Дисертації: "Switching machines"

1

Zulu, Ackim. "Flux switching machines using segmental rotors." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1070.

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Flux switching machines (FSM) employing a segmental rotor have field and armature systems on the stator and a presentation of an unexcited rotor with isolated segments. The single-tooth winding arrangement on the stator provides a potential for material and energy savings. The principle for producing bipolar flux in the armature stator teeth relies on the natural switching of the armature tooth flux, accomplished by the moving segments of the rotor. Three phase configurations have been studied, from conception and design to construction and testing, with field excitation provided by either a field winding or permanent magnets (PM). Flux switching machines have shown characteristics that are peculiar when employing a segmental rotor, significantly affecting the symmetry of the induced armature EMF waveform and parity of magnitudes of the positive and negative torques. For three phase operation, six topologies are feasible when employing a 12-tooth stator and two other topologies may be produced on a 24-tooth stator. An optimum topology on the 12/8-configuration and another proof-of-principle topology on the 12/5-configuration, using field-windings and permanent-magnets, have been designed and constructed, while applying modern practices and considerations for manufacture. The characteristics of FSMs employing a segmental rotor, initially predicted by finiteelement (FE) modelling, have been verified by measurements. The FSM employing a field-winding is found to have a specific torque output which is similar to the conventional switched reluctance motor and still substantially higher than that of the synchronous reluctance motor. Although the PM adaptation of the FSM produces specific torque output which is nearly twice that of the wound-field FSM and about 64% that of an equivalent permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with surface or insert magnets, accounting for the usage of the magnets reflects its specific torque output to be about 1.48 times higher than the PMSM. Although the FSM is operated as an AC machine with sinusoidal three-phase currents, its dq-equivalent representation shows significant differences from that of the conventional AC machine. In the prediction of the performance, it is found, in both the wound-field and PM configurations, that the dq model is more dependable if the coupling dq inductance is taken into account.

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2

Guardado, J. L. "Computer models for representing electrical machines during switching transients." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521481.

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Switching transients produce steep fronted waves (prestrikes or restrikes) which reach the machine terminals producing severe dielectric stresses in the winding insulation. The object of this study is to develop computer models for calculating the surge distribution in the winding during switching transients as well as to obtain a machine terminal representation. Beginning with a very simple model valid for very short periods of time, the computer models are extended and finally a full machine winding model is presented. The computer models developed cover a broad time and frequency range and they are based on multiconductor transmission line theory. Several phenomena like the flux penetration into the iron and the stator inter-coil coupling are studied and incorporated into the solutions. The thesis also describes several application studies using the computer models developed. The studies include a sensitivity analysis from which guidelines for reducing the dielectric stresses in the winding insulation are suggested. Using convolution techniques and measurements on machine terminals, a technique for a better assessment of the dielectric stresses in the coils during real switching transients is presented. Finally, the computer results are supported by a comprehensive set of measurements carried out on a 6.6 KV. 1690 KW. machine winding

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3

Icli, Burcak. "Towards Autonomous Molecular Machines: Switching Coupled To An Oscillating Reaction." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608749/index.pdf.

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We have designed and synthesized a bistable pseudo-rotaxane carrying a fluorescent boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) unit. The intensity of the emission signal is dependent on the position of the cucurbituril (CB7) unit over the axle component. Thus, pH modulated switching of the CB7 wheel is accompanied by significant changes in the emission spectrum. Additionally, a thiosulfate-sulfite-iodate oscillating reaction which generates large amplitude pH oscillations can be carried out in the same solution. In such a solution, in response to changing pH, the position of the wheel component seems to change without outside intervention.

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4

Chen, Anyuan. "Investigation of Permanent Magnet Machines for Downhole Applications : _ Design, Prototype and Testing of a Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11829.

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The current standard electrical downhole machine is the induction machine which is relatively inefficient. Permanent magnet (PM) machines, having higher efficiencies, higher torque densities and smaller volumes, have widely employed in industrial applications to replace conventional machines, but few have been developed for downhole applications due to the high ambient temperatures in deep wells and the low temperature stability of PM materials over time. Today, with the development of variable speed drives and the applications of high temperature magnet materials, it is increasingly interesting for oil and gas industries to develop PM machines for downhole applications. Recently, some PM machines applications have been presented for downhole applications, which are normally addressed on certain specific downhole case. In this thesis the focus has been put on the performance investigation of different PM machines for general downhole cases, in which the machine outer diameter is limited to be small by well size, while the machine axial length may be relatively long. The machine reliability is the most critical requirement while high torque density and high efficiency are also desirable. The purpose is to understand how the special constraints in downhole condition affect the performances of different machines. First of all, three basic machine concepts, which are the radial, axial and transverse flux machines, are studied in details by analytical method. Their torque density, efficiency, power factor and power capability are investigated with respect to the machine axial length and pole number. The presented critical performance comparisons of the machines provide an indication of machines best suitable with respect to performance and size for downhole applications. Conventional radial flux permanent magnet (RFPM) machines with the PMs on the rotor can provide high torque density and high efficiency. This type of machine has been suggested for several different downhole applications. Flux-switching PM (FSPM) machines, which have the PMs located on the stator and are therefore more reliable, can theoretically also exhibit high torque density and relatively high efficiency. This thesis has put an emphasis on studying this type of machine. Two FSPM machines have been investigated in detail and compared by analytical method, FEM simulation and prototype measuremens. Their operating principle and important design parameters are also presented. A lumped parameter magnetic circuit model for designing a high-torque FSPM machine is newly introduced and the designed machine is verified by FEM simulations. A prototype machine with an outer diameter of 100 mm and an axial length of 200 mm is built in the laboratory and tested at room temperature. Based on that, the machine performance at an ambient temperature of 150°C is also predicted. The results show that the FSPM machine can provide a high torque density with slight compromise of efficiency and power factor. Choosing a proper machine type is significantly dependent on the application specifications. The presented results in this thesis can be used as a reference for selecting the best machine type for a specific downhole case.

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5

Forster, Andrew E. "Energy Harvesting From Exercise Machines: Buck-Boost Converter Design." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1702.

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This report details the design and implementation of a switching DC-DC converter for use in the Energy Harvesting From Exercise Machines (EHFEM) project. It uses a four-switch, buck-boost topology to regulate the wide, 5-60 V output of an elliptical machine to 36 V, suitable as input for a microinverter to reclaim the energy for the electrical grid. Successful implementation reduces heat emissions from electrical energy originally wasted as heat, and facilitates a financial and environmental benefit from reduced net energy consumption.

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6

Nasr, Andre. "Nouvelles structures de machines électriques pour la génération embarquée avionique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN065.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse abordent le sujet de la génération électrique embarquée dans les avions de futur. L'objectif principal étant de trouver de nouvelles structures de machines électriques qui peuvent répondre aux nouvelles exigences avioniques. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à une Machine à Commutation de Flux à Double Excitation avec Pont Magnétique (MCFDEPM). La structure de cette machine présente plusieurs avantages comme des sources d'excitation statiques, un rotor passif et une structure particulière du stator qui permet d'avoir une faible tension rémanente respectant ainsi les contraintes de sécurité du cahier des charges. Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons présenté un état de l'art sur les machines à commutation de flux à simple et à double excitation. Nous avons donné aussi les règles qui définissent le choix du nombre de pôles statoriques et rotoriques. Le chapitre 2 a été consacré pour étudier les performances électromagnétiques de la MCFDEPM en utilisant un modèle en éléments finis. Ce modèle a été validé par des mesures expérimentales réalisées sur un prototype 3 kW. Dans un dernier chapitre, nous avons mis en place une méthodologie d'optimisation en éléments finis pour améliorer les performances en charge de la MCFDEPM et limiter sa tension rémanente. Les résultats de l'optimisation ont montré des performances bien améliorées. La MCFDEPM se présente comme une bonne candidate pour remplacer la machine à 3 étages dans l'avion du futur
This work addresses the subject of the embedded electric generation in future aircraft. The main objective is to find a new electrical machine structures that can meet the new avionic requirements. We have been particularly interested in a Hybrid Excited Flux Switching machine with a Magnetic Bridge (HEFSMMB). The structure of this machine has several advantages such as static excitation sources, a passive rotor and a unique stator structure which makes it possible to have a low residual voltage, thus respecting the safety constraints. We have presented in the first chapter a state of the art on singly and doubly excited flux switching machines. We have also given the rules which define the choice of the number of stator and rotor poles. Chapter 2 was devoted to study the electromagnetic performances of the HEFSMMB using a finite element model. This model has been validated by experimental measurements carried out on a 3 kW prototype. In the final chapter, we have put in place an optimization methodology in order to improve the overall performances of the HEFSMMB and to limit its residual voltage. The optimization results showed much improved performances. It can be concluded that the MCFDEPM is a good candidate to replace the three-stage machine in future aircraft

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7

Felicetti, Roberto. "Voltage Transients in the Field Winding of Salient Pole Wound Synchronous Machines : Implications from fast switching power electronics." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434652.

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Wound Field Synchronous Generators provide more than 95% of the electricity need worldwide. Their primacy in electricity production is due to ease of voltage regulation, performed by simply adjusting the direct current intensity in their rotor winding. Nevertheless, the rapid progress of power electronics devices enables new possibilities for alternating current add-ins in a more than a century long DC dominated technology. Damping the rotor oscillations with less energy loss than before, reducing the wear of the bearings by actively compensating for the mechanic unbalance of the rotating parts, speeding up the generator with no need for additional means, these are just few of the new applications which imply partial or total alternated current supplying of the rotor winding. This thesis explores what happens in a winding traditionally designed for the direct current supply when an alternated current is injected into it by an inverter. The research focuses on wound field salient pole synchronous machines and investigates the changes in the field winding parameters under AC conditions. Particular attention is dedicated to the potentially harmful voltage surges and voltage gradients triggered by voltage-edges with large slew rate. For this study a wide frequency band simplified electromagnetic model of the field winding has been carried out, experimentally determined and validated. Within the specific application of the fast field current control, the research provides some references for the design of the rotor magnetic circuit and of the field winding. Finally the coordination between the power electronics and the field winding properties is addressed, when the current control is done by means of a long cable or busbars, in order to prevent or reduce the ringing.

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8

Calmels, Dorothea [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Ziegler. "Job Sequencing and Tool Switching Problems with a Generalisation to Non-Identical Parallel Machines / Dorothea Calmels ; Betreuer: Hans Ziegler." Passau : Universität Passau, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218780703/34.

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9

Lovgren, Nicholas Keith. "Energy Harvesting From Exercise Machines: Forward Converters with a Central Inverter." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/520.

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This thesis presents an active clamp forward converter for use in the Energy Harvesting From Exercise Machines project. Ideally, this converter will find use as the centerpiece in a process that links elliptical trainers to the California grid. This active clamp forward converter boasts a 14V-60V input voltage range and 150W power rating, which closely match the output voltage and power levels from the elliptical trainer. The isolated topology outputs 51V, higher than previous, non-isolated attempts, which allows the elliptical trainers to interact with a central grid-tied inverter instead of many small ones. The final converter operated at greater than 86% efficiency over most of the elliptical trainer’s input range, and produced very little noise, making it a solid choice for this implementation.

