Дисертації з теми "Sustainable Engineering Systems"
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Utne, Ingrid Bouwer. "Sustainable Fishing Fleet; a Systems Engineering Approach." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Productions and Quality Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1758.
Повний текст джерелаMany fisheries have significant challenges related to sustainable development, such as overexploitation and overcapacity in the fishing fleet. Overcapacity leads to increased pressure on fish resources, reduced profitability, and environmental problems such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and acidification fromfuel consumption. Sustainable management of the fish resources is an important objective in Norway, but overcapacity is a problem in several Norwegian fleet segments. Important issues in this respect are whether the traditional management models are able to deal with the capacity development, and whether the role of technology as a relevant discipline in fisheries management is underestimated.
The objective of this work has been to integrate a technological perspective into fisheries management in order to improve sustainability in the fishing fleet. The thesis work has been limited to the Norwegian fisheries in Norwegian territorialwaters. Since the main problems addressed in this thesis are sustainability and overcapacity, the system boundaries are limited to the fishing fleet. This means that the marine ecosystem in where the fishing vessels are interacting, is outside the thesis’ boundaries.
The main contributions of this thesis are:
• Development of a methodological framework that structures fisheries management decision-making, with main emphasis on improved sustainability in the fishing fleet.
• Clarification of the concept of sustainability in the Norwegian fishing fleet.
• Classification of attributes characterizing sustainability, and a performance evaluation of the different vessel groups in the cod-fishing fleet.
• Comparison of two cod-production systems, with focus on sustainability.
• Suggestions for how fisheries management can evaluate sustainability on a regular basis.
• Improved foundation for further research about sustainability in the fisheries. A lot of literature is collected and synthesized.
The framework developed is based on the systems engineering process. The nature of sustainability requires a systems perspective. There are different system analysis methods, but from a technological perspective, dealing with multidisciplinary tasks, systems engineering has been selected as the most feasible process. It has a strong focus on stakeholder needs and requirements, and it facilitates frequent evaluations of sustainability, which is important in order to assess management efficiency and goal achievement.
Problems regarding sustainability in the fisheries are not only caused by technological development, but have organizational challenges as well. However, in this thesis the focus is within the technological perspective. Systems engineering is not applied as an attempt to change the structure of fisheries management, but as means of suggesting a decision-making process that improves sustainability in the fishing fleet.
Fisheries management involves decision-making in situations often characterized by high risks and uncertainties, and it may be difficult to predict the outcomes of the decisions, for example, regarding sustainability in the fishing fleet. A number of tools that are available to support decision-making have been discussed and used in the thesis, such as cost-benefit analysis, risk acceptance criteria, life cycle cost (LCC), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Nevertheless, these tools do not provide “correct” answers; they have limitations, they are based on a number of assumptions, and their uses are based on scientific knowledge as well as value judgments involving political, strategic, and ethical issues. This means that these methods leave the decision-makers to apply decision processes outside the practical applications of the analyses, to which the framework offers guiding principles and structure.
The main outcome of using systems engineering principles in fisheries management, is that the framework offers a broader analytical perspective to fisheries management and sustainability, which acknowledge that sustainability cannot be distinguished fromthe context. Today, most input to fisheries management come from biology and economy, such as stock assessments and profitability analyses. In systems engineering, information from different scientific disciplines, for example, biology, social sciences, economy, and technology, are necessary input to the analyses and decision processes, because fisheriesmanagement is much more than bio-economics. Application of the systems engineering process in fisheries management, and the inclusion of technology, introduce new perspectives, new disciplines, and new stakeholders into the decision-making process in the fisheries.
Based on the framework developed in the thesis, the sustainability performance of the cod-fishing fleet has been evaluated. Sustainability in the fishing fleet may be characterized by seven attributes; accident risk, employment, profitability, quality, catch capacity, bycatch/selection, andGHGemissions/acidification. Indicators have been identified in order to measure the system performance within the attributes. The evaluation shows that there are differences in the performance of the vessel groups. These differences pose a major challenge to fisheries management in their decision-making regarding sustainability in the fleet. The smallest vessels have the lowest fuel consumption (kg fuel/kg fish), but they have a very high accident risk (FAR). The evaluation of cod fishing vs. cod farming shows that the potential growth in the cod farming industry may cause changes in the management system of the cod fisheries, such as a possible shift from the IVQ-systemof today to an ITQ-system.
The Norwegian fisheries management lacks frequent evaluations of its policies, and the information and data available about the fisheries are fragmented. Sustainability should be evaluated on a regular basis by use of performance indicators to determine if sustainability increases or decreases. For simplicity, the indicators could be aggregated into a sustainability index showing the overall system performance. Aggregation implies simplification and weighting of the indicators, which means that such an index should be used with care. Sustainability implies a long term perspective when taking decisions, because future generations will be affected. The performance evaluations can give indications of trends, which means that the results can be used to predict consequences in the future, based on the current development.
Paper I, II, III, IV and VI are reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
Khuris, Hassan. "Sustainable Construction Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia (SCWMS)." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/420.
Повний текст джерелаHaskins, Cecilia. "Systems engineering analyzed, synthesized, and applied to sustainable industrial park development." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2219.
Повний текст джерелаHanes, Rebecca J. "Multidisciplinary modeling for sustainable engineering design and assessment." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437204293.
Повний текст джерелаNewton, Elizabeth Lynn. "Sustainable Reaction and Separation Systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7463.
Повний текст джерелаUkidwe, Nandan Uday. "Thermodynamic input-output analysis of economic and ecological systems for sustainable engineering." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117555725.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 306 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-306). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Hayward, Devin. "Sustainable waste management systems and their application in Trinidad and Tobago." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98966.
Повний текст джерелаGourley, James Steven 1978. "Utilization of information management systems for sustainable infrastructure planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29576.
Повний текст джерелаHadian, Niasar Saeed. "A Systems Approach to Sustainable Energy Portfolio Development." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5941.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
Williams, Callida A. "Packaging System Redesign: A Study in Designing More Sustainable Product Packaging Systems." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281970963.
Повний текст джерелаRoinas, Georgios. "Sources, occurrence and fate of hydrocarbon pollutants in sustainable drainage systems." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sources-occurrence-and-fate-of-hydrocarbon-pollutants-in-sustainable-drainage-systems(5d419c30-3b6c-4064-b836-58117921b53f).html.
Повний текст джерелаLindmark, Susanne. "The role of absorption cooling for reaching sustainable energy systems." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319.
Повний текст джерелаMouritz, Mike. "Sustainable urban water systems : policy and professional praxis /." Mouritz, Mike (1996) Sustainable urban water systems: policy and professional praxis. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/211/.
Повний текст джерелаJain, Figueroa Anjuli. "Sustainable agricultural management : a systems approach for examining food security tradeoffs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121881.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 118-125).
Estimates suggest that the world needs a 50% increase in food production to meet the demands of the 2050 global population (Tilman et. al. 2011). Cropland expansion is unlikely to be sufficient, and yield improvements that require more inputs may lead to more environmental damage. This work focuses on reallocating limited land and water resources to optimize cropping patterns. By combining optimization methods, surrogate modeling, global data sources, data assimilation, and hydrologic modeling, we identify opportunities for increasing food-crop production and cash-crop revenue, while maintaining sustainability constraints that limit cropland expansion and prevent groundwater depletion. We apply the framework in India's Krishna river basin and find that reallocating resources to meet or exceed current production can lead to 96% gain in net revenue as resources over an estimated current baseline. Resources in this case are moved to high-yielding cash crops. Imposing a self-sufficient southern diet which depends on rice reduces the gains to 77% while imposing a self-sufficient national diet with more emphasis on wheat eliminates all net revenue gains to the region. The approach described in this thesis, highlights the trade-offs between food production, cost and environmental impacts in achieving specified food-security objectives. This research contributes to the field in two ways: 1) it provides a novel method for combining remotely sensed data, surrogate models and optimization to understand agricultural trade-offs, and 2) it furthers the discussion on food and water security and sustainable resource management by demonstrating that resource reallocation with sustainability constraints provides revenue gains in certain situations.
by Anjuli Jain Figueroa.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Ferreira, José Alexandre Pires. "Monitoring morphisms to support sustainable interoperability of enterprise systems." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7527.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, organizations are required to be part of a global collaborative world. Sometimes this is the only way they can access new and wider markets, reaching new opportunities, skills and sharing assets, e.g. tools, lessons learnt. However, due to the different sources of enterprise models and semantics, organizations are experiencing difficulties in exchanging vital information via electronic and in a seamlessly way. To solve this issue, most of them try to attain interoperability by establishing peer-to-peer mappings with different business partners, or in optimized networks using neutral data standards to regulate communications. Moreover, the systems are more and more dynamic, changing frequently to answer new customer’s requirements, causing new interoperability problems and a reduction of efficiency. This dissertation proposes a multi-agent system to monitor existing enterprise systems, by being capable of detecting morphism changes. With this, network harmonization breakings are timely detected, and possible solutions are suggested to regain the interoperable status, thus enhancing robustness for reaching sustainability of business networks.
