Статті в журналах: "Sustainable solvent"

1

Welton, Tom. "Solvents and sustainable chemistry." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2183 (November 2015): 20150502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0502.

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Solvents are widely recognized to be of great environmental concern. The reduction of their use is one of the most important aims of green chemistry. In addition to this, the appropriate selection of solvent for a process can greatly improve the sustainability of a chemical production process. There has also been extensive research into the application of so-called green solvents, such as ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. However, most examples of solvent technologies that give improved sustainability come from the application of well-established solvents. It is also apparent that the successful implementation of environmentally sustainable processes must be accompanied by improvements in commercial performance.

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Nguyen Thi, Hai Yen, Bao Tran Duy Nguyen, and Jeong F. Kim. "Sustainable Fabrication of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010019.

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Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been considered as one of the key technologies to improve the sustainability of separation processes. Recently, apart from enhancing the membrane performance, greener fabricate on of OSN membranes has been set as a strategic objective. Considerable efforts have been made aiming to improve the sustainability in membrane fabrication, such as replacing membrane materials with biodegradable alternatives, substituting toxic solvents with greener solvents, and minimizing waste generation with material recycling. In addition, new promising fabrication and post-modification methods of solvent-stable membranes have been developed exploiting the concept of interpenetrating polymer networks, spray coating, and facile interfacial polymerization. This review compiles the recent progress and advances for sustainable fabrication in the field of polymeric OSN membranes.

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3

Sels, Hannes, Herwig De Smet, and Jeroen Geuens. "SUSSOL—Using Artificial Intelligence for Greener Solvent Selection and Substitution." Molecules 25, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 3037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133037.

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Solvents come in many shapes and types. Looking for solvents for a specific application can be hard, and looking for green alternatives for currently used nonbenign solvents can be even harder. We describe a new methodology for solvent selection and substitution, by applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) software to cluster a database of solvents based on their physical properties. The solvents are processed by a neural network, the Self-organizing Map of Kohonen, which results in a 2D map of clusters. The resulting clusters are validated both chemically and statistically and are presented in user-friendly visualizations by the SUSSOL (Sustainable Solvents Selection and Substitution Software) software. The software helps the user in exploring the solvent space and in generating and evaluating a list of possible alternatives for a specific solvent. The alternatives are ranked based on their safety, health, and environment scores. Cases are discussed to demonstrate the possibilities of our approach and to show that it can help in the search for more sustainable and greener solvents. The SUSSOL software makes intuitive sense and in most case studies, the software confirms the findings in literature, thus providing a sound platform for selecting the most sustainable solvent candidate.

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4

Bouguern, Mohamed Djihad, Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy, Xia Li, Sixu Deng, Harriet Laryea, and Karim Zaghib. "Engineering Dry Electrode Manufacturing for Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 10, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010039.

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The pursuit of industrializing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with exceptional energy density and top-tier safety features presents a substantial growth opportunity. The demand for energy storage is steadily rising, driven primarily by the growth in electric vehicles and the need for stationary energy storage systems. However, the manufacturing process of LIBs, which is crucial for these applications, still faces significant challenges in terms of both financial and environmental impacts. Our review paper comprehensively examines the dry battery electrode technology used in LIBs, which implies the use of no solvents to produce dry electrodes or coatings. In contrast, the conventional wet electrode technique includes processes for solvent recovery/drying and the mixing of solvents like N-methyl pyrrolidine (NMP). Methods that use dry films bypass the need for solvent blending and solvent evaporation processes. The advantages of dry processes include a shorter production time, reduced energy consumption, and lower equipment investment. This is because no solvent mixing or drying is required, making the production process much faster and, thus, decreasing the price. This review explores three solvent-free dry film techniques, such as extrusion, binder fibrillation, and dry spraying deposition, applied to LIB electrode coatings. Emphasizing cost-effective large-scale production, the critical methods identified are hot melting, extrusion, and binder fibrillation. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the solvent-free dry-film-making methods, detailing the underlying principles, procedures, and relevant parameters.

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5

Dong, Xiaobo, David Lu, Tequila A. L. Harris, and Isabel C. Escobar. "Polymers and Solvents Used in Membrane Fabrication: A Review Focusing on Sustainable Membrane Development." Membranes 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050309.

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(1) Different methods have been applied to fabricate polymeric membranes with non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) being one of the mostly widely used. In NIPS, a solvent or solvent blend is required to dissolve a polymer or polymer blend. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF) and other petroleum-derived solvents are commonly used to dissolve some petroleum-based polymers. However, these components may have negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, using greener and less toxic components is of great interest for increasing membrane fabrication sustainability. The chemical structure of membranes is not affected by the use of different solvents, polymers, or by the differences in fabrication scale. On the other hand, membrane pore structures and surface roughness can change due to differences in diffusion rates associated with different solvents/co-solvents diffusing into the non-solvent and with differences in evaporation time. (2) Therefore, in this review, solvents and polymers involved in the manufacturing process of membranes are proposed to be replaced by greener/less toxic alternatives. The methods and feasibility of scaling up green polymeric membrane manufacturing are also examined.

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6

Kluge, Steven, Karla Hartenauer, and Murat Tutuş. "Morphology Behavior of Polysulfone Membranes Made from Sustainable Solvents." Gases 4, no. 3 (June 25, 2024): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gases4030008.

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In a previous study, we demonstrated a change in membrane morphology and gas separation performance by varying the recipe of a casting solution based on polysulfone in a certain solvent system. Although all results were reproducible, all used solvents were harmful and not sustainable. In this study, the solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) are replaced by the more sustainable solvents 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2M-THF), N-butyl pyrrolidinone (NBP) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The gas permeation performance and, for the first time, morphology of the membranes before and after solvent replacement were determined and compared by single gas permeation measurements and SEM microscopy. It is shown that THF can be replaced by 2M-THF and NBP without decreasing the gas permeation performance. With CPME replacing THF, no membranes were formed. Systems with 2M-THF as a THF alternative showed the best gas permeation results. Permeances for the tested gases oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were 5.91 × 10−2, 8.84 × 10−3, 4.00 × 10−1 and 1.00 × 10−2 GPU, respectively. Permselectivities of those membranes for the gas pairs O2/N2, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 were 6.7, 38.3 and 34.0, respectively. When also replacing DMAc in the solvent system, no or only porous membranes were obtained, even if the precipitation procedure was adjusted. These findings indicate that a complete replacement of the solvent system without affecting the membrane morphology or gas permeation performance is not possible. By varying the temperature of the precipitation bath, the formation of mechanically stable PSU membranes is possible only if THF is replaced by 2M-THF.

