Дисертації з теми "Sustainability Impacts Assessment"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Sustainability Impacts Assessment".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Findler, Florian, Norma Schönherr, Rodrigo Lozano, and Barbara Stacherl. "Assessing the Impacts of Higher Education Institutions on Sustainable Development - An Analysis of Tools and Indicators." MDPI AG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010059.
Повний текст джерелаOrtiz, Rodríguez Oscar Orlando. "Sustainability assessment within the residential building sector: a practical life cycle method applied in a developed and a developing country." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8582.
Повний текст джерелаand environmental indicators of sustainability. In order to overcome the increasing concern of today's
resource depletion, environmental considerations and to address sustainability indicators, a practical
life cycle method has been proposed to decision making integrating environmental and socioeconomical
aspects to analyse the impact of sustainability within the residential building sector using
two practical life cycle methods. One method is the Material and Energy Analysis (MEA) which is
suggested as an appropriate tool to provide a systematic picture of the direct and physical flows of the
use of natural resources and the other is the environmental management tool of Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) as a complement to evaluate environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of the
system.
Furthermore, the method provides sustainability information that facility an adequate decision
making towards sustainable development at macro and micro levels. Sustainability assessment at
macro level is determined by exogenous variables that can influence the development of a country.
Meanwhile sustainable at the micro level is made within the limits of the whole building life cycle,
starting from the construction, use (operation and maintenance) and finishing with the end-of-life
phase. To illustrate it, a case study has been carried out based on the application to two buildings, one
located in Barcelona, Spain and one situated in Pamplona, Colombia. Then, the main objective of this
thesis is to propose a practical life cycle method including environmental and socio-economical
aspects to evaluate indicators that explicitly measure the residential building sector's impacts. This
thesis has also provided initiatives for residential dwellings to reduce environmental impacts and assist
stakeholders in improving customer patterns during the dwelling life cycle.
The findings of this thesis state that the appropriate combination of building materials,
improvement in behaviours and patterns of cultural consumption, and the application of government
codes would enhance decision-making in the residential building sector towards sustainability. The
difference in consumption in Colombia and Spanish dwellings is not only due to the variation in results
for bio-climatic differences but also because of the consumption habits in each country. The
importance of consumption habits of citizens and the need to decouple socio-economic development
from energy consumption are sought for achieving sustainability from a life cycle perspective. There is
a crucial necessity to provide satisfaction to basic needs and comfort requirements of population with
reasonable and sustainable energy consumption.
Therefore, there is no doubt that applying environmental managements tools as Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) and Material and Energy Analysis (MEA) to the full building life cycle can be very
important for reducing environmental loads and thereby improving sustainability indicators. Then, any
improvement in building sustainability is oriented generally to building materials, energy use and waste
management in all phases of the building life cycle, having always in mind that building has to be
xxviii
accessible from an economical and social part of view. The type of standard dwelling varies
substantially depending on the geographic location where it is built. Climate, technological, cultural,
socio-economical differences clearly define the standard of a building in any context and in any region.
This leads to important differences in the LCA results and it means that any extrapolation of existing
European LCA data to the case of a developing country would imply important errors. However, the
function is always the same, to provide protection and housing for its habitants.
Hoy en día, el sector residencial busca mejorar los indicadores de sostenibilidad en los aspectos
sociales, económicos y ambientales. Con el fin de considerar la creciente preocupación del
agotamiento de los recursos naturales y buscar reducir las emisiones adversa al medio ambiente, un
método practico basado en el ciclo de vida se ha propuesto para la evaluación socio-económica y
evaluación del impacto ambiental en sector residencial utilizando dos métodos. El primero es el
Análisis de Materiales y de Energía (AME) que proporciona una visión sistemática de los flujos
directos e indirectos de la utilización de los recursos naturales y el segundo método es el Análisis del
Ciclo de Vida (ACV) como complemento para evaluar los impactos ambientales en todo el ciclo de
vida del sistema.
Adicionalmente, el método proporciona información de sostenibilidad permitiendo la adecuada
toma de decisiones hacia el desarrollo sostenible en los niveles macro y micro. Evaluación de la
Sostenibilidad en el nivel macro está determinado por variables exógenas que influyen en el
desarrollo de un país. Mientras tanto, sostenibilidad en el nivel micro hace referencia dentro de los
límites de todo el ciclo de vida de una vivienda, comenzando por la fase de construcción, uso
(operación y mantenimiento) y terminando con la fase final. Para ilustrarlo, un caso de estudio ha sido
llevado a cabo en la aplicación de dos edificios, uno situado en Barcelona, España y otro situado en
Pamplona, Colombia. Por consiguiente, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es proponer un método que
tenga en cuenta los aspectos medio-ambientales y socio-económicos que tiendan a mejorar la
sostenibilidad y que explícitamente midan los impactos del sector de residencial. Esta tesis también propone iniciativas de mejora en las viviendas residenciales que conlleven a reducir los impactos ambientales y asistir a los agentes involucrados del sector.