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10

Ben, Sedrine Emna. "Machines à commutation de flux à grand nombre de phases : modèles comportementaux en mode dégradé et élaboration d’une stratégie de commande en vue de l’amélioration de la tolérance aux pannes." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0047/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude des modèles comportementaux en mode dégradé des machines pentaphasées à commutation de flux (MCF pentaphasée). Tout d'abord, une comparaison des performances électromagnétiques de cette machine à une machine triphasée équivalente est tout d'abord effectuée. Ces performances sont calculées par la méthode des Eléments Finis (EF 2D) et validées expérimentalement. Les résultats ont montré l'apport de la machine pentaphasée avec un couple massique plus élevé, une ondulation de couple plus faible, un courant de court-circuit plus faible et sa capacité à tolérer des défauts de phases. L'étude de la tolérance aux ouvertures de phases est alors élaborée pour cette MCF pentaphasée. Le comportement de la machine en cas d'ouvertures de phases (du point de vue du couple moyen, de l'ondulation de couple, des pertes Joule et du courant dans le neutre) est présenté. Ensuite, des méthodes de reconfiguration en vue d'améliorer le fonctionnement sont proposées dont une reconfiguration minimale permettant de se retrouver avec une alimentation équivalente à celle d'une machine tétraphasée ou triphasée, un calcul analytique des courants optimaux permettant d'annuler à la fois le courant du neutre et l'ondulation du couple tout en assurant le couple moyen, et finalement une reconfiguration assurée par un algorithme génétique d'optimisation qui est un algorithme non-déterministe multi-objectifs et multi-contraintes. Diverses combinaisons des différents objectifs et contraintes sont, dans ce cadre, effectuées et les courants optimaux sont injectés dans le modèle EF 2D de la machine pour vérifier si les performances ont été améliorées. Le modèle analytique du couple pris en compte dans l'algorithme d'optimisation est alors révisé pour prendre en compte l'influence du mode dégradé. Les différentes solutions du front de Pareto sont analysées et les performances électromagnétiques sont bien améliorées. Cela est vérifié par les calculs EF 2D et suivi d'une validation expérimentale. L'influence des défauts sur les forces magnétiques radiales est également analysée. Dans une seconde partie, l'étude de la tolérance de la machine pentaphasée à commutation de flux aux défauts de courts-circuits est effectuée. Les premières étapes d'isolation des défauts de courts-circuits sont proposées. Par la suite, les courants de courts-circuits, prenant en compte l'effet reluctant de la machine, sont calculés analytiquement et leurs effets sur les performances de la machine sont analysés. Les reconfigurations sont aussi calculées par l'algorithme génétique d'optimisation et les nouvelles références des courants permettent d'améliorer le fonctionnement en mode dégradé. Tous les résultats sont validés par la méthode des EF 2D et expérimentalement. En conclusion, des comparaisons entre la tolérance aux défauts d'ouvertures et de courts-circuits de la machine pentaphasée à commutation de flux sont effectuées et ont permis de conclure quant au fonctionnement de cette machine en modes sain et dégradé avec et sans correction. Les résultats analytiques, numériques et expérimentaux ont montré la bonne efficacité de la commande proposée pour l'amélioration de la tolérance aux défauts d'ouvertures et courts-circuits de phases
In this thesis, we are interested in the study of a five-phase flux switching permanent magnet machine (five-phase FSPM machine) behavior in healthy and faulty mode. First, a comparison of electromagnetic performances between this machine and an equivalent three-phase machine is carried out. These performances are calculated by a Finite Element (FE 2D) model and validated by experiments. Results showed the five-phase machine contribution with a higher torque density, lower torque ripples, lower short-circuit current and ability to tolerate phases faults. The study of open-circuit tolerance is then developed for this five-phase FSPM. The behavior of the machine (the average torque, torque ripples, copper losses and the current in the neutral) in the case of open-circuit on a single and two adjacent and non-adjacent phases is presented. Then reconfiguration methods to improve the operation are proposed including a minimum reconfiguration allowing to end up with a feeding equivalent to that of a three-phase or a four-phase machine, an analytical calculation of optimal currents to cancel both the neutral current and torque ripples while ensuring the average torque, and finally a reconfiguration performed by a genetic optimization algorithm which is a non-deterministic algorithm multi-objective functions and multi-constraints. In this context, various combinations of different objectives and constraints are proposed and optimal currents are injected into the 2D FE model of the machine to see if performances have been improved. The analytical model of the torque used in the optimization algorithm is then revised to take into account the influence of the degraded mode. Different solutions of Pareto front are analyzed and electromagnetic performances are improved. This is verified by FE 2D calculations and followed by experimental validation. Faults impact on the radial magnetic forces is also analyzed. In the second part of this work, the study of the five-phase FSPM machine tolerance to short-circuit faults is performed. First steps of the faults isolation are proposed. Thereafter, short-circuit currents, taking into account the reluctance machine impact, are calculated analytically and their effects on machine performances are analyzed. Reconfigurations are also calculated by the genetic algorithm optimization and new references currents improved the degraded mode operation. All results are validated by the FE 2D calculation and experimentally. In conclusion, comparisons between fault-tolerance to phases openings and short-circuits of the five-phase FSPM machine are performed. Results led to conclude regarding the operation of this machine in healthy and degraded modes with and without correction. Analytical, numerical and experimental results showed good efficiency of the proposed control to improve fault-tolerance to phases openings and short-circuits

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11

Uslu, Mutlu. "Analysis, Design, And Implementation Of A 5 Kw Zero Voltage Switching Phase-shifted Full-bridge Dc/dc Converter Based Power Supply For Arc Welding Machines." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607873/index.pdf.

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Modern arc welding machines utilize controllable high frequency DC/DC power supply with high dynamic and steady state current regulation performance. In the design robustness, small size and low weight, low complexity, and high efficiency are the defining criteria. The most suitable approach for a 5 kW arc welding machine power supply application is the high frequency Full-Bridge Phase-Shifted Zero Voltage Switching (FB-PS-ZVS) DC/DC converter with an isolation transformer. This converter not only gives the advantage of zero voltage switching for a wide load current range, it also provides reduced Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and reduced component stress compared to standard PWM converters. In this thesis a FB-PS-ZVS DC/DC converter with 5 kW power rating is designed for modern arc welding machine applications. IGBTs are utilized at 50 kHz switching frequency for high efficiency and control bandwidth. The output current of the DC/DC converter is controlled via a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) control platform. The performance of the designed DC/DC converter is evaluated via the computer simulations and the experimental study of the constructed prototype.

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12

Verez, Guillaume. "Contribution à l’étude des émissions vibro-acoustiques des machines électriques : cas des machines synchrones à aimants dans un contexte automobile." Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0024/document.

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Dans un contexte automobile électrique et hybride, la part des machines synchrones à aimants permanents s'est accrue exponentiellement. Cette évolution s'accompagne d'exigences en termes d'émissions vibro-acoustiques. En termes de dimensionnement de la chaîne de traction, l'analyse multiphysique du moteur s'avère être un enjeu crucial pour son développement. La nécessité de disposer de codes informatiques de conception possédant des temps de calcul faibles pour une précision maximale se fait ressentir pour l'exploration de solutions potentiellement performantes dans les premières étapes du processus de dimensionnement. A ce titre, les aspects vibratoires et acoustiques sont modélisés analytiquement et par éléments finis dans la présente thèse. Ainsi, au moyen du modèle magnétique, l'analyse magnéto-vibro-acoustique faiblement couplée (résolution itérative des différentes physiques) peut être réalisée.La thèse est découpée en quatre parties. La première expose un état de l’art sur les émissions vibro-acoustiques des machines et notamment la modélisation du bruit d’origine magnétique. Les problématiques de la modélisation sont détaillées. Dans une deuxième partie, les modèles sont largement décrits. Les modèles éléments finis sont validés expérimentalement. Une troisième partie se propose de valider les modèles analytiques par éléments finis, en complexifiant progressivement la géométrie d’une machine à aimants montés en surface à flux radial. Enfin, la dernière partie utilise les modèles éléments finis pour étudier des machines non-conventionnelles comme les machines à commutation de flux et les machines à aimants en surface à flux axial
The proportion of permanent magnets synchronous motors used for electric and hybrid automotive traction has exponentially increased during the past decade. This evolution comes with ever-demanding low noise and vibrations requirements. Multi-physics analysis of the motor is a decisive issue for the development of the powertrain. For the exploration of potentially efficient motor solutions in first design steps, it is thus a necessity to have at disposal fast and accurate computer codes. In this respect, acoustic and vibratory aspects are modeled using finite element and analytical models in this thesis. As a result, using an electromagnetic model, the weakly-coupled magneto-vibro-acoustic analysis (iterative solving of each physic) can be performed.The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part states the art on machine vibro-acoustic emissions and focuses on noise of magnetic origins modeling. Issues of modeling are detailed. Then, models are described to a great extent in the second part. Finite element models are favorably compared to experimental measures. A third part validates analytical models in comparison to finite element analysis, by gradually complicating the geometry of a surface permanent magnets radial flux machine. Finally, a fourth part uses finite element models to study non-conventional machines such as flux switching radial flux machines and surface permanent magnets axial flux machines

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13

Dupas, Agathe. "Modélisation et optimisation d'une machine synchrone à commutation de flux et à double excitation à bobinage global." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN037/document.

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Les machines à double excitation (aimants permanents et bobines d’excitation) sont depuis quelques années étudiées par de nombreuses équipes de recherche dans le monde pour leur souplesse de fonctionnement et leur puissance volumique importante. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une nouvelle structure de machine à double excitation. C’est une machine à commutation de flux, donc qui possède un rotor passif, et dont la partie de double excitation située au stator est maintenue par une culasse à griffes. Dans une première partie, les caractéristiques importantes de cette structure sont exposées à partir de mesures sur un prototype et de modèles par éléments finis. Les différents trajets de flux ainsi que l’excursion du flux à vide en fonction du courant de double excitation ou encore les FEM à vide et le courant de court-circuit sont présentés. L’objectif est de caractériser de façon précise le fonctionnement de cette machine. Outre le fonctionnement à vide, les fonctionnements en mode moteur et en mode générateur sont présentés pour évaluer les performances. Le second chapitre de cette thèse présente différents modèles de la machine à double excitation. Tout d’abord à partir de modélisations par éléments finis nous montrons les impacts des caractéristiques magnétiques telles que la courbe BH et l’induction rémanente des aimants permanents sur le flux à vide de différentes machines à commutation de flux et double excitation. Puis nous présentons deux méthodes basées sur la modélisation par éléments finis qui permettent le calcul du courant de court-circuit. Enfin, afin de s’affranchir d’un modèle magnéto-transitoire trop gourmand en temps de calcul, nous présentons un modèle analytique. Ce modèle permet à partir de la valeur du flux à vide et de l’inductance cyclique d’une machine synchrone à aimants permanents de calculer la puissance en générateur débitant sur un pont de diodes et une source de tension fixe en fonction du courant d’excitation et de la vitesse de rotation. Dans le dernier chapitre de la thèse, nous avons développé un modèle de la machine à double excitation à bobinage global basé sur les schémas réluctants. A partir de ce modèle, nous calculons le flux à vide et l’inductance cyclique de la structure de façon plus rapide que par des simulations par éléments finis et sensiblement aussi précise afin de les utiliser dans le calcul de la puissance. Dans un dernier temps, nous avons utilisé ce modèle dans une procédure d’optimisation pour différents cahiers des charges
In this thesis, a new hybrid excitation, flux-switching machine is being presented. The main feature of this device is its global winding hybrid excitation with claw poles. This solution has been explored in order to reduce the copper mass and increase excitation winding efficiency. One of the most widely used alternators in automotive applications is a claw pole alternator whose claws are located on the rotor. The prototype introduced in this study is based on the same principle yet with claws located on the stator, which allows its rotor to be passive in rotating at higher speeds without slip-rings or brushes. Furthermore, the advantages of the double excitation are cumulative.The thesis will first describe the structure and operating principles of this new hybrid excitation, flux-switching machine, For example, the no-load flux linkage and the back-electromotive force on a no-load are measured and calculated;. Moreover, the load testing of this machine will be displayed. Short-circuit currents will be calculated and measured in order to determine the output power capability while operating in generator mode. The second chapter presents finite element and analytical models which allows to determine the output power capability while operating in generator mode. And with the FEA, the no-load flux linkage is investigated, This investigation serves to highlight: the influence of the stacking factor, the B-H curve definition, and the permanent magnet residual induction value, Finally, a lumped-parameter magnetic circuit model is developed and validated by 3-D finite element analysis, The model allows estimating output power of the structure when running in generator mode (with a DBR) faster than with 3D-FEA. In addition, thanks to the model the geometry is optimized for several specifications