Liu, Xinyu. "Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment to Support Assessment and Design of Sustainable Engineering Systems." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532010848792021.
Повний текст джерелаCulbertson, Trisha L. "Ecological implications for sustainable stormwater systems in the tallgrass prairie region." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/793.
Повний текст джерелаPierrakakis, Kyriakos. "The sustainable growth paradigm : implications for technology and policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52757.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-109).
While some scholars continue to insist that the concept of sustainability is vague and unwieldy, this thesis seeks to explore multidimensional elements of sustainability and seeks to offer an integrative, transdisciplinary approach to policy design for its attainment. Sustainability and the related concepts of development, globalization, and economic and environmental justice are interwoven with technological, social and institutional change, and with trade as drivers of the transformation of industrial and industrializing societies. The discussion begins by an analysis of the dominant existing models of economic growth and innovation and advances to the effects of economic growth on sustainability. Included is an analysis of the limits of the GDP growth paradigm, the effects of growth on the developed and the developing world and the relationship between economic growth and ecological collapse. The focus of analysis then shifts from the domestic to the international. Trade and the International Financial System are examined both with respect to their primary theories and characteristics, but also in relation to their effects to sustainability. The discussion is then concluded by an examination of the different policy options and analytical tools that could be employed for a transition to a more sustainable economic model.
by Kyriakos Pierrakakis.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Kurata, Masahiro. "Strategies for rapid seismic hazard mitigation in sustainable infrastructure systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31770.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Co-Chair: DesRoches, Reginald; Committee Co-Chair: Leon, Roberto T.; Committee Member: Craig, James I.; Committee Member: Goodno, Barry; Committee Member: White, Donald W. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Brodie, Paul J. "A framework for sustainable energy reduction in modern breweries." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/80108/1/Paul_Brodie_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVice, Michael Alexander Pringle. "Century City as a case study for Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10682.
Повний текст джерелаSouth Africa's developing cities are experiencing rapid urbanisation, particularly in the major metropolises. Infrastructural development is a prominent component of the South African economy, and has been allocated hundreds of billions of Rands by the budgetary council in the present political term of office (2009-2014).
Walsund, Emelie. "Geographical Information Systems as a Tool in Sustainable Urban Development." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21018.
Повний текст джерелаTota-Maharaj, Kiran. "Geothermal paving systems for urban runoff treatment and renewable energy efficiency." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4909.
Повний текст джерелаLévy, Romain (Romain Georges Jean). "Evolutionary supply chain risk management : transforming culture for sustainable competitive advantage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42928.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-94).
In today's fast-paced and turbulent global economy, the topic of risk management has gained significant interest in the business and academic world. However, in practice, risk management remains rather underdeveloped and often dealt with in an informal and reactive manner. To this end, we propose a comprehensive approach to supply chain risk management based on academic and business research and apply it to a company to develop a case study. We survey the state-of-the-art of supply chain risk management by exploring both the qualitative and quantitative sides of risk management in this thesis. We study in detail the reasons why risk is often neglected in organizations, and learn from several conceptual frameworks that have been proposed in the literature. On the more quantitative side, we explore tools that have been used or could be used for supply chain risk management, such as Decision Analysis or Real Options. We apply our proposed supply chain risk management framework to the case company, focusing primarily on qualitative methods. Data for the analysis is collected by way of semistructured interviews with business executives and relevant company documents. The results are presented to shed light on the current risk management practices at the company by highlighting their strengths and potential weaknesses. The research also draws from fields outside the normal realm of supply chain risk management. A policy perspective is taken to isolate important drivers of risk that lie beyond the direct control of organizations, such as political uncertainty and regulations. The objective is to promote a more proactive outlook in organizations to anticipate and exploit the uncertainty in the business environment. Similarly, a market perspective is used to articulate a novel way to uncover information asymmetry in the domain of risk management. Instead of simply pointing to asymmetry as an undesirable fact of business world, we propose two approaches that could be used for developing creative solutions, specifically, prediction markets and credit derivatives concepts. In conclusion, we argue that evolutionary risk management processes accompanied by a radical shift in business risk culture are required to achieve competitive advantage through supply chain risk management.
by Romain Lévy.
M.Eng.in Logistics
S.M.
Ponce, de León Baridó Paulina. "Making sustainability sustainable : passion and process in environmental management at IBM." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53059.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 111-118).
Sustainability is one of the greatest challenges we are faced with. To be successfully addressed, a variety of stakeholders, including business, must be involved. With this in mind, this thesis seeks to further our understanding of how a firm's response to sustainability can, in addition to making business sense, be effective and sustainable. This inevitably entails dealing with the classic tension between "passion" and "process." Therefore, the thesis explores how a balance between these two may be found by examining IBM's extensive and long-sustained environmental management experience. IBM has a recognized record of environmental responsibility that has matured over almost 40 years, surviving periods of great difficulty for the company. Its environmental sustainability program and its commitment to corporate responsibility, a continuum from legal and compliance activities to engagements that help the company develop value-creation opportunities, is clearly strategic. Its efforts - a combination of activities that address immediate and future business pressures - are in tune with what the literature considers to be "best practice" in environmental corporate sustainability. IBM's experience confirms both the importance of nourishing an emotional commitment to sustainability and of establishing a process - in its case, an environmental management system - that enables the company to systematically identify and manage the environmental impacts of its operations.
(cont.) On the one hand, its long-sustained record of environmental commitment, combined with its dedication to being a recognized environmental leader, has instilled a strong passion for sustainability across the company's organizations and employees. On the other hand, IBM's pursuit of a demonstrable record of performance, combined with a commitment to continuous improvement, has led to the development of a carefully designed, effective environmental management system. IBM seems to have optimized the balance between passion and process through a commitment to scientific, fact-based, decision-making, which has allowed the company to design and implement goals and procedures that will have the most impact given its resources and footprint.
by Paulina Ponce de León Baridó.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Blynn, Kelly (Kelly Mavis). "Accelerating bus electrification : enabling a sustainable transition to low carbon transportation systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115600.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 136-143).
With growing agreement that credible pathways to zero carbon electricity exist, many support the notion that widespread electrification of the transportation sector will be an essential strategy for meeting scientifically-based midcentury climate goals. While transit buses have a relatively small impact on greenhouse gas emissions, they have a larger impact on urban air quality, have commercially available in-service electric models, and have historically commercialized clean technologies that enabled deployment in the rest of the heavy duty vehicle sector. This thesis seeks to understand what factors hinder or enable transit agencies to go beyond initial pilots to largely or wholly electrify their fleets, with the goal of understanding potential policies and strategies that could accelerate such a transition, without inhibiting existing or expanded transit service that also plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions, in order to improve local air pollution and support accelerated electrification of trucks and other heavy duty vehicles. Using public transit fleets in California, Kentucky, and Massachusetts as case studies, this thesis utilizes quantitative total cost of ownership and well-to-wheels greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions analysis, and analysis of qualitative interviews with transit agency representatives to investigate the barriers, drivers, and potential solutions that could hinder or enable an accelerated yet sustainable transition to an electrified bus fleet. A total cost of ownership analysis reveals that electric buses may already be more cost effective than diesel buses in many case study utility service areas primarily due to fuel and maintenance cost savings, but are sensitive to key parameters such as annual mileage, electricity tariffs that vary widely by location, fossil fuel costs, policy context, and anticipated maintenance savings, and that cost savings from electric buses are likely to increase over time primarily due to anticipated reductions in battery costs and a faster increase in fossil fuel prices than electricity prices. While multiple agencies interviewed in California were planning to fully electrify their fleets, primarily due to political pressure and internal leadership, outside California where less supportive policies exist, fewer agencies were planning to procure additional electric buses, primarily due to high first cost and undesirable tradeoffs with maintaining or expanding transit service levels. Interview respondents reported other substantial barriers as well, such as oversubscribed discretionary grant programs, charging infrastructure costs, electricity costs, additional operational complexity, and performance uncertainty and risk, suggesting a need for multiple complementary policies to overcome these barriers and ensure agencies can transition to a new technology without impacting service. Important interventions identified include pursuing favorable electricity tariffs and electric charging infrastructure incentives through regulatory changes, and further leveraging limited public funds such as the Volkswagen settlement to develop low cost financing approaches similar to those utilized in the clean energy sector that can pledge anticipated operating savings to afford the incremental upfront cost. A set of complementary policies is then recommended to accelerate bus fleet electrification in each case study context, in order to achieve carbon reduction and air quality improvements for low income, urban communities without impacting transit service levels, and to help lead the way for the transition of other heavy duty fleets.
by Kelly Blynn.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Transportation
Shih, Alexander (Alexander En-Tzu). "The contribution of mobile telecommunication technology to sustainable development in selected countries in Africa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70869.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-150).