Las conclusiones de esta tesis soportan que la combinación adecuada de materiales de
construcción, el buen comportamiento en los patrones de consumo, y la aplicación de códigos y leyes mejoraran los aspectos sostenibles en el sector de la construcción. La diferencia en el consumo en las viviendas de Colombia y en las Españolas no sólo se debe a la variación de las diferencias bioclimáticas,sino también por los hábitos de consumo en cada país. Se puede observar la importancia de los hábitos de consumo de los ciudadanos y la necesidad de disociar el desarrollo socioeconómico del consumo de energía. Existe una necesidad fundamental de dar satisfacción a las necesidades básicas y requerimientos de confort de la población con un consumo energético razonable y sostenible.Por lo tanto, no hay duda de que la aplicación de herramientas medioambientales como el análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) y análisis de materiales y energía (AME) es muy importante para minimizar el impacto ambiental y buscar mejorar los indicadores de sostenibilidad. Queda implícito entonces que cualquier mejora en la sostenibilidad está orientado generalmente a la selección apropiada de materiales de construcción, el uso eficiente de energía y la correcta gestión de residuos en todas las fases del ciclo de vida del edificio, teniendo siempre en cuenta que el edificio tiene que ser accesible desde una parte económica y social. El tipo de vivienda estándar varía sustancialmente dependiendo de la ubicación geográfica donde se construya. Aspectos como el clima, la tecnología, la cultura y las diferencias socio-económicas definen claramente el nivel de un edificio en cualquier contexto y en cualquier región. Esto da lugar a importantes diferencias en los resultados del ACV y significa que cualquier extrapolación de datos europeos existentes del ACV para el caso de un paísen desarrollo implicaría errores importantes. Sin embargo, la función es siempre la misma,proporcionar protección y vivienda para sus habitantes
Sánchez, Royo Begoña. "AN APPROACH TOWARDS HOLISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12269.
Повний текст джерелаSánchez Royo, B. (2011). AN APPROACH TOWARDS HOLISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12269
Palancia
Zhu, Chao. "Food Waste Treatment Options at the University of Cincinnati: Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Evaluation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397233639.
Повний текст джерелаPrescott, Steven George. "Exploring the sustainability of open-water marine, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, using life-cycle assessment." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28269.
Повний текст джерелаThe study demonstrates a potential for environmental problem shifting as being a consequence of IMTA, especially when the functional unit is mass-adjusted economic value. As bioremediation efficiency increases, contributions towards eutrophication decrease. However, this reduction is achieved at the cost of increasing the contributions of IMTA towards those impact categories, such as ‘ozone layer depletion,’ for which it has a greater contribution than does monoculture. In general, it cannot be concluded from these results that open-water IMTA represents a more sustainable alternative to the monoculture production of Atlantic salmon. The sustainability of IMTA is shown to be dependent upon a variety of trade-offs, between individual environmental impacts, and between these impacts and the nutritional function that the system is capable of providing.
Azimoh, Chukwuma Leonard. "Sustainability and development impacts of off-grid electrification in developing countries : An assessment of South Africa's rural electrification program." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-30762.
Повний текст джерелаLara, Cervantes René Fernando. "Assessment of Policy Changes of the Impacts of Urbanization, Economic Growth and Decentralization of Water Services with Regard to Water Quality in Mexico." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264067.
Повний текст джерелаHeckert, Megan. "The Economic, Environmental, and Social Justice Impacts of Greening Vacant Lots: An Integrated Spatial Assessment of Urban Revitalization and Sustainability Outcomes." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/176217.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D.
Many cities in the US and around the world are facing a dual challenge of promoting both urban revitalization and urban sustainability. Increasingly, cities are exploring greening initiatives - through which vegetation is planted and maintained - targeting vacant land as a potential means of addressing both of these challenges. This research is a sustainability-based assessment of the impacts of a Philadelphia, PA-based program that uses greening as an interim management strategy for vacant land. I use quantitative spatial analysis techniques to measure economic, environmental, and social justice impacts of the Philadelphia Land Care (PLC) program, which `treats' vacant land by removing debris, bringing in topsoil, planting grass and trees, putting up a split-rail fence and providing regular maintenance during the growing season. The analysis is shaped by the concept of sustainability which posits that to be sustainable, development must incorporate and balance economic development, environmental preservation and social justice. This research seeks to answer a series of questions about the economic, environmental, and social justice impacts of the PLC program, ultimately assessing not only the extent to which it exhibits impacts along these three dimensions of sustainability but also whether or not the impacts vary for different locations, and also questions the extent to which there may be tradeoffs between the different potential impacts of the program. This dissertation addresses several gaps in the urban greenspace literature including an assessment of the effect of location on the impacts of greenspaces and an assessment of the extent to which temporary greenspaces have the same impacts of more permanent greenspaces. It also addresses questions in urban revitalization and sustainability about the potential role of greening programs in meeting these challenges. Ultimately, the PLC program is shown to increase surrounding property values, improve environmental conditions, and increase equity in access to greenspace in Philadelphia. These benefits are not uniform, however, and differ for neighborhoods across the city. The research indicates the potential for greening programs such as PLC to help cities address pressing economic, environmental, and social concerns, but highlights the need to understand the tensions and tradeoffs between different forms of program impacts.