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14

Boisson, Julien. "Modélisation analytique magnéto-acoustique des machines synchrones à commutation de flux à aimants permanents : optimisation du dimensionnement." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0043/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des machines synchrones à commutation de flux à aimants permanents et plus particulièrement sur le comportement magnétique, mécanique et acoustique de ces structures particulières. La finalité étant de réaliser une optimisation géométrique alliant rapidité et robustesse tout en prenant en compte ces critères multi-physiques sus-cités. Dans un premier temps, nous avons dressé une vue d'ensemble du fonctionnement de ces machines en présentant le principe de fonctionnement de la commutation de flux et en étudiant une structure penta-phasée 20/18. L'origine du bruit générée dans ces structures a ensuite été débattue avec une attention toute particulière pour les phénomènes magnétiques. Une exploration des différentes contraintes magnétiques ainsi qu'une analyse mécanique et vibratoire par simulations éléments finis et par mesures expérimentales a été réalisée. Dans un deuxième temps, un modèle multi-physique permettant d'estimer l'état magnétique, mécanique et acoustique de ces structures a été présenté. Le choix s'est porté sur une modélisation entièrement analytique devant la nécessité d'obtenir un modèle rapide. Les différents modèles ont été développés et validés soit par simulations éléments finis, soit par mesures expérimentales. Le modèle magnéto-statique a été réalisée par résolution formelle des équations de Maxwell de la magnéto-statique par développement en série de Fourier. Le modèle mécanique a consisté à calculer les modes et les fréquences propres d'ovalisations du stator par une approche énergétique appelé la méthode du quotient de Rayleigh. Le modèle vibratoire / acoustique a, quant à lui, été réalisé en résolvant les équations d'équilibre de la dynamique des poutres dans la base modale formée par les modes propres précédemment calculés. Enfin, dans un troisième et dernier temps, ce modèle a été appliqué dans le cadre d'une optimisation géométrique afin de maximiser le couple électromagnétique tout en minimisant la puissance acoustique rayonnée. Différentes structures de machines ont été abordées et des règles de construction "silencieuse" ont été proposées. L'influence de nombreux paramètres sur la génération de bruit a été étudiée. Ces optimisations ont été effectuées sur trois types de structures : une structure tri-phasée 12/10, une structure tétra-phasée 16/12 et enfin une structure penta-phasée 20/18. De plus elles ont été réalisées dans deux cas de figure : un cas dans lequel la machine est entraînée à vitesse fixe et un cas dans lequel la machine est entrainée à vitesse variable
This thesis deals with the study of Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnets, in particular on magnetic, mechanical and acoustic behavior of these structures. Firstly, origin of noise generated has been presented with particular attention to magnetic phenomena. Exploration of magnetic stresses, mechanical and vibration analysis have been performed by finite element simulations. Secondly, an analytical multi-physics model has been presented in order to estimate magnetic, mechanical and acoustic behavior. The different models have been validated by finite element simulations or by experimental measurements. Finally, this model has been applied in a geometric optimization loop to maximize electromagnetic torque and minimize acoustic noise generated. These optimizations have been performed on 3-phases 12/10, 4-phases 16/12 and 5-phases 20/18 at fixed and variable speed

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15

Rumi, Alberto. "Partial Discharge Inception Voltage in Converter-Fed Machines for the More Electric Aircraft." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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In this thesis the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) of Twisted Pairs (TP, representative models of the turn/turn insulation) is investigated, trying to unveil the effect of ambient conditions like pressure, temperature and humidity and the effect of wide bandgap (WBG) converters on it. This is the first step to find qualification methods for More Electric Aircraft actuators fed by WBG converters. A setup for PDIV tests at different pressure and temperature levels has been built. A suite of applications in MATLAB to perform acquisitions and automatic tests has been coded, it takes advantage of a photomultiplier tube for optical detection of the discharges. The optical detection in a dark environment has demonstrated to be as sensitive as a commercial PD detection instruments and free from the electrical noise of the converter. The humidity and temperature coupled effects have been investigated at ambient pressure, finding that an increase in relative humidity or temperature decreases the PDIV, but possible changes in the insulation permittivity and the confirmed presence of free charges on the surface of twisted pair renders difficult to model the phenomena. The effect of coupled temperature and pressure changes have been investigated, finding that PDIV highly decreases when the pressure is increased and that a Paschen-Like law doesn't model properly the phenomenon at very low pressures where a plateau forms instead of a minimum. Temperature increase and pressure decrease both act on the density of the air, lengthen the mean free path of the electron and reducing the electric field needed for the ionization. A SiC unipolar converter has been used to test the effect of the switching frequency on the PDIV, no impact has been found.

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16

Fares, Adnan. "Development of advanced architectures of power controllers dedicated to Ultra High Switching Frequency DC to DC converters." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS195.

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La sophistication grandissante des dispositifs intelligents ultra-portatifs, tels que les smartphones ou les tablettes,crée un besoin d'amélioration des performances des organes de conversion de puissance.La tendance des technologies d'acheminement de puissance évolue progressivement vers une fréquence plus élevée, une meilleure densité d'intégration et une plus grande flexibilité dans les schémas d'asservissement. La modulation dynamique de tension est utilisée dans les circuits intégrés de gestion de puissances(DVS PMICs)des transmetteurs RF alors que la modulation DVFS est utilisée dans les PMICs dédiées au CPUs et GPUs. Des DCDC flexibles et fonctionnant à haute fréquence constituent aujourd'hui la solution principale en conjonction avec des régulateurs à faible marge de tension (LDO).L'évolution vers des solutions à base de HFDCDC de faibles dimensions pose un défi sérieux en matière de 1)stabilité des boucles d'asservissement,2)de complexité des architectures de contrôle imbriquant des machines d'état asynchrones pour gérer une large dynamique de puissance de sortie et 3)de portabilité de la solutions d'une technologie à une autre.Les solutions les plus courantes atteignent aujourd'hui une gamme de 2 à 6 Mhz de fréquence de découpage grâce à l'usage de contrôleurs à hystérésis qui souffrent de la difficulté à contenir la fréquence de découpage lors des variations de la tension ou du courant en charge.Nous avons voulu dans ce travail étendre l'usage des méthodes de conception et de modélisation conventionnelles comme le modèle petit signal moyen, dans une perspective de simplification et de création de modèles paramétriques. L'objectif étant de rendre la technique de compensation flexible et robuste aux variations de procédés de fabrication ou bien aux signaux parasités inhérents à la commutation de puissance.Certes, le modèle moyen petit signal, au demeurant bien traité dans la littérature, réponds amplement à la problématique de compensation des DCDCs notamment quand la stabilité s'appuie sur le zéro naturel à haute fréquence inhérent à la résistance série ESR de la capacité de sortie, mais les HFDCDC actuels utilisent des capacités MLCC ayant une très faible ESR et font appel à des techniques de compensation paramétriques imbriquant le schéma de compensation dans la génération même du rapport cyclique. La littérature existante sur le fonctionnement de la machine d'état, se contente d'une description simpliste de convertisseurs PWM/PFM mais ne donne que très peu d'éléments sur la gestion des opérations synchrones/asynchrones alternant PWM,PFM,écrêtage de courant, démarrage ou détection de défaillance. Dans ce travail, notre études est axée sur les deux aspects suivants:1)La modélisation paramétrique et la compensation de la boucle d'asservissement de HFDCDC et 2)la portabilité de la conception de la machine d'états du contrôleur notamment lorsqu'elle intègre des transitions complexes entre les modes.Dans la première section, nous avons développé un modèle petit signal moyen d'un convertisseur Buck asservi en mode courant-tension et nous l'avons analysé pour faire apparaitre les contributions proportionnelle, intégrale et dérivé dans la boucle. Nous avons démontré la possibilité d'utiliser le retour en courant pour assurer l'amortissement nécessaire et la stabilité de la boucle pour une large dynamique de variations des conditions de charge.Dans la seconde section, nous avons développé une architecture de machine d'états sophistiquée basé sur la méthode d'Huffman avec un effort substantiel d'abstraction que nous a permis de la concevoir en description RTL pour une gestion fiable du fonctionnement asynchrone et temps réel.Notre contribution théorique a fait l'objet d'une réalisation d'un PMIC de test comportant deux convertisseurs Buck cadencés à 12MHz en technologie BiCMOS 0.5um/0.18um. Les performances clefs obtenues sont:une surtension de 50mV pendant 2us suite à l'application d'un échelon de courant de 300mA
The continuous sophistication of smart handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets creates an incremental need for improving the performances of the power conversion devices. The trend in power delivery migrates progressively to higher frequency, higher density of integration and flexibility of the control scheme. Dynamic Voltage Scaling Power Management ICs (DVS PMIC) are now systematically used for powering RF Transmitters and DVFS PMICS using Voltage and Frequency scaling are used for CPUs and GPUs. Flexible High frequency (HF) DC/DC converters in conjunction with low dropout LDOs constitute the main solution largely employed for such purposes. The migration toward high frequency/small size DCDC solutions creates serious challenges which are: 1) the stability of the feedback loop across a wide range of loading voltage and current conditions 2) The complexity of the control and often-non-synchronous state machine managing ultra large dynamics and bridging low power and high power operating modes, 3) The portability of the proposed solution across technology processes.The main stream solutions have so far reached the range of 2 to 6 MHz operation by employing systematically sliding mode or hysteretic converters that suffer from their variable operating frequency which creates EMI interferences and lead to integration problems relative to on-chip cross-talk between converters.In this work we aim at extend the use of traditional design and modeling techniques of power converters especially the average modeling technique by putting a particular care on the simplification of the theory and adjunction of flexible compensation techniques that don't require external components and that are less sensitive to process spread, or to high frequency substrate and supply noise conditions.The Small Signal Average Models, widely treated in the existing literature, might address most needs for system modeling and external compensation snubber design, especially when aiming on the high frequency natural zero of the output capacitor. However, HFDCDC converters today use small size MLCC capacitors with a very low ESR which require using alternative techniques mixing the compensation scheme with the duty cycle generation itself. The literature often provides a simplistic state machine description such as PWM/PFM operations but doesn't cover combined architectures of synchronous / non synchronous mode operations such as PWM, PFM, Current Limit, Boundary Clamp, Start, Transitional and finally Fault or Protection modes.In our work, we have focused our study on two main axes: 1) The parametric modeling and the loop compensation of HFDCDC and 2) the scalability of the control state machine and mode inter-operation. In the first part, we provided a detailed small signal averaged model of the “voltage and current mode buck converter” and we depicted it to emphasize and optimize the contributions of the Proportional, Integral and Derivative feedback loops. We demonstrated the ability to use the current feedback to damp and stabilize the converter with a wide variety of loading conditions (resistive or capacitive). In the second part, we provided architecture of the mode control state machine with different modes like the PWM, PFM, soft-start, current limit,… .The technique we have used is inspired by Huffman machine with a significant effort to make it abstract and scalable. The state machine is implemented using RTL coding based on a generic and scalable approach.The theoretical effort has been implemented inside a real PMIC test-chip carrying two 12MHz buck converters, each employing a voltage and current mode feedback loop. The chip has been realized in a 0.5um / 0.18um BiCMOS technology and tested through a dedicate Silicon validation platform able to test the analog, digital and power sections. The key performance obtained is a 50mV load transient undershoot / overshoot during 2us following a load step of 300mA (slope 0.3A/ns)

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Asfirane, Salim. "Développement d’un outil de génération automatique des réseaux de réluctances pour la modélisation de dispositifs électromécaniques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN065/document.

