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1
Latterini, Francesco, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Paweł Horodecki, Walter Stefanoni, Rachele Venanzi, and Rodolfo Picchio. "The State of the Art of Forest Operations in Beech Stands of Europe and Western Asia." Forests 14, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Beech (Fagus spp.) is one of the most common tree species in Europe and Western Asia. The implementation of sustainable forest Operations (SFOs) in beech forests is therefore crucial in terms of sustainable forest management. This review summarises the state of the art concerning time-motion studies carried out in beech forests, defining the work productivity and the related costs of different harvesting systems applied in these stands. The main focus in recent years on felling and processing operations has been the introduction of fully mechanised systems in beech forests, obtaining satisfactory results in terms of work productivity. However, the working performance is still lower than in coniferous stands. Skidding and forwarding resulted in suitable techniques for ground-based extraction, both showing a clear inclination towards increasing working performance when applying higher levels of mechanisation. Aerial extraction by cable yarders is particularly important in beech forests, considering that these are often located in steep terrains. Further efforts should be dedicated to enhancing the training for operators to extend the application of aerial extraction systems, which ensures good levels of work productivity and limited soil disturbances. In summary, this review aimed to give a clear insight into forest operations in beech forests which could be useful for forest managers, forest engineers and researchers in the sector of sustainable forest operations.
2
Alcalde, Ana Sofía, Natalia Politi, Sandra Rodríguez-Artigas, José Antonio Corronca, and Luis Osvaldo Rivera. "Ground-dwelling spider families and forest structure variables for monitoring ecologically sustainable logging operations." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryApproximately 80% of neotropical forests are subject to unsustainable economic practices, such as logging. Spiders are a megadiverse taxonomic group with a particularly great diversity in forest ecosystems and could help indicate the sustainability of logging operations. At six sites at 400–700 m altitude in the piedmont forest of north-western Argentina, spiders collected using pitfall traps and forest structure and spider assemblage structure variables were quantified in order to examine the association between them and to identify indicator spider families. Logging changes forest structure and seems to generate an unsuitable habitat for spiders associated with mature forests. The family taxonomic level is a good surrogate for spider morphospecies. The Mysmenidae, Nemesiidae, Theridiidae, Pholcidae, Hahniidae and Tetragnathidae families were associated with upper canopy cover of 20% or more and with more than two dead fallen trees per 0.1 ha and >15 live trees per 0.1 ha, found in unlogged forests. Bearing in mind that the piedmont forest of north-western Argentina is being logged in the absence of sustainability criteria, we suggest including spiders in monitoring schemes to complement the information obtained from more readily used groups, such as charismatic vertebrates.
3
Rawlinson, Eric. "CSA sustainable forest management systems: Getting ready." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72261-3.
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The changes being contemplated by many forestry companies in a rapidly changing forestry environment include the proposed Canadian Standards Association Sustainable Forest Management System. During the past year several companies have begun the process of complying with the draft standards by initiating a review of their operations with the intent of identifying gaps in their operations relative to the CSA criteria. The following article identifies some of the key areas where companies will need to develop strategies to bridge those gaps. Key words: sustainable forestry, Canadian forest management standards, forest certification
4
Latterini, Francesco, Walter Stefanoni, Rachele Venanzi, Damiano Tocci, and Rodolfo Picchio. "GIS-AHP Approach in Forest Logging Planning to Apply Sustainable Forest Operations." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study represents the first attempt of integration, within a Forest Management Plan (FMP), of a Geographic Information System (GIS) and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach for the selection of the most suitable logging method. It is important to underline that the developed methodology is applicable worldwide in each environmental context in which there is a need for planning the intervention and selecting from among several possible logging methods or harvesting systems. Schematically, the main aims of this study were: (i) to develop a GIS-AHP method based on open-access GIS software; (ii) to compare the results of the simulations developed from the statements of two different groups of experts from around the world, to determine the reliability of the predictive probability of the method. The selection of the extraction methods performed with RTS (experts from research and technical sector) input data showed that the most suitable option in the major part of the study area was the cable skidder, followed by the cable yarder, and finally the forwarder. The extraction system selection performed with OS (people from the operative sector) input data revealed limited differences. Thus, considering what was reported above, it is possible to assert that the applied GIS-AHP methodology showed good performance and high consistency in the selection of the best alternatives among different extraction methods. The idea of comparing the results obtained from a survey based on a pool of researchers and forest engineers (RTS) was taken as a target simulation to be evaluated. The method based on data derived from a pool of expert forest operators (OS) was used to check for the results of the other simulation. This is an innovation in these kinds of studies. The results from the consistency check were encouraging, considering that for 51 sub-compartments, only two changed the selected extraction system between RTS and OS.
5
Burgess, Darwin. "Forests of the Menominee — a commitment to sustainable forestry." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72268-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Menominee Tribal Enterprises (MTE Ltd., Keshena, WI) forest products were certified as sustainably managed in 1992 in recognition of their past performance and commitment to sustained-yield, community based forestry. Their forestry operations are planned and coordinated at the Menominee Forestry Center and represent the cooperative efforts of three agencies: (1) Menominee Tribal Enterprises, (2) Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and (3) the Bureau of Indian Affairs. After 140 years of harvesting, about 63% of the productive forest land (55,850 ha) within the Menominee reservation is thought to be fully stocked today and includes many impressive stands of large white pine, sugar maple and red oak. In October 1995, Menominee foresters organized a tour of the Reservation forests and explained their forest management practices. In this paper, some highlights of what was observed and learned during the tour are described, including the Menominee's approach to forest management and their main forest management activities. Key words: Menominee, partial cutting, forest sustainability, forest certification
6
Sohrabi, Hadi, Meghdad Jourgholami, Mohammad Jafari, Naghi Shabanian, Rachele Venanzi, Farzam Tavankar, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Soil Recovery Assessment after Timber Harvesting Based on the Sustainable Forest Operation (SFO) Perspective in Iranian Temperate Forests." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Minimizing the impact of timber harvesting on forest stands and soils is one of the main goals of sustainable forest operation (SFO). Thus, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of forest operations on soil that is based on the SFO perspective. The present study was conducted according to SFO principles to investigate the time required for the natural recovery of soil after disturbance by skidding operations in some Iranian forests. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil found in abandoned skid trails from different time periods were compared with undisturbed forest soils. The soil bulk density, the penetration resistance, and the microporosity of a 25-year-old skid trail were 8.4–27.4% and 50.4% greater, and the total porosity, macroporosity, and soil moisture were 1.9–17.1% and 4.6% lower than the undisturbed area. In a 25-year-old skid trail, the values of pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), C, N, available P, K, Ca, and Mg, earthworm density, and biomass were lower than in the undisturbed area, and the C/N ratio value was higher than in the undisturbed area. High traffic intensity and slope classes of 20–30% in a three-year-old skid trail had the greatest impact on soil properties. In order to have sustainable timber production, SFO should be developed and soil recovery time should be reduced through post-harvest management operation.