While most of the world's population resides in countries that are wealthy or developing, the rest reside in low-income and least developed countries (LDCs), left behind and growing more disconnected. At the same time, mobile phones are widely adopted in these underdeveloped areas and demonstrate potential for economic development. However, technological innovation and policies have often addressed narrow dimensions of poverty and development. Sustainable development, on the other hand, assesses the welfare of a country in its entirety. This then begs the question of how mobile telephony technology, given its pervasiveness, can be beneficial on a systemic and sustainable level. This document presents evidence that mobile phones can contribute to sustainable development in several ways. The focus is on selected countries in the sub-Saharan Africa region: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Nigeria, each of which is categorized as a LDC. The Sustainable Development framework is used to analyze data from case studies and existing technology, institutional and policy trends in the mobile telecommunication industry. The evidence from literature demonstrates that mobile initiatives focused on niche areas, such as banking and health, have benefited on the community level and improved operations within firms. Mobile industry policies have created a healthy system of innovation in these countries. However, environmental development has been secondary or even ignored. Thus, the recommendations focus on prioritizing sustainability, specific policies continuing diffusion and adoption, technology transfer mechanisms, increased robustness in data-tracking and countering external economic shocks. The data presented is not meant to be comprehensive nor complete. Consequently, suggested future work addresses short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategies. Specific areas include examining causal linkages for mobile phone adoption, designing technology initiatives around sustainability goals, and drivers that facilitate technology transfer. Mobile telecommunication technology offers real opportunities for development and growth in Africa. If the focus of development shifts from mere economic growth to sustainable development, countries can not only transform their economic fortunes but also enhance the quality of their environment.
by Alexander Shih.
S.M.in Engineering and Management, and, in Technology and Policy
Breckel, Alex Cade. "Regulating electricity and natural gas in Peru : solutions for a sustainable energy sector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90029.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-59).
Peru is one of the fastest growing countries in Latin America, thanks in part to industry fueled by generous endowments of hydro power capacity and natural gas reserves. However, investment in electricity generation capacity has not kept pace with the rapid increase in demand and threatens to stymie future economic growth. A flawed regulatory environment is to blame, and specific roadblocks to increased generation investments include a dysfunctional capacity payment system, low administratively determined gas prices, and structural barriers to investment in hydro. This thesis provides an overview of the design, functioning and historical context for energy regulation in Peru; identifies the key barriers to generation investment; analyzes two potential regulatory reforms; and recommends the specific reform that has the most promise for reigniting investment in hydro. Two reforms strike at the root of the current problem: The first, increasing the price of natural gas for power generators up to the economic netback value of LNG exports, would make hydro a viable investment but would hit consumers with very large increases in their electricity bills. An alternative approach, a reform to the capacity payment mechanism, could provide the same benefits in terms of drawing new generator investment but at a much lower cost to consumers. It would also offer benefits for regulatory discretion in the future evolution of the grid.
by Alex Cade Breckel.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Kursun, Berrin. "Towards Design of Sustainable Energy Systems in Developing Countries: Centralized and Localized Options." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373372115.
Повний текст джерелаVorster, Jacobus Adriaan. "Sustainable cooling alternatives for buildings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4114.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis was initiated by a Consulting Engineering Company (KV3) as a research project to investigate various options in which the efficiency and energy utilisation of conventional air conditioning systems may be enhanced by using alternative and renewable energy. Initially, eight options had been identified and through a process of determining the degree of commercialisation the alternative options were reduced to three. These options, referred to as the sustainable cooling alternatives, are active mass cooling, night flushing and roof cooling system. The roof cooling system comprised a roof-pond, roof-spray, pump and storage tank. The roof cooling system was mathematically and experimentally modelled. The roof cooling experiment was performed under a variety of weather conditions with the roof-pond and storage tank temperatures continuously recorded. The experimentally recorded temperatures were compared to the temperatures generated by the theoretical simulation calculations for the same input and weather conditions. Good agreement was found between the mathematical and experimental model. The largest discrepancy found between the simulated temperature and the experimental temperature was in the order of 1 ºC. A one-room building has been assumed to serve as a basis to which the sustainable cooling alternatives could be applied to for theoretical simulation. The one-room building had four façade walls and a flat roof slab. Night flushing, active mass cooling and the roof cooling system were applied to the one-room building such that the room air temperature and space cooling load could theoretically be simulated. The theoretical simulations were also repeated for the case where the roof-pond and roof-spray were applied as standalone systems to the one-room building. The theoretical simulation calculations were performed for typical summer weather conditions of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Under base case conditions and for a room thermostat setting of 22 ºC the peak cooling load of the one-room building was 74.73 W/m². With the application of night flushing between the hours of 24:00 and 07:00, the room cooling load was reduced by 5.2% by providing 3.9 W/m² of cooling and reducing the peak room temperature by 1.4 ºC. The active mass cooling system was modelled by supplying water at a constant supply temperature of 15 ºC to a pipe network embedded in the roof slab of the one-room building. The sea may typically be considered as a cold water source for buildings situated at the coast. The active mass cooling system reduced the peak cooling load of the one-room building by 50% by providing 37.2 W/m² of cooling and reducing the peak room temperature by 6.7 ºC. When the roof-spray and roof-pond systems were applied as standalone systems to the oneroom building, the peak cooling load of the one-room building could be reduced by 30% and 51% respectively. This is equivalent to 22.3 W/m² of peak cooling by the roof-spray and 38 W/m² of peak cooling by the roof-pond. The roof-spray reduced the peak room temperature by 3.71 ºC while the roof-pond reduced the peak room temperature by 5.9 ºC. Applying the roof cooling system to the one-room building produced 46 W/m² of peak cooling which resulted in a 61.1% reduction in peak cooling load. The roof cooling system reduced the peak temperature by 8 ºC. By comparing the sustainable cooling alternatives, the roof cooling system showed to be the most effective in reducing the one-room building peak cooling load. Over a 24 hour period the roof cooling system reduced the net heat entry to the one-room building by 57.3%. In a further attempt to reduce the peak cooling load, the sustainable cooling alternatives were applied in combinations to the one-room building. The combination of night flushing and roof-spray reduced the peak cooling load by 36% while a combination of night flushing and active mass cooling reduced the peak cooling load by 55%. Combining night flushing with the roof-pond also yielded a 55% peak cooling load reduction. The combination of roofpond, active mass cooling and night flushing provided 51 W/m² of cooling which corresponded to a 68% reduction in peak cooling load. Utilising the sustainable cooling alternatives in a combination in the one-room building gave improved results when compared to the case where the sustainable cooling alternatives were employed as standalone systems. It is illustrated by means of a sensitivity analysis that the ability of the roof cooling system to produce cool water is largely influenced by ambient conditions, droplet diameter and roofspray rate. Under clear sky conditions, an ambient temperature of 15 ºC, relative humidity of 80%, a roof-spray rate of 0.02 kg/sm² and a roof-pond water level of 100mm, water could be cooled at a rate of 113 W/m². The roof-spray energy contributed to 28 W/m² whilst the night sky radiation was responsible for 85 W/m² of the water cooling. It must however be noted that the water of the roof cooling system can never be reduced to a temperature that is lower than the ambient dew point temperature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis is geïnisieer deur ‘n Raadgewende Ingenieurs Maatskappy (KV3) as a navorsingsprojek om verskeie opsies te ondersoek waarmee