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Dans un cadre de modélisation des machines électriques, la méthode qui connaît une grande popularité, car réputée pour la qualité de ses résultats est la méthode des éléments finis. Cependant, les temps de calcul deviennent importants lorsque les modèles éléments finis sont associés à une démarche d’optimisation et de prédimensionnement dans le cadre d’un cahier des charges complexe. Les méthodes de modélisation bien souvent utilisées comme alternative aux éléments finis sont les approches de modélisation par constantes localisées. Ces dernières se prêtent bien aux différentes physiques impliquées dans le fonctionnement des machines électriques, i.e. électromagnétique, mécanique et thermique. Ainsi, les stratégies de conception optimisée d’une machine électrique utilisent ces modèles pour déterminer les propriétés et performances de cette dernière dans différentes conditions de fonctionnement. Cependant, la mise en place de ce type de modèles nécessite un temps de développement important par manque d’outils dédiés tels que ceux existants pour les éléments finis. Dans le contexte électromagnétique, les travaux de cette thèse présentent une contribution à l’approche de modélisation par réseaux de réluctances par le développement d’outils permettant leurs générations automatiques. Cette approche est intégrée dans un outil permettant le traitement automatisé d'une géométrie, fournissant un modèle précis dans un délai plus court que celui nécessaire à la construction d'un modèle dédié. L’outil, intégralement développé sur MATLAB®, a été appelé MRNsoftware (pour Mesh-based Reluctance Network Software). Ce mémoire s’organise en quatre parties. Le premier chapitre est consacré à un état de l’art détaillé sur les méthodes de modélisation par réseaux de réluctances. Dans la deuxième partie, nous abordons les méthodologies mises en place en se basant sur un maillage de l’espace d'étude par des blocs élémentaires bidirectionnels et dans le cadre d’un maillage conforme. Le maillage non conforme fera l’objet du troisième chapitre. Une interpolation des potentiels se révélera utile pour connecter les différentes branches des interfaces de non-conformité dans le maillage de l’espace d’étude. Différents découpages d’une même structure sont testés et la précision ainsi que le temps d’évaluation des modèles en réseaux de réluctances sont comparés aux modèles de référence réalisés par éléments finis. Le quatrième chapitre présente en premier lieu l’interface graphique de l’outil. Par la suite, les approches de modélisation développées seront utilisées pour réaliser les modèles de la machine linéaire à aimants permanents et la machine linéaire à commutation de flux à excitation bobinée. Ces approches de modélisation sont le fruit de la collaboration entre les laboratoires SATIE et GREAH et s’inscrivent dans la problématique générale de développement d’outils de modélisation multiphysiques de dispositifs électromagnétiques en vue de leurs dimensionnements optimisés
In the field of electrical machine modeling, the method that is experiencing great popularity as renowned for the quality of its results is the finite element method. However, computation time becomes important when the finite element models are associated with an optimization and predesign process as part of a complex technical specification sheet. The alternate modeling solution is the lumped parameter models approach. The latter is well suited for the individual physical domains involved in the operation of electrical machines, namely electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal. The latter is well suited for the individual physical domains involved in the operation of electrical machines, namely electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal. Thus, electric machine design routines have been used to determine the properties and performance of the latter under different operating conditions. However, the implementation of these modeling approaches requires significant development time for lack of dedicated tools such as those existing for the finite element method. In the electromagnetic context, the work of this thesis presents a contribution to the reluctance network modeling approach by developing tools allowing their automatic generation. This approach is integrated into a software tool allowing the automated processing of a geometry, providing a precise model in a shorter time than that required for the construction of a dedicated model. The tool, fully developed on MATLAB®, has been called MRNsoftware (for Mesh-based Reluctance Network Software). This dissertation contains four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a detailed state of the art on reluctance network modeling methods. In the second chapter, we discuss the methodologies implemented based on a conformal mesh of the study space by bidirectional elementary blocks. The non-conformal mesh will be the subject of the third chapter. Magnetic scalar potential interpolation will prove useful to connect the different branches of the block elements at the edge of the non-conformal interfaces. Different mesh patterns of the same structure are tested and the accuracy as well as the evaluation time of the reluctance network models are compared with the finite element reference models. The fourth chapter presents, at first, the graphical interface of the tool. Subsequently, the developed modeling techniques are used to realize the models of the permanent magnet linear machine and the linear wound excitation linear machine. These modeling approaches are the result of the cooperation between SATIE and GREAH laboratories and are part of the general endeavor of developing multiphysics modeling tools for the optimal sizing of electromagnetic devices

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18

Gabsi, Mohamed Khémis. "Contribution a l'etude de la commutation dans les machines a courant continu associees a des convertisseurs statiques de puissance." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066170.

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19

Hari, Nikita. "Gallium nitride power electronics using machine learning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288610.

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Gallium Nitride (GaN) power devices have the potential to jump-start the next generation of power converters which are smaller, faster, denser, and cheaper. They are thus expected to meet the increasing 21st Century need for power density and efficiency, while at the same time reducing pollution. With the commercialisation of 600 V GaN power devices, which the industry is keen to adopt, come significant challenges. Since there are a number of such devices which are new to the power community, there is a steep learning curve involved, with dispersed information on how best to employ these devices. This work aims to solve this problem through the development of a universal GaN power device and circuit model and the formulation of design rules and guidelines. Through this contribution, designers will be able to better understand and work with these novel devices with relative ease. This will aid the need for faster adoption of GaN devices by the industry solving the barriers to commercialisation. This research demonstrates the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms for behavioural modelling of GaN power devices. Introducing ML as the key to developing a general behavioural and circuit model for GaN power devices combined with understanding, learning, customizing and successfully demonstrating it is the major contribution of this research work. This research first presents a comprehensive investigation into the parasitic effect on the GaN device switching performance. A simple process based on RF techniques is introduced to approximately extract the impedances of the GaN device to develop a behavioural model. The switching behaviour of the model is validated using simulation and double pulse test experiments at 450 V, 10 A test conditions. The developed behavioural model for Transhporm GaN HEMT is 95.2% accurate as the existing LT-spice manufacturer model, and is very much easier for power designers to handle, without the need for knowledge about the physics or geometry of the device. However, given that separate models would need to be developed for each commercial GaN device, the need for a generalized and accurate GaN behavioural model was identified, and it is this generalised model that the remainder of this thesis focuses on. In the next part of this research, a GaN platform test bench is built through bridging RF and power electronics design methodologies to achieve a gate loop and power loop inductance of around 1.8nH with switching waveforms with rise time and fall time around 2.5ns at 450V, 15A, 500KHz test conditions. The double pulse test circuits are customized using different off the shelf gate drives and analysed for collecting switching data for training the ML model. ML modelling using supervised learning is used to predict the switching voltage and current waveforms thus making it possible to construct a generic GaN black box model. Different architectures with single and multi- layer neural networks are explored for modelling. The ability to demonstrate a GaN device ML model that maps both voltage and current inputs and outputs is another characteristic and novel feature of this work. This research demonstrates different types of GaN ML models. The developed voltage and current prediction models are based on feed forward neural network (FFNN), long short-term memory unit (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). Several parameters are quantified and compared for validating the models. They are the network architectures, parameters, training time, validation loss and error loss. The ML models are also compared with the demonstrated model of chapter 3 and existing LT-Spice manufacturer models. The results show that the author has been able to develop a GaN LSTM ML model with an error rate of 0.03, and convergence at 3s with excellent stability. The ML based modelling is then translated from GaN power devices to GaN based circuits. Among the different neural network architectures trained and tested, a multi FFNN with 5 hidden layers and 30 neurons, was found to be the best for prediction and optimization. The switching behaviour comparison results shows the benefits and value of ML modelling in opening up whole new possibilities of employing advanced control algorithms for very efficient, reliable and scalable performance of GaN power electronics systems. Finally, the findings of this work have been generalized to frame machine learning based techniques to address the need for generic modelling of power electronic devices. These solutions are presented as an information manual to researchers, engineers and students interested in benefiting from adopting machine learning for power electronics applications.

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Reeve, John Martin. "Computer aided design, simulation and optimisation of the flux switching machine." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30202.

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The flux switching machine is a relatively new class of reluctance machine in which power is converted mainly by changing mutual coupling between windings. This thesis develops the parameterised finite element analysis of this machine and introduces the 'flux map', an extension to the flux-mmf-position electromagnetic characterisation approach to fully account for mutual coupling between two phases. A dynamic simulation model of the flux switching machine and the flux switching motor including its drive and control are then developed based on this data. Comparison of experimental and simulated results shows good agreement in both cases and the effects of various factors on simulated output are examined. A genetic algorithm system is integrated with parameterised finite element analysis and its operation demonstrated for design cases using flux switching and switched reluctance machines and it is shown that the system is applicable throughout the design and optimisation process. A simple image processing method for iron loss visualisation in electromagnetic devices is also developed and demonstrated for the flux switching motor. The flux map is applicable to any reluctance machine where mutual coupling between two phases must be accounted for while the genetic algorithm system and iron loss visualisation technique may be applied to virtually any electromagnetic system which can be modelled in 2-dimensional finite element analysis.

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Darmanjian, Shalom. "Switching Hidden-Markov Model and hardware implementation for a Brain-Machine Interface." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009426.

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22

Касяненко, Артем Вікторович. "Врахування потенціалу сонячної електричної станції встановленої на даху багатоквартирного будинку при виборі елементів системи електропостачання". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/43038.

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Під час виконання дипломного проєкту було виконано розрахунок житлового району, живлячі мережі до 1кВ та вище 1, також під час розрахунків було вибрано силові трансформатори, апарати захисту та автоматики. Проведено розрахунок струмів короткого замикання. У спец. питанні було проведено дослідження ефективності встановлення СЕС на даху багатоквартирного будинку.
During the implementation of the diploma project, the calculation of the residential area, the network of which reaches more than 1 kV, was performed, and during the calculations, power transformers, automation and protection equipment were selected. In a special issue, a study was conducted on the effectiveness of installing SES on the roof of an apartment building.

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Stinson, Benjamin M. (Benjamin Michael). "Nucleotide binding and conformational switching in the hexameric ring of a AAA+ machine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97273.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, February 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
ATP-powered proteases enforce protein quality-control and regulation in all domains of life. ClpX, a AAA+ ring homohexamer, uses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to power conformational changes that unfold and translocate target proteins into the ClpP peptidase for degradation. X-ray crystal structures show that some ClpX subunits occupy nucleotide-loadable conformations and others occupy unloadable conformations. Furthermore, biochemical evidence suggests that multiple classes of nucleotide-loadable subunits exist. How asymmetry among subunits is coordinated to achieve mechanical function has remained unclear. Using a combination of mutagenesis, disulfide crosslinking, and fluorescence methods to assay the conformations and nucleotide-binding properties of individual subunits, we demonstrate dynamic interconversion of loadable and unloadable subunits. Such interconversion is required to couple ATP hydrolysis by ClpX to mechanical work, plays a role in substrate binding and ClpP interaction, and is not strictly coupled to the ATP hydrolysis cycle. ATP binding to different classes of subunits drives allosteric changes in ring conformation to allow hydrolysis and coupled machine function, and we present a subunit-specific single molecule nucleotide occupancy assay to elucidate details of this process.
by Benjamin M. Stinson.
Ph. D.

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Liu, Jiamo. "Machine learning based heuristic BBU-RRH switching scheme for C-RAN in 5G." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31427.