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Pezdevšek Malovrh, Špela, Dženan Bećirović, Bruno Marić, Jelena Nedeljković, Stjepan Posavec, Nenad Petrović, and Mersudin Avdibegović. "Contribution of Forest Stewardship Council Certification to Sustainable Forest Management of State Forests in Selected Southeast European Countries." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080648.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, the concept of forest certification under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has been widely adopted in selected Southeast European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia). As sustainability is traditionally recognised as a leading principle in the forest management doctrine in these countries, the aim of this study was to understand whether, and how, FSC forest certification contributes to the sustainable management of state forests. The research was carried out in two phases. First, in order to assess forest management compliance with FSC standard, non-conformities for the period 2014–2018, identified in audit Public Summary Reports, were analysed in all public companies that managed state-owned forests in selected countries. Further, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the professionals responsible for forest certification in these companies were conducted (n = 11) to determine the contribution of forest certification to the economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. In total, 185 non-conformities were analysed. The results showed that FSC certification was successful in addressing certain problems in forest management practices and contributed to sustainable forest management, mainly covering social and ecological issues. The most frequently identified non-conformities were those related to FSC Principle 4 Community relations and worker’s rights (32.3% of all non-conformities) and Principle 6 Environmental impact (30.4% of all non-conformities). The contribution of FSC certification to sustainable forest management is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Worker’s rights; health and safety of employees; availability of appropriate personal protective equipment; consultation with local people and interest groups; awareness of environmental impacts of forestry operations; waste disposal and storage of fuel; improving the image of forest companies and maintenance of high-conservation-value forests. The majority of non-conformities were minor and required procedural changes to be closed. Moreover, there are no statistically significant differences between the countries with regard to the number of non-conformities for all principles. It can be concluded that FSC certification, as a market-driven mechanism, plays an important role by influencing forest management practices and business operations of public forest companies in a positive manner.
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Zarin-Nejadan, Milad. "La forêt suisse entre approvisionnement en bois et multifonctionnalité (essai)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 170, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2019.0202.
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The Swiss forest between wood supply and multifunctionality (essay) Swiss forestry operations have been in deficit for decades. Timber prices fall while production costs rise. At the same time, demand for non-market forest services continues to increase. The challenge is to ensure a sustainable timber supply from Swiss forests in the future, while taking into account the multifunctionality of the forest. According to the results of a Swiss national science foundation research project on this issue, non-market forest services are highly valued by the population. The study also identified significant potential for improving the performance of forest operations, in particular by achieving economies of scale. In addition, the exploitation and maintenance of the forest has positive externalities, which justifies the payment of targeted public subsidies to the forest sector.
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Fouqueray, Timothée, Lucile Génin, Michel Trommetter, and Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste. "Efficient, Sustainable, and Multifunctional Carbon Offsetting to Boost Forest Management: A Comparative Case Study." Forests 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research highlights: Funding forest management with subsidies from carbon offsetters is a well-documented mechanism in tropical regions. This article provides complementary insights into the use of voluntary offset contracts in temperate forests. Background and objectives: The mitigation of greenhouse emissions has become a major global issue, leading to changes in forest management to increase the capacity of forests to store carbon. This can lead to conflicts of use with other forest ecosystem services such as timber production or biodiversity conservation. Our main goal is to describe collective actions to fund carbon-oriented forestry with subsidies from carbon offsetters and to analyze how their governance and functioning prevent conflicts pertaining to multi-functionality. Materials and methods: We assembled an interdisciplinary research team comprising two ecologists, a social scientist, and an economist. Drawing on a conceptual framework of ecosystem services, social interdependencies, and collective action, we based our qualitative analysis on semi-structured interviews from two French case studies. Results: Carbon-oriented intermediary forest organizations offer offset contracts to private firms and public bodies. Communication is geared toward the mitigation outcomes of the contracts as well as their beneficial side effects in providing the ecosystem services of interest to the offsetters. Subsidies then act as a financial lever to fund carbon-oriented forestry operations. Scientific committees and reporting methodologies serve as environmental, social, and economic safeguards. Conclusions: These new intermediary forest organizations use efficient forest operations and evaluation methodologies to improve forest carbon storage. Their main innovation lies in their collective governance rooted in regional forest social-ecological systems. Their consideration of multi-functionality and socioeconomic issues can be seen as an obstacle to rapid development, but they ensure sustainability and avoid conflicts between producers and beneficiaries of forest ecosystem services. Attention must be paid to interactions with broader spatial and temporal carbon policies.
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Ranta, Tapio, Antti Karhunen, and Mika Laihanen. "Sustainability of Forest-Based Bioenergy—A Case Study of Students Surveyed at a University in Finland." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145667.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing use of forest biomass, concerns about negative impacts have been raised in the debate. The aim of this study was to find out the attitude of university students towards the energy use of forest-based biomass and how different areas of sustainable forest operations were addressed. The survey was conducted over two years (2018–2019) with both full-time students at university and distance learning students who study alongside their work. Background information such as gender, nationality and field of study was collected from students. Most of the students currently considered the energy use of forest biomass to be sustainable. Many replies stressed that the situation could change if the use of forests is increased from the present circumstances. The main factors mentioned that led to forest-based bioenergy being sustainable were positive felling balance, compliance with forest certification, use of waste fractions and implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) directive, while the loss of biodiversity, over-exploitation of forests, C debt and the cascading principle were factors that led to forest-based bioenergy being unsustainable. Student background variables had no effect on responses except for the field of study.
11
Ghebremichael, Asghedom. "Exploring causal linkages between sustainable forest ecosystem management and technological progress in Canadian logging industries." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 1419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Logging poses socioeconomic, ecological, and environmental dilemmas. On the one hand, it plays a significant role in sustaining the forest sector’s contributions to the national economy. On the other hand, however, logging operations are major causes of ecological and environmental damages. It was hypothesized that if timely investments in various silvicultural operations were made to restore ecological integrity disturbed by logging operation, if the guiding principles of sustainable forest ecosystem management were strictly upheld, and if public and private investments in research and development were made, with a view to realize technological progress in the forest sector, then logging operations would be technically and economically efficient, firms in each regional industry would have comparative cost advantages in the marketplace, and the adverse effects of logging operations on ecological integrity would be socially, economically, and environmentally tolerable, all reflected through total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Two complementary methodologies were applied to test this hypothesis. First, the guiding principles of sustainable forest ecosystem management were synthesized to establish the conditions and the principles that logging firms must uphold to be stewards of ecological integrity. Second, TFP growth was measured and analyzed, using a nonparametric model. Sluggish but upward trends in TFP growth appeared to validate the hypothesis. Implications of the study for policy making and the benefits that society derives from TFP growth are highlighted.
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Goparaju, Laxmi, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, and Firoz Ahmad. "Geospatial technology perspectives for mining vis-a-vis sustainable forest ecosystems." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0020.
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Abstract Forests, the backbone of biogeochemical cycles and life supporting systems, are under severe pressure due to varied anthropogenic activities. Mining activities are one among the major reasons for forest destruction questioning the survivability and sustainability of flora and fauna existing in that area. Thus, monitoring and managing the impact of mining activities on natural resources at regular intervals is necessary to check the status of their depleted conditions, and to take up restoration and conservative measurements. Geospatial technology provides means to identify the impact of different mining operations on forest ecosystems and helps in proposing initiatives for safeguarding the forest environment. In this context, the present study highlights the problems related to mining in forest ecosystems and elucidates how geospatial technology can be employed at various stages of mining activities to achieve a sustainable forest ecosystem. The study collates information from various sources and highlights the role of geospatial technology in mining industries and reclamation process.
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Annen, Beat. "Urner Wald – Grundlage für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0220.
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The forests of the canton of Uri: the foundation of sustainable development (essay) The canton of Uri is characterised by extreme topography: steep slopes and narrow valleys. Limited space is a major challenge for the development of the canton. Prudent management of this mountainous area is necessary to ensure a safe and attractive environment. In this situation, the forest, or to be more precise, the management of the forest, plays a key role. Most of the forest area is classified as protection forest, which is an essential condition to guarantee safety. The overriding management objective for the protective forest is sustainability. The existence of the forest in all its forms is the necessary condition also for biodiversity and landscape beauty. There is strong demand for land on the valley floor, where the main challenge is to protect the few remaining forest areas. Elsewhere however, the forest is expanding and measures must be taken to stop it taking over completely. Forest operations have consequences beyond the forest borders. For these reasons, sustainable management of the forest resource is the foundation of sustainable development of the mountainous canton of Uri.