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7

El Deeb, Sami. "Enhancing Sustainable Analytical Chemistry in Liquid Chromatography: Guideline for Transferring Classical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Methods into Greener, Bluer, and Whiter Methods." Molecules 29, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133205.

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This review is dedicated to sustainable practices in liquid chromatography. HPLC and UHPLC methods contribute significantly to routine analytical techniques. Therefore, the transfer of classical liquid chromatographic methods into sustainable ones is of utmost importance in moving toward sustainable development goals. Among other principles to render a liquid chromatographic method green, the substitution of the organic solvent component in the mobile phase with a greener one received great attention. This review concentrates on choosing the best alternative green organic solvent to replace the classical solvent in the mobile phase for easy, rapid transfer to a more sustainable normal phase or reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The main focus of this review will be on describing the transfer of non-green to green and white chromatographic methods in an effort to elevate sustainability best practices in analytical chemistry. The greenness properties and greenness ranking, in addition to the chromatographic suitability of seventeen organic solvents for liquid chromatography, are mentioned to have a clear insight into the issue of rapidly choosing the appropriate solvent to transfer a classical HPLC or UHPLC method into a more sustainable one. A simple guide is proposed for making the liquid chromatographic method more sustainable.

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8

Jordan, Andrew, and Helen F. Sneddon. "Development of a solvent-reagent selection guide for the formation of thioesters." Green Chemistry 21, no. 8 (2019): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00355j.

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9

Soares, Maria I. L., Ana L. Cardoso, and Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo. "Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Reactions in Sustainable Media." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041304.

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Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction is one of the most powerful strategies for the construction of six-membered carbocyclic and heterocyclic systems, in most cases with high regio- and stereoselectivity. In this review, an insight into the most relevant advances on sustainable Diels–Alder reactions since 2010 is provided. Various environmentally benign solvent systems are discussed, namely bio-based derived solvents (such as glycerol and gluconic acid), polyethylene glycol, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical carbon dioxide, water and water-based aqueous systems. Issues such as method’s scope, efficiency, selectivity and reaction mechanism, as well as sustainability, advantages and limitations of these reaction media, are addressed.

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10

Wang, Yadong, Mingfei Dai, Gang Luo, Jiajun Fan, James H. Clark, and Shicheng Zhang. "Preparation and Application of Green Sustainable Solvent Cyrene." Chemistry 5, no. 4 (October 21, 2023): 2322–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5040154.

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The bio-based solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) is a green and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based dipolar aprotic solvents. Cyrene can be prepared from cellulose in a simple two-step process and can be produced in a variety of yields. Cyrene is compatible with a large number of reactions in the chemical industry and can be applied in organic chemistry, biocatalysis, materials chemistry, graphene and lignin processing, etc. It is also green, non-mutagenic and non-toxic, which makes it very promising for applications. In this paper, we have also screened all articles related to Cyrene on the Web of Science and visualised them through Cite Space.

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11

Bhavsar, Parag, Marina Zoccola, Giulia Dalla Fontana, Marco Pallavicini, Gabriella Roda, and Cristiano Bolchi. "Sustainable Routes for Wool Grease Removal Using Green Solvent Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether in Solvent Extraction and Biosurfactant Wool Protein Hydrolyzate in Scouring." Processes 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2023): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051309.

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This work focuses on introducing new sustainable chemicals in the wool grease removal processes by aiming to understand the effect of an eco-friendly solvent, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), in solvent-based wool grease extraction and, in addition, the impact of the wool protein hydrolyzate (WPH) as a biosurfactant derived from green hydrolysis in the wool scouring process. In the green solvent extraction process assisted using solvent CPME, the effect of CPME on grease extraction and the presence of four primary fatty acids were evaluated and compared with conventional solvents. The quantity of grease extracted using green solvent CPME was more significant than the conventional solvents. An extraction using green solvent CPME resulted in 11.95% extracted wool grease, which is more when compared with 8.19% hexane and 10.28% diethyl ether. The total quantity of four fatty acids was analyzed and found to be ~15% for CPME ~17% for Hexan compared with ~20% for commercial lanolin. FTIR of CPME-extracted wool grease exhibits primary and distinguishing bands similar to pure wool grease. Wool cleanliness efficiency was morphologically analyzed using SEM, resulting in no fiber degradation or surface alterations. These analyzes indicated that CPME has the potential to be claimed as an effective green alternative to conventional solvents for the extraction of grease and fatty acids. In a sustainable scouring process, WPH was used as a biosurfactant, an eco-friendly alternative. Furthermore, scouring process parameters such as temperature, material-to-liquor ratio, and WPH concentration were optimized for efficient scouring. The wool samples scoured using WPH biosurfactant exhibited nearly similar whiteness and yellowness and washing yield compared with Biotex AL. These results comply with SEM analysis, which showed that WPH-scoured wool had an intact scale structure, a smooth fiber surface, and no wool grease layer. At optimum conditions, WPH reduced the residual grease content of Sopravissana wool from 22.29% to 0.30%, comparable to the commercial biosurfactant Biotex AL. Compared with conventional wool grease removal processes, the green solvent CPME and biosurfactant WPH were considered viable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternatives.

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12

Lanfranco, Alberto, Riccardo Moro, Emanuele Azzi, Annamaria Deagostino, and Polyssena Renzi. "Unconventional approaches for the introduction of sulfur-based functional groups." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 32 (2021): 6926–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob01091c.

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Alternative solvents, ultrasound, electrochemistry and solvent-free methodologies to obtain sulfur-based compounds are herein reviewed. Special attention is paid to unconventional and/or sustainable processes.