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The immense increase in bandwidth demand by various services such as high definition video streaming, online gaming, and virtual reality has made it increasingly challenging for operators to provide satisfactory services to the end users while making a profit. Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a new architecture that has been proposed to facilitate the mobile networks' ability to meet the increase in bandwidth demand. C-RAN consists of three parts, namely Remote Radio Head (RRH), the front haul link, and Baseband Processing Units (BBU) pool. Many RRHs are associated with one BBU pool, and all RRHs within the pool are logically connected to every BBU in the pool. Thus, a BBU-RRH switching algorithm needs to be developed as it is able to enhance the performance of such architecture while managing the resource efficiently. This work mainly focuses on developing a traffic profile prediction-based BBU-RRH switching algorithm using a real life dataset. In the literature, there are related works that have proposed algorithms to achieve this purpose. However some of the existing algorithms suffer from high switching complexity while others fall short in QoS provision. Therefore, this work develops a BBU-RRH algorithm that to enhance the QoS while reducing the switching complexity, with the aid of machine learning techniques. The algorithm developed consists of three parts. The first part consists of an efficient RRH clustering mechanism that determines which RRHs are associated with a specific BBU pool. The second part utilizesrecurrent neural networks (RNN) to predict the daily traffic profile of RRHs, so that a relatively accurate traffic profile prediction can be obtained to facilitate the switching algorithm. Finally, the third part comprises the BBU-RRH switching scheme that works in conjunction with the predicted traffic profile to make an informed decision about the associations between RRHs and BBUs within the BBU pool. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated through simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of BBUs used and therefore save on energy. In addition, the algorithm reduces the occurrence of congestion and failure states, and thus improve the quality of the service of the network. Finally, the developed switching algorithm also reduces the switching complexity when compared with existing algorithms.

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Trabelsi, Mohamed. "Contribution au diagnostic de défauts des composants de puissance dans un convertisseur statique associé à une machine asynchrone - exploitation des signaux électriques -." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4342.

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Les travaux développés durant cette thèse concernent la détection et l'identification des défauts simples et multiples d'ouverture des transistors dans un convertisseur statique associé à une machine asynchrone. Pour aborder cette problématique, nous avons commencé par l'analyse des potentialités, des faiblesses et des incertitudes des techniques qui ont initiés notre démarche. Ensuite, nous avons présenté deux méthodologies permettant d'analyser les performances du moteur asynchrone en présence des défauts dans une ou plusieurs cellules de commutation. Cette étude préliminaire nous a permis ainsi de proposer deux nouvelles stratégies de diagnostic sans référence basées sur l'approche signal. Les signaux électriques (courants ou tensions) disponibles à la sortie du convertisseur statique sont utilisés pour alimenter le processus de diagnostic. La première stratégie retenue est basée sur l'analyse qualitative des tensions de sortie entre phases du convertisseur et des signaux de commande appliqués aux transistors pendant les instants de commutation. Grâce à une représentation instantanée de ces grandeurs, à l'échelle de la période de découpage, nous avons pu mettre en évidence des caractéristiques favorables à la détection des défauts simples et multiples d'ouverture des transistors. L'implémentation pratique de cette première approche a été réalisée au moyen d'une technologie analogique permettant ainsi de minimiser le temps de retard à la détection jusqu'à quelques dizaines de microsecondes
The main goal of this thesis concerns the detection and identification of simple and multiple open-circuit faults in voltage source inverters (VSIs)-fed induction motor drives. In first step, the potentialities, the weaknesses as well as the uncertainties of the previously published works have been discussed. The second step was dedicated to the study of the inverter faults impact on the induction motor. For this purpose, we have proposed two methodologies permitting the characterization of the electromagnetic torque behaviour as well as the electric variables of the induction motor under the open- and short-circuit faults. These preliminary studies allowed to propose two novel signal-based approaches for open-circuit fault diagnosis in voltage source inverter. The measured outputs inverter voltages and currents have been used as the input quantities for the fault detection and identification (FDI) process. The first approach consists in analyzing the pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching signals and the line-to-line voltage levels during the switching times, under both healthy and faulty operating conditions. For this purpose, we have adopted an instantaneous representation of these variables, which permits their analysis over one switching period. The fault diagnosis scheme is achieved using simple analog device. This circuit allows an accurate single and multiple faults diagnosis, and a minimization of the fault detection time which becomes about a few tens of microseconds

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26

Gambetta, Daniele Morco. "Sensorless technique for BLDC motors." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001427/.

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Commutation is a fundamental feature of all DC machines. In conventional DC machines the commutation function is performed by the commutator and brushes. These act as both position sensors and switches. The mechanical commutator has obvious disadvantages. Overcoming those disadvantages has been a major reason behind the development of brushless DC (BLDC) machines. In brushless DC machines commutation is performed by power electronic devices forming part of an inverter bridge. However, switching of the power electronic devices has to be synchronised with rotor position. Position sensing is therefore an essential requirement. This can be done by using sensors such as Hall Effect devices or a sensorless approach may be adopted. Advantages of sensorless techniques include reduced cost and wiring. The most common sensorless method is based on detection of the zero crossing of back EMF signals. But this technique works only above a certain speed since back EMF is directly proportional to speed. As a result BLDC systems which rely solely on back EMF signals for commutation suffer from relatively poor starting performance characterised by back rotation of up to one hundred and eigthty electrical degrees and large fluctuations in electromagnetic torque resulting from non-ideal commutation instants. This may not be acceptable for some applications and many researchers have attempted to overcome those problems. The aim of this project has been to investigate the possibility of a sensorless technique which does not cost more than the back EMF method but with a performance at start-up comparable with that obtained when Hall sensors are used. Initial investigations led to a saliency based method. Detailed theoretical analysis is presented which shows that the method is insensitive to variations in operational parameters such as load current and circuit parameters such as power device voltage drops and winding resistances. There is a close parallel between it and the back EMF method and this makes it easy to swap to the latter method at high speed if necessary. A starting strategy, relying on saliency related measurements, is proposed which offers starting performance much better than the back EMF method and almost as good as Hall sensor based techniques. Experimental evidence is provided to confirm that commutation instants determined by the proposed method are practically coincident with those obtained when Hall sensors are used.

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27

Freire, Hermelo Maria. "Amplifier control using machine learning and coloured optical packet switching node design in optical networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS024.

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Le débit de données et la consommation d’énergie sont les principaux défis auxquels doivent faire face les réseaux optiques. Afin de réduire la consommation d’énergie, les réseaux opérateurs de transport optiques basés sur le concept de commutation de circuits optiques (OCS), deviennent optiquement transparents, réduisant les conversions optique/électrique (O/E) et électrique/optique (E/O). Pour faire face à l’augmentation du débit de données, on utilise des formats de modulations complexes et la technique de multiplexage en polarisation et on économise le spectre des fibres optiques en considérant une grille en longueurs d’onde plus flexible que la grille fixe ITU-T WDM. On développe des transpondeurs flexibles capables de sélectionner différents formats de modulation et longueurs d’onde; on développe également des multiplexeurs optiques d’insertion/extraction reconfigurables (ROADMs) basés sur des commutateurs sélectifs en longueur d’onde (WSSs). Ces réseaux flexibles prennent également en compte un trafic plus dynamique. Dynamisme et flexibilité impactent fortement les équipements des réseaux optiques, y compris les nœuds optiques d’un point de vue couche physique et couche de contrôle. Lorsque des canaux ou demandes sont ajoutés et/ou extraits, l’excursion de puissance optique des amplificateurs à fibre dopée à l’erbium (EDFAs) varie temporellement ce qui implique qu’elle doit être contrôlée dynamiquement. Dans ce contexte, le concept de réseau défini par le soft (SDN: Software Defined Network) prend tout son sens et l’introduction des techniques d’apprentissage machine (ML) permet d’entrevoir une aide au concept de SDN pour la gestion et le contrôle dynamique des réseaux optiques. Dans la première partie de ce travail de thèse, nous étudions l’excursion de puissance optique dans les réseaux de transport optiques dynamiques. Afin d’en atténuer les effets indésirables, nous introduisons et mettons en œuvre un module de prédiction et de pré-compensation de l’excursion de puissance en utilisant les méthodes ML. Comme les altérations de la couche physique (PLIs : Physical Layer Impairments) s’accumulent le long du chemin optique entre les noeuds source et destination de réseau, nous associons à l’excursion de puissance optique le rapport signal/bruit optique (OSNR: Optical Signal to Noise Ratio) et le taux d’erreur binaire (BER: Bit Error Rate), afin d’estimer la qualité de transmission (QoT: Quality of Transmission) de nouvelles configurations de canaux. Ensuite, en utilisant l’approche d’apprentissage par renforcement (RL), nous attribuons un format de modulation et une longueur d’onde aux différents canaux de façon automatique afin de réduire la probabilité de blocage des demandes entrantes dans les nœuds optiques. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse, nous présentons notre contribution en tant que partenaire du projet ANR N-GREEN. Le principal objectif de N-GREEN est de proposer une nouvelle génération de routeurs peu consommateurs en énergie en considérant une architecture de réseau. Dans ce projet, nous abordons une architecture de réseau basée sur la commutation optique de paquets colorés (OPS: Optical Packet Switching) en rupture avec celle considérée dans la première partie de cette thèse. Dans le cadre de ce projet, nous avons caractérisé expérimentalement un commutateur optique 2 x 2 basé sur des amplificateurs optiques à semi-conducteurs (SOAs). Cette caractérisation nous a permis de valider un réseau en anneau constitué de 10 noeuds en cascade. En envisageant une configuration de commutateur 16 x 16, la caractérisation expérimentale, dans des configurations à canal unique et WDM, laisse entrevoir des possibilités intéressantes pour la transmission de données à très haut débit
Data rate and energy consumption are the major concerns in optical networks. In order to reduce energy consumption, transport operator networks based on optical circuit switching (OCS) concept, are becoming optically transparent, reducing optical to electrical (O/E) and electrical to optical (E/O) conversions. To face data rate increase, complex modulation formats and dual-polarization systems are considered and fiber spectrum is saved using network resources in a more efficient way, giving rise to a flexible frequency grid. Flexible transponders are developed to tune modulation formats and wavelengths and reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) based on wavelength selective switches (WSSs) are studied. Flexible networks consider also a more dynamic traffic. Dynamism and flexibility lead to a deep transformation of the optical networks, including optical nodes, from both physical and control layer point of view. When channels are added and/or dropped, optical power excursion from erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) has to be controlled dynamically. In that context, software defined networking (SDN) assisted by machine learning (ML) techniques is envisaged as promising candidate for the management and the dynamic control of optical networks. In this context, in the first part of our PhD work, we deal with optical power excursion in dynamic optical transport networks. In order to mitigate undesirable effects, we introduce and implement power excursion prediction and pre-compensation module using ML methods. As physical layer impairments (PLIs) accumulate along the path, we consider optical power excursion together with optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and bit error rate (BER), to estimate quality of transmission (QoT) of unseen channel configurations. Afterwards, using a reinforcement learning (RL) approach, we establish an autonomous impairment aware modulation format and wavelength assignment procedure, and we show that this permits to reduce the blocking probability of the incoming demands in optical nodes. In the second part of our PhD work, in the context of the N-GREEN project from the French national agency of research, we address a disruptive network architecture based on coloured optical packet switching (OPS). The main objective of N-GREEN is to propose a new generation of energy efficient routers. In the N-GREEN project, we perform the experimental characterization of an optical 2 x 2 switch based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). This characterization leads to the proof of concept of a ring network with 10 nodes in cascade. Envisaging a 16 x 16 switch configuration, the experimental characterization, in single channel and WDM configurations, unveil interesting possibilities for the transmission of ultra-high data rates

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28

Suppharangsan, Wisaruda. "A new switching technique for minimisation of DC-link capacitance in switched reluctance machine drives." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14610/.