Temple University--Theses
ZUCCHINELLI, MARIA. "ASSESSMENT OF WATER FOOTPRINT METHODOLOGIES TO EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION ON WATER RESOURCES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95713.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal food production has increasingly affected both the environment and human health in substantial and remarkable ways. Among the many concerns global community has to face, Earth’s freshwater resources have been identified as dangerously subject to increasing pressure in the form of consumptive water use and pollution. A deep understanding of the water-food nexus is crucial to support the exploration of more suitable avenues for a sustainable development. In this work, the concept of water footprint (WF) presented by different methodologies – volumetric and impacts oriented approach – has been applied to link impacts on water consumption to the food production and consumption. With regard to the study of the production side, comparison of environmental performances of two vineyard where conventional and organic viticulture were applied, has been performed. Additionally, impacts on water resources related to different Italian and Danish dietary patterns have been investigated to understand the positive impacts that demand-side solutions can have. The studies highlighted that the origin of consumed foodstuffs played a key role in the calculation of local environmental impacts. Finally, the analysis showed that consumer’s choices could tackle environmental impact on water use by changing their consumption patterns, selecting less water-demanding products and reducing food waste.
Celedón, Cruz Liliana Isabel. "A sustainability assessment in the production of heavy-duty trucks : A case study at Scania: investigating the reduction of environmental impacts through design customization and LCA." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287370.
Повний текст джерелаTransportsektorn står för närvarande inför utmaningar för att minska miljöpåverkan under fordonets drift på grund av dess beroende av fossila bränslen. Introduktionen av ny teknik som alternativa bränslen eller elektriska fordon (BEV) växer därför snabbt eftersom de avsevärt kan minska fordonets utsläpp från avgasröret. Det finns emellertid oro för att dessa skulle kunna överföra miljöbelastningar till andra livscykelfaser som exempelvis produktionen. Därför kommer en utveckling mot hållbara transporter att kräva mer än bara utveckling av alternativa bränslen eller eldrift, men också en mer hållbar produktion. Med tanke på att 80% av de produktrelaterade miljöeffekterna bestäms under en produkts designfas studeras därför produktens design. Scania erbjuder möjligheten att skräddarsy lastbilar med hög detaljnivå genom skräddarsydd design, även kallat S-orderdesign. Designingenjörer vill veta om deras skräddarsydda lösningar har potential att minska miljöpåverkan inom tillverkningen av en lastbil. En livscykelanalys (LCA) används därför för att känna till miljöpåverkan från en lastbil konstruerad med S- och A-orderdesign och för att jämföra dem för att avgöra om det finns en skillnad i miljöprestanda mellan dessa två konstruktioner. Resultaten visar att tillverkningen av en lastbil med S-orderdesign har i genomsnitt 3% lägre miljöpåverkan på alla kategorier av miljöpåverkan än en med A-orderdesign. Detta beror på S- orderdesignens stora flexibilitet för att ta hänsyn till små detaljer gällande lastbilens funktionalitet. Dock kan denna konstruktionsflexibilitet leda till flera konfigurationer för en lastbil, vilket innebär att resultaten kommer att variera från produkt till produkt eftersom kunden bestämmer lastbilens specifikationer. Huvudslutsatsen är att det tidiga genomförandet av anpassningar genom S- orderdesign vid utvecklingen av tunga lastbilar hos Scania potentiellt kan minska resursförbrukningen och miljöpåverkan och stöd till hållbar produktion.
Rack, Mireille. "Sustainability assessment of biochar : evaluating the potential environmental, economic and social impacts of the production and application of biochar in Europe as an option for climate change mitigation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58339.
Повний текст джерелаBuchmann, Gláucia Santos. "Comparação dos impactos ambientais de formulações de tintas com a aplicação da avaliação do ciclo de vida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-10042018-142446/.