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13

Gottlieb, Hugo E., Grazyna Graczyk-Millbrandt, Graham G. A. Inglis, Abraham Nudelman, David Perez, Yanqiu Qian, Leanna E. Shuster, Helen F. Sneddon, and Richard J. Upton. "Development of GSK's NMR guides – a tool to encourage the use of more sustainable solvents." Green Chemistry 18, no. 13 (2016): 3867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00446f.

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14

Pestana, Samuel C., João N. Machado, R. Domingos Pinto, Bernardo D. Ribeiro, and Isabel M. Marrucho. "Natural eutectic solvents for sustainable recycling of poly(ethyleneterephthalate): closing the circle." Green Chemistry 23, no. 23 (2021): 9460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02403e.

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Aiming at providing a new solution for processing and recycling PET, the full solubilization of PET from water bottles in natural eutectic solvents was achieved as well as its full recovery, retaining PET properties and recycling the eutectic solvent.

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15

Shin, Hosop, Sajibul Alam Bhuyan, Mazedur Rahman, and Mahmudul Hoq. "Ultrasound-Assisted Recovery of Cathode Active Materials Using Green Solvents: A Comparative Study." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 55 (August 9, 2024): 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01552954mtgabs.

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The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in various applications has led to an increasing demand for efficient and environmentally sustainable recycling processes. This necessity stems from the broader goal of establishing a sustainable and circular economy for LIBs while simultaneously addressing the challenges within the supply chain. One of the primary challenges in LIB recycling lies in the retrieval of valuable materials from end-of-life LIBs or electrode scraps in an environmentally benign manner. In particular, reclaiming the high purity of cathode active materials is a critical step to further development of direct recycling. The recovered materials need to be binder- and carbon black-free while retaining their inherent characteristics, including morphology, crystallinity, and electrochemical activity. Traditional methods for solvent-based cathode recovery involve energy-intensive processes and often employ hazardous solvents, leading to environmental concerns and safety issues. In response, recent studies have proposed several green solvents as environmentally friendly and economically viable alternatives for sustainable cathode recovery processes. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of various green solvents to assess their efficiency in recovering cathode materials from electrode scraps. We employ an ultrasound-assisted recovery process using different green solvents to compare the characteristics of the recovered cathode active materials in terms of morphology, purity, surface characteristics, and electrochemical performance. By evaluating the key challenges and advantages of each green solvent, we aim to provide valuable insights into the development of solvent-based cathode recovery.

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16

Kim, SuMin, HaiYen Nguyen Thi, Jieun Kang, JungSun Hwang, SeungHwan Kim, SungJoon Park, Jung-Hyun Lee, et al. "Sustainable fabrication of solvent resistant biodegradable cellulose membranes using green solvents." Chemical Engineering Journal 494 (August 2024): 153201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153201.

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Depuydt, Stef, and Bart Van der Bruggen. "Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review." Membranes 14, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14010023.

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Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable/green society. They are important components for applications such as water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, electrodialysis and fuel cells. Their synthesis, however, is far from being sustainable, affecting safety, health and the environment. This review discusses and evaluates the possibilities of synthesizing CEMs that are more sustainable and green. First, the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry are discussed. Subsequently, this review discusses the fabrication of conventional perfluorinated CEMs and how they violate the green/sustainability principles, eventually leading to environmental and health incidents. Furthermore, the synthesis of green CEMs is presented by dividing the synthesis into three parts: sulfonation, material selection and solvent selection. Innovations in using gaseous SO3 or gas–liquid interfacial plasma technology can make the sulfonation process more sustainable. Regarding the selection of polymers, chitosan, cellulose, polylactic acid, alginate, carrageenan and cellulose are promising alternatives to fossil fuel-based polymers. Finally, water is the most sustainable solvent and many biopolymers are soluble in it. For other polymers, there are a limited number of studies using green solvents. Promising solvents are found back in other membrane, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, Cyrene™, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean, TamiSolve NxG and γ-valerolactone.

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18

Usman, Muhammad, Shuo Cheng, Sasipa Boonyubol, and Jeffrey S. Cross. "Evaluating Green Solvents for Bio-Oil Extraction: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives." Energies 16, no. 15 (August 7, 2023): 5852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155852.

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The quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel feedstocks has led to the exploration of green solvents for the extraction of bio-oil from various biomass sources. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and future research outlooks for different categories of green extraction solvents, including bio-based solvents, water-based solvents, supercritical fluids, and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The background of each solvent category is discussed, highlighting their potential advantages and limitations. Challenges such as biomass feedstock sourcing, cost fluctuations, solvent properties variability, limited compatibility, solute solubility, high costs, and potential toxicity are identified and examined in detail. To overcome these challenges, future research should focus on alternative and abundant feedstock sources, the development of improved solubility and separation techniques, optimization of process parameters, cost-effective equipment design, standardization of DES compositions, and comprehensive toxicological studies. By addressing these challenges and advancing research in these areas, the potential of green extraction solvents can be further enhanced, promoting their widespread adoption and contributing to more sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes.

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19

Milescu, Roxana A., Thomas J. Farmer, James Sherwood, Con R. McElroy, and James H. Clark. "Cyrene™, a Sustainable Solution for Graffiti Paint Removal." Sustainable Chemistry 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem4020012.

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Graffiti can create detrimental aesthetic and environmental damage to city infrastructure and cultural heritage and requires improved removal methods. Incumbent laser, mechanical and chemical removal techniques are often not effective, are expensive or damage the substrate. Solvents are generally hazardous and not always effective because of the insolubility of the graffiti paint. This study proposes a simple strategy for safe and effective graffiti removal, using the bio-based, non-toxic and biodegradable solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene™). The results showed that the type of substrate influenced the cleaning performance; in benchmark studies a non-porous substrate was easy to clean, while porous ceramic showed the presence of residual paint and yellowing when the conventional polar aprotic solvents were used. Cyrene, however, showed good removability of graffiti paint from both glazed and porous substrates, with little paint remaining in the pores of ceramic tiles. The paint suffered a reversible change in colour and a selective solubility of its components when using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; no changes occurred when Cyrene was used. While N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N,N′-dimethylformamide were only effective when neat, a Cyrene–water mixture showed some cleaning results. The performance of Cyrene was validated with Hansen solubility parameters and represents a greener and more sustainable solvent for paint removal.