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In a switched reluctance (SR) drive, the transfer of the de-fluxing energy in stator windings back to the dc-link results in a large dc-link capacitance. This limits its applications where weight and size of the drive are restricted. This thesis describes a control technique for the dc-link capacitance minimisation in an SR drive. The proposed control technique maintains the constant power transfer between the de supply and the H-bridge converter. The average dc-link current over a switching period is kept constant. When the output of the integrator, i.e., the average dc-link current, reaches a predefined value proportional to the torque demand, appropriate switching takes place. This is achieved by integrating the dc-link current in each switching period. This technique is called dc-link current integration control (DLCIC). The de-fluxing current from the outgoing phase is not fed back to the dc-link capacitor. Instead, it is transferred to the incoming phase to prevent a negative dc-link current, which causes a fluctuation in the capacitor voltage. Extensive simulation studies of the DLCIC and other techniques reported in literature have been performed and the simulation results from DLCIC are compared with those from other techniques such as Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) and Pulse Width Modulation Current Control (PWMCC). It has been shown that the peak-to-peak voltages across the dc-link capacitor from DLCIC are the lowest amongst other techniques. The operational speed range of the DLCIC is determined and the optimal turn-on and turn-off angles are proposed. Filter components under the DLCIC operation has been designed and compared with the filter for HCC. It is shown that the weight of the filter for DLCIC is far lower than that for HCC. The proposed control technique have been validated by experiments. The experimental results show that at the dc-link voltage ripple which results from DLCIC is much lower than that from HCC. This demonstrates that DLCIC can minimise the dc-link capacitance in an SR machine drive.

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29

Robert, Frédéric. "Modélisation et simulation de transformateurs pour alimentations à découpage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211897.

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Анотація:

Cette thèse s'intéresse au transformateur de puissance qui constitue l'élément central de toute alimentation à découpage. La recherche s'articule selon deux axes: l'analyse des champs et le calcul des pertes cuivre d'une part, et la modélisation par schéma équivalent (en vue de réaliser des simulations électriques du convertisseur) d'autre part.

Selon le premier axe de recherche, l'idée est d'utiliser un logiciel de simulation de champs électromagnétiques par éléments finis pour analyser les champs en deux et en trois dimensions dans le transformateur. Outre une compréhension globale de la répartition des champs, on cherche à analyser finement les pertes cuivre générées dans les enroulements.

Aux fréquences utilisées dans les alimentations actuelles (typiquement quelques centaines de kilohertz), la densité de courant se répartit en effet de manière non uniforme dans les conducteurs suite aux effets quasi statiques (effet pelliculaire et effet de proximité). Les pertes cuivre doivent donc être calculées avec des outils spécifiques qui en tiennent compte. Or les modèles analytiques classiquement utilisés dans ce but (formules de Dowell et apparentées) reposent sur une analyse unidimensionnelle du transformateur, suivant une hypothèse dont la portée est mal connue et mise en cause par plusieurs auteurs.

Grâce aux simulations par éléments finis, la thèse dresse un inventaire inédit des effets quasi¬statiques 2D et 3D dans les enroulements. Les différents effets sont expliqués physiquement. La fiabilité des méthodes 1D est analysée et l'erreur commise par celles ci est quantifiée suivant le type d'enroulement et la fréquence. Trois méthodes alternatives de calcul des pertes en deux dimensions sont également analysées et critiquées.

Pour un type précis d'enroulement (une couche de ruban entre une valeur nulle et une valeur maximale de la force magnétomotrice), une "formule semi empirique" est encore développée. Celle-¬ci rassemble en une seule expression un grand nombre de simulations couvrant toutes les situations géométriques envisageables pour le type d'enroulement considéré. On crée ainsi un outil sans équivalent actuellement, qui allie la rapidité des méthodes 1D à la précision des simulations 2D. La formule semi empirique offre de nombreux avantages pour les concepteurs, dont une forme analytique particulière et la possibilité de réaliser des études paramétriques.

D'autre part, la thèse montre également que le "facteur de remplissage", notion présente dans la plupart des formules unidimensionnelles de calcul des pertes cuivre, résulte d'une erreur dans l'article de base de Dowell et se révèle donc sans fondement théorique. Ce facteur garde néanmoins une utilité pratique par le fait qu'il reproduit fortuitement certains effets 2D.

Selon le second axe de recherche, la modélisation, divers schémas équivalents sont analysés. Compte tenu du fait que les transformateurs utilisés dans les alimentations à découpage comprennent généralement plusieurs sorties et voient des formes d'onde fortement chargées en harmoniques, deux types de schémas particuliers sont retenus: le schéma "Coupled Choke Secondaries" (schéma CCS) et les schémas du Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Grenoble (schémas LEG). Le schéma CCS est validé sur un transformateur réel et implémenté dans une application conviviale.

Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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30

Backlund, Alexander. "Switching hybrid recommender system to aid the knowledge seekers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414623.

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In our daily life, time is of the essence. People do not have time to browse through hundreds of thousands of digital items every day to find the right item for them. This is where a recommendation system shines. Tigerhall is a company that distributes podcasts, ebooks and events to subscribers. They are expanding their digital content warehouse which leads to more data for the users to filter. To make it easier for users to find the right podcast or the most exciting e-book or event, a recommendation system has been implemented. A recommender system can be implemented in many different ways. There are content-based filtering methods that can be used that focus on information about the items and try to find relevant items based on that. Another alternative is to use collaboration filtering methods that use information about what the consumer has previously consumed in correlation with what other users have consumed to find relevant items. In this project, a hybrid recommender system that uses a k-nearest neighbors algorithm alongside a matrix factorization algorithm has been implemented. The k-nearest neighbors algorithm performed well despite the sparse data while the matrix factorization algorithm performs worse. The matrix factorization algorithm performed well when the user has consumed plenty of items.

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31

Eamrurksiri, Araya. "Applying Machine Learning to LTE/5G Performance Trend Analysis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik och maskininlärning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139126.

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The core idea of this thesis is to reduce the workload of manual inspection when the performance analysis of an updated software is required. The Central Process- ing Unit (CPU) utilization, which is one of the essential factors for evaluating the performance, is analyzed. The purpose of this work is to apply machine learning techniques that are suitable for detecting the state of the CPU utilization and any changes in the test environment that affects the CPU utilization. The detection re- lies on a Markov switching model to identify structural changes, which are assumed to follow an unobserved Markov chain, in the time series data. A historical behav- ior of the data can be described by a first-order autoregression. Then, the Markov switching model becomes a Markov switching autoregressive model. Another ap- proach based on a non-parametric analysis, a distribution-free method that requires fewer assumptions, called an E-divisive method, is proposed. This method uses a hi- erarchical clustering algorithm to detect multiple change point locations in the time series data. As the data used in this analysis does not contain any ground truth, the evaluation of the methods is analyzed by generating simulated datasets with known states. Besides, these simulated datasets are used for studying and compar- ing between the Markov switching autoregressive model and the E-divisive method. Results show that the former method is preferable because of its better performance in detecting changes. Some information about the state of the CPU utilization are also obtained from performing the Markov switching model. The E-divisive method is proved to have less power in detecting changes and has a higher rate of missed detections. The results from applying the Markov switching autoregressive model to the real data are presented with interpretations and discussions.

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32

Pretorius, Dewald. "Design study and analysis of a conventional radial-field flux-switching permanent magnet machine for a medium-speed wind turbine." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33844.

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A conventional radial-field FSPM machine was designed and studied. The research focussed on the effectiveness of using a parametric study to obtain an optimized solution compared to using a computerized optimizer; as well as an in-depth core loss analysis. The designing process started with an analytical design that was used for initial design purposes, and this was followed by numerical simulations to get an optimized solution. Within the numerical simulations, the parametric analysis and optimization were performed. The final optimized design was designed to be manufactured and compared to both the analytical and numerical results for validation. The analytical and numerical results were obtained using MathWorks MATLAB 2019a and Ansys Maxwell 19.1 respectively. The results show that an optimizer is more effective in finding an optimized solution in the design space, however, the parametric analyses are still useful in order to determine the design regions for the optimizer and how sensitive certain parameters are towards the FSPM machine's performance. In the end, these analyses are used to speed up the design process by minimizing computational time, and also provides an understanding to the designer of parameter changes on the FSPM machine's performance.

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Bardenet, Rémi. "Towards adaptive learning and inference : applications to hyperparameter tuning and astroparticle physics." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112307.

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Анотація:

Les algorithmes d'inférence ou d'optimisation possèdent généralement des hyperparamètres qu'il est nécessaire d'ajuster. Nous nous intéressons ici à l'automatisation de cette étape d'ajustement et considérons différentes méthodes qui y parviennent en apprenant en ligne la structure du problème considéré.La première moitié de cette thèse explore l'ajustement des hyperparamètres en apprentissage artificiel. Après avoir présenté et amélioré le cadre générique de l'optimisation séquentielle à base de modèles (SMBO), nous montrons que SMBO s'applique avec succès à l'ajustement des hyperparamètres de réseaux de neurones profonds. Nous proposons ensuite un algorithme collaboratif d'ajustement qui mime la mémoire qu'ont les humains d'expériences passées avec le même algorithme sur d'autres données.La seconde moitié de cette thèse porte sur les algorithmes MCMC adaptatifs, des algorithmes d'échantillonnage qui explorent des distributions de probabilité souvent complexes en ajustant leurs paramètres internes en ligne. Pour motiver leur étude, nous décrivons d'abord l'observatoire Pierre Auger, une expérience de physique des particules dédiée à l'étude des rayons cosmiques. Nous proposons une première partie du modèle génératif d'Auger et introduisons une procédure d'inférence des paramètres individuels de chaque événement d'Auger qui ne requiert que ce premier modèle. Ensuite, nous remarquons que ce modèle est sujet à un problème connu sous le nom de label switching. Après avoir présenté les solutions existantes, nous proposons AMOR, le premier algorithme MCMC adaptatif doté d'un réétiquetage en ligne qui résout le label switching. Nous présentons une étude empirique et des résultats théoriques de consistance d'AMOR, qui mettent en lumière des liens entre le réétiquetage et la quantification vectorielle
Inference and optimization algorithms usually have hyperparameters that require to be tuned in order to achieve efficiency. We consider here different approaches to efficiently automatize the hyperparameter tuning step by learning online the structure of the addressed problem. The first half of this thesis is devoted to hyperparameter tuning in machine learning. After presenting and improving the generic sequential model-based optimization (SMBO) framework, we show that SMBO successfully applies to the task of tuning the numerous hyperparameters of deep belief networks. We then propose an algorithm that performs tuning across datasets, mimicking the memory that humans have of past experiments with the same algorithm on different datasets. The second half of this thesis deals with adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, sampling-based algorithms that explore complex probability distributions while self-tuning their internal parameters on the fly. We start by describing the Pierre Auger observatory, a large-scale particle physics experiment dedicated to the observation of atmospheric showers triggered by cosmic rays. The models involved in the analysis of Auger data motivated our study of adaptive MCMC. We derive the first part of the Auger generative model and introduce a procedure to perform inference on shower parameters that requires only this bottom part. Our model inherently suffers from label switching, a common difficulty in MCMC inference, which makes marginal inference useless because of redundant modes of the target distribution. After reviewing existing solutions to label switching, we propose AMOR, the first adaptive MCMC algorithm with online relabeling. We give both an empirical and theoretical study of AMOR, unveiling interesting links between relabeling algorithms and vector quantization

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Axehill, Daniel, and Johan Sjöberg. "Adaptive Cruise Control for Heavy Vehicles : Hybrid Control and MPC." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1604.

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Анотація:

An Adaptive Cruise Controller (ACC) is an extension of an ordinary cruise controller. In addition to maintaining a desired set velocity, an ACC can also maintain a desired time gap to the vehicle ahead. For this end, both the engine andthe brakes are controlled.

The purpose with this thesis has been to develop control strategies for an ACC used in heavy vehicles. The focus of the work has been the methods used for switching between the use of engine and brake. Two different methods have been studied, a hybrid controller and an MPC-controller.

For the hybrid controller, the main contribution has been to use the influence of the surroundings on the acceleration of the truck. This consists of several parts such as wind drag, road slope and rolling resistance. The estimated influence of the surroundings is used as a switch point between the use of engine and brakes. Ideally, these switch points give bumpless actuator switches.