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Kijazi, Martin Herbert, and Shashi Kant. "Conformance of Ontario's forest management planning with criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79652-3.
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Prescriptions of the Forest Management Planning Manual (FMPM) for Ontario's Crown forests are examined for conformance with the elements of the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM) Criteria and Indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management (SFM). The examination identifies gaps and highlights forest management planning aspects that require gap–bridging interventions at the forest management unit (FMU) level. The three levels (parts) of the FMPM—Management Planning, Annual Operations, and Reporting & Monitoring—are examined. Gaps are categorized in three groups—major, intermediate, and minor gaps. Major gaps are recorded for five out of 22 elements of the CCFM C&I framework, and these gaps indicate inadequate prescriptions for the corresponding elements at all the three levels. Minor gaps are also recorded for five elements, and these gaps indicate inadequate prescriptions at the monitoring level. Intermediate gaps are recorded for 11 elements, and depending on the specific element and indicator, inadequacy of prescriptions may only be for operations, reporting and monitoring, or may also include the planning level. The main findings of the gap analysis are that none of the six criteria of SFM has been fully incorporated in the FMPM; Part C (Reporting and Monitoring) has the highest degree and Part A (Plan Contents) has the lowest degree of non–conformity with respect to CCFM C&I framework; at the criterion–level the Global Ecological Cycles has major gaps while three criteria—Soil and Water Conservation, Multiple Benefits, and Society' Responsibility—have intermediate gaps; and the changes in the FMPM have been incremental while the shift in the concept of forest management from Sustained Yield Timber Management to SFM was a drastic change. Key words: biological diversity, Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, criteria and indicators, ecological cycles, forest management, multiple benefits, society's responsibility
15
Kneeshaw, Daniel D., Alain Leduc, Christian Messier, Pierre Drapeau, Sylvie Gauthier, David Paré, Richard Carignan, René Doucet, and Luc Bouthillier. "Development of integrated ecological standards of sustainable forest management at an operational scale." Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76481-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within Canada, and internationally, an increasing demand that forests be managed to maintain all resources has led to the development of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management. There is, however, a lack of understanding, at an operational scale, how to evaluate and compare forest management activities to ensure the sustainability of all resources. For example, nationally, many of the existing indicators are too broad to be used directly at a local scale of forest management; provincially, regulations are often too prescriptive and rigid to allow for adaptive management; and forest certification programs, often based largely on public or stakeholder opinion instead of scientific understanding, may be too local in nature to permit a comparison of operations across a biome. At an operational scale indicators must be relevant to forest activities and ecologically integrated. In order to aid decision-makers in the adaptive management necessary for sustainable forest management, two types of indicators are identified: those that are prescriptive to aid in planning forest management and those that are evaluative to be used in monitoring and suggesting improvements. An integrated approach to developing standards based on an ecosystem management paradigm is outlined for the boreal forest where the variability inherent in natural systems is used to define the limits within which forest management is ecologically sustainable. Sustainability thresholds are thus defined by ecosystem response after natural disturbances. For this exercise, standards are proposed for biodiversity, forest productivity via regeneration, soil conservation and aquatic resources. For each of these standards, planning indicators are developed for managing forest conditions while forest values are evaluated by environmental indicators, thus leading to a continuous cycle of improvement. Approaches to developing critical thresholds and corresponding prescriptions are also outlined. In all cases, the scale of evaluation is clearly related to the landscape (or FMU) level while the stand level is used for measurement purposes. In this view the forest should be managed as a whole even though forest interventions are usually undertaken at the stand level. Key words: sustainable forest management, criteria and indicators, biodiversity, regeneration, soil conservation, aquatic resources, landscape level evaluation, planning and monitoring
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Tavankar, Farzam, Rodolfo Picchio, Mehrdad Nikooy, Meghdad Jourgholami, Ramin Naghdi, Francesco Latterini, and Rachele Venanzi. "Soil Natural Recovery Process and Fagus orientalis Lipsky Seedling Growth after Timber Extraction by Wheeled Skidder." Land 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth and quality of natural seedlings are important goals of forest management in uneven-aged high stands. In this study, the recovery process of the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as growth variables of beech seedlings on the skid trails after skidding operations in three time periods (10, 20, and 30 years) were investigated in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Results revealed that the soil chemical properties (organic C, total N, and pH) were fully recovered after 20 years, while soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, and penetration resistance) were not yet fully recovered even after 30 years. The values of growth characteristics (stem and root system) and the quality index of beech seedlings were not statistically different from those of the control area ones after 20 years. According to our findings, the process of recovering soil characteristics after forest operations is long and takes more than 30 years. Considering the effect that soil compaction can have on seedling establishment and growth, proper planning of the forest operation is needed to limit the negative effects of forest operations, which meets the requirements of sustainable forest management. We suggest designing skid trails with a minimum distance of 140 m from each other and with a longitudinal slope of less than 15%, in compliance with the principles of best management practice (BMP).
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Milne, G. R. "Sustainable development and pest management in forestry—a Newfoundland case study." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67658-6.
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The spruce budworm outbreak in Newfoundland from 1971 to the early 1980's damaged 50.8 million m3, or nearly 30% of the Island region's softwood growing stock. Short and intermediate-term economic costs for timber salvage operations and lost stumpage revenues were $72.1 million (1989 dollars). The budworm damage has created a potential timber supply problem for the next few decades. Other longer-term effects include potential unemployment in the forest industry, reduced recreational values, and concerns about forest succession on some degraded sites. The Newfoundland experience with the budworm is a case study of problems arising from failing to manage forests according to the concept of sustainable development.
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Guo, Geng, Xiao Li, Xi Zhu, Yanyin Xu, Qiao Dai, Guangruo Zeng, and Jie Lin. "Effect of Forest Management Operations on Aggregate-Associated SOC Dynamics Using a 137Cs Tracing Method." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although forest conversions have long been a focus in carbon (C) research, the relationship between soil erosion and the dynamic change of soil organic carbon (SOC) has not been well-quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of converting CBF (coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests) to economic forests, including CF (chestnut forest), HF (hawthorn forest), and AF (apple forest), on the soil structure and nutrient loss in the Huaibei Rocky Mountain Areas, China. A 137Cs tracer method was used to provide soil erosion data in order to quantify the loss of aggregate-associated SOC. The results showed that forest management operations caused macro-aggregates to decrease by 1.69% in CF, 4.52% in AF, and 3.87% in HF. Therefore, the stability of aggregates was reduced. The SOC contents in each aggregate size decreased significantly after forest conversion, with the largest decreases occurring in AF. We quantified the loss of 0.15, 0.38, and 0.31 Mg hm−2 of aggregate-associated SOC after conversion from CBF to CF, AF, and HF, respectively. These results suggest that forest management operations have a negative impact on soil quality and fertility. CF has better vegetation coverage and less human interference, making it more prominent among the three economic forests species. Therefore, when developing forest management operations, judicious selection of tree varieties and appropriate management practices are extremely critical. In addition, measures should be taken to increase surface cover to reduce soil erosion and achieve sustainable development of economic forests.
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Worrell, R. "The influence of some forest operations on the sustainable management of forest soils - a review." Forestry 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/70.1.61.