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Abbott, Andrew P., Robert C. Harris, Karl S. Ryder, Carmine D'Agostino, Lynn F. Gladden, and Mick D. Mantle. "Glycerol eutectics as sustainable solvent systems." Green Chem. 13, no. 1 (2011): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00395f.

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21

Kemeling, Guido M. "Editorial: Solvent Choices and Sustainable Chemistry." ChemSusChem 5, no. 12 (December 2012): 2291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201200873.

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Pinto, Sara M. A., César A. Henriques, Vanessa A. Tomé, Carolina S. Vinagreiro, Mário J. F. Calvete, Janusz M. Dąbrowski, Marta Piñeiro, Luis G. Arnaut, and Mariette M. Pereira. "Synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins using sustainable chemical processes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 20, no. 01n04 (January 2016): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424616300020.

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The easy access and low price of pyrrole and aldehydes, conjugated with the simplicity in preparing meso-substituted porphyrins, makes this type of porphyrins very attractive for a broad range of applications. However, there is an increasing demand for the development of new synthetic processes involving more sustainable chemical principles substituting, whenever possible, dangerous organic solvents by alternative solvents, chromatographic purifications by precipitations and energy-intensive procedures by alternative energy sources such as microwaves and ultrasounds. In this review we will address some recent strategies to synthesize meso-substituted porphyrins using alternative energy sources, reaction media and catalysts, namely microwave irradiation, water as solvent, or solid microporous acid catalysts.

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Shuai, Jianbo, and Xiaohui Wang. "Novel solvent systems for cellulose dissolution." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 2192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2192-2195.

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Cellulose, as the most abundant sustainable resource on earth, can be chemically transformed into a variety of biodegradable materials, which have been proposed as the ideal substitutes for plastic products. The first challenge for the fabrication of cellulose-based functional materials is the successful dissolution of cellulose by solvents. However, most existing cellulose solvents have environmental, economic, and other drawbacks that limit their further industrial applications. Research on developing novel solvent systems with “greener” and “cheaper” properties is needed to meet the challenges.

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El Deeb, Sami, Khalid Abdelsamad, and Maria Kristina Parr. "Greener and Whiter Analytical Chemistry Using Cyrene as a More Sustainable and Eco-Friendlier Mobile Phase Constituent in Chromatography." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16101488.

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Cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone) was evaluated for the first time as a potential sustainable mobile phase solvent in reversed-phase chromatography. As a benign biodegradable solvent, Cyrene is an attractive replacement to classical non-green organic chromatographic solvents such as acetonitrile and a modifier, co-eluent to known green solvents such as ethanol. Compared to ethanol, Cyrene is less toxic, non-flammable, biobased, biodegradable, and a cheaper solvent. A fire safety spider chart was generated to compare the properties of Cyrene to ethanol and show its superiority as a greener solvent. Cyrene’s behavior, advantages, and drawbacks in reversed-phase chromatography, including the cut-off value of 350 nm, elution power, selectivity, and effect on the column, were investigated using a model drug mixture of moxifloxacin and metronidazole. A monolithic C18 (100 × 4.6 mm) column was used as a stationary phase. Different ratios of Cyrene: ethanol with an aqueous portion of sodium acetate buffer mobile phases were tested. A mobile phase consisting of Cyrene: ethanol: 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer pH 4.25 (8:13:79, v/v/v) was selected as the most suitable mobile phase system for separating and simultaneously determining metronidazole and moxifloxacin. The greenness and whiteness of the method were evaluated using the qualitative green assessment tool AGREE and the white analytical chemistry assessment tool RGB12. Further potentials of Cyrene as a solvent or modifier in normal phase chromatography, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and supercritical fluid chromatography are discussed.

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Jokić, Stela, Silvija Šafranko, Martina Jakovljević, Ana-Marija Cikoš, Nikolina Kajić, Filip Kolarević, Jurislav Babić, and Maja Molnar. "Sustainable Green Procedure for Extraction of Hesperidin from Selected Croatian Mandarin Peels." Processes 7, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7070469.

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The peels of Citrus reticulata Blanco mandarin cultivars of different Croatian varieties (Zorica rana, Chahara, Okitsu, Kuno) were extracted using 15 different choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at 50 °C for 30 min and with 20% water addition. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) to determine the most suitable DES for the extraction of hesperidin in the samples. The screening results indicated that choline chloride: acetamide (1:2) provided the most efficient hesperidin extraction (112.14 mg/g of plant), while choline chloride:citric acid (1:1) solvent showed the lowest hesperidin yield (1.44 mg/g of plant). The Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction parameters for each variety of mandarin peel, including extraction time, temperature and water content on hesperidin extraction. The results indicated that hesperidin content in mandarin peels was completely variety-dependent. Being a novel and efficient green media for hesperidin extraction, deep eutectic solvents could also serve as promising solvent systems for the production of extracts rich in bioactive compounds.

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Dwamena, Amos K. "Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction." Separations 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6010009.

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In the over 1,800 articles published since their inception in 2001, most deep eutectic solvents (DES) synthesized have been hydrophilic. The low cost, low toxicity, and bioavailability of DES make the solvent ‘green’ and sustainable for diverse applications. Conversely, the hydrophilicity of DES limits their practical application to only polar compounds, which is a major drawback of the solvent. For the past three years, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) have emerged as an alternative extractive media capable of extracting non-polar organic and inorganic molecules from aqueous environments. Due to the infancy of HDES, for the first time, this mini-review summarizes the recent developmental advances in HDES synthesis, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of the solvent. In the future, it is believed HDES will replace the majority of toxic organic solvents used for analytical purposes.

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Rapinel, Vincent, Ombéline Claux, Maryline Abert-Vian, Christine McAlinden, Mickael Bartier, Norbert Patouillard, Laurence Jacques, and Farid Chemat. "2-Methyloxolane (2-MeOx) as Sustainable Lipophilic Solvent to Substitute Hexane for Green Extraction of Natural Products. Properties, Applications, and Perspectives." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153417.