The interest in the MPC-controller as an alternative solution was to achieve automatic actuator switching, thus with no explicitly defined switch points. The MPC-controller is based on a model of the system including bounds on the control signals. Using this knowledge, the MPC-controller will choose the correct actuator for the current driving situation.

Results from simulations show that both methods solve the actuator switch problem. The advantages with the hybrid controller are that it is implementable in a truck with the hardware used today and that it is relatively simple to parameterise. A drawback is that explicit switch points between the uses of the different actuators have to be included. The advantages with the MPC-controller are that no explicit switch points have to be introduced and that constraints and time delays on signals in the system can be handled in a simple way. Among the drawbacks, it can be mentioned that the variant of MPC, used in this thesis, is too complex to implement in the control system currently used in trucks. One further important drawback is that MPC demands a mathematical model of the system.

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35

Aksel, Fatih. "Enhancing Accuracy Of Hybrid Recommender Systems Through Adapting The Domain Trends." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612330/index.pdf.

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Анотація:

Traditional hybrid recommender systems typically follow a manually created fixed prediction strategy in their decision making process. Experts usually design these static strategies as fixed combinations of different techniques. However, people'
s tastes and desires are temporary and they gradually evolve. Moreover, each domain has unique characteristics, trends and unique user interests. Recent research has mostly focused on static hybridization schemes which do not change at runtime. In this thesis work, we describe an adaptive hybrid recommender system, called AdaRec that modifies its attached prediction strategy at runtime according to the performance of prediction techniques (user feedbacks). Our approach to this problem is to use adaptive prediction strategies. Experiment results with datasets show that our system outperforms naive hybrid recommender.

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Shenouda, Amir. "Quasi-static hydraulic control systems and energy savings potential using independent metering four-valve assembly configuration." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07052006-143614/.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Wayne J. Book, Committee Chair ; Nader Sadegh, Committee Member ; Chris Paredis, Committee Member ; Bonnie Heck, Committee Member ; Roger Yang, Committee Member ; Renato D.C.Monteiro, Committee Member.

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37

Ruíz, Hernández Diego. "Essays on indexability of stochastic sheduling and dynamic allocation problems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7347.

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Анотація:

In this Thesis, we first deploy Gittins index theory to establish the indexability of inter-alia general families of restless bandits that arise in problems of stochastic scheduling with switching penalties and machine maintenance. We also give formulae for the resulting indices. Numerical investigations testify the strong performance of the index heuristics.

The second class of problems concerns two families of Markov decision problems. The spinning plates problem concerns the optimal management of a portfolio of assets whose yields grow with investment but otherwise decline. In the model of asset exploitation called the squad system, the yield from an asset declines when it is utilised but will recover when the asset is at rest. Simply stated conditions are given which guarantee general indexability of the problem together with necessary and sufficient conditions for strict indexability. The index heuristics, which emerge from the analysis, are assessed numerically and found to perform strongly.

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38

Mollaret, Sébastien. "Artificial intelligence algorithms in quantitative finance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PESC2002.

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Анотація:

L'intelligence artificielle est devenue de plus en plus populaire en finance quantitative avec l'augmentation des capacités de calcul ainsi que de la complexité des modèles et a conduit à de nombreuses applications financières. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons trois applications différentes pour résoudre des défis concernant le domaine des dérivés financiers allant de la sélection de modèle, à la calibration de modèle ainsi que la valorisation des dérivés. Dans la Partie I, nous nous intéressons à un modèle avec changement de régime de volatilité afin de valoriser des dérivés sur actions. Les paramètres du modèle sont estimés à l'aide de l'algorithme d'Espérance-Maximisation (EM) et une composante de volatilité locale est ajoutée afin que le modèle soit calibré sur les prix d'options vanilles à l'aide de la méthode particulaire. Dans la Partie II, nous utilisons ensuite des réseaux de neurones profonds afin de calibrer un modèle à volatilité stochastique, dans lequel la volatilité est représentée par l'exponentielle d'un processus d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, afin d'approximer la fonction qui lie les paramètres du modèle aux volatilités implicites correspondantes hors ligne. Une fois l'approximation couteuse réalisée hors ligne, la calibration se réduit à un problème d'optimisation standard et rapide. Dans la Partie III, nous utilisons enfin des réseaux de neurones profonds afin de valorisation des options américaines sur de grands paniers d'actions pour surmonter la malédiction de la dimension. Différentes méthodes sont étudiées avec une approche de type Longstaff-Schwartz, où nous approximons les valeurs de continuation, et une approche de type contrôle stochastique, où nous résolvons l'équation différentielle partielle de valorisation en la reformulant en problème de contrôle stochastique à l'aide de la formule de Feynman-Kac non linéaire
Artificial intelligence has become more and more popular in quantitative finance given the increase of computer capacities as well as the complexity of models and has led to many financial applications. In the thesis, we have explored three different applications to solve financial derivatives challenges, from model selection, to model calibration and pricing. In Part I, we focus on a regime-switching model to price equity derivatives. The model parameters are estimated using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and a local volatility component is added to fit vanilla option prices using the particle method. In Part II, we then use deep neural networks to calibrate a stochastic volatility model, where the volatility is modelled as the exponential of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, by approximating the mapping between model parameters and corresponding implied volatilities offline. Once the expensive approximation has been performed offline, the calibration reduces to a standard & fast optimization problem.In Part III, we finally use deep neural networks to price American option on large baskets to solve the curse of the dimensionality. Different methods are studied with a Longstaff-Schwartz approach, where we approximate the continuation values, and a stochastic control approach, where we solve the pricing partial differential equation by reformulating the problem as a stochastic control problem using the non-linear Feynman-Kac formula

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39

Aboelhassan, Mustafa Osman Elrayah. "Robustní řízení synchronního stroje s permanentními magnety a spínaným tokem." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233605.

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Je jasné, že nejúspěšnější konstrukce zahrnuje postup vícefázového řízení, ve kterém každá fáze může být považována za samostatný modul. Provoz kterékoliv z jednotek musí mít minimální vliv na ostatní, a to tak, že v případě selhání jedné jednotky ostatní mohou být v provozu neovlivněny. Modulární řešení vyžaduje minimální elektrické, magnetické a tepelné ovlivnění mezi fázemi řízení (měniče). Synchronní stroje s pulzním tokem a permanentními magnety se jeví jako atraktivní typ stroje, jejíž přednostmi jsou vysoký kroutící moment, jednoduchá a robustní konstrukce rotoru a skutečnost, že permanentní magnety i cívky jsou umístěny společně na statoru. FS-PMSM jsou poměrně nové typy střídavého stroje stator-permanentní magnet, které představují významné přednosti na rozdíl od konvenčních rotorů - velký kroutící moment, vysoký točivý moment, v podstatě sinusové zpětné EMF křivky, zároveň kompaktní a robustní konstrukce díky umístění magnetů a vinutí kotvy na statoru. Srovnání výsledků mezi FS-PMSM a klasickými motory na povrchu upevněnými PM (SPM) se stejnými parametry ukazuje, že FS-PMSM vykazuje větší vzduchové mezery hustoty toku, vyšší točivý moment na ztráty v mědi, ale také vyšší pulzaci díky reluktančnímu momentu. Pro stroje buzené permanentními magnety se jedná o tradiční rozpor mezi požadavkem na vysoký kroutící moment pod základní rychlostí (oblast konstantního momentu) a provozem nad základní rychlostí (oblast konstantního výkonu), zejména pro aplikace v hybridních vozidlech. Je předložena nová topologie synchronního stroje s permanentními magnety a spínaným tokem odolného proti poruchám, která je schopná provozu během vinutí naprázdno a zkratovaného vinutí i poruchách měniče. Schéma je založeno na dvojitě vinutém motoru napájeném ze dvou oddělených vektorově řízených napěťových zdrojů. Vinutí jsou uspořádána takovým způsobem, aby tvořila dvě nezávislé a oddělené sady. Simulace a experimentální výzkum zpřesní výkon během obou scénářů jak za normálního provozu, tak za poruch včetně zkratových závad a ukáží robustnost pohonu za těchto podmínek. Tato práce byla publikována v deseti konferenčních příspěvcích, dvou časopisech a knižní kapitole, kde byly představeny jak topologie pohonu a aplikovaná řídící schémata, tak analýzy jeho schopnosti odolávat poruchám.

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40

Menacer, Mohamed Amine. "Reconnaissance et traduction automatique de la parole de vidéos arabes et dialectales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0157.

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Les travaux de recherche ont été développés dans le cadre du projet AMIS (Access to Multilingual Information and opinionS) dont l'objectif principal est de développer un système d’aide à la compréhension de vidéos dans des langues étrangères en générant un résumé automatique de ces dernières dans une langue compréhensible par l'utilisateur. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la reconnaissance et la traduction automatique de la parole de vidéos arabes et dialectales. Les approches statistiques proposées dans la littérature pour la reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP) sont indépendantes de la langue et elles sont applicables à l'arabe standard. Cependant, cette dernière présente quelques caractéristiques que nous devons prendre en considération afin de booster les performances du système de RAP. Parmi ces caractéristiques on peut citer l'absence de l'indication des voyelles dans le texte ce qui rend difficile leur apprentissage par le modèle acoustique. Nous avons proposé plusieurs approches de modélisation acoustique et/ou de langage afin de mieux reconnaître la parole arabe. L'arabe standard n'est pas la langue maternelle, c'est pourquoi dans les conversations quotidiennes, on utilise le dialecte, un arabe inspiré de l'arabe standard, mais pas seulement. Nous avons travaillé sur l'adaptation du système développé pour l'arabe standard au dialecte algérien qui est l'une des variantes de la langue arabe les plus difficiles à reconnaître par les systèmes de RAP. Cela est dû aux mots empruntés d'autres langues, au code-switching et au manque de ressources. Notre proposition pour remédier à ces problèmes est de tirer profit des données orales et textuelles d'autres langues impactant le dialecte. Le texte résultant de la RAP arabe a été utilisé pour la traduction automatique (TA). Nous avons réalisé dans un premier temps une étude comparative entre l'approche statistique à base de segments et l'approche neuronale utilisées dans le cadre de la TA. Ensuite, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’adaptation de ces deux approches pour traduire le texte code-switché. Notre étude portait sur le mélange de l'arabe et de l'anglais dans des documents officiels des nations unies. Pour pallier les différents problèmes dus à la propagation des erreurs dans le système séquentiel, nous avons travaillé sur l'adaptation du vocabulaire du système de RAP et sur la proposition d'une nouvelle modélisation permettant la traduction directe de la parole
This research has been developed in the framework of the project AMIS (Access to Multilingual Information and opinionS). AMIS is an European project which aims to help people to understand the main idea of a video in a foreign language by generating an automatic summary of it. In this thesis, we focus on the automatic recognition and translation of the speech of Arabic and dialectal videos. The statistical approaches proposed in the literature for automatic speech recognition are language independent and they are applicable to modern standard Arabic. However, this language presents some characteristics that we need to take into consideration in order to boost the performance of the speech recognition system. Among these characteristics we can mention the absence of short vowels in the text, which makes their training by the acoustic model difficult. We proposed several approaches to acoustic and/or language modeling in order to better recognize the Arabic speech. In the Arab world, modern standard Arabic is not the mother tongue, that is why daily conversations are carried out with dialect, an Arabic inspired from modern standard Arabic, but not only. We worked on the adaptation of the speech recognition system developed for the modern standard Arabic to the Algerian dialect, which is one of the most difficult variants of the Arabic language to recognize by automatic speech recognition systems. This is mainly due to the borrowed words from other languages, the code-switching and the lack of resources. Our approach to overcome all these problems is to take advantage from oral and textual data of other languages that have an impact on the dialect in order to train the required models for dialect speech recognition. The resulting text from Arabic speech recognition system was then used for machine translation. As a starting point, we conducted a comparative study between the phrase based approach and the neural approach used in machine translation. Then, we adapted these two approaches to translate the code-switched text. Our study focused on the mix of Arabic and English in a parallel corpus extracted from official documents of the United Nations. In order to prevent the error propagation in the pipeline system, we worked on the adaptation of the vocabulary of the automatic speech recognition system and on the proposition of a new model that directly transforms a speech signal in language A into a sequence of words in another language B

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41

Pascal, Jean-Pierre. "Etude de circuits d'aide à la commutation de thyristors GTO montés en série pour des applications à la traction ferroviaire." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066273.