Повний текст джерелаThe demand for sustainable products in the paint market has been steadily growing and is pushing the whole production chain to offer solutions following this scenario. The reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) and the substitution of raw materials of fossil origin by vegetable in the formulations of paints are some of the practices increasing among this sector to meet the environmental sustainability pillar. In the present study, the environmental impact profiles of two water-based architectural paints were compared applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology (ABNT NBR ISO 14040 and 14044). Firstly, two generic non-commercial formulas of standard paint (ABNT NBR 15079) were developed: \"Paint-A\" with conventional raw materials and \"Paint- B\" containing some alternative raw materials, which would hypothetically contribute to a better environmental performance of the final product. Then both formulas were reproduced in the laboratory and the samples of the paints were submitted to technical performance tests. With the data obtained, the reference flows were determined to fulfill the functional unit defined by covering 36 m2 of interior masonry wall by a minimum period of 4 years (ABN NBR 15575-1). The LCA has four phases: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, environmental impact assessment and interpretation. After goal and scope definition, a comprehensive data collection was carried to enable the Inventory Analysis (LCI). Afterwards, the life cycle of the paints was modeled and analyzed in the SimaPro 8.2 software and in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) phase the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) v.1.12 method was selected. Within seven impact categories analyzed, \"Paint-B\" presented a reduced environmental impact profile compared to \"Paint-A\": Climate Change (-18.6%), Photochemical Oxidants Formation (-19%), Human Toxicity (-18.5%), Ecotoxicity (-30.5%), Fossil Resources Depletion (18.8%), Mineral Resources Depletion (-21.4%) and Water Resources Depletion (-18.7%). The results of the study strengthen the importance of LCA as an effective tool for measuring the environmental performance of paints. However, the lack of availability of primary process data throughout the paint production chain makes it difficult to carry out studies and compromises the accuracy of the results. It is also relevant to highlight that the product and process lifecycle perspective was included as a requirement of the new version of the ISO 14001 standard, which is a matter of concern to the entire value chain, so it is worth considering the application of LCA in the paints industry.
Aggarwal, Rahul. "Strategic Assessment of Drinking Water Production Systems Environmental impacts from a Life cycle perspective : A case study of Norrvatten future drinking water production alternatives." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287466.
Повний текст джерелаKlimatförändringar är en global utmaning som kräver proaktivt agerande från kommuner, företag och andra organisationer för att prioritera hållbarhet i sin dagliga verksamhet. Under de senaste decennierna har livscykelanalys (LCA) använts för miljöbedömningar inom VA-sektorn. I denna studie har detta tillvägagångssätt använts för att presentera en jämförande utvärdering av den potentiella miljöpåverkan som är förknippad med den framtida dricksvattenproduktionen vid Norrvatten. Med hjälp av LCA så jämförs nio olika processalternativ för den framtida produktionen och kan på så sätt bidra till att prioritera och optimera processval utifrån miljösynpunkt. De nio alternativen är utformade för år 2050 för att tillgodose den genomsnittliga dagliga efterfrågan på 208 MLD för de 14 kommuner i norra Stockholmsregionen som Norrvatten försörjer med dricksvatten. Av nio alternativ kom alternativet baserat på direkt filtrering av råvatten på nanofiltreringsmembran som den mest miljövänliga lösningen på grund av användningen av förnybar el från vatten- och vindkraft. Resultaten indikerar att de potentiella miljöeffekterna domineras av användning av kemikalier i samtliga alternativ, vilket i i sin tur beror på de energikällor som används för kemikalieproduktion domineras av fossilbaserade energibärare. Effekterna på grund av transport och energiförbrukning är relativt låg i svensk dricksvattenproduktion. Filtrering genom granulerat aktivt kol (GAC) det mest miljöbelastande behandlingssteget, men regenerering av mättad GAC ger positiva effekter i alla alternativ. Bland kategorier för miljöpåverkan så är kategorier relaterade till bildning av fina partiklar; global uppvärmning, mänsklig cancerframkallande toxicitet och mänsklig icke-cancerogen toxicitet de viktigaste i alla alternativ. Flera av de behandlingstekniker som ingår i de nio alternativen, såsom Nanofiltration, har enbarts testats i pilotskala och inte använts för dricksvattenproduktion vid Norrvatten. Så denna studie bör följas upp och kompletteras med data som är relevanta för förhållanden vid Vättern Denna studie baseras också på tillgängliga data som kanske inte är giltiga 2050 och de senaste trenderna för att ersätta icke förnybara energikällor med förnybara källor som kan minska effekterna på grund av kemisk produktion och transport i framtiden. Dessutom innehåller denna LCA-studie inga aspekter av vattenkvalitet och behandlingskostnader.. Vid jämförelse av olika alternativ måste även kvaliteten på det behandlade vattnet och dess produktionskostnad beaktas.
Struhala, Karel. "Environmentální hodnocení rekonstrukcí obytných budov." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408023.
Повний текст джерелаcom, jennypope@bigpond, and Jennifer Pope. "Facing the Gorgon: Sustainability Assessment and Policy Learning in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070330.154243.
Повний текст джерелаNortje, Griffin. "Assessing the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment as a safeguard to biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27294.
Повний текст джерелаKravchenko, Maria, and Igor Nosov. "Motorsport and Sustainability : Case Study of MXStar Team’s Environmental Impact Optimization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161795.
Повний текст джерелаDiehl, Katharina Elena. "Impact Assessment Regime for Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Processes: the Triple Helix System of Innovation for Sustainability (THIS)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19312.
