported and that spawning occurs along the east coast of Australia in localities other than Fraser Island. Further surveys of larvae in southern Queensland and northern NSW waters, especially from August to December, are required to determine if P. saltatrix has one extended or two discrete spawning seasons along the eastern coast of Australia.

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Morgan, Jess A. T., Wayne D. Sumpton, Andrew T. Jones, Alexander B. Campbell, John Stewart, Paul Hamer, and Jennifer R. Ovenden. "Assessment of genetic structure among Australian east coast populations of snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Sparidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 7 (2019): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18146.

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Snapper Chrysophrys auratus is a high-value food fish in Australia targeted by both commercial and recreational fisheries. Along the east coast of Australia, fisheries are managed under four state jurisdictions (Queensland, Qld; New South Wales, NSW; Victoria, Vic.; and Tasmania, Tas.), each applying different regulations, although it is thought that the fisheries target the same biological stock. An allozyme-based study in the mid-1990s identified a weak genetic disjunction north of Sydney (NSW) questioning the single-stock hypothesis. This study, focused on east-coast C. auratus, used nine microsatellite markers to assess the validity of the allozyme break and investigated whether genetic structure exists further south. Nine locations were sampled spanning four states and over 2000km, including sites north and south of the proposed allozyme disjunction. Analyses confirmed the presence of two distinct biological stocks along the east coast, with a region of genetic overlap around Eden in southern NSW, ~400km south of the allozyme disjunction. The findings indicate that C. auratus off Vic. and Tas. are distinct from those in Qld and NSW. For the purpose of stock assessment and management, the results indicate that Qld and NSW fisheries are targeting a single biological stock.A

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36

Quilter, Julia. "Judicial Responses to Alcohol-Fuelled Public Violence: The Loveridge Effect." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i3.415.

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After the death of Thomas Kelly (2012) and Daniel Christie (2013) in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), there was widespread discussion and concern over the problem of so-called one punch alcohol-fuelled violence. A ‘centre-piece’ of the NSW Government’s response was the enactment, in January 2014, of what is known colloquially as the ‘One Punch Law’: the Crimes and Other Legislation Amendment (Assault and Intoxication) Act 2014 (NSW), which includes a mandatory minimum sentence for assault causing death whilst intoxicated. This paper analyses the judicial response to one punch alcohol-fuelled violence, with a focus on the effect of the decision in R v Loveridge [2014] NSWCCA 120. I show that the judiciary has rejected the existence of a discrete category of ‘one punch’ manslaughters and, instead, has defined a category of alcohol-fuelled public violence for which there is a strong need for general deterrence. Based on an analysis of cases handed down since the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal’s 2014 decision, I show that the ‘Loveridge effect’ has been to significantly increase sentences in such matters.

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Burra, A., J. S. Esterle, and S. D. Golding. "Coal seam gas distribution and hydrodynamics of the Sydney Basin, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, no. 3 (April 3, 2014): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2014.912991.

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Newman, John. "Action for transport 2010: An integrated transport plan for Sydney and NSW." Urban Policy and Research 17, no. 2 (June 1999): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149908727800.

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Jones, Catherine. "Falls are a sensitive and challenging area of health care." Australian Health Review 27, no. 2 (2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah042720007.

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Letter to the EditorsDear Editor,When 16 year old roofer, Joel Exner, was killed after falling from a roof, his employer was held responsible for failing to provide a safe workplace (Herald Sun 16/02/04). Construction workers stopped work to march on the NSW parliament demanding jail sentences for bosses who were guilty of breaches of safety (Sydney MorningHerald 22/10/03). The Labour Council of NSW pushed for the State Government to implement a criminal charge of industrial manslaughter which would carry a maximum fine of $5 million and up to 25 years in jail (Sydney Morning Herald 19/10/03).Imagine the legal ramifications if an up-and-coming Ian Thorpe or Pat Rafter was to be seriously hurt or disabled in a slip and fall accident in a change room. If it could be proven that falls prevention strategies had not been put in place (for example slip resistant floor surfaces) the potential payout would be in the multiple millions. Why is it then, that an elderly person can fall in hospital and die a week later as a direct result of injuries sustained in the fall, and the public is silent?

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Perry, Jayden Mitchell, Sara Shirowzhan, and Christopher James Pettit. "Lockout, Lockdown and Land Use: Exploring the Spatio-Temporal Evolution Patterns of Licensed Venues in Sydney, Australia between 2012 and 2021 in the Context of NSW Public Policy." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010035.