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Revue des propriétés des thyristors interrupteurs. Aptitude à l'utilisation en grande traction. Etude du rétablissement de la tension aux bornes. Soufflage et mise en série des thyristors interrupteurs. Caractérisation des GTO de grande puissance.

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42

Khamzin, Yersin. "Technologie vstřikování zkušebních těles z termoplastů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444217.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the optimization of technological parameters of plastic injection molding and the study of the influence of technological parameters on the quality of molded test specimens’ type 1A. The quality of molded parts for 3 types of polypropylene (PP) with different melt flow rate (Mosten GB 002, Mosten GB 218, Mosten MA 230) and 1 type of polystyrene (PS) (Krasten PS GP 154) was evaluated in terms of dimensional stability and weight. The contribution of software for modeling the plastic injection molding process was evaluated in this work. SOLIDWORKS Plastics software was used to optimize technological parameters. The construction of the bodies, mold and cooling system was constructed, and test bodies were produced on the basis of parameters obtained from the simulation of the injection molding process. Their quality parameters were compared with a 3D model and for each of the studied materials the optimal technological parameters were selected in terms of quality and the degree of influence of individual injection parameters on the quality of moldings was evaluated. The accordance of the results of the theoretical simulation with the real experiment was proved and a computational module independent of the optimized quality parameters, generally suitable for optimizing the quality parameters of the injected parts, was developed.

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43

Sun, Shang-Te, and 宋尚德. "A Programmable State machine based Field Extraction Engine for Content switching." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09296734408773769454.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
90
With the popularity of network applications and broadband network, the traffic on the network is continuously arising. We use the server clustering architecture to solve these problems. But the Layer 4 server cluster technique is still not enough for many emerging applications like E-business, because it can’t switch according to the user’s request content. Sometimes it may cause a serious error and reduce the performance of web servers. Content switching is a new technique to come with the tide of fashion, which has the intelligence to make the transmission between clients and servers faster and more reliable. Content switching has three basic approaches, which are URL switching, Cookie switching, and SSL switching. We study these techniques and develop a hardware architecture to implement the Content switching. We use the Content Addressable memory (CAM) and Programmable Logic Device to implement our system to make our solution more programmable. Finally we discuss the policies applying in content switching, and then we estimate the inference and the performance of the system.

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44

Yu, Chung-Wen, and 余忠温. "Development of Regenerative Braking Control System for DC-Excited Flux Switching Machine." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pmsb68.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系
106
Regenerative braking is often employed to extend traveling distance of electric vehicles. This scheme is generally implemented with a bidirectional DC/DC converter in the DC-link to recover braking energy and a battery for energy storage. Thus, considerable increase of hardware and cost is needed. This thesis investigates a regenerative braking control strategy for a DC-excited flux switching machine. The machine was designed to drive small electric scooters. The relationships between recovery energy and motor drive losses are analyzed for the optimal braking conditions. A regenerative braking control strategy is proposed. The system only requires a simple modification to the field driver circuit with the addition of a super capacitor for energy storage. Regenerative braking is realized with the integration of circuit mode switching and control. Experiments are performed to verify the proposed control strategy. The measured losses are generally agreed with the analytic calculations. Moreover, dynamic test results show that the braking energy can be recovered and reused with the proposed strategy. Therefore, total energy used for periodic driving cycles reduced considerably.

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45

Quan, Nguyen Hong, and Nguyen Hong Quan. "Design and Sensorless Control of Three-Phase Wound-Field Flux-Switching Machine." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xpfw6x.

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博士
國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系
107
The research presents a machine design and sensorless control algorithms development for three-phase outer-rotor wound-field flux-switching machines (WFFSM) having field and armature windings on the stator. The outer-rotor configuration is an appropriate candidate for the in-wheel traction applications. On the other hand, the field windings replacing permanent magnets (PM) provide a potential for lower cost applications and the investigation of control algorithms. The operational principle and electro-magnetic design of a three-phase, 12 slot-7 pole (12S-7P) WF-FSM with outer-rotor configuration were studied first. This topology was selected because it produced higher torque and fewer back-electromotive force voltage harmonics than the other topologies. The machine was designed on the basis of the physical dimension limitations for in-wheel traction in a lightweight electric scooter. Because this machine exhibits shaft radial magnetic force caused by the odd rotor poles, a novel dual-structure motor is proposed to reduce this force. The finite element analysis (FEA) calculation results demonstrated that the shaft radial force can be reduced to nearly zero with this design, whereas the generated torque was reduced only by 3%. The effectiveness of the design was also verified through the experiments that compared theii vibrations of the original and the dual-structure motors. The vibration of the dualstructure motor was substantially lower than that of the original motor. The mathematical model for WF-FSM was derived based on the model of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with the inclusion of the field component. A 3x3 matrix model has been expressed with both coupling of q-d axes and d axis-field. An approximated high frequency model was also derived for the development of sensorless control. Two sensorless control schemes for WF-FSM are developed in this thesis, the high frequency (HF) voltage injection based and the backEMF based controls. The square-wave HF voltage injection based algorithm has several variations since there are two windings in the machine. Both the analytical and experimental results reveal that the scheme with d-axis voltage injection and q-axis inducing current process is generally similar to that used for PMSMs. Polarity identification is required to prevent phase errors in the estimated position. The schemes with separate windings for voltage injection and current processing demonstrate superior performance compared with the scheme without, and both schemes do not require polarity identification. Moreover, voltage injection at the field winding has an additional advantage for high-speed operations. The second sensorless control scheme developed in this thesis is based on the extended back-EMF. Because of the field excitation, the position estimated from the extended back-EMF has an offset-angle which is related to the field current. The influence of the offset-angle is negligible when the machine is operating in the closedloop control. However, in the start-up period, the offset-angle causes instability to the switching from the open-loop to the closed-loop control. An integrated start-up scheme was also presented which combines the HF voltage injection scheme at standstill, lowspeed and the extended back-EMF scheme at medium, high speeds.

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46

Burgers, K. C. "The non-linear resonant pole soft switching inverter with induction machine load." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10226.

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D.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering)
The non-linear resonant pole (NLRP) inverter is part of the family of soft switching topologies based on resonant phenomena. The sequence of commutation that occurs between the semiconductors of a conventional voltage source inverter is modified through the mechanisms of energy exchange between added passive energy storage components. The NLRP inverter, through its psuedo resonant behaviour (resonant transition), gives rise to zero voltage and zero current turn-on of the switching devices as well as soft turn-off. The switching device voltage stresses are around 1 p.u, while the current stresses are reduced to around 1.3 p.u, by feeding back a portion of the load current. The rms current flowing through the inductor and switches is greatly reduced by driving the inductor into saturation (non-linear mode of operation). The advantages of soft switching, such as high switching frequency which allows greater dynamic response and higher power densities, along with reduced EMI, are achieved with this topology. Detailed analysis at multi- and sub-cycle levels is carried out, resulting in circuit equations and the criteria for commutation success. The commutation boundaries of the inverter are defined and methods discussed on how to extend them. The modulation of the NLRP inverter and some aspects regarding its use as part of both low and high performance induction motor drives are presented.

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47

Yu, Shin-Yeu, and 游新羽. "A Study on An Isolated Self-excited Induction Machine and Series Connected Self-excited Synchronous Machine Under Switching Conditions." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3g3gwm.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
90
This thesis investigates the performance of a wound-rotor induction machine under two different operating modes by means of switching conditions. One operating mode is a self-excited induction generator with short-circuited Y-connected rotor terminals while the other is a series connected self-excited synchronous generator with Y-connected rotor windings in series with the stator windings in different phase sequence. The three-phase a-b-c induction-machine model is employed to analyze the performance of the studied machine under two different operating modes. The studied induction machine is also operated as a motor under these two different modes to analyze the startup and loading performance. To validate the proposed mathematical model under different operating modes and loading conditions, the simulated steady-state and transient results are compared with the experimental results obtained from a laboratory 1.1kW wound-rotor induction machine. It can be concluded from the simulated and experimental results that the proposed model is adequate to simulate the performance of the induction machine operated as generator and motor modes under switching conditions.

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48

Jhang, Hong-Hao, and 張鴻豪. "Using Support Vector Committee Machine for Face Tracking Based on Adaptive Color Space Switching." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43806884727505884968.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電子與資訊工程研究所
94
In this thesis, we proposed a support vector committee machine (SVCM) based adaptive color space switching for human face tracking. The color space is dynamic switching to the most appropriate color space model (CSM) according to circumstance conditions. Most traditional tracking algorithms used empirical skin color distribution model to discriminate skin/non-skin regions. These empirical skin color models are not considered the illumination and environment variation. It results in less capacity to model skin color distribution. In this thesis, skin color distribution under five color spaces and Laws texture energy are used to represent face features. The features of skin color are used to train support vector machines (SVM) under five CSMs, independently. In the pre-processing, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) concentrates important features and reduce computational complexity. Then, the face images are transformed into five CSMs and a bootstrap aggregating method is applied to re-sample the training samples for training SVMs. The bootstrap aggregating method promotes the classification accuracy and generalization of learning machine. A specific designed quality measurement is proposed to assess the face tracking performance in five color spaces. Finally, adaptive color space switching aggregates the results of each SVM to select the most appropriate CSM. Experimental results show that the proposed method selects the most appropriate color space automatically. Accordingly, faces could be tracked correctly under varying environment.

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49

Jiang, Jun-Ying, and 江俊瑩. "Design and Control of a 12-Slot 7-Pole DC-Excited Flux Switching Machine." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6n696h.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電機工程研究所
104
This thesis investigates the design and control method for DC-Excited flux switching machine. DC-Excited flux switching machine uses dc field windings to replace permanent magnets, so the field is generated by field winding. Because its field can be regulated by dc current, the controllability of this type is more flexible. However, only a few researches have investigated the control strategy. In this thesis, a design and control strategy for three phase 12-slot 7-pole DC-excited flux switching machine is presented. Furthermore, the unbalanced radial magnetic force due to the asymmetric structure is investigated. The mathematical model of this motor is established and compare with the tradition permanent magnet motor, then a control scheme for maximum torque and regenerative braking is discussed.

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50

Chang, Yu-Ying, and 張玉瑩. "The capability of a machine learning expert system to capture the style-switching profitability." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92503842246809846785.

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Анотація:

碩士
靜宜大學
企業管理研究所
91
At present, the empirical study of the Efficient Market Hypothesis Theory (1970) was not having the final conclusion. Many studies have shown that there were many factors to influence the return of stocks, and the main factors were Growth and value, Quality, Beta, Yield and Size. But those studies were discussing no more than two dimensions. Therefore, we try to mix five factors to discuss. Beside, we also have taken the change of condition into account, and we join the variation of the condition and five dimensions into the Neuro Fuzzy to predict the rewards. According to the result, we found the anticipation reward by the Neuro Fuzzy was significantly higher than other three strategies. That shown the model of the Neuro Fuzzy has learned the rules between condition and dimension to get the better anticipation result. In addition, in the bull (bear) market analysis, we found that the reward anticipated by Neuro Fuzzy was outperformed the other three strategies in bear market. That was shown the Neuro Fuzzy that join the condition and five dimensions possessing the anticipation ability.

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Дисертації з теми "Switching machines"

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