Повний текст джерелаDue to greater financial uncertainty in connection with ecological risks, sustainability-oriented innovations are less likely to be successfully adopted in a market environment. The overall objective of this study is to analyse innovation processes in agriculture, and to assess their ability to integrate market-driven as well as ecosystem-oriented activities across different levels of relationship interaction. To overcome a domain approach in agriculture, a framework for the analysis and management of sustainability-oriented innovation processes in agriculture was developed: the Triple Helix System of Innovation for Sustainability (THIS). It is set to enhance the diffusion and utilisation of new knowledge generated by interaction between agricultural practice, research and policy. The framework looks at three levels of relationship interaction relevant to the negotiation of market versus ecosystem, including 1) technological, 2) organisational, and 3) governance aspects. The negotiation of sustainability goals is conducted by translating the overarching global United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to the substantive focus of innovation in each case. Each level of relationship interaction reveals specific research questions, addressing for example the consideration of sustainability impacts at the beginning of an innovation process (the front end), management functions required to organise and steer an innovation process, and the potential for integrating indicators for sustainability in policy regulation and governance. The study contributes to the debate on viable forms of innovation management for goal-oriented innovation processes. The application of THIS achieves to address additional uncertainty posed particularly by environmental aspects characteristic to the agricultural sector. Finally, this study shows how the requirements of iterative management can be reflected in organisational structures for institutional support.
Rozema, Jakob. "Sustainability discourses on controversial infrastructure development : investigating their mobilization in environmental impact assessment." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48697/.
Повний текст джерелаSchindler, Jana. "Sustainability impact assessment for improved food security. The benefit of local stakeholder participation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18000.
Повний текст джерелаFood security remains a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable agricultural development is fundamental for food security and poverty alleviation, notably in developing countries. Many development initiatives focus on enhancing smallholder production because the majority of poor people in developing countries live in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. However, the consequences of these development initiatives are often diverse, having intended effects as well as unforeseen adverse impacts. Therefore, there is a need to assess development strategies/projects prior to their implementation to reduce the risk of possible negative impacts and to allow for adjustments, if necessary. This can be achieved by applying ex-ante sustainability impact assessment. The theoretical discourse on ex-ante sustainability impact assessment is comprehensive, emphasising the equal integration of all three sustainability dimensions (social, economic and environmental), the active involvement of stakeholders at every step of the assessment process and a focus on exchange and learning among the involved stakeholders. In practice, local communities are rarely involved in ex-ante impact assessment. Moreover, despite a strong emphasis on their involvement in theory, there remains a lack of easily applicable frameworks for sustainability impact assessment. Hence, there are only few concrete case studies having analysed the value added by applying sustainability impact assessment with local stakeholders and its benefit for planning agricultural measures to enhance food security and sustainable development. This PhD thesis closes the gap by developing and applying an ex-ante impact assessment approach that is based upon the Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment (FoPIA) method and is applicable at small-scale farmer level in the development context. The framework was applied to assess the sustainability of upgrading strategies along the farmers’ food value chains to improve food security in rural Tanzania at four contrasting case study villages in the semi-arid Dodoma Region and the semi-humid Morogoro Region.
Uttam, Kedar. "Seeking sustainability in the construction sector: opportunities within impact assessment and sustainable public procurement." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144885.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20140509
Björklund, Johanna. "Emergy analysis to assess ecological sustainability : strengths and weaknesses /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5794-7.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKunieda, Yoichiro. "Development of an impact assessment tool for demolition." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715294.
Повний текст джерелаGbededo, Mijoh Ayodele. "Simulation-based impact analysis for sustainable manufacturing design and management." Thesis, University of Derby, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/623483.
Повний текст джерелаSödergren, Jacob. "The Impact of a Teracom Group Product From a Life Cycle Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118479.
Повний текст джерелаPienaar, Melanie. "The merit of environmental impact assessment for civil engineers in South Africa." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9817.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Ebrahimi, Kianoosh. "Zero-Waste Planning at Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Western Kentucky University." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1514.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Isabel Silva Dutra de. "A contribuição do zoneamento ecológico econômico na avaliação de impacto ambiental : bases e propostas conceituais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-09052005-094619/.