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This review presents a complete picture of current knowledge on 2-methyloxolane (2-MeOx), a bio-based solvent for the extraction of natural products and food ingredients. It provides the necessary background about the properties of 2-MeOx, not only its solvent power and extraction efficiency, but its detailed toxicological profile and environmental impacts are discussed. We compared 2-MeOx with hexane which is the most used petroleum-based solvent for extraction of lipophilic natural products. The final part focuses on successful industrial transfer, including technologic, economic, and safety impacts. The replacement of petroleum-based solvents is a hot research topic, which affects several fields of modern plant-based chemistry. All the reported applications have shown that 2-MeOx is an environmentally and economically viable alternative to conventional petroleum-based solvents for extraction of lipophilic foodstuff and natural products.

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28

Turco, Rosa, and Martino Di Serio. "Sustainable Synthesis of Epoxidized Cynara C. Seed Oil." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070721.

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The use of non-edible vegetable oils to produce oleochemicals has been attracting more attention in recent years. Cardoon seed oil, derived from the Cynara C. plant, growing in marginal and contaminated lands, represents a non-edible alternative to soybean oil to obtain plasticizers through epoxidation reaction. The use of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst allows overcoming the limits of epoxidation with peracids. γ-alumina has been shown to have an active catalyst epoxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide, mainly using acetonitrile as solvent. However, the use of acetonitrile as solvent is widely debated due to its hazardous character and health issues. For these reasons, the influence of solvent on the reaction was studied in this work to find a more environmentally friendly and stable solvent. The study showed that the epoxidation reaction takes place also in the absence of solvent although with lower selectivity. The type of solvent influences both the epoxidation and decomposition reactions of hydrogen peroxide. γ-valerolactone was found to be the most promising solvent for cardoon oil epoxidation reaction. This finding represents a noteworthy novelty in the field of epoxidation of vegetable oils with hydrogen peroxide, opening the way to greener and cleaner process. Finally, an optimization study showed that the most effective molar ratio between hydrogen peroxide and double bonds for better selectivity was 4.5 and the need to use the highest possible initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide (approximately 60 wt. %).

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29

Jhanji, Ishank. "The Role of Ionic Liquids in Green Solvent Chemistry: Properties and Applications." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 4 (November 2023): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55083/irjeas.2023.v11i04009.

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Ionic liquids have gained significant attention in recent years as environmentally friendly and versatile solvents. This research paper delves into the properties and applications of ionic liquids in the context of green solvent chemistry. We explore the unique characteristics of these solvents, including their low vapor pressure, wide liquids range, and tunable properties, which make them an attractive choice for various applications. The paper also highlights the environmental advantages of ionic liquids, such as their negligible volatility, non-toxic nature, and recyclability, all contributing to their role in sustainable chemistry practices. Furthermore, we discuss their diverse applications, ranging from catalysis and extraction to energy storage and materials synthesis. Through an in-depth analysis of recent developments and case studies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how ionic liquids are shaping the landscape of green solvent chemistry and contributing to a more sustainable future.

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30

Moldes, David, Elena M. Rojo, Silvia Bolado, Pedro A. García-Encina, and Bibiana Comesaña-Gándara. "Biodegradable Solvents: A Promising Tool to Recover Proteins from Microalgae." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052391.

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The world will face a significant protein demand in the next few decades, and due to the environmental concerns linked to animal protein, new sustainable protein sources must be found. In this regard, microalgae stand as an outstanding high-quality protein source. However, different steps are needed to separate the proteins from the microalgae biomass and other biocompounds. The protein recovery from the disrupted biomass is usually the bottleneck of the process, and it typically employs organic solvents or harsh conditions, which are both detrimental to protein stability and planet health. Different techniques and methods are applied for protein recovery from various matrices, such as precipitation, filtration, chromatography, electrophoresis, and solvent extraction. Those methods will be reviewed in this work, discussing their advantages, drawbacks, and applicability to the microalgae biorefinery process. Special attention will be paid to solvent extraction performed with ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which stand as promising solvents to perform efficient protein separations with reduced environmental costs compared to classical alternatives. Finally, several solvent recovery options will be analyzed to reuse the solvent employed and isolate the proteins from the solvent phase.

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31

Khuwaja, Gulrana. "Developments in the Green Synthesis of Medicinal Nanoparticles: From Benign Solvents to Bio-assisted Sources." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 15, no. 02 (June 25, 2024): 979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.15.2.67.

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This review explores the advancements in green synthesis methodologies, focusing on the utilization of bio-assisted sources and benign solvents for the production of pharmaceutical nanoparticles. We discuss the significance of solvent systems in synthesis processes and highlight water as an ideal and accessible solvent. Various examples of nanoparticle synthesis in aqueous media are presented, including gold and silver nanoparticles produced via the emerging field of “green” synthesis, which encompasses routes utilizing water as a solvent system and natural sources/extracts as primary components. Notably, ionic liquids are discussed as promising solvents for nanoparticle synthesis, offering unique advantages such as tunable properties and broad temperature ranges. Furthermore, the potential of supercritical fluids, particularly carbon dioxide and water, as solvent systems for nanoparticle synthesis is explored. Nanoparticles have numerous uses in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. We hope to shed light on environmentally acceptable and sustainable methods for synthesizing nanoparticles with this thorough review

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32

Pollet, Pamela, Evan A. Davey, Esteban E. Ureña-Benavides, Charles A. Eckert, and Charles L. Liotta. "Solvents for sustainable chemical processes." Green Chem. 16, no. 3 (2014): 1034–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc42302f.

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33

Sangon, Suwiwat, Nontipa Supanchaiyamat, James Sherwood, Con R. McElroy, and Andrew J. Hunt. "Direct comparison of safer or sustainable alternative dipolar aprotic solvents for use in carbon–carbon bond formation." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 9 (2020): 1798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0re00174k.

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Direct comparison of safer dipolar aprotic solvents for use in carbon–carbon bond formation is of vital importance for industrial applications. Cyrene exhibited high initial reaction rates, yields and solvent recovery in the Baylis–Hillman reaction.