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Venanzi, Rachele, Francesco Latterini, Walter Stefanoni, Damiano Tocci, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Variations of Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Features after Logging Using Two Different Ground-Based Extraction Methods in a Beech High Forest—A Case Study." Land 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considering that forests are crucial in the ecosystem of our planet and that forests provide timber products as well as several ecosystem services, it is evident that the application of sustainable forest operations (SFOs) is of substantial importance to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM). One of the most important issues to be evaluated when dealing with SFOs is limiting the disturbance and impacts related to logging. Harvesting activities can indeed alter the conditions of soil through compaction and litter removal which can also lead to modifications from the biological point of view, for example, diminishing the presence of soil microarthropods. While keeping these objectives in focus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate physico-chemical and biological impacts on forest soil in Mediterranean beech forests after forest logging with two different extraction systems, which are forestry-fitted farm tractors equipped with winch and forwarder. Specifically, authors aimed to investigate: (i) soil disturbance levels of ground-based extraction methods; (ii) soil disturbance levels of the applied forestry intervention; (iii) soil disturbance levels between winching-skidding and forwarding. Findings showed that the physical, chemical, and biological soil features were slightly disturbed by the forestry itself. In addition, forest operations and machine traffic showed clear soil disturbance, resulting in a substantial alteration of the characteristics. Between the two extraction techniques tested, winching caused less disturbance while forwarding had stronger impacts. However, it should be noted that these impact levels are found only on approximately 28% of the surface where operations were carried out. From the evidence gathered in this study, winching seems a less impactful extraction method in the studied context. On the other hand, to decrease the impact of forwarding, some technical adjustments such as bogie-tracks, as well as improved operator training, should be applied.
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Borz, Stelian Alexandru, Alexandru-Constantin Mariş, and Nopparat Kaakkurivaara. "Performance of Skidding Operations in Low-Access and Low-Intensity Timber Removals: A Simulation of Productivity and Fuel Consumption in Mature Forests." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest policies aiming for a greener future and decarbonization require scientific support to help in decision making on resource economy and sustainability of forest operations. Timber skidding is one of the most prevalent options in wood extraction around the world. While its operational and environmental performance is affected by several factors, of which the extraction distance, removal intensity, and machine capabilities are of first importance, there are few studies on the subject in low-access and low-intensity removals. Based on a time study which accounted for production and fuel consumption, this work modeled and quantified productivity and fuel consumption for such operational conditions. Dependence of fuel and time consumption on relevant operational factors was modeled by least square stepwise ordinary regression techniques. Then, the developed models and summary statistics were used to simulate productivity and fuel consumption for a wide range of extraction distances. The main results indicate that, for removal intensities in the range of 7 to 15 m3/ha, productivity of skidding operations in mature broadleaved forests depended heavily on the extraction distance. Taking as a reference an extraction distance of 200 m, productivity halved at 800 m, and decreased to one fourth at 2000 m. For the same conditions, fuel consumption increased linearly, being doubled at 800 m and four times higher at 2000 m. Although the unit fuel consumption increased linearly as a function of extraction distance, its magnitude of increment was much lower. The results of this study indicate that shortening the extraction distances may be the best option in increasing the operational and environmental performance of skidding operations. This may be achieved by developing further the forest road network, which, in addition to the benefits for harvesting operations, could support a more sustainable forest management.
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Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza, Sebastião da Fonseca, Cezar Francisco Araújo Júnior, and Arystides Resende Silva. "Soil compaction due to forest harvest operations." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000200015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this work was to determine, through the use of the bearing capacity model, the traffic effects of the forest harvest operations on the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap), during one cycle of the eucalyptus plantation. The work was conducted using undisturbed soil samples, collected at the surface of the A horizon and in the top of the B horizon of an Udult (PA), Aquox (FX) and Udox (LA) soils. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. The soil sampling was done before and after the harvest operations. The operations performed with the Forwarder caused greater soil compaction than the ones done with the Feller Büncher and Harvester. The percentage of soil samples, in the region with additional soil compaction, indicated that the Udult was the soil class more susceptible to soil compaction, followed by the Aquox and Udox. Despite Udult is the more susceptible to soil compaction, the regeneration of the soil structure in this soil class was more efficient than in Aquox. The percentage of soil samples with sigmap values in the region with additional soil compaction in 1996, 1998 and 2004, after harvest operations, indicated a sustainable forest exploration in this period.
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Pereira, Dennys Chrystian Pinto, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Rodrigo Antonio Pereira Junior, and Ulisses Sidnei da Conceição Silva. "The Use of Volume Yield and the Number of Trees to Control Forest Management Operations and Combat Illegal Harvesting." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 12 (November 15, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n12p142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a lack of understanding on the relationship between the authorized volume of wood harvest in Sustainable Forest Management Plans (SFMP) in the Amazon, the volumes listed in the official systems of volume control, the actual harvested volumes, and the consequences these parameters have for the illegal wood market.The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and volume yield and the number of harvested trees as part of forest management plans in public and private forests through analysis of harvest data from 85 SFMP registered in the official electronic system of control of forest products in the state of Pará. The forest management plans were categorized into public (federal and state), and private, with these being further subdivided into having one or more than one annual production unit, and community-managed forest. This analysis was based on the hypothesis that production and volume yield from SFMP in public and private forests did not differ. Calculations were made to test this hypothesis, and these included forest harvest yield, the percentage of the number of trees harvested in the SFMP using the relationship between the authorized and harvested volumes as well as the numbers of authorized trees and those harvested.The results show that the yields based on numbers of trees and volumes were statistically lower for SFMP in public forests compared to private forests. These results suggest that a significant part of SFMP in private forests could systematically become a source of forest credits used to obtain fraudulent documents for forest products that are illegally harvested, which is referred to as “esquentamento” in Portuguese.
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Bourgeois, Laurence, Daniel Kneeshaw, Louis Imbeau, Nicolas Bélanger, Stephen Yamasaki, and Suzanne Brais. "How do Alberta's, Ontario's and Quebec's forest operation laws respect ecological sustainable forest management criteria in the boreal forest?" Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83061-1.
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In order to receive forest certification and to respond to societal desires, many forest companies are attempting to demonstrate that their forest activities are «sustainable». The main objective of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the ways in which forestry-related provincial regulations in the three provinces (Alberta, Ontario and Quebec) that contain most of the Canadian boreal forest help forest companies achieve certification with respect to ecological criteria. In the process of continually evolving towards sustainable forest management, we evaluate how these provincial regulations governing forest operations can be helpful in maintaining three criteria: biodiversity, the aquatic environment and soils. This study shows that the regulations evaluated have varied in their approach and thus have different strengths that must be underlined: (1) Ontario's approach is the strongest in terms of biodiversity, (2) Alberta and Ontario provide measures to abandon roads after harvesting, (3) Quebec provides the greatest specific measures for protecting waterways and aquatic species, (4) Alberta shows the greatest consideration for maintaining the most soil properties and functions. Better links between different regulations are necessary in all jurisdictions. The continual improvement of Canadian forest rules is often slow and advances at a different pace depending on regulators but it should be supported in all provinces. Key words: sustainable forest management, biodiversity, aquatic environment, soils, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec
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Picchio, Rodolfo, Francesco Latterini, Piotr S. Mederski, Damiano Tocci, Rachele Venanzi, Walter Stefanoni, and Luigi Pari. "Applications of GIS-Based Software to Improve the Sustainability of a Forwarding Operation in Central Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reducing potential soil damage due to the passing of forest machinery is a key issue in sustainable forest management. Limiting soil compaction has a significant positive impact on forest soil. With this in mind, the aim of this work was the application of precision forestry tools, namely the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), to improve forwarding operations in hilly areas, thereby reducing the soil surface impacted. Three different forest study areas located on the slopes of Mount Amiata (Tuscany, Italy) were analyzed. Extraction operations were carried out using a John Deere 1410D forwarder. The study was conducted in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) coppice, and two coniferous stands: black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). The first stage of this work consisted of field surveys collecting data concerning new strip roads prepared by the forwarder operator to extract all the wood material from the forest areas. These new strip roads were detected using a GNSS system: specifically, a Trimble Juno Sb handheld data collector. The accumulated field data were recorded in GIS Software Quantum GIS 2.18, allowing the creation of strip road shapefiles followed by a calculation of the soil surface impacted during the extraction operation. In the second phase, various GIS tools were used to define a preliminary strip road network, developed to minimize impact on the surface, and, therefore, environmental disturbance. The results obtained showed the efficiency of precision forestry tools to improve forwarding operations. This electronic component, integrated with the on-board GNSS and GIS systems of the forwarder, could assure that the machine only followed the previously-planned strip roads, leading to a considerable reduction of the soil compaction and topsoil disturbances. The use of such tool can also minimize the risks of accidents in hilly areas operations, thus allowing more sustainable forest operations under all the three pillars of sustainability (economy, environment and society).