Повний текст джерелаThe environment impact statement (EIS), facing the concept environment impact assessment (EIA), settles, in its objectives, the need to demonstrate not only the environment viability of projects, but also of policies, plans and programs (PPP). Currently considered as essential environment instrument to any decision making process, conceptually EIA marks presence for necessities and different answers for PPP. In Brazil, the practice associated only to projects and out of the decisions that ponder the localization alternatives, has demonstrated distortions in the use of the EIS instrument in relation of its answers and also to its credibility. This practice will be reflected on the establishment of distinct responsibilities considering the generation and availability of information, in the agreement of the EIS concept, and also in the universe of requirements to be met. In relation to the joint action with other instruments of the PNMA, it gives to the economic ecological zoning (ZEE) an important role, which is, being the environmental articulator of different scales of the EIA and generator of environmental diagnosis with scenes and possibilities of prognostic. Conceptually the ZEE indicates, environmentally and previously way, all environmental factors facing localization alternatives, when contemplating the carrying capacity in relation to a determined activity, besides being more adjusted to delimit the area of influence and/or the conflicts. Therefore, the establishment of clearer universes for each scale of approaching the instrument EIA and the possibility of joint action with the ZEE will liberate the EIS from giving answers and commitments of related implications to public policies and subsidizing the enterprises. The present work evaluates the EIA instrument and the possibility and advantage of the implementation of the ZEE to enlarge the range and to improve the EIS efficiency, and to configure it as an additional contribution instrument to environmental sustainability
Boléo, Sara Maria Tranquada. "Environmental impact assessment of energy crops cultivation in the Mediterranean Europe." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7434.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy crops offer ecological advantages over fossil fuels by contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases and acidifying emissions. However, there could be ecological shortcomings related to the intensity of agricultural production. There is a risk of polluting water and air, losing soil quality, enhancing erosion and reducing biodiversity. In the scope of the project Future Crops for Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel (4F Crops), supported by the European Union, an environmental impact assessment study was developed and applied to the cultivation of potential energy crops in the Mediterranean Europe. The categories selected were: use of water and mineral resources, soil quality and erosion, emission of minerals and pesticides to soil and water, waste generation and utilization, landscape and biodiversity. Results suggest that annual cropping systems have a more negative impact on the environment than lignocellulosic and woody species, namely regarding erodibility and biodiversity. Annual systems and woody crops are also more damaging to soil quality than herbaceous perennials. However, differences among crop types are not as evident in the remaining indicators. Impact reduction strategies are limited to crop management options, but, site specific factors should be accurately assessed to evaluate the adequacy between crop and location.
This work was supported by the European Union (Project 4F Crops – Future Crops for Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel, Grant Agreement No: 212811, Coordination and Support Actions, FP7-KBBE-2007-1)
Strom, Sten. "Social business– Value (f)or money? : A discussion about methods to evaluate enterprises on the border between the private sector, the public sector and civil society." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177108.
Повний текст джерелаDemertzi, Martha. "Evaluation of the cork sector’s environmental performance through life cycle assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16824.
Повний текст джерелаA relevância do setor corticeiro do ponto de vista ambiental tem vindo a aumentar graças à transição, quer da indústria quer dos consumidores, para um mercado mais sustentável. A avaliação do impacte ambiental dos produtos de cortiça pode ser feita através da avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) para identificar as etapas e os processos mais influentes ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos de ACV disponíveis e a maioria deriva de dois países, Portugal e Espanha (os líderes do setor da cortiça). No entanto, os estudos existentes muitas vezes excluem a etapa de fim-de-vida ou quando ela é incluída consideram apenas um destino final, nomeadamente o aterro sanitário. Além disso, a maioria dos estudos existentes não considera a emissão e remoção de carbono biogénico no cálculo da pegada de carbono porque estas emissões são consideradas neutras (todo o carbono sequestrado na floresta vai ser emitido durante as etapas de fabrico, uso e fim-de-vida). Adicionalmente os estudos atuais consideram que todas as emissões ocorrem num tempo específico que pode não ser muito realista uma vez que as emissões podem ocorrem ao longo do tempo considerado no ciclo de vida do sistema. A presente tese tem o objetivo de enriquecer e ampliar o conhecimento do setor corticeiro. Vários estudos de caso de produtos de cortiça representativos (rolhas de cortiça natural, pavimento flutuante de cortiça, placas e regranulado de cortiça expandida) estão incluídos nesta tese a fim de identificar as etapas e os processos mais influentes em cada caso do ponto de vista ambiental. A contribuição dos produtos de cortiça para várias categorias de impacte ambiental é feita através do uso de ACV. Adicionalmente, a etapa de fim-de-vida das rolhas de cortiça natural é avaliada separadamente considerando várias alternativas e cenários para identificar a melhor opção em termos ambientais. Além disso, é desenvolvido e apresentado um modelo de simulação para o cálculo da pegada de carbono do setor corticeiro na sua totalidade. O objetivo deste modelo é facilitar a avaliação de todo o setor da cortiça, não só por etapa e processo, mas também por produto e na sua totalidade. Assim, este vem apoiar a tomada de decisões do setor, a fim de melhorar a sua pegada de carbono total. Adicionalmente uma abordagem de ACV mais recente é aplicada, a avaliação dinâmica do ciclo de vida. Ao contrário da abordagem tradicional (estática), que considera que todas as emissões e alterações climáticas ocorrem num tempo específico (geralmente 20, 100 ou 500 anos), a abordagem dinâmica considera as emissões e alterações climáticas que ocorrem em cada ano do horizonte temporal escolhido para o estudo. A consideração da abordagem dinâmica é aplicada pela primeira vez neste setor e fornece mais uma alternativa na avaliação da pegada de carbono do setor corticeiro. A presente tese destaca a importância da inclusão do carbono biogénico sequestrado e emitido no cálculo da pegada de carbono. Quando é incluído o setor é um sumidouro de carbono (pegada de carbono igual a -956,042 t CO2 eq. por ano) e quando é excluído é uma fonte de carbono (pegada de carbono igual a 172,844 t CO2 eq. por ano).