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34

Ramírez-Wong, D. G., M. Ramírez-Cardona, R. J. Sánchez-Leija, A. Rugerio, R. A. Mauricio-Sánchez, M. A. Hernández-Landaverde, A. Carranza, et al. "Sustainable-solvent-induced polymorphism in chitin films." Green Chemistry 18, no. 15 (2016): 4303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00628k.

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35

Zhang, Beibei, Chunhai Yi, Dongyun Wu, Jie Qiao, and Lihua Zhang. "A High-Permeance Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Membrane via Polymerization of Ether Oxide-Based Polymeric Chains for Sustainable Dye Separation." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043446.

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The widely used dyes in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and medical industries have brought about an intensive concern for the sustainable development of the environment. Membrane separation offers a versatile method for classified recycling and the reuse of residual components. In this work, polyimide membranes were synthesized via the polymerization of 4,4′-(hexafluor-isopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride and 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene diamine. The organic solvent nanofiltration membrane was prepared by casting onto a glass plate and precipitating in the non-solvent phase. The properties of the membranes were recorded by FTIR, 1HNMR, TGA, and GPC. The molecular simulations were carried out to analyze the affinity between the membrane and different solvents. The membrane was used in the removal of Rose Bengal, methyl blue, Victoria blue B, and crystal violet from methanol. The effects of the feed liquid concentration, operating pressure, swelling degree, organic solvent resistance, and long-term running on the membrane performance were studied. Results showed that membranes prepared in this work demonstrated high solvent permeation and dye rejection due to the sieving effect and solvent affinity. For methyl blue, the solvent performance achieved a permeability of 2.18 L∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1 corresponding to a rejection ratio of 94.2%. Furthermore, the membrane exhibited good stability over 60 h of continued testing. These results recommend a potential strategy in the development of a suitable monomer to prepare a polyimide membrane for dye separation.

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36

Cheng, Jiajie, Zhenjun Fan, and Jingjing Dong. "Research Progress of Green Solvent in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 13, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13060991.

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In optoelectronic applications, all-Brominated inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 solar cells have received a great deal of attention because of their remarkable stability and simplicity of production. Most of the solvents used in CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells are toxic, which primarily hinders the commercialization of the products. In this review, we introduce the crystal structure and fundamental properties of CsPbBr3 materials and the device structure of perovskite cells, summarize the research progress of green solvents for CsPbBr3 PSCs in recent years from mono-green solvent systems to all-green solvent systems, and discuss the approaches to improving the PCE of CsPbBr3 PSCs, intending to facilitate the sustainable development of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells. Finally, we survey the future of green solvents in the area of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells.

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37

De Brabander, Pieter, Evelien Uitterhaegen, Ellen Verhoeven, Cedric Vander Cruyssen, Karel De Winter, and Wim Soetaert. "In Situ Product Recovery of Bio-Based Industrial Platform Chemicals: A Guideline to Solvent Selection." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010026.

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In situ product recovery (ISPR), in the form of an extractive fermentation process, can increase productivity and product titers in the sustainable production of platform chemicals. To establish a guideline for the development of industrially relevant production processes for such bio-based compounds, a wide screening was performed, mapping the potential of an extensive range of solvents and solvent mixtures. Besides solvent biocompatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribution coefficients of three organic acids (protocatechuic acid, adipic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid) and four fragrance compounds (2-phenylethanol, geraniol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and β-ionone) were determined. While for highly hydrophobic fragrance compounds, multiple pure solvents were identified that were able to extract more than 98%, reactive extraction mixtures were proven effective for more challenging compounds including organic acids and hydrophilic alcohols. For example, a reactive mixture consisting of 12.5% of the extractant CYTOP 503 in canola oil was found to be biocompatible and showed superior extraction efficiency for the challenging compounds as compared to any biocompatible single solvent. This mapping of biocompatible solvents and solvent mixtures for the extraction of various classes of industrial platform chemicals can be a tremendous step forward in the development of extractive fermentations.

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38

Campos and Berteina-Raboin. "Eucalyptol as a Bio-Based Solvent for Buchwald-Hartwig Reaction on O,S,N-Heterocycles." Catalysts 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100840.

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We report here the use of eucalyptol as a bio-based solvent for the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction on O,S,N-heterocycles. These heterocycles containing oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen were chosen as targets or as starting materials. Once again, eucalyptol demonstrated to be a possible sustainable alternative to common solvents.

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39

Stramarkou, Marina, Vasiliki Oikonomopoulou, Margarita Panagiotopoulou, Sofia Papadaki, and Magdalini Krokida. "Sustainable Valorisation of Peach and Apricot Waste Using Green Extraction Technique with Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvents." Resources 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12060072.

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Worldwide, fruit processing industries reject high volumes of fruit waste, which represent rich sources of phenolic compounds and can be valorised through extraction, and then be reused for food, nutraceutical or cosmetic applications. In the present work, the optimisation of the recovery of phenolic compounds from apricot kernels and pulp, as well as peach pulp, through the green method of ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) is performed. Prior to extraction, a drying step of the pulps is conducted using freeze, vacuum and hot air drying. Except for the conventional extraction solvents of water and ethanol:water, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed by choline chloride/urea, and a natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) from choline chloride with lactic acid, are used, something that presentsecological benefits. With the aim of discovering the optimum extraction conditions, different values of the parameters of extraction time, utrasonic power and solvent/dry solid ratio are examined, and a mathematical model is developed to correlate them to the extraction yield (EY). The phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity are determined through UV-Vis spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of the study demonstrated that the most effective solvent in the extraction of apricot kernels is ethanol: water; DES is more efficient in the extraction of apricot pulp and NaDES in the extraction of peach pulps, reaching EYs of 25.65, 26.83 and 17.13%, respectively. In conclusion, both types of fruit waste are proved to have a significant content of valuable compounds, and the use of DES in fruit by-product extraction is effective and seems to be a promising alternative. Thus, the unexploited amounts of waste can be valorised through simple techniques and innovative solvents.