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Del Giudice, Angelo Del, Antonio Scarfone, Enrico Paris, Francesco Gallucci, and Enrico Santangelo. "Harvesting Wood Residues for Energy Production from an Oak Coppice in Central Italy." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 9444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable management of coppice forests and the valorization of forest residues represent key activities for the development of wood for the energy supply chain. The present study focused on the quantification and the physical/energetic characterization of oak residues (branches and tops) obtained from a coppice stand in central Italy. The study also evaluated the performance of the technologies used for the harvest and chipping operation. The wood residues obtained were mainly tree branches and tops and accounted for 19.8% of the total biomass extracted from the forest. Taking into account the standards of wood chips for energy use, the material produced was included in the quality class B. Summarizing, the results obtained in this work indicated that opportune forest operations can provide a significant amount of wood residues (mainly branches and tops) from oak coppices in central Italy and that the derived material can reach medium commercial features, being exploitable in different bioenergy production scenarios.
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Britto, Pedro C., Dirk Jaeger, Stephan Hoffmann, Renato C. G. Robert, Alexander C. Vibrans, and Alfredo C. Fantini. "Impact Assessment of Timber Harvesting Operations for Enhancing Sustainable Management in a Secondary Atlantic Forest." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 6272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226272.
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Conservation and management of forest ecosystems are currently largely conflicting goals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. At present, all parts of the Atlantic Forest are protected and commercial logging is highly restricted. However, sustainable forest management systems can offer significant income opportunities for landholders, and thereby actively support the process of ecosystem rehabilitation and protection of the Atlantic Forest. This research is intended to contribute to enhancing the development of environmentally sound forest management alternatives in the Atlantic Forest biome. Through a case study, the harvesting impact of a conventional harvesting method (CM) was evaluated and compared with an alternative and improved harvesting method (AM), performed by a well-trained professional chainsaw operator experienced in reduced impact logging techniques, and included the use of a snatch block and a skidding cone. Following a full pre-harvest inventory, 110 different tree species were identified. The harvesting impact on the residual stand was classified and evaluated through a successive post-harvest inventory. Damage maps were developed based on interpolation of tree damage intensities with the triangular irregular networks (TIN) methodology. Our results showed noticeable high rates of tree hang-ups, observed for both harvesting methods. Furthermore, the harvesting damaged trees mainly in the lower diameter at breast height (DBH) classes. In comparison to winching, the felling process caused most of the damage to remnant trees for both methods, at 87% (CM) and 88% (AM). The number of damaged trees (above 11.9 cm DBH) per harvested tree, for CM, ranged from 0.8 trees to 2.5 trees and, for AM, ranged from 0.6 trees to 2.2 trees. Improvements of the AM method (operator skills, skidding cone and snatch block) over CM allowed for a reduction of the damaged basal area, a reduction of the “high damaged area” per plot, and a reduction of the winching disturbed ground area. Nonetheless, a suitable harvesting system should consider further improvements in the felling technique, and additionally integrate the local knowledge of CM regarding forest and tree species with the technical improvements of AM.
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Espach, Ralph. "When is Sustainable Forestry Sustainable? The Forest Stewardship Council in Argentina and Brazil." Global Environmental Politics 6, no. 2 (May 2006): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2006.6.2.55.
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Despite the proliferation of private regulatory regimes as instruments for global governance, we know little about the operations or effectiveness of these regimes at the national level. This is particularly true in developing countries where these programs are expected to have their greatest impact. This paper examines why it is that in two nations that share several properties believed to support private forms of environmental regulation, the effectiveness of one prominent global program, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), should vary so dramatically. Findings indicate that differences in three variables that often support successful private regulation—domestic and foreign market demand, the influence of transnational actors, and state endorsement—do not adequately account for this variation. Instead, factors that promote the supply of local programs have strongly influenced the effectiveness of the FSC in these nations, particularly the social resources and political strategies utilized by program administrators.
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Bernardi, Bruno, Giorgio Macrì, Giacomo Falcone, Teodora Stillitano, Souraya Benalia, and Anna Irene De Luca. "Assessment and Sustainability of Logging Operations in Calabrian Pine High Forests." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest mechanisation plays an important role in increasing labour productivity and reducing production costs. This work aims at evaluating various logging scenarios in Calabrian pine high forests, considering technical, economic and environmental aspects. The cut-to-length system was adopted and structured as follows: felling and processing operations were carried out using a medium-sized chainsaw while extraction of the processed material was carried out using three different vehicles for timber extraction: (i) by cable skidder, (ii) by grapple skidder and (iii) by a forwarder. The methodology was based on productivity analysis and production cost analysis, while for environmental performance, the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was adopted. The selected functional unit (FU) was referred to as 1 h of logging operations. However, to assess the resulting usefulness, further analyses were performed using an alternative FU consisting of 1 m3 of round wood. The study’s outcomes show the complexity in achieving an optimal balance between productivity, economic aspects and sustainable management in forest operations.
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Di Marzio, Nicolò. "An Overview of forest cover and management in Italy." Nova mehanizacija šumarstva 41 (December 10, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/nms.2020.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the centuries, alongside multiple changes in socio-economical conditions, needs and technical possibilities, Italian forest and forest management have gone through a dynamic and complex evolution process. In the last decade, forest lands in Italy have been constantly growing and nowadays cover almost 11 million hectars, accounting for 36.4% of the total National territory. Several quantitative and qualitative aspects of forest resources, regarding species composition, actual and available stock, ownership, volume of utilization, accessibility, terrain features and others, have been described through the analysis of the National Forest Inventory (INFC2005). The most represented forest typology is »coppice with standards«, while many forests are in a mature stage, waiting for conversion to transitional stands. Concerning forest logging, full length harvesting and winching-skidding extraction are the most widespread systems, but in many areas the low-openness conditions represent a limiting factor for logging distances, expecially in high slope classes, where sustainable and cost-effective operations are primary. The modern solutions allowed by technological progress, in addition to the growing environmental awareness and need of a sustainable management at multiple level require an efficient forest communications management and professional formation of operators, in a challenging scenario that Italy is called to approach.