The relevance of the cork sector from an environmental point of view is currently increasing thanks to the transition, both of industry and the consumers to a more sustainable market. The evaluation of the environmental impact of the cork products can be done through life cycle assessment (LCA). This is a tool used for the evaluation of the entire life cycle of a product (from the extraction of the raw materials to the final disposal of the product) in order to identify the most influential stages and processes along the life cycle. Currently, there is a limited number of LCA studies ON cork found in literature and the majority derives from two countries, Portugal and Spain (the leaders of the cork sector). Those studies, usually exclude the end-of-life stage and when it is included they only consider one destination, namely landfilling. The majority of the existing studies doesn’t consider the emission and removal of biogenic carbon in the calculation of the carbon footprint since they are considered neutral (all biogenic carbon sequestered at the forest will be completely emitted during the stages of manufacturing, use and end-of-life). Additionally, the current studies consider that all the emissions occur in a specific time (reference year) and this might not be very realistic since the emissions may occur along the time considered in the life cycle of the system under study and this may influence the final conclusions reached. The present Ph.D. thesis aims to enrich and extend the knowledge of the cork sector. Different case studies of the most representative cork products (natural cork stoppers, cork floating floor, expanded cork slab and regranulates) are included in this thesis in order to identify the most influential stages and processes in each case from an environmental point of view. The contribution of the cork products for various environmental impact categories is done through the use of LCA. Additionally, the end-of-life stage for used natural cork stoppers is evaluated separately considering various alternatives and scenarios in order to identify the most efficient option from an environmental point of view. Moreover, a simulation model for the calculation of the carbon footprint of the entire cork sector is developed and presented. The goal of this model is to facilitate the evaluation of the entire cork sector not only per stage and process but also per product and as a total. Thus, it can be very useful for the decisionmaking of the sector in order to decrease its total carbon footprint. Additionally, a more recent approach is applied as well, the dynamic life cycle assessment. On the contrary of the traditional (static) approach that considers that all the emissions and climate change impacts occur on a specific time (usually 20, 100 or 500 years), the dynamic approach considers the emissions and impacts occurring in each year for the temporal horizon chosen for the study. The dynamic life cycle approach is applied for the first time on the cork sector and provides another alternative for the carbon footprint evaluation of the cork sector. The present thesis highlights the importance of including the sequestered and emitted biogenic carbon in the carbon footprint calculation of the cork sector. When biogenic carbon is included in the calculations, the cork sector is a carbon sink (carbon footprint equal to -956,042 t CO2 eq. per year) and when it is excluded the cork sector is a carbon source (carbon footprint equal to 172,844 t CO2 eq. per year).
Reader, Daniel B. "Sustainability with Globalization: An Unsustainable Proposition." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/92.
Повний текст джерелаBertolini, Mattia. "Upcycling Shipping Containers as Building Components : an environmental impact assessment." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15146/.
Повний текст джерелаBreunig, Hanna Marie. "Parameter variation and scenario analysis in impact assessments of emerging energy technologies." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3720392.
Повний текст джерелаThere is a global need for energy technologies that reduce the adverse impacts of societal progress and that address today's challenges without creating tomorrow's problems. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) can support technology developers in achieving these prerequisites of sustainability by providing a systems perspective. However, modeling the early-stage scale up and impacts of technology systems may lead to unreliable or incomplete results due to a lack of representative technical, spatial, and temporal data. The goal of this dissertation is to support the acceleration of clean energy technology development by providing information about the regional variation of impacts and benefits resulting from plausible deployment scenarios. Three emerging energy technologies are selected as case studies: (1) brine management for carbon dioxide sequestration; (2) carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and sequestration; (3) stationary fuel cells for combined heat and power in commercial buildings. In all three case studies, priority areas are identified where more reliable data and models are necessary for reducing uncertainty, and vital information is revealed on how impacts vary spatially and temporally. Importantly, moving away from default technology and waste management hierarchies as a source of data fosters goal-driven systems thinking which in turn leads to the discovery of technology improvement potentials.
Highfield, Crysta Lynn. "Sustainable Pavement Construction: Developing a methodology for integrating environmental impact into the decision making process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32604.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Mattsson, Berit. "Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of agricultural food production /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5734-3.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDaouda, Diallo Balkissa. "Social Impact Assessment of Water Management Projects—The Case of the Niger River Basin." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534247403271493.