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The hospitality industry in Sydney, Australia, has been subject to several regulatory interventions in the last decade, including lockout laws, COVID-19 lockdowns and land use planning restrictions. This study has sought to explore the spatial implications of these policies in Inner Sydney between 2012 to 2021. Methods based in spatial analysis were applied to a database of over 40,000 licensed venues. Point pattern analysis and spatial autocorrelation methods were used to identify spatially significant venue clusters. Space-time cube and emerging-hot-spot methods were used to explore clusters over time. The results indicate that most venues are located in the Sydney CBD on business-zoned land and show a high degree of spatial clustering. Spatio-temporal analysis reveals this clustering to be consistent over time, with variations between venue types. Venue numbers declined following the introduction of the lockout laws, with numbers steadily recovering in the following years. There was no discernible change in the number of venues following the COVID-19 lockdowns; however, economic data suggest that there has been a decline in revenue. Some venues were identified as having temporarily ceased trading, with these clustered in the Sydney CBD. The findings of this study provide a data-driven approach to assist policymakers and industry bodies in better understanding the spatial implications of policies targeting the hospitality sector and will assist with recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research utilising similar methods could assess the impacts of further COVID-19 lockdowns as experienced in Sydney in 2021.

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41

Assifi, Anisa Rojanapenkul, Melissa Kang, Elizabeth Sullivan, and Angela J. Dawson. "Assessing care trajectories of adolescent females seeking early induced abortion in New South Wales: multistage, mixed-methods study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039819.

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IntroductionIn Australia, New South Wales (NSW), abortion has recently been removed from the criminal code. Previous research from Australia and other high-income countries has focused on adult women’s access to abortion services. This protocol describes a five-stage mixed-methods study to determine the care trajectories and experiences of adolescent females, aged 16–19 years, seeking an early induced abortion in NSW. The aims are to (1) explore the needs and perspectives of adolescent females seeking sexual and reproductive health services in NSW and (2) develop a framework for abortion service provision for adolescents in NSW.Methods and analysisThis study comprises: (1) semistructured qualitative interviews with key informants, individuals with diverse, in-depth experience of providing and/or supporting abortion care in NSW; (2) a cross-sectional online survey of adolescent females residing in NSW; (3) case study interviews with adolescents females who have accessed an abortion service in NSW; (4) a co-design workshop with adolescents who took part in stage 3 to develop relevant knowledge and recommendations and (5) a knowledge dissemination forum with key stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received from the University of Technology Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee for this study. Data collection commenced in March 2019 and will continue until the end of 2020. This study aims to develop a deep understanding of adolescent abortion care trajectories and experiences of abortion services in NSW. The study will deliver co-produced recommendations to improve adolescent access to abortion information and services.

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Wilkie, Alcuin. "Australia: getting there." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 9 (September 1996): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.9.558.

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There have been two recent accounts in the Psychiatric Bulletin (Harrison, 1989; Kisely, 1993) which have given some practical advice about getting work in Australia. They did, however, rather gloss over the details. With clear memories of the difficulties of arranging a one year training post in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW) and having been approached by numerous mainly junior colleagues asking about details of arranging a similar trip, I am writing what I hope will be a useful and accurate “Getting your Australian visa and medical registration made easy” guide.

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Chandra, Shona, and Jan Šlapeta. "Biotic Factors Influence Microbiota of Nymph Ticks from Vegetation in Sydney, Australia." Pathogens 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070566.

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Ticks are haematophagous ectoparasites of medical and veterinary significance due to their excellent vector capacity. Modern sequencing techniques enabled the rapid sequencing of bacterial pathogens and symbionts. This study’s aims were two-fold; to determine the nymph diversity in Sydney, and to determine whether external biotic factors affect the microbiota. Tick DNA was isolated, and the molecular identity was determined for nymphs at the cox1 level. The tick DNA was subjected to high throughput DNA sequencing to determine the bacterial profile and the impact of biotic factors on the microbiota. Four nymph tick species were recovered from Sydney, NSW: Haemaphysalis bancrofti, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes trichosuri and Ixodes tasmani. Biotic factors, notably tick species and geography, were found to have a significance influence on the microbiota. The microbial analyses revealed that Sydney ticks display a core microbiota. The dominating endosymbionts among all tick species were Candidatus Midichloria sp. Ixholo1 and Candidatus Midichloria sp. Ixholo2. A novel Candidatus Midichloria sp. OTU_2090 was only found in I. holocyclus ticks (nymph: 96.3%, adult: 75.6%). Candidatus Neoehrlichia australis and Candidatus Neoehrlichia arcana was recovered from I. holocyclus and one I. trichosuri nymph ticks. Borrelia spp. was absent from all ticks. This study has shown that nymph and adult ticks carry different bacteria, and a tick bite in Sydney, Australia will result in different bacterial transfer depending on tick life stage, tick species and geography.