die effektiwiteit en energie verbruik van konvensionele lugversorgingstelsels verbeter kan word deur middel van alternatiewe en hernubare energie. Agt opsies is oorspronglik geïdentifiseer en deur middel van ‘n proses waarby die graad van kommersialisering van hierdie alternatiewe maniere bepaal is, kon die opsies verminder word tot drie. Hierdie opsies, ook verwys na as die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe, sluit in aktiewe massa verkoeling, dakverkoeling en nagventilasie. Die dakverkoelingstelsel bestaan uit dakwater, ‘n dakspuit, ‘n pomp en ‘n stoortenk. Die dakverkoelingstelsel is wiskundig en eksperimenteel gemodelleer. Die dakverkoelingseksperiment is uitgevoer onder ‘n verskeidenheid van weersomstandighede. Die dakwater asook die stoortenk se water temperatuur is voortdurend aangeteken. Dieselfde weer- en insetkondisies is gebruik vir die simulasie berekening en die temperature van die stoortenk se water en die dakwater is vergelyk met die temperatuurlesings van die eksperimentele werk. Die temperature van die eksperimentele lesings het goed vergelyk met die temperatuur simulasie berekeninge. Die grootste verskil tussen die simulasie en eksperimentele temperatuur was in die orde grootte van 1 ºC. ‘n Een-kamer gebou is aangeneem om as basis te dien waarop die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe aangewend kon word vir teoretiese simulasie. Die een-kamer gebou het uit vier buite mure en ‘n horisontale beton dak bestaan. Nag ventilasie, aktiewe massa verkoeling en die dakverkoelingstelsel is toegepas op die een-kamer gebou en die kamer se verkoelingslas asook die kamer se lugtempertuur is teoreties gesimuleer. Die teoretiese simulasies is ook herhaal vir die geval waar die dakwater and dakspuitstelsel apart aangewend is op die een-kamer gebou. Die teoretiese simulasie berekeninge is uitgevoer vir tipiese somer weersomstandighede vir Stellenbosch, Suid Afrika. Onder basisgeval omstandighede, waar die een-kamer gebou gesimuleer is, sonder enige volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe en ‘n termostaat verstelling van 22 ºC, is die piek verkoelingslas bereken as 74.73 W/m². Met die toepassing van nagventilasie tussen die ure 24:00 en 07:00 was die piekverkoelingslas van die kamer verminder met 5.2% deur 3.9 W/m² se verkoeling te verskaf en die piekkamer temperatuur te verminder met 1.4 ºC. Aktiewe massa verkoeling is gesimuleer deur water teen ‘n konstante temperatuur van 15 ºC te verskaf aan ‘n pypnetwerk, geïnstalleer in the beton dak, van die een-kamer gebou. Geboue geleë aan die kus kan tipies seewater oorweeg as ‘n bron van koue water. Aktiewe massa verkoeling het die piekverkoelingslas van die een-kamer gebou verminder met 50% deur 37.2 W/m² se verkoeling te verskaf en die piekkamer temperatuur te verminder met 6.7 ºC. Wanneer die dakspuit- en dakwaterstelsel aangewend is op die een-kamer gebou as enkel staande stelsels, is die piekverkoelingslas verminder met 30% en 51% onderskeidelik. Dit is ekwivalent aan 22.3 W/m² se verkoeling vir die dakspuitstelsel en 38 W/m² se verkoeling vir die dakwaterstelsel. Die dakspuitstelsel het die piekkamer temperatuur verminder met 3.71 ºC terwyl die dakwaterstelsel ‘n 5.9 ºC verlaging in piekkamer temperatuur tot gevolg gehad het. Die dakverkoelingstelsel het 46 W/m² se piekverkoeling verskaf wat ‘n 61.1% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas tot gevolg gehad het. Die ooreenstemmende piek temperatuur vermindering is 8 ºC. Deur die verskeie volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe met mekaar te vergelyk, word getoon dat die dakverkoelingstelsel die mees effektiefste manier is om die een- kamer se piekverkoelingslas te verminder. Oor ‘n tydperk van 24 uur het die dakverkoelingstelsel die totale energievloei na die een-kamer gebou met 57.3% verminder. In ‘n verdere poging om die piekverkoelingslas te verminder, is die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe toegepas in kombinasies op die een-kamer gebou. Die kombinasie van nagventilasie met die dakspuitstelsel het die piekverkoelingslas met 36% verminder, terwyl ‘n kombinasie van nagventilasie en aktiewe massa verkoeling ‘n 55% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas tot gevolg gehad het. Die kombinasie van dakwater en nagventilasie het ook ‘n piekverkoelingslas vermindering van 55% teweeggebring. Die kombinasie van dakwater, aktiewe massa verkoeling en nagventilasie het 51 W/m² se verkoeling veskaf, wat ooreenstem met ‘n 68% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas. Deur die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe in kombinasies toe te pas op die een-kamer gebou, kon beter resultate verkry word toe dit vergelyk is met die geval waar die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe as enkelstaande stelsels toegepas is. Dit is geïllustreer deur middel van ‘n sensitiwiteitsanalise dat die vermoë van die dakverkoelingstelsel om koue water te produseer, beïnvloed word deur buitelug kondisies, waterdruppel deursnee en dakspuit massa vloeitempo. Onder die oop hemelruimteomstandighede, ‘n buitelug temperatuur van 15 ºC, ‘n relatiewe humiditeit van 80%, ‘n dakspuit massa vloeitempo van 0.02 kg/sm² en dakwatervlak van 100 mm, kon water verkoel word teen ‘n tempo van 113 W/m². Die dakspuit gedeelte het 28 W/m² bygedra terwyl die nagruim radiasie sowat 85 W/m² se verkoeling verskaf het. Daar moet egter kennis geneem word dat die water temperatuur van die dakverkoelingstelsel nooit verminder kan word tot onder die buitelug doupunttemperatuur nie.
Srivastava, Amrita S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Challenges in creating online courses and establishing a measure of their efficacy with an example of MIT's course in Sustainable Energy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106268.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-101).
Online education is changing traditional models of learning both in schools and the outside world. The developments of learning pedagogies and technology have also contributed to the adoption of online education. Some benefits of online education include the immense variety of content, lower costs, higher flexibility, increased interaction, and easy access. This is substantiated by the steady rise in student enrollment and the use of either Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) or Blended Courses in institutions. However there is a growing sense of skepticism for MOOCs owing to low retention, and less control over the learning process and educators prefer the adoption of a blended model for their courses. The report details the research conducted leading to the selection of a blended learning approach for MIT's course in "Sustainable Energy" (1.818/2.65/10.391/11.371/22.811/ESD.166). The report outlines a design blueprint to create an online course. Some of the components of design are identifying the key tenets of learning that improve knowledge and skill, suitable learning pedagogies to transform the content for an online course, understanding the system behaviors, and our experimentation with the edX Platform. This end goal of this report is to create a template to help instructors and designers in creating an online course on the edX platform.
by Amrita Srivastava.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
Storm, Andrew P. (Andrew Phillip). "Leveraging global operations innovation to create sustainable competitive advantage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44297.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
High fixed costs and the emergence of globalization have forced traditional domestic automotive mass producers to the brink of bankruptcy. This thesis focuses on the global growth strategy of a Tier 1 automotive supplier and examines causal relationships between that strategy and the system stakeholders who execute and support it. The literature review examines current research to illustrate the benefit of approaching globalization with a process-driven, systems-based mindset. Current literature offers insight into improved financial measures that traditional mass producing firms can employ to streamline decision making and shift the mindset of leaders to engage employees, suppliers, and customers around a long-term systems based operating strategy. The thesis is based upon three core experiences the author had at American Axle to illustrate the importance of systems-based operations innovation. The literature review in conjunction with the internship experience is used to illustrate opportunities for American Axle to improve its operating strategy. The paper highlights traditional approaches currently used inside the company and offers solutions to change employee behavior throughout American Axle's global manufacturing system. The thesis examines behaviors, metrics, and results often seen in an absorption cost environment where there are weak operational controls and non-standard corporate scorecards. Using current research and professional industry experience, I will argue robust operational controls and metrics, aligned with an overarching systems approach that considers the long term implications of today's decisions, are essential components to the viable, long term success of any global enterprise.
Andrew P. Storm.
S.M.
M.B.A.
Lorentzen, Stefan Mørenskog. "Sustainable water- and energy systems in buildings : A qualitative study on how water- and energy systems can be designed sustainably in new buildings, using BREEAM certificaiton as a tool." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36880.
Повний текст джерелаPerlman, Rachel Martha Katims. "Identifying sustainable organic management systems in urban India : case study of Pune, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103574.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 182-191).