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Bell, F. Wayne, James A. Baker, George Bruemme, John Pineau, and Al Stinson. "The Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership: Implementing a research strategy based on an active adaptive management approach." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84666-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Between April 2000 and March 2007, the Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership funded, directed, or catalyzed approximately 145 projects. Most of these focused on knowledge and data acquisition, providing a solid foundation for a series of sensitivity and gap analyses to determine whether a long-term goal of enhancing productivity on 6 forest management units in Ontario was achievable, and more importantly, sustainable. A research strategy provided the focus for knowledge and data acquisition and the partnership facilitated integrated research, development, transfer, and implementation. Here we provide an overview of this effort, which is expected to position forest managers of the 6 forests to apply an adaptive management process to increase understanding of the response of their forests to various forest management policies and practices in the future. The strategy and approach described could be useful to other jurisdictions aiming to more closely integrate forest research and operations as well as those interested in implementing adaptive management. Key words: forest ecology, forest economics, forest inventory, forest management
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Lee, Jun-Yen, and Ching-Hsing Chang. "Efforts toward Creating a Sustainable Business Model: An Empirical Investigation of Small-Scale Certified Forestry Firms in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest certification plays a notable role in promoting sustainability. This certification shows that forestland holders have adopted innovative practices toward realizing sustainable business models. Relatively little analysis has been devoted to identifying the efforts of transforming a conventional business model into a sustainable version through the application of forest certification. This paper examines the elements of a sustainable business model: value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture in certified forestland holders’ business operations. Empirical results have confirmed that certification signifies a successful sustainability transformation within adopting firms. However, these small organizations struggle with obtaining know-how regarding sustainable forest management. There needs to be adequate external support, such as government consultants or academic researchers, in order to successfully adopt third-party forest certification. However, while practicing sustainable forest management activities will not guarantee premium prices, the certification has, in some rare cases, helped to develop a new niche market. Good communication with stakeholders has improved firms’ relationships with local residents, but more channels of communication are still needed to activate green consumers.
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Venanzi, Rachele, Rodolfo Picchio, Raffaele Spinelli, and Stefano Grigolato. "Soil Disturbance and Recovery after Coppicing a Mediterranean Oak Stand: The Effects of Silviculture and Technology." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104074.
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Traditional coppice management system is one of the most debated topics in the Mediterranean area, as it is a forest management system that accounts for over 23 million hectares. Coppicing is considered the oldest form of sustainable forest management. Its past and current widespread popularity is mainly due to its capacity to positively contribute to the rural economy and ecosystem services. This research aimed at assessing the effect of coppicing on soil characteristics, understanding a possible treatment return time, and evaluating the implementation of proper sustainable forest operations (SFOs) in order to have a better understanding of the disturbance caused by silvicultural treatment and forest operations with two different harvesting techniques. The results demonstrated that physical, chemical, and biological soil features were partially disturbed by the coppicing. Both silvicultural treatment and forest operations influenced soil disturbance. The least impactful technique was extraction by winch, while forwarding resulted in heavier alterations of soil characteristics. It took about five years for the soil to recover its original pre-harvest conditions when the disturbance was caused by the silvicultural treatment alone (non-trafficked areas) and about eight to nine years when the disturbance was the cumulated effect of silvicultural treatment and logging activity (trafficked areas).
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Lessard, Guy, Donald Blouin, Emmanuelle Boulfroy, Frank Grenon, and Mélanie Ruel. "Le CERFO : un quart de siècle d’innovation." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86317-3.
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With activities in most regions of Quebec, CERFO (Centre d’enseignement et de recherche en foresterie de Sainte-Foy inc.) has developed a recognized expertise in forestry topics including silviculture, sustainable forest management, forest ecology, harvesting operations, GIS and wood processing. The Centre is known for addressing practical issues using engineering processes for silviculture, forest management, harvesting and wood supply and for being a technological transfer centre. 2009 marked the 25th anniversary of the Centre and as such this is a good opportunity to summarize the important accomplishments of the Centre in applied research, technical assistance and customized training. Key words: silviculture, forest management, ecology, irregular high forest, forest certification, management of harvesting operations, optimization, wood processing, agroforestry, technological transfer, training
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Lessard, Guy, Donald Blouin, Emmanuelle Boulfroy, Frank Grenon, and Mélanie Ruel. "CERFO: 25 years of innovations in the forestry sector." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86328-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With activities in most regions of Quebec, CERFO (Centre d’enseignement et de recherche en foresterie de Sainte-Foy inc.) has developed a recognized expertise in forestry topics including silviculture, sustainable forest management, forest ecology, harvesting operations, GIS and wood processing. The Centre is known for addressing practical issues using engineering processes for silviculture, forest management, harvesting and wood supply and for being a technological transfer centre. 2009 marked the 25th anniversary of the Centre and as such this is a good opportunity to summarize the important accomplishments of the Centre in applied research, technical assistance and customized training. Key words: silviculture, forest management, ecology, irregular high forest, forest certification, management of harvesting operations, optimization, wood processing, agroforestry, technological transfer, training
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Nkongho, Ayuk Macbert. "Forests Communities’ “Bundles of Rights” in Cameroon: A Forgone Aspiration towards Sustainable Management of Industrial Forestry." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i02.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forests ecosystem englobes abundant natural resources in which the world population highly depends on for their existence. Internationally, the 1992 Rio Declaration and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity amongst others, has categorically prescribed universal legal standards for the protection of the rights of forests communities. In Cameroon, forests with its natural resource endowments (timbers and non-timbers) has been considered by many as the cultural heritage of most local communities and a source of government revenue. Without mincing words, the forestry law and other related laws have given local communities bundles of rights to sustainably use and manage forest resources. However, these rights remain wanting due to ineffective implementation. As a result, local communities are prone to abject poverty, misery and paradox of plenty or rather put it “Tragedy of the Commons”. In this vein, the paper therefore, seeks to address the following worries: What type of rights do these forests communities exercise? Are the provisions of the law with regard to local communities’ rights and interests in the sustainable management of industrial forestry respected and if so, to what extent? What difficulties do local communities encounter in exercising these bundles of rights? Legally, the methodology employed in this article is purely doctrinal which is based on both primary and secondary data. The paper therefore, concludes with some robust recommendations which if effectively implemented and enforced will go a long way to guaranteed the rights of forest communities and thus, enhance sustainable industrial forestry management.
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Marchi, Enrico, Woodam Chung, Rien Visser, Dalia Abbas, Tomas Nordfjell, Piotr S. Mederski, Andrew McEwan, Michal Brink, and Andrea Laschi. "Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate." Science of The Total Environment 634 (September 2018): 1385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.084.
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Ralevic, P., M. Ryans, and D. Cormier. "Assessing forest biomass for bioenergy: Operational challenges and cost considerations." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86043-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainability assessments and biomass inventories often neglect the operational challenges involved in the harvesting of forest biomass for bioenergy. Thus, concerns that increasing demands for biomass will lead to greater environmental impacts, particularly on soil productivity, need to be considered from an operations perspective that takes into consideration the technical and cost limitations to biomass recovery. We examine operational forest biomass recovery potential of harvest residue (slash) for three sites located north of Kapuskasing, Ontario. The sites are in the Northern Claybelt, which is in the boreal forest and is comprised primarily of lowland black spruce and upland mixedwoods. Supply flows of harvest residues estimated using the Biomass Opportunity Supply Model (BiOS), developed by FPInnovations – Feric Division are compared to validation data collected from the sites. Costs for the supply flows were also estimated using BiOS. After harvesting limitations and planned retentions (such as wildlife trees) were taken into consideration, 41% (41.2 ovendry tonnes/ha) and 59% (99.1 odt/ha) of total above-ground biomass were estimated to remain on site in two mixedwood blocks, and 25% (25.3 odt/ha) in a black spruce block. Thus, considerable biomass was left on the forest floor, contrary to popular perceptions that bioenergy harvesting will result in a “clearing” or potential “vacuuming” of the forest floor. The delivered cost was $53/odt ($2.86/GJ energy equivalent) and $58/odt ($3.14/GJ) for the two upland sites and $59/odt ($3.19/GJ) for the lowland black spruce site. This is higher than conventional hog fuel costs. Although operational and cost considerations thus limit harvest residue recovery, and although there are a number of operational factors that can minimize environmental impacts on soils and biodiversity, sustainable biomass removal guidelines still need to be implemented on sites sensitive to soil damage and nutrient removal. Key words: biomass, bioenergy, harvest, operations, cost, supply chain, sustainable management, soil nutrients, forest residues, BiOS model, Ontario
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Paillé, Gilbert G. "The importance of forestry and forest engineering: Past present future." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79876-5.