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Humphreys, GS, PA Hunt, and R. Buchanan. "Wood ash stone near Sydney, NSW - a carbonate pedologial feature in an acidic soil." Soil Research 25, no. 2 (1987): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870115.

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Wood-ash stone, composed mainly of calcite (XRD, XRF, EMS and petrological determination), has been found within the remains of a large, standing and mostly burnt tree (Angophora costata) near Sydney, N.S.W. This may be the first recorded occurrence of wood-ash stone in Australia and outside North America. Slow burning of standing trees is proposed as a mechanism for producing carbonate features in nutrient poor and acidic soil parent materials such as the quartzose Hawkesbury Sandstone.

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McMillan, Timothy, Titus Murray, and Dr Wendy Timms. "Structural Evolution of the Thirlmere and Mount Tomah Monoclines: Southern Sydney Basin NSW." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, no. 1 (December 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2018abp025.

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46

Troy, Jakelin. "The Sydney language notebooks and responses to language contact in early colonial nsw." Australian Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 1 (June 1992): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268609208599474.

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47

Hughes, Caitlin Elizabeth, and Alexander Shou Weedon-Newstead. "Investigating displacement effects as a result of the Sydney, NSW alcohol lockout legislation." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 25, no. 5 (April 3, 2017): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2017.1306023.

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48

Whitehouse, Hilary. "Sustainability Strategy. Paul Martin and Miriam Verbeek, Sydney, NSW, The Federation Press, 2006." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 22, no. 1 (2006): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001774.

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49

Taylor, Melanie, Garry Stevens, Kingsley Agho, and Beverley Raphael. "The Impacts of Household Financial Stress, Resilience, Social Support, and Other Adversities on the Psychological Distress of Western Sydney Parents." International Journal of Population Research 2017 (May 22, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6310683.

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This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress among parents in Western Sydney households and examined its relationship with household financial, family and life stressors, and potential resilience factors. As part of a longer-term study, parents from Western Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), completed computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) in May 2011 (N=439). Respondents were primary caregivers of at least one child (aged 4–16). Responses were weighted to reflect the Western Sydney population. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between parent experiences of stressor and resilience factors and reported psychological distress. Overall, 10.7% (95% CI: 7.8, 14.5) reported experiencing high/very high levels of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis indicated that financial hardship factors formed the strongest associations with psychological distress particularly housing and job security factors and, specifically, inability to meet mortgage/rent payments (OR=5.15, 95% CI: 1.74–15.25, p=0.003), poor self-rated health (OR=4.48, 95% CI: 1.88–10.64, p=0.001), adult job loss (OR=3.77, 95% CI: 1.33–10.66, p=0.013), and other family/life events (OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.05–5.03, p=0.037). High personal resilience was common within this parent population and was a significant protective factor for high psychological distress (OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.06–0.34, p<0.001). The findings support the development of targeted interventions to promote parent coping strategies in the context of household financial hardship.

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Cutler, J., and P. Farrar. "EASTERN GAS PIPELINE PROJECT: BREAKING NEW GROUND IN COORDINATED APPROVALS." APPEA Journal 36, no. 2 (1996): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95071.

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The opening of 'free and fair trade' in natural gas from 1 July 1996 provides the opportunity to service Sydney and regional NSW energy markets with competitively priced Bass Strait gas.The Eastern Gas Pipeline Project (EGPP), proposed by BHP Petroleum Pty Ltd and a Canadian company, Westcoast Energy Inc, will link Victorian reserves to NSW transmission and distribution systems.The proponents have taken on a major coordination exercise to ensure that project planning, market development, communications, environmental assessment and regulatory approvals are integrated and managed against a demanding project schedule.Exposure to three regulatory jurisdictions has complicated this task.The project requires many approvals including approval under the Commonwealth government's foreign investment policy, pipeline permits and licences under Victorian and NSW Pipelines Acts and requires environmental impact assessment under Commonwealth, Victorian and NSW legislation.Early in the project's life the proponents recognised the need for a strongly coordinated approvals process and have since worked with government assessment and facilitation agencies to achieve a coordinated process. This ground-breaking project is now the subject of one Environmental Impact Assessment process, one process for public review and one coordinated decision-making process to meet the requirements of all three jurisdictions.This paper explores the challenges of coordination and suggests ways of improving future joint assessment and approval processes.

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