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40

Marcoulaki, Effie, and Pantelis Baxevanidis. "Screening for New Efficient and Sustainable-by-Design Solvents to Assist the Extractive Fermentation of Glucose to Bioethanol Fuels." Separations 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9030060.

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The production of bioethanol fuels using extractive fermentation increases the efficiency of the bioconversion reaction by reducing the toxic product inhibition. The choice of appropriate solvents to remove the bioethanol product without inhibiting the fermentation is important to enable industrial scale application. This work applies computer-aided molecular design technologies to systematically screen a wide variety of candidate solvents to enhance the separation, also considering the microorganisms that perform the fermentation. The performance of the candidates was evaluated using a rigorous process simulator for extractive fermentation, assisted by functional group-contribution (QSPR/QSAR) models for the prediction of various solvent properties, including toxicity and life cycle impacts. The solvent designs generated through this approach can provide powerful insights on the kind of molecular structures and functionalities that satisfy the process objectives and constraints, as well the desired sustainability features.

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41

Chen, Yueyuan, Jiaoyang Dang, Xiaojie Yan, Fenglai Lu, and Dianpeng Li. "Optimization Studies on the Extraction of Flavone Di-C-glycosides from Premna fulva Craib by Deep Eutectic Solvents." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (May 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7240535.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as new extraction solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural plants. In this work, a total of thirteen choline chloride-based DESs were synthesized and evaluated for the simultaneous extraction of five bioactive flavone di-C-glycosides from Premna fulva Craib. DES-F, which was composed of choline chloride and 1,3-propanediol, showed the best extraction efficiency for the flavone di-C-glycosides, exceeding that of the conventional industrial solvent (40% ethanol). Subsequently, the extraction parameters for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (liquid-solid ratio, water content (%) in the selected DES, and extraction time) were optimized using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the microstructural alterations in the samples after extraction were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, we further verified the recovery of flavone di-C-glycosides from the DESs using macroporous resins and evaluated the reusability of the DESs as solvents. The results indicated that DES-F was an efficient and sustainable solvent for the extraction of bioactive flavone di-C-glycosides from Premna fulva Craib. Therefore, this novel strategy may represent a sustainable approach for the extraction of bioactive products and could make phytochemistry more attractive and environmentally friendly.

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42

Duval, Antoine, Francisco Vilaplana, Claudia Crestini, and Martin Lawoko. "Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin." Holzforschung 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0346.

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AbstractThe polydispersity of commercially available kraft lignins (KLs) is one of the factors limiting their applications in polymer-based materials. A prerequisite is thus to develop lignin fractionation strategies compatible with industrial requirements and restrictions. For this purpose, a solvent-based lignin fractionation technique has been addressed. The partial solubility of KL in common industrial solvents compliant with the requirements of sustainable chemistry was studied, and the results were discussed in relation to Hansen solubility parameters. Based on this screening, a solvent sequence is proposed, which is able to separate well-defined KL fractions with low polydispersity.

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43

Jung, Hyun Suk. "(Invited) Exploitation of Advanced Materials and Process for Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 13 (August 9, 2024): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01131084mtgabs.

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All solid-state solar cells based on organometal trihalide perovskite absorbers have already achieved distinguished power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 26.1% and further improvements are expected up to 27%. Now, the research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been moving toward commercialization. To facilitate commercialization of these great solar cells, some technical issues such as long-term stability, large scale fabrication process, Pb-related hazardous materials, and environmentally-burdened toxic solvent-based process need to be solved. This talk is dealing with our recent efforts to facilitate commercialization of perovskite solar cells. For examples, we introduce a recycling technology of perovskite solar cells, which covers the regeneration process of Pb contained perovskite layer as well as recycling process of Au electrodes and transparent conducting oxide glass [1, 2]. Also, novel strategies for recycling toxic solvents such as DFM, used in fabricating PSCs are introduced, which is critical to realize close loop recycling process of PSCs. Finally, recent studies for achieving high efficiency PSC using ecofriendly solvent are demonstrated.

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44

K. Hemalatha and D. Ilangeswaran. "AN ECO-FRIENDLY PREPARATION OF 2,6- DIARYLPIPERIDIN-4-ONES USING A GLUCOSE-CHOLINE CHLORIDE DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 02 (2022): 842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1526321.

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Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) made with Glucose & Choline Chloride is an environmentally safe and sustainable technique for 2,6-diaryl piperidine-4-ones preparation. Starting with benzaldehyde, 2 or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, the preparation was carried out in ammonia using different ketones such as 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-propanone, 2- butanone. Under an atom-efficient method, all of the derivatives (a–f) were synthesized in good to outstanding yields. FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and GC-MS spectral methods were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. Choline chloride-glucose DES as a solvent has benefits over volatile organic solvents commonly utilized in similar processes.

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45

Gredmaier, Ludwig, Sabine Grüner-Lempart, Julian Eckert, Rainer Joachim, and Peter Funke. "Gas-to-aqueous Phase Transfer for Three Paint Solvents Injected into an Abiotic, Industrial Biotrickling Filter Measured with a Flame Ionization Detector." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.18131.

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This is a knowledge contribution to the unsatisfactory biodegradation problem, when biotrickling filters are purifying mixed paint solvents. A biotrickling filter manufacturer reported low biodegradation rates during the purification of a hydrocarbon pollutant mix from an industrial paint spraying floor. From a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis both hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents were found in the polluted air. It is known that biodegradation is retarded, if the pollutant does not transfer from gas to liquid into the biofilm and it was therefore suspected that hydrophobic pollutants do not sufficiently migrate into the water/biofilm. To test this hypothesis, pure, rather than mixed pollutants, were injected into the abiotic biotrickling filter. When hydrophobic paint solvent (xylene) was sprayed into the biotrickling filter, the solvent load at the outlet of the filter was almost as high as at the inlet. But when pure, hydrophilic paint solvent (PGME) was sprayed into the abiotic biotrickling filter, the solvent load measured at the outlet of the filter was zero, indicating complete dissolution into the circulation water. Carbon/solvent loads at the filter outlet and inlet were measured with a portable flame ionization detector instrument. The experiment confirms that the hydrophobic solvent does not migrate into the liquid phase. This poor mass transfer of hydrophobic solvents is likely to be the reason for the low biodegradation rate. The result is highly relevant to the paint spraying industry and manufacturers of exhaust gas treatment equipment alike, who spend millions in non-sustainable incineration of exhaust gases.