With increasing population and per-capita capita waste generation, cities in India and other developing countries are seeking alternative strategies to manage the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an effort to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase environmental performance. This thesis aims to explore the tradeoffs of various organic waste management strategies in the urban Indian context, specifically using a case study analysis of the waste system in the city of Pune. Door-to-door, primary, and secondary collection and four technologies for treating organics (landfilling, composting, anaerobic digestion, and pelletization) are analyzed with regard to cost and environmental performance. Because decentralized waste system architectures minimize transportation and allows wastepickers to maintain jobs, particular emphasis is made in this thesis to understand the cost and environmental implications treatment at a range of scales. To determine the quantity and composition of waste, we conducted waste audits of MSW that was collected from 2,650 households during two different seasons. Per-capita MSW generation in Pune was found to be 134, 309, and 401 grams/day for the lower, middle, and upper income residents, respectively. Of these totals, 80%, 66%, and 69% of the MSW was biodegradable. Given that middle and upper income residents generate 2.3 to 3 times what lower income residents generate, India can expect to see a significant increase in waste volumes as its population becomes wealthier. By comparing the spatial footprints of the technologies at a range of scales, it was found that pelletization of organic MSW (although it is not a fully developed technology) has great potential to reduce the spatial footprint of organic waste management. Cost modeling is used to identify the drivers of cost for each process and to identify the leastcost options. The cost per ton of waste managed using anaerobic digestion, composting, and pelletization decreases significantly with larger scale of treatment. Alternative organics management technologies used at small scales (less than 0.5 TPD) are more expensive than landfilling; however, if a facility of at least 0.5 TPD is used, anaerobic digestion is less expensive than landfilling. Pelletization and composting become less expensive than landfilling at the scale of 5 TPD and 200 TPD, respectively. Although the average cost of centralized organic waste systems is lower, the difference in cost between the lowest-cost decentralized systems and lowest-cost centralized systems was relatively small. A review of the relevant literature is used to identify the global warming impacts of organic waste processing. The global warming potential (GWP) of anaerobic digestion, pelletization, composting, and landfilling is estimated to be -51, -42, 38, and 510 kg CO-eq/ton, respectively. A city looking to minimize its contribution to global warming could achieve significant reductions in emissions by biodigesting food waste and peltetizing yard waste. Such systems would have a net greenhouse gas emissions savings of over 750 tons CO2-eq each year. Of the technologies assessed, anaerobic digestion (at scales of 5 TPD or larger) has the best combination of cost and GWP performance. However, because woody material cannot be digested, pelletization (at 10 TPD plants) has the best combination of cost and GWP performance specifically for handling yard waste. These findings suggest that for handling organic MSW, anaerobic digestion in combination with pelletization produces the best combination of cost and GWP performance.
by Rachel Martha Katims Perlman.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Ono, Masahiro S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Energy-efficient control of a smart grid with sustainable homes based on distributing risk." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70413.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-145).
The goal of this thesis is to develop a distributed control system for a smart grid with sustainable homes. A central challenge is how to enhance energy efficiency in the presence of uncertainty. A major source of uncertainty in a smart grid is intermittent energy production by renewable energy sources. In the face of global climate change, it is crucial to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and shift to renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. However, a large-scale introduction of wind and solar generation to an electrical grid poses a significant risk of blackouts since the energy supplied by the renewables is unpredictable and intermittent. The uncertain behavior of renewable energy sources increases the risk of blackouts. Therefore, an important challenge is to develop an intelligent control mechanism for the electrical grid that is both reliable and efficient. Uncertain weather conditions and human behavior pose challenges for a smart home. For example, autonomous room temperature control of a residential building may occasionally make the room environment uncomfortable for residents. Autonomous controllers must be able to take residents' preferences as an input, and to control the indoor environment in an energy-efficient manner while limiting the risk of failure to meet the residents' requirements in the presence of uncertainties. In order to overcome these challenges, we propose a distributed robust control method for a smart grid that includes smart homes as its building components. The proposed method consists of three algorithms: 1) market-based contingent energy dispatcher for an electrical grid, 2) a risk-sensitive plan executive for temperature control of a residential building, and 3) a chance-constrained model-predictive controller with a probabilistic guarantee of constraint satisfaction, which can control continuously operating systems such as an electrical grid and a building. We build the three algorithms upon the chance-constrained programming framework: minimization of a given cost function with chance constraints, which bound the probability of failure to satisfy given state constraints. Although these technologies provide promising capabilities, they cannot contribute to sustainability unless they are accepted by the society. In this thesis we specify policy challenges for a smart grid and a smart home, and discuss policy options that gives economical and regulatory incentives for the society to introduce these technologies on a large scale.
by Masahiro Ono.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
McKenney, Kurtis G. (Kurtis Gifford) 1979. "Sustainable approach to achieving energy efficiency in manufacturing operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73387.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76).
Energy management in industrial facilities is becoming increasingly popular as firms attempt to become more environmentally responsible and reduce cost by improving operational efficiency. Raytheon is a leader in their industry in energy management, and they view the initiative as a way to become more competitive along with being environmentally responsible. The goal of this project was to develop a framework for achieving sustainable cost reduction in production operations through energy efficiency. The energy efficiency framework will build off the existing lean and six sigma tools and philosophies in an attempt to accelerate acceptance and deployment by using a common language and proven methods in the company and industry. A 1.6 million square foot manufacturing facility at Raytheon IDS consumed $13 million of energy (90% electric) in 2010, 75% of which was consumed directly by production equipment. The equipment is diffuse, highly specialized, and used in "high mix, low volume" manufacturing. The challenge with improving production energy efficiency in this environment is that it requires a combination of technology improvements, processes modifications, and changes in the way employees conduct their work every day. The project's success relied on cross-functional (i.e., operations, engineering, and facilities) engagement from senior management to front-line operators. To sustain results, energy performance metrics were designed to keep production area leaders engaged and allow management to set progressive goals over time and reward success. The proposed metrics use a combination of tracked energy use and a "best practice" scorecard that promotes proactive engagement. Lean "Energy Gemba Walks" were initiated to generate and manage best practices and to share knowledge among production areas. The implementation phase of the pilot project (October and November 2011) resulted in an 18% energy reduction compared with the average for the year. Meanwhile, production output and total labor hours were up 18% and 11%, respectively, during the pilot, while the product mix remained constant throughout the year. The improvements, if sustained, correspond to a $74,000 per year cost savings in the pilot area.
by Kurtis McKenney.
S.M.
M.B.A.
Thompson, Anthony. "Towards Sustainability-driven Innovation through Product Service Systems." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00473.
Повний текст джерелаHellberg, Madeleine. "Planning and implementing sustainable urban drainage systems in the built environment." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82068.
Повний текст джерелаVår planet står inför många stora utmaningar, där klimatförändringar och urbanisering är två av dessa. En av utmaningarna med avseende på klimatförändringarna är den ökade mängden av nederbörd och extrema regntillfällen, vilka bidrar till större mängder dagvatten i urbana områden och en ökad risk för översvämningar. Urbaniseringen och det ökande antalet invånare globalt sätter press på miljön eftersom mer landyta exploateras och nuvarande urbana områden fortsätter att bebyggas och förtätas. De urbana områdena har redan stora utmaningar med att hantera riskerna med klimatförändringarna. Klimatanpassning är därför viktigt för att skapa mer resilienta och hållbara urbana områden, där dagvattenhanteringen är en av utmaningarna som behöver hanteras. Målet med denna studie är att besvara en övergripande forskningsfråga och tre underliggande forskningsfrågor om möjliggörare, barriärer och nyckelfaktorer gällande planering, design och implementering av hållbara urbana dagvattensystem i den bebyggda miljön. Metoderna som användes var litteraturstudie och multipel fallstudie. Arbetet började med litteraturstudien och sedan genomfördes en fallstudie där fem områden som implementerat hållbara urbana dagvattensystem undersöktes. Lärdomar från varje område sammanställdes och kopplades samman med den andra litteraturen för att besvara forskningsfrågorna. Utifrån litteraturen och fallstudierna sammanställdes rekommendationer för hur ett hållbart urbant dagvattensystem kan planeras och implementeras inom ett utvalt studieområde, vilket är Välsviken i Karlstad, Sverige. För att åstadkomma ett hållbart och resilient urbant dagvattensystem, som kan hantera utmaningarna gällande klimatförändringar och urbanisering, är det viktigt att planeringsprocessen för dagvatten ändras. Det är viktigt att implementera anläggningar och system som är hållbara, multifunktionella och flexibla. Planeringsprocessen behöver använda planerings- och kostandsmetoder som inkluderar översvämningsanpassning och sidofördelar, både långsiktigt och kortsiktigt samtidigt. Man behöver också möjliggöra implementering av hållbara urbana dagvattensystem i nya områden eller anpassa områden som redan är bebyggda. Detta kan bidra till att skapa urbana områden som kan hantera klimatförändringarnas och urbaniseringens utmaningar, och skapa multifunktionella, hållbara och översvämningssäkrade områden.