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Until 1900, Canada had no foresters involved in logging, practising forestry or doing research. Forest engineering as a discipline held no importance whatsoever. The forest was simply exploited for its timbers and most of the forest products were sold abroad. During the next 50 years, four Canadian universities opened forestry schools, some research activities were organized by the federal government, provincial governments, and industry. However, the importance of forest engineering did not grow much. Since 1950, however, the situation was turned around completely, as was the industry. While forest operations were completely mechanised everywhere in Canada with machines or concepts often developed in the USA or in Scandinavia, more forestry schools were opened, the federal government opened forest research laboratories, provincial governments acquired more expertise in this field, and forestry equipment manufacturers did considerable development work. A national forest engineering research institute was even created. In the future, the forest community will have to team up to raise the profile of forest engineering. Key words: co-operation, forest engineering, forestry, forestry education, forestry research, sustainable management
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Jeakins, Paul. "The business of Criteria and Indicators in Sustainable Forest Management." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82412-3.
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While forest companies in British Columbia have been active in the development and implementation of Criteria and Indicators (C&I) in planning for sustainable forest management, in many cases they are not yet considered to be a core business function. A business case for C&I means going beyond the current paradigm of meeting legislative requirements and identifying C&I for sustainable forest management strictly within the context of certification. Without a comprehensive business case that articulates how C&I programs affect a company's position in the market place in terms of measurable benefits, costs and exposure to risk, activities essential to sustaining the broad range of forestry-related socio-economic and ecological values may not get the prioritization and resources needed. Quantifying costs and benefits will help define how forest companies will most effectively meet their sustainable forest management objectives and identify opportunities for partnerships with government, First Nations, stakeholders and other companies in the collective management of the forest resource. Although some companies have begun to develop approaches to the business case for C&I, more work is needed in integrating the objectives and activities of SFM planning into the basic day-to-day operations of a company as well as providing training to resource managers to communicate in the language of business. Government should adopt and encourage a C&I business case approach to forest resource management by developing strong links to legislative and land use planning requirements. Key words: Criteria and Indicators, business case, sustainable forest management, certification, land use planning, forest industry
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Schweier, Janine, Boško Blagojević, Rachele Venanzi, Francesco Latterini, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Strip Clear Cutting Operations for Wood Chip Production in Renaturalization Management of Pine Stands." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Mediterranean regions, afforested areas were planted to ensure the permanence of land cover, and to protect against erosion and to initiate the vegetation processes. For those purposes, pine species were mainly used; however, many of these stands, without silvicultural treatments for over fifty-sixty years, were in a poor state from physical and biological perspective, and therefore, clear-cutting on strips was conducted as silvicultural operation with the aim to eliminate 50% of the pine trees and to favor the affirmation of indigenous broadleaves seedlings. At the same time, the high and increasing demand of the forest based sector for wood biomass related to energy production, needs to be supplied. In a modern and multifunctional forestry, in which society is asking for sustainable forestry and naturalistic forest management, forestry operations should ideally be carried out in a sustainable manner, thus support the concept of sustainable forest management. All these aspects are also related to the innovation in forestry sector for an effective energetic sustainability. Three different forest wood chains were applied in pine plantations, all differing in the extraction system (animal, forestry-fitted farm tractor with winch, and double drum cable yarder). The method of the sustainability impact assessment was used in order to assess potential impacts of these alternative management options, and a set of 12 indicators covering economic, environmental, and social dimensions was analyzed. Further, to support decision makers in taking informed decisions, multi-criteria decision analysis was conducted. Decision makers gave weight towards the indicators natural tree regeneration and soil biological quality to support the achievement of the forest management goal. Results showed that first ranked alternative was case 2, in which extraction was conducted by a tractor with a winch. The main reason for that lies in the fact that this alternative had best performance for 80% of the analyzed criteria.
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Picchio, Rodolfo, Andrea Rosario Proto, Vincenzo Civitarese, Nicolò Di Marzio, and Francesco Latterini. "Recent Contributions of Some Fields of the Electronics in Development of Forest Operations Technologies." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last years, there has been a growing need to improve forest-wood chain concerning all three pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social). Using electronic systems, in particular GIS, GNSS, and various kinds of sensors related to forest harvesting, is clearly one of the most powerful instruments to reach this aim. The contribution of these tools to forest operation is wide and various. One of the most important application was integrating ICT and GPS/GNSS on-board systems on modern forest machines. This allowed one to ensure multiple benefits to forest operation field. On the one hand, electronic systems, and particularly GIS, could be used to improve forest harvesting with a previous planning of the skid trails network, in order to minimize utilization impacts and risks for operators, ensuring at the same time high work productivity. Moreover, GIS developed files could also be implemented in modern forest machine GPS/GNSS systems, helping forest machines operators to move only along a designed skid trails network or making it possible to avoid restricted access areas. On the other hand, modern forest machines could be equipped with complex and accurate sensors that are able to determine, register, and share information about wood biomass quantity and quality and even undertake economic evaluation of stumpage value. Finally, the input and output of these systems and sensors could be implemented in a decision support system (DSS) ensuring the best silvicultural and operative alternative from a sustainable forest management point of view. A detailed review of the contribution of electronics in the development of forest operations is provided here.
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Thorning, Anna, and Cecilia Mark-Herbert. "Motives for Sustainability Certification—Private Certified Forest Owners’ Perspectives." Forests 13, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional forest-management practices are currently being scrutinised. Forest certification may verify sustainable development practices in primary forest production. However, certification of privately owned forest lands cannot be taken for granted, as it is associated with the demands and challenges of forest management. Despite these challenges, some private owners of forest lands chose to certify their operations. The aim of this study is to explain these motives for certification. A qualitative approach, based on thematic interviews with selected forest owners, offers a context-bound and contemporary understanding. The implications of this research are seen in market development for certified forest resources and policy adaptations to support voluntary certification schemes.
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Novikova, Tatyana P. "The Choice of a Set of Operations for Forest Landscape Restoration Technology." Inventions 7, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is intended for forest farmers who need to make a mathematically sound and objective decision on the choice of technological operations and technical means for forest restoration. Currently, in studies implementing the forest landscapes restoration approach from the point of view of technology and the use of technical devices (FLR technology), there is some discreteness and fragmentation of the issues. There is a need for a comprehensive study of FLR technology using frontier techniques and devices, and the construction of a single technological FLR algorithm. Preliminary analysis indicates a sharp increase in the number of operational sets from nine for the implementation of the classical technological FLR algorithm to 268 in the first approximation when implementing the proposed algorithm. The FLR algorithm construction is based on the algorithm’s theory, and the verification of the similarity degree of operational sets is based on the cluster analysis by Ward and intra-group connections methods. The algorithm decomposition into six conditionally similar clusters will help plan new forest experiments taking into account interdisciplinary interaction, in addition to the modernization of plant propagation protocols for sustainable reforestation quality management. However, some questions remain for the future: which criterion should be used as a universal basis for choosing operational sets? How can the effectiveness of the FLR technology procedure be evaluated and predicted before its practical implementation?