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Cañadas, Raquel, Blanca Sáenz de de Miera, Paloma Méndez, Emilio J. González, and María González-Miquel. "Enhanced Recovery of Natural Antioxidants from Grape Waste Using Natural Eutectic Solvents-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031153.

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The evaluation of sustainable solvents as alternatives to more harmful conventional solvents combined with intensification techniques to recover phenolic compounds from agri-food waste is in the spotlight. The wine industry generates large amounts of waste as a consequence of grape processing operations, which can be revalued by solvent extraction of valuable antioxidants for food and fine chemical applications. Therefore, the present study focuses on the use of natural eutectic solvents (NAESs) with benign environmental, health, and safety profiles, for valorization of grape waste in the context of a circular economy. Herein, up to 15 NAESs consisting of combinations of three hydrogen bond acceptors (choline chloride, L-proline, and betaine) and four hydrogen bond donors (1,2-propanediol, glycerol, and 1,2- and 1,3-butanediol) were evaluated for antioxidant recovery. After an initial screening of the performance of NAESs by conventional extraction, the process was intensified by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The extracts were analyzed by UV/VIS spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Promising results were obtained with the solvent betaine, 1,2-butanediol [1:4], using MAE at 100 °C for 3 min. Overall, the proposed NAESs-based MAE method was successfully applied to recover target compounds from grape waste, with great prospects for the antioxidants market and sustainable development for the winery sector.

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47

Tymczewska, Alicja, Julia Klebba, and Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak. "Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolic Content of Spice Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Deep Eutectic and Conventional Solvents." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2023): 6987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13126987.

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This study investigated the use of eco-friendly novel formulations of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with water in ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant compounds from six spices, comparing them to traditional ethanol-based solvents. Significant differences in antioxidant capacity (AC) determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, and total phenolic content (TPC) analysed using Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method were observed among the prepared extracts of spices. Regardless of the solvent used, clove extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant properties, whereas coriander presented the lowest values of AC and TPC. Choline chloride (ChCl)-based DES3 with propylene glycol (PG) as the hydrogen bond donor was more promising for effectively extracting antioxidants from the studied spices than ChCl-based DES1 and DES2 containing urea (U) and glycerol (Gly), respectively. Although DESs showed lower efficiency in this study, they represent a viable and environmentally sustainable approach for the extraction of bioactive compounds from spices. However, DES-based extracts can be recommended as potential sources of bioactive compounds and sustainable solvent systems for the plasticization and modification of active food packaging. This research offers valuable insights for the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and spice industries, particularly for future developments in sustainable extraction techniques and potential applications in eco-friendly solutions and health-related areas.

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48

Xu, Hao, Jie Zhu, Xiong Wang, Chao Shen, Shengshen Meng, Kai Zheng, Chao Lei, and Longfeng Zhu. "Sustainable Route for Synthesizing Aluminosilicate EU-1 Zeolite." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051462.

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Developing sustainable routes for the synthesis of zeolites is still a vital and challenging task in zeolite scientific community. One of the typical examples is sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite, which is not very efficient and environmental-unfriendly under hydrothermal condition due to the use of a large amount of water as solvent. Herein, we report a sustainable synthesis route for aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite without the use of solvent for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the obtained EU-1 zeolite are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), N2 sorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which show the product has high crystallinity, uniform morphology, large BET surface area, and four-coordinated aluminum species. Moreover, the impact of synthesis conditions is investigated in detail. The sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite under solvent-free

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49

Rubab, Laila, Ayesha Anum, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Ali Irfan, Sajjad Ahmad, Sami Ullah, Aamal A. Al-Mutairi, and Magdi E. A. Zaki. "Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis: Recent Update on Green Catalytic Approaches in Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111329.

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Green (sustainable) chemistry provides a framework for chemists, pharmacists, medicinal chemists and chemical engineers to design processes, protocols and synthetic methodologies to make their contribution to the broad spectrum of global sustainability. Green synthetic conditions, especially catalysis, are the pillar of green chemistry. Green chemistry principles help synthetic chemists overcome the problems of conventional synthesis, such as slow reaction rates, unhealthy solvents and catalysts and the long duration of reaction completion time, and envision solutions by developing environmentally benign catalysts, green solvents, use of microwave and ultrasonic radiations, solvent-free, grinding and chemo-mechanical approaches. 1,2,4-thiadiazole is a privileged structural motif that belongs to the class of nitrogen–sulfur-containing heterocycles with diverse medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. This comprehensive review systemizes types of green solvents, green catalysts, ideal green organic synthesis characteristics and the green synthetic approaches, such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound, ionic liquids, solvent-free, metal-free conditions, green solvents and heterogeneous catalysis to construct different 1,2,4-thiadiazoles scaffolds.

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Vees, Charlotte Anne, Christian Simon Neuendorf, and Stefan Pflügl. "Towards continuous industrial bioprocessing with solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia: challenges, progress and perspectives." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 47, no. 9-10 (September 7, 2020): 753–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-020-02296-2.

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Abstract The sustainable production of solvents from above ground carbon is highly desired. Several clostridia naturally produce solvents and use a variety of renewable and waste-derived substrates such as lignocellulosic biomass and gas mixtures containing H2/CO2 or CO. To enable economically viable production of solvents and biofuels such as ethanol and butanol, the high productivity of continuous bioprocesses is needed. While the first industrial-scale gas fermentation facility operates continuously, the acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is traditionally operated in batch mode. This review highlights the benefits of continuous bioprocessing for solvent production and underlines the progress made towards its establishment. Based on metabolic capabilities of solvent producing clostridia, we discuss recent advances in systems-level understanding and genome engineering. On the process side, we focus on innovative fermentation methods and integrated product recovery to overcome the limitations of the classical one-stage chemostat and give an overview of the current industrial bioproduction of solvents.

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