Teipel, Elisa. "From waste to resource| a systems-based approach to sustainable community development through equitable enterprise and agriculturally-derived polymeric composites." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635932.
Повний текст джерелаRural communities in developing countries are most vulnerable to the plight of requiring repeated infusions of charitable aid over time. Micro-business opportunities that effectively break the cycle of poverty in resource-rich countries in the developing world are limited. However, a strong model for global commerce can break the cycle of donor-based economic supplements and limited local economic growth. Sustainable economic development can materialize when a robust framework combines engineering with the generous investment of profits back into the community. This research presents a novel, systems-based approach to sustainable community development in which a waste-to-resource methodology catalyzes the disruption of rural poverty.
The framework developed in this thesis was applied to the rural communities of Cagmanaba and Badian, Philippines. An initial assessment of these communities showed that community members are extremely poor, but they possess an abundant natural resource: coconuts. The various parts of the coconut offer excellent potential value in global commerce. Today the sale of coconut water is on the rise, and coconut oil is an established $3 billion market annually that is also growing rapidly.
Since these current industries harvest only two parts of the coconut (meat and water), the 50 billion coconuts that grow annually leave behind approximately 100 billion pounds of coconut shell and husk as agricultural waste. Coconuts thus provide an opportunity to create and test a waste-to-resource model. Intensive materials analysis, research, development, and optimization proved that coconut shell, currently burned as a fuel or discarded as agricultural waste, can be manufactured into high-grade coconut shell powder (CSP), which can be a viable filler in polymeric composites.
This framework was modeled and tested as a case study in a manufacturing facility known as a Community Transformation Plant (CTP) in Cagmanaba, Philippines. The CTP enables local creation of globally viable products from agricultural waste. This researcher seeks to encourage the propagation of CTPs throughout developing communities worldwide, each profiting from its own waste-to-resource value.
Bauner, David. "Towards a sustainable automotive industry : experiences from the development of emission control systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell dynamik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4630.
Повний текст джерелаSedan mitten av 1970-talet har utsläppen av kolmonoxid, kolväten och kväveoxider från bensindrivna personbilar reducerats genom samordnad utveckling av lagstiftning och kommersiell introduktion av katalytisk avgasrening, som nu är en del av hundratals miljoner bilar, lastbilar och bussar över hela jorden. Denna avhandling är en disaggregerad studie av den i det närmaste globala introduktionen av katalytisk avgasrening för fordon, som åtgärd för att minska lokala luftföroreningar. Introduktionen av ”trevägskatalysatorn” för bensinbilar studeras i fyra länder. Pågående innovation för dieselavgasrening studeras. Teknisk förändring analyseras med avseende på innovationsprocessen, innovationssystemet och dess respektive intressenter. Resultaten används för att analysera konsekvenser för styrmedel för att åtgärda miljöproblem i vardande. Fordonskatalys är ett exempel på en miljömotiverad innovation, inklusive problemdefinition, lagkrav, företagens marknadsstrategier och marknadspåverkan, innovation, utbud och urval, tekniköverföring, storskalig spridning samt den fortlöpande ömsesidiga utvecklingen av teknik och policy för att reducera emissioner. Gemensamma nämnare för exempel på lyckosamma introduktionsprocesser är en inkluderande dialog kring etappvisa lagkrav, internationell konkurrens, stöd och samarbete i internationella nätverk samt en tydlig opinion för förändring. Introduktionen av trevägskatalysatorn var och är komplex och beroende av lokal kontext och regionala villkor. Kommande ”globala” teknikförändringar måste utvecklas med en förståelse för varje enskild nation eller marknad och dess specifika barriärer och drivkrafter för miljömotiverad innovation. Givet intressenter och tekniska utmaningar i olika teknologiska regimer med potential att reducera klimatförändringar är ökad bränsleeffektivisering och introduktion av s.k. plug-in-hybrider möjliga utvecklingsvägar för hållbar mobilitet.
Desde los años 70 y adelante, la contribución a la polución atmosférica de emisiones de monóxido de carbono, hidrocarburos y óxidos de nitrógeno proveniente de la combustión de los autos a gasolina, ha sido mitigado, por co-evolución entre regulación e introducción comercial de sistemas catalíticos de control de emisiones. Esos sistemas ahora forman parte de cientos de millones de autos, camiones y buses en todo el mundo. La presente tesis es un estudio desagregado de la introducción cerca de global de sistemas de control de emisiones catalíticos, como medida para reducir la contaminación atmosférica local. Se examina el proceso de introducción del convertidor catalítico “de tres vías” para autos a gasolina en cuatro países. Se estudia la innovación presente en el área de sistemas de control de emisiones de motores diesel. El cambio tecnológico es analizado viendo el proceso y el sistema de innovación y los distintos grupos de interés. Los resultados se usan para analizar las implicaciones en cuanto a innovación y política de regulación para enfrentar los desafíos medioambientales actuales. Catálisis automotriz es un ejemplo de innovación motivado ambientalmente, incluyendo definición del problema, regulación pública, estratégicas corporativas dentro y fuera de mercado, variedad, selección, transferencia de tecnología, difusión masiva y la coevolución continuo entre política de reducción de emisiones y desarrollo tecnológico. Denominaciones comunes para innovaciones exitosas, tecnológicas o de mercado, son un diálogo dinámico sobre planes de regulación estructurados en etapas, competición internacional, apoyo y coordinación de redes internacionales, y opinión local beneficiario. La introducción global del catalizador de tres vías fue compleja y altamente relacionada con el contexto local y condiciones locales, sugiriendo que estrategias “globales” de innovación y regulación para tratar los desafíos de hoy y mañana deben ser diseñados con entendimiento de factores locales a favor y en contra para innovación ambientalmente motivado. Dado los grupos de interés, los desafíos tecnológicos y las trayectorias presentes en el área de mitigación del cambio climático, se concluye que el aumento de uso eficiente de combustible y la introducción de vehículos híbridos enchufables (plug- in) son alternativas viables para el transporte sustentable.
(japanese) 1970年代の中頃から今日に至るまで,先進国においては,自動車触媒技術の導入と規制との相互作用によって、ガソリン乗用車から排出される一酸化炭素CO,炭化水素HC,窒素酸化物NOxによる大気汚染への寄与率は減少している。現在では、この自動車触媒はディーゼル乗用車、トラックやバスなどを含めて何億台もの自動車で使われている。 この論文は,各地域での大気汚染を解決する手段としての触媒の地球規模での導入に関する調査研究である。ガソリン乗用車への三元触媒導入の過程を4か国比較で行うと共に,現在取り組まれているディーゼル機関の排出ガス制御についても研究した。これらの例の技術革新について、その内容を、技術革新に係る利害関係者(ステークスホルダー)の観点から技術の変革について分析した。これらの結果から,将来の環境問題に対応するためのイノベーションと規制に関する政策への示唆を行なった。 自動車用触媒は,問題定義,規制,市場原理に基づくないしは市場原理に基づかない戦略,開発,多様性,選択,技術移転,技術普及,そして今もなお進化する排出ガス削減に関する規制(政策)と技術開発との相乗効果,等々を含んだ「環境保護に起因する技術革新」の良い例である。 技術革新、および普及の成功例に共通していることは, 1. 構造的かつ段階的な「目標へのロードマップ」を巡る相方向の会話, 2. 国際競争力, 3. 国際的ネットワークによるサポート, 4. 地域社会に支持された意見, 等が挙げられる。 三元触媒の導入はほぼ全世界に及ぶが,その過程は複雑で、地域(国)の事情に強く依存する。つまり、現在または未来の、各国(地域的)または地球規模の問題に焦点を当てた「世界的」技術革新や規制戦略は、地域よって異なる障害の存在や、環境保護の視点に立った技術革新を推進する潜在力への理解なしには成り立たないことを意味するのである。 気候変動を緩和するための様々な技術体系からの技術的挑戦および関係者(ステークスホルダー)の意見を考慮すると,燃費向上とプラグイン・ハイブリッドの導入が,交通部門における持続可能な発展への道のりであると言える。
QC 20100517
Opdyke, Aaron. "Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructure Systems| A Comparative Analysis of Post-Disaster Shelter Coordination, Stakeholder Participation, and Training." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10617829.