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Latterini, Francesco, Rachele Venanzi, Damiano Tocci, Federico Moschetti, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Comparing Accuracy of Three Remote Sensing Methods to Evaluate Soil Impact Related to Forest Operations." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring soil impacts related to forest operations is crucial to reach the sustainable forest management goal. On the other hand, field survey to assess such kind of impact is usually costly and time consuming. Therefore, the possibility of using remote and proximal sensing technologies to analyze forest soil impacts could be very helpful for forest managers. According to this, the aim of the present work was the evaluation of reliability of three different remote sensing tools for the assessment of soil impacts related to forest operations. The study area consisted in an oak coppice located in the Municipality of Castel Giorgio (Terni District, Central Italy). The different tested technologies were Sentinel-2, Google Earth and an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with an RGB sensor. After forest utilization, images of the study area were obtained by the above-mentioned systems, and a photo-interpretation process allowed the identification of skid trails patterns produced by the operators during the extraction of timber. The three theoretical skid trails patterns were compared with the real one, obtained by field relief with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology. The obtained results showed that all these systems still need some improvements for an effective application in the Italian forest sector, concerning soil impacts evaluation after forest operations.
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Drebot, Oksana I., and Khrystyna P. Zamula. "Ecological and economic analysis of forest use in the exclusion zone." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 6(146) (2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-6-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the problem of radiation pollution, which requires constant research, monitoring, and control. The safety and health of the population, the environment, and the possibility of sustainable development and restoration of natural capacity depend on this topical issue. The paper analyzes the problems of forest use in radiation-contaminated areas and examines the current environmental condition in forest areas of the exclusion zone. The forest use in radioactively contaminated areas is established to be associated with the use of forest resources and functions of forest ecosystems, taking into account the degree of radioactive contamination. Its main goal is to obtain clean products with economic benefits over total environmental, economic, and social costs. Prolonged radioactive contamination of forestry lands, slow self-clearing of forests, and legal restrictions on forest management in conditions of radioactive contamination have determined the special forestry conditions in such areas. Thus, the need to overcome the consequences of the Chornobyl disaster as well as rehabilitation and sustainable development of radioactively contaminated areas determine the study of criteria that are important when choosing a strategy for forest management in environmentally problematic regions. The issue of the consequences of forest fires in the Chornobyl zone is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the issue of environmental and economic principles of assessing the efficiency of forest management in radioactively contaminated areas, which, in contrast to the existing ones, are based on taking into account the peculiarities of forest management in such areas. The dynamics of forest reproduction in the context of the last decade is presented. A model of forestry development in areas contaminated with radionuclides is proposed.
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Sist, Plinio, Robert Fimbel, Douglas Sheil, Robert Nasi, and Marie-Hélène Chevallier. "Towards sustainable management of mixed dipterocarp forests of South-east Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 4 (December 2003): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Selective logging applied in tropical forests is based on one universal criterion: a minimum diameter cutting limit for all commercial timber species. Minimum diameter cutting limits in mixed dipterocarp forests of the Malesia region lead to high felling intensities (10–20+ trees ha−1). Such extraction rates create massive stand damage (>50% of the remaining tree population), which has a negative impact on the regeneration and growth of many harvested dipterocarp species. As such, the minimum diameter cutting limit approach is seldom compatible with sustainable forest management. Where basic ecological characteristics of the commercial species are considered in timber harvesting prescriptions, mixed dipterocarp forests appear capable of sustained timber yields, habitat conservation, and providing other goods and services. This paper first presents the main silvicultural systems developed in mixed dipterocarp forests of Western Malesia and then reviews current knowledge of dipterocarp biology to finally develop guidelines aimed at improving the ecological sustainability of production forests of Western Malesia. These guidelines, a pragmatic reflection of science and ‘best guess’ judgement, include: (1) integration of reduced-impact logging practices into normal management operations; (2) cutting of eight trees ha−1 or less (with a felling cycle of 40–60 years to be determined according to local conditions); (3) defining minimum diameter cutting limits according to the structure, density and diameter at reproduction of target species; (4) avoiding harvesting species with less than one adult tree ha−1 (diameter at breast height [dbh] ≥ 50 cm over an area of 50–100 ha); (5) minimizing the size and connectivity of gaps (<600 m2 whenever possible); (6) refraining from treatments such as understorey clearing; and (7) providing explicit protection for key forest species and the ecological processes they perform. Further refinement is encouraged to allow for local conditions, and for other forest types.
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Szaraz, Gérard, and Dagoberto Irías. "Development of the Honduran tropical moist forest: Experiences in integrated management areas." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69672-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tropical moist forest of Honduras runs the risk of vanishing in the near future. Lessons from past experience in setting up forest protection schemes demonstrate that it is impossible to maintain forest reserves when the needs of the forest-dependant rural dwellers are ignored. Ten integrated management areas were established on the North Coast of Honduras as small-scale models of sustainable community forest development.Preliminary results of the CIDA-COHDEFOR Hardwood Forest Development Project indicate that forest management has been incorporated into pit sawing operations by delimiting forest boundaries, undertaking forest inventory and practicing silviculture. Lesser known species are being increasingly used for local and foreign consumption. The organizational and administrative capacity of the beneficiary groups have also been improved.
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Mateos, Esperanza, and Leyre Ormaetxea. "Sustainable Renewable Energy by Means of Using Residual Forest Biomass." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The substitution of energy based on fossil fuel by bioenergy could be an effective solution to reduce external energy dependency, thereby promoting sustainable development. This article details a study of the use of biomass residues produced in the forestry sector as a consequence of field operations of the two predominant forest species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Ecualyptus globulus Labill) of Biscay (Spain). The potential of forest residues is estimated to be 66,600 dry Mg year − 1 . These residues would provide 1307 TJ year − 1 . Energy parameters, ultimate and proximate analyses, and the level of emissions of the forest residues are performed in order to estimate their characteristics as fuel. The research done has shown very similar values in terms of the net calorific value of the residues of P. radiata (19.45 MJ kg − 1 ) and E. globulus (19.48 MJ kg − 1 ). The determined emission factors indicate a reduction in gas emissions: CO (23–25%), CO 2 (22–25%), SO 2 (87–91%) and dust (11–38%) and an increase of 11–37% in NO x compared to hard coal. Estimation of the emission factors of the residual biomass allows the environmental impacts, that are potentially produced by biofuel, to be estimated.
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Holloway, Nancy, Glen A. Jordan, and Burtt M. Smith. "Management of New Brunswick's Crown forest during the twentieth century." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84481-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A condensed history of forestry and forest management in New Brunswick's Crown Forest during the 20th century is presented. It begins with a description of the advanced state of forest management in New Brunswick today. The description provides a sharp contrast to the subsequent detailing of forestry operations, and lack of forest management, that characterized the early decades of the 20th century. A gradual improvement followed, as professional forestry education and technology combined to elevate forestry practice. Next examined is forestry practice and its change across several distinct periods: the inter-wars period (1914–1938), WWII and aftermath (1939–1957), two decades of profound change (1958–1980), and the modern era (1981–2005). It is concluded that a few key events and individuals explain the gradual evolution of forestry in New Brunswick from controlled exploitation to sustainable management. Also suggested is that the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management at the University of New Brunswick must continue to attract the brightest and best to its forestry programmes, if New Brunswick is to maintain its leadership position in management of public forests. Key words: forest management, history, Province of New Brunswick, technological advances, forestry practice, key personnel, Crown Lands and Forests Act