Повний текст джерелаSustainable infrastructure that is used and maintained by communities over time, and resilient to hazards, is sorely needed in developing countries where natural disasters cause disproportionate damages and mortality as well as impede development efforts. Shelter is universally recognized as a foundational element of disaster recovery; and while its ability to provide protection from the elements is a core function, it also affords broader social and economic benefits. Unfortunately, conventional approaches in post-disaster shelter reconstruction focus primarily on rapid and recognizable results over long-term outcomes, perpetuating pre-existing vulnerabilities and failing to provide acceptable standards of service. There exists a need to better understand how shelter recovery processes employed by stakeholders lead to eventual infrastructure system outcomes. This research longitudinally analyzed 19 humanitarian shelter projects following Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines over a three-year period, seeking to answer the overarching research question of what combinations of coordination, stakeholder participation and training across project delivery phases lead to resilient and sustainable community infrastructure systems? A multi-method approach consisting of case study methods and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was employed to analyze the impact of combinations of project processes in leading to infrastructure outcomes. This research (1) identified key factors influencing inter-organizational coordination in post-disaster contexts; (2) identified types of household participation that arise in shelter projects and analyzed their impact on project outcomes; (3) identified methods of construction training used in shelter projects and their impact on household knowledge acquisition; and (4) analyzed combinations of coordination, participation, and training across the planning, design, and construction phases of shelter projects that led to infrastructure resilience and sustainability, in isolation and combination. The results contribute to understanding of shelter processes and organizing structures necessary for resilient and sustainable systems, building theory of reconstruction process pathways. Practically, findings can aid practitioners identify more effective modalities of delivering shelter assistance in post-disaster humanitarian response.
Akoore, A. (Alfred). "Sustainable energy systems for rural communities:sizing of a digester for energy generation from farm and food waste." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811072972.
Повний текст джерелаKestävien ja hajautettujen energiajärjestelmien kehittäminen maaseutuyhteisöille energiavarmuuden tukemiseksi on polku tulevaisuuteen. Tämä opinnäytetyö tehtiin osana Renewable Community Empowerment in Northern Territories (RECENT) -hanketta, joka oli rahoitettu Northern Periphery and the Arctic Programme (NPA) -ohjelmasta. RECENT-hankkeen perimmäinen tavoite on ollut lisätä maaseutuyhteisöjen energiatietoisuutta hyödyntämällä paikallisesti runsaita energialähteitä. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli analysoida ja mitata maatalouden biomassan energiapotentiaalia ja selvittää työssä ehdotettujen ratkaisujen kestävyyttä. Triangel-lomakeskus on Oulun maaseudulle perusteilla oleva hiljaisuuden keskus, jonka mökkien energiankulutusta tämä diplomityö mitoitti. Opinnäytetyö selvitti myös biokaasulaitoksen taloudellista toteutettavuutta sen elinkykyisyyden määrittämiseksi. Hajautettujen energiaratkaisujen osalta biokaasulaitos auttaisi parantamaan paikallista energiaomavaraisuutta siirtohäviöiden puuttumisen vuoksi. Kahta tutkimuskysymystä tutkittiin kriittisesti kokeellisessa osassa osana opinnäytetyötä. Nämä tutkimuskysymykset liittyivät läheisesti hankkeen ydinarvoihin: Mitkä ovat biokaasulaitoksen sosiaalisten, taloudellisten ja ympäristötekijöiden kestävyyteen liittyvät asiat? Onko laitos realistisesti kykenevä kattamaan Triangel-lomakeskuksen maksimienergiantarpeet? Opinnäytetyö koostuu kahdesta osasta, teoreettisesta ja kokeellisesta, jotta saatiin tarkoituksenmukaisia ratkaisuja esitettyihin kysymyksiin. Nämä kaksi osaa selvittivät hankkeelle kriittisiä asioita. Teoreettisessa osassa kartoitettiin kestävää maaseutumatkailumatkailua. Uusiutuvien energiamuotojen suuntauksia Suomen energiasektorilla tarkasteltiin, ja paikallista energiatilannetta arvioitiin, mukaan lukien energiavarojen runsaus Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla. Työssä tehtiin yleiskatsaus anaerobisen mädättämön toimintaan ja verrattiin sitä Triangelin biokaasulaitokseen. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin bioenergian tuotantoa koskevia poliittisia säädöksiä, taloudellisia avustuksia (kuten syöttötariffeja) sekä biokaasulaitosten ympäristölupia Suomessa. Kokeellinen osa alkoi pilottiyhteisön kuvauksella eli tutkittavan alueen nykyisen ja tulevan tilanteen selvittämisellä. Biomassan saatavuus Triangel-matkailukeskuksessa analysoitiin ja sen biokaasupotentiaali arvioitiin. Bioreaktorit mitoitettiin lähtöaineiden saatavuuden ja ominaisuuksien perusteella. Tämän opinnäytetyön biokaasulaitoksen käyttämiä raaka-aineita olivat lehmän liete, joka on odotettavissa 50 naudasta, energiakasvit 60 hehtaarin viljelyalueelta sekä ruokajätteet hotellista ja mökeistä. Raaka-aineen kokonaismäärän arvioitiin olevan noin 1000 tonnia vuodessa ja kokonaistilavuuden noin 3 800 m³ vuodessa. Triangel-lomakeskuksessa on kaksikymmentä mökkiä, kymmenen pientä ja kymmenen suurta, joiden arvioitiin olevan pinta-alaltaan yhteensä noin 1 350 m². Mökkien lämmitysenergian tarve 50% ja 100% käyttöastella olisi 89 MWh vuodessa ja 179 MWh vuodessa, vastaavasti. Mökkien kokonaissähkönkulutuksen arvioitiin olevan 36 MWh vuodessa. Raaka-aineen teoreettisen biometaanimäärän arvioitiin olevan vuosittain 38 094 m³ ja energiaekvivalentin noin 380 MWh vuodessa sekä lämmön että sähkön osalta. Biokaasulaitoksen energiantuotantokapasiteetin odotettiin kattavan noin 100 prosenttia Triangelin mökkien energiantarpeista. Hankkeen kestävyysarviointi osoitti hankkeen olevan ympäristön kannalta kestävä. Biokaasulaitoksen investointien takaisinmaksuaika oli arviolta noin 8,4 vuotta. Hankkeen hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämispotentiaalin arvioitiin olevan noin 87,3 tonnia vuodessa ja 1 700 tonnia hankkeen 20 vuoden elinkaaren aikana
Mulvaney, Kathleen Mara. "Translating international commitments to domestic action : Mercury co-benefits, sustainable development, and climate policy in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111243.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-89).
National commitments on the Paris Agreement on climate change interact with other global environment and sustainability objectives, such as the Minamata Convention on Mercury and the global Sustainable Development Goals. Understanding the interactions between climate change, air pollution, and sustainable development can help decision-makers identify more effective policies that can address environmental and economic goals simultaneously. To address environmental goals, I assess how mercury co-benefits (positive side effects that are peripheral to a policy's main goal) of a national climate policy in China could contribute to the country's commitments under the Minamata Convention. I examine climate policy scenarios in 2030 corresponding to various levels of carbon intensity reductions in addition to a business-as-usual scenario and an end-of-pipe control scenario that meets China's commitments under the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Economic analysis from a computable general equilibrium model of China's economy provides information on changes in economic activity resulting from the climate policy scenarios. Using the economic data from this model, I scale 2007 mercury emissions in a variety of sectors to 2030.
I then use a global atmospheric transport model to project changes in mercury deposition at the regional scale in China for each policy scenario. I find that climate policy in China can provide mercury emissions and deposition co-benefits similar to end-of-pipe control policies that meet the country's Minamata Convention commitments. To address sustainable development goals, I investigate the use of the Inclusive Wealth Index for evaluating the sustainability of climate policy in China on the basis of produced capital, natural capital, and human capital at the provincial level. I find that most provinces in China exhibit an increase in Inclusive Wealth under several climate policy scenarios, providing an alternative metric for monetizing policy impacts.
by Kathleen Mara Mulvaney.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Prout, Jonathan (Jonathan Paul). "A data-driven approach to vendor rationalization and engagement for sustainable supply chains." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105630.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-78).
Demands for shorter lead times and smaller order quantities, a greater emphasis on sustainable sourcing, and better management of supply chain risks are challenges Li & Fung is addressing by reshaping its relationship with its vendor base. The current work seeks to develop a data-driven approach for vendor base rationalization and vendor engagement as part of a larger initiative within the company to move from transactional vendor relationships to ones of greater collaboration and support. The primary contribution of this project is to provide Li & Fung with a rationalization and engagement methodology that leverages vendor performance and capability data collected by Li & Fung, as well as the author's own on-site observations of vendors, to address three main topic areas: vendor evaluation, vendor selection, and vendor engagement. 1. Vendor evaluation addresses the question of how Li & Fung measures the performance of vendors. This is an important aspect of vendor rationalization because the performance parameters used to evaluate the vendors are the behaviors that are promoted. A balanced scorecard taking into account a variety of performance considerations is presented as the tool to evaluate vendor performance. 2. Vendor selection addresses the question of how Li & Fung decides which vendors to continue to do business with and to what extent. These are essential questions to answer because the strength of the supply chain depends on the strength of the links in that chain. Two data streams providing a holistic picture of a vendor's historical performance, production capacity, production capabilities, and engagement level are used to select the right mix of vendors fit for the business's needs. 3. Vendor engagement addresses the question of how to build vendor relationships in a way that provides mutual incentive and benefits in improving performance and profitability over time. Presented as the foundation for this relationship is a vendor engagement package, which includes an objective set of performance data to monitor the vendor over time. It is through this vendor engagement package that Li & Fung exercises its influence to commit vendors to improvement plans aligned with business goals. The short-term accomplishment of the work was to successfully implement the rationalization methodology on a pilot product category within an operating group to reduce the vendor base from 39 to 19 and to identify three vendors for strategic partnerships. The long-term accomplishment of the work was to provide a robust vendor rationalization and engagement methodology that can be improved upon over time and applied across the remainder of the product categories within the operating group.
by Jonathan Prout.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
M.B.A.
Turskaya, Anna A. "Applicability of the Inclusive Wealth Index as a measure of sustainable development for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115032.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-115).
Following UNEP's global assessment of nations' sustainable development in 2012 and 2014, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI) growth per capita has been negative. This study evaluates the extent to which the Inclusive Wealth Index is applicable to the nation. The study evaluates the method and makes new contributions for Saudi Arabia by adding components that had been omitted in the initial assessment, such as fisheries and minerals. The stocks for the fossil fuels had been changed to represent technically recoverable reserves, addressing the current paradox of increasing reserves. The global database sources are replaced with the local Saudi for 1999 until 2013. As a result, the new IWI is found to be closer to the 2014 report in absolute numbers and in comparable in the relative figures to the 2012 report, representing a still negative, unsustainable growth. The second part of the study looks at adapting the Inclusive Wealth Index to a subnational level, revealing large regional discrepancies between the Eastern Province and the Central regions, such as Mecca, Riyadh and Medina.
by Anna Turskaya.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Fortin, Sean (Sean Dubé). "Change management, production ramp up and the sustainable supply chain in the transportation industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49783.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
The ramp up phase is always the most risky part of any project, especially with a product material the company and its partners have very little experience with. One result of this lack of experience is frequent engineering changes to address design corrections and improvements. High levels of change create uncertainty within both the supply chain and the engineering change management systems. Just as a supplier may not be able to meet production requirements, elements of the change process may not be sufficiently flexible to account for the level of change the project experiences during production ramp up. A study of Bus Solution Systems' (BSS) Super Hotel Coach (SHC) program change management system will show that unsuitable change management system processes can cause downstream delays just as unsuitable supply chain strategy can cause the same. This thesis details a situation where the SHC program's Materials Management Department (MMD) was having difficulty with visibility into the change management system. As a result of the situation, SHC MMD did not have the ability to order parts on time. The effect was that there were an increased number of parts needed for manufacturing jobs but were not in stock, and sometimes yet to be ordered. The ultimate result of this problem, and the multitude of other problems impacting the SHC not investigated in this thesis, was a bus program that was 2 years behind schedule in early 2009.
(cont.) This thesis aims to correct the SHC MMD engineering change visibility issue by examining the current state of the engineering change process through a shortage part case study and by applying supply chain management strategy principles to extract part ordering information from the SHC General Engineering Change Process earlier. This thesis also proposes a long term systematic solution that would help prevent shortages from occurring in the future. The intent of the recommendation is to reduce the chance of shortage occurrences so as to prevent further delay of the SHC program.
by Sean Fortin.
S.M.
M.B.A.
Bradley, Ryan T. "A Framework for Sustainable Material Selection for Multi-Generational Components." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/61.
Повний текст джерелаPelegrin, Alvarez Lorena. "Teamwork phenomena : exploring path dependency and learning in teams during architectural design of sustainable maritime shipping systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118531.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 133-134).
The systems that we are attempting to build today are becoming increasingly complex, as we ask for more function, more performance, more robustness, more flexibility, and more interconnectedness. At the same time, design and implementation of these systems is becoming a highly collaborative process across countries, cultures and goals, driving an increase of interfaces, interaction, and concurrency of work, ultimately adding complexity to the way teams work. In the face of both increased product complexity and organizational complexity, project teams need to be equipped with processes and tools that enhance their individuals' and collective cognitive abilities. Recent developments in social science research about teamwork indicate that individual intelligence, personality, or skill, matter less than the pattern of idea flow in a team: the characteristics of higher performing groups are a large number of ideas, dense interactions, and diversity of ideas. Also, this body of research argues that the number of opportunities for social learning is often the largest single factor in company productivity. Social learning is learning happens when people learn from one another. How is this body of research relevant to engineering design teams? Can we think about social learning happening in multi-stakeholder, design workshops? What are the signals of social learning in such settings? Can we detect those signals and find patterns? This thesis project has initiated the development of a new class of teamwork experiments concerned with exploring the dynamics of engineering teams during the early stages of architecture selection in design of complex systems. In contrast to much of the teamwork research available, this class of teamwork research is model-based: teams engage in a design activity supported by a system of systems model of the problem, and product subject of design. Moreover, these series of experiments implement novel software user interfaces that include interactive visualization and passive collection of socio-metric data regarding design and experience. This research has been developed on a case study from the Japanese commercial maritime shipping industry in response to the new revision of IMO MARPOL Annex VI requirements setting limits on sulphur oxides and nitrous oxides emissions from ship exhausts. According to Japanese authorities, it is expected that the transition from the currently predominant use of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) to Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) will proceed, and LNG-fueled ships have already launched in part of North America and Europe where emissions control is advanced. In this transition, different stakeholders (incl. shipping operators, ship building companies, cargo owners, port operators, fuel suppliers, regulatory bodies and classification societies) might follow different strategies in order to fulfill these new regulatory requirements, and the associated choices will be in trade-off with other technology and business requirements. The design problem that teams face in this series of teamwork experiments consists in modifying a reference crude oil shipping system involving a tankers' fleet composed of Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs), currently fueled with HFO and transporting crude oil from a supply port in the Persian Gulf to a delivery port in Japan. The design goal is to reduce SOx emissions and NOx emissions, while fulfilling shipping contracts, at the lowest possible cost. In the teamwork design challenge proposed, individuals representing various stakeholders and teams consider, enumerate, and evaluate feasible system architectures according to pre-defined system goals and performance metrics in a tradespace, whereby the Pareto frontier of non-dominated architectures is sought, and a set of preferred architectures is selected. During the design process, data is collected about key teamwork phenomena, such as attention allocation, decision, and learning. This series of experiments has been developed and piloted in collaboration with University of Tokyo and a committee of Japanese maritime shipping professionals over four workshop sessions between October 2017 and March 2018 at University of Tokyo in Kashiwa-no-ha (Japan), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA). The pilot experimentation tested and rehearsed, between others, the viability of different versions of the design case, and the feasibility of proposed sensors for capturing teamwork phenomena. The pilot experimentation phase also served for prototyping the computer simulator that implements the system of systems model and the interactive visualization software user interface. The main experiment took place at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA). For the specific domain problem and solution set explored in these experiments, the results support the claim that higher-performing teams explore more options, analyze options from more viewpoints, and learn more, than lower performing teams. The experimental results also suggest that those teams with clear goals, learn more. This thesis project has also demonstrated that it is possible to sense and visualize learning cycles, including surprises (events that trigger reflection and reframing), as well as path-dependent sequences (course of action or moves) that lead a team to decision in the selection of a best option. Furthermore, it has been observed that social learning in diverse teams can be facilitated with computerized interactive visualization tools. These results suggest an enormous potential for "engineering" high-performance design teams at the meso-scale with collaborative machine-human systems. More pilots in industry cases could provide more data to support/ refute this proposition, and gradually transition into a more social and productive engineering experience for teams.
by Lorena Pelegrin Alvarez.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
Hamm, Andreas. "Methodology and Modelling Approach for Strategic Sustainability Analysis of Complex Energy-Environment Systems." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1207.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Matthew. "Sustainable design analysis of waterjet cutting through exergy/energy and LCA analysis." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003231.
Повний текст джерела