Повний текст джерелаStorfeldt, Moqvist Tim. "Environmental Impact of a Portable Photo Flash - Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275710.
Повний текст джерелаDetta examensarbete handlade om att utföra en Livscykelanalys på Profoto’s produkt C1. Denna produkt är en portabel blixtenhet som kan kopplas tillsammans med mobiltelefoner och producera professionella bilder, genom att producera blixtljus för att skapa mer levande bilder med telefonen. Målet var att ge Profoto en bättre förståelse kring hur deras produkt påverka miljön utifrån produktionsfasen och användningsfasen, samt hur dom i framtiden kan arbeta för att få ner dessa miljöpåverkningar. Dessa resultat jämfördes också med andra livscykelanalyser som gjorts på liknande produkter, men eftersom ingen analys kunde hittas på portabla blixtenheter, blev jämförelsen med C1:an istället med LED och CFL lampor. Detta eftersom dessa produkter har samma funktion som C1:an, vilket är att producera ljus. Dessutom användes en godtycklig funktionsenhet i analyserna kring LED/CFL lamporna som kunde appliceras på C1:an. I denna livscykelanalys användes programmet GaBi där databaser och processer användes för att återskapa produktionskedjan av diverse komponenter, vilka alla produceras i Kina. Dessutom återskapades användningsfasen, vilket utspelade sig i Sverige. Den metod som använts i denna livscykelanalys var CML 2001 metoden. Denna metod valdes för de analyser som gjordes på LED och CFL lampor använde denna metod. Resultaten visade att de komponenter som tillförde mest till miljöpåverkan var batteriet och reflektorn då dessa krävde mer konsumtion av el än de andra. Det visade sig också att C1:an hade lägre påverkan på tre utav de fem kategorier som valts från CML 2001 metoden. Dessa tre kategorier var Global Warming Potential- (GWP 100), Eutrophication Potential-(EP) and Ozone layer Depletion Potential- (ODP) kategorierna, medan de kategorier där C1:an hade en högre påverkan var Human Toxicity Potential- (HTP) och Acidification Potential.
Elezabawy, Ahmed Kamal Elsayed. "Numerical modeling of groundwater system in the Nile Delta and its application to climate change impact assessment." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180489.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第17876号
工博第3785号
新制||工||1579(附属図書館)
30696
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 堀 智晴, 准教授 田中 賢治, 准教授 Sameh Ahmed Kantoush
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Audouin, Michelle. "Modernism, environmental assessment and the sustainability argument : moving towards a new approach to project-based decision-making in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1324.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through my research I have developed an alternative conceptual approach to project-level environmental assessment in South Africa, which begins to move beyond modernism in its philosophical, procedural and substantive aspects. This approach draws on the ideas of certain radical philosophers, and three innovative thinkers, namely: Bent Flyvbjerg, Amartya Sen and Paul Cilliers. The overall purpose of project-level environmental assessment (i.e. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)) is to predict the impacts on the environment of proposed development, and to recommend ways to mitigate its negative consequences and enhance its positive effects. However, there are a number of recurring problems in the practice of EIA which include: achieving interdisciplinarity in the assessment process; effectively undertaking stakeholder engagement; and accurately predicting the impacts of proposed developments. Addressing uncertainty and adequately considering the implications of cumulative and social impacts are also often poorly addressed in environmental assessment procedures. In this thesis, I describe these problems as symptomatic of the modernist roots of environmental assessment, an argument, or similar, which has been made by others in related domains (e.g. philosophy), as well as in the international field of environmental assessment itself. I identify the following three main problematic assumptions of the modern worldview that are currently constraining the effectiveness of this field: A system can be understood by observing the behaviour of its parts; All processes flow along linear, deterministic, predictable and orderly paths; and Technical, objective, natural science-based information and processes are separate from, and superior to, non-technical, subjective, and value-based information and processes. Drawing on my investigation of the core ideas of radical ecologists and of the work of Bent Flyvbjerg, Amartya Sen and Paul Cilliers, I challenge the modernist assumptions listed above and propose an alternative conceptual approach to environmental assessment, which involves the formulation of a ‘sustainability argument’. I explain the philosophical tenets (for example, humans and nature are seen as part of an interrelated social-ecological system) and general principles on which this approach rests (for example, the normative nature of all knowledge of social-ecological systems should be recognised), as well as its key characteristics (for example, the team that undertakes the study should comprise disciplinary specialists, key stakeholders and at least one ‘sustainability practitioner’ who coordinates the development of the argument). These tenets, principles and characteristics are designed to guide the development of context-specific processes, for the formulation of a sustainability argument that informs project-level development decisionmaking. The ‘sustainability argument’ approach moves beyond the human-nature (or developmentenvironment) divide inherent in current environmental assessment, in which the impact of the former on the latter is determined. The focus is shifted to understanding how the social-ecological system is likely to alter, under different conditions, as a result of the proposed development, which is seen as a potential change in the system. In addition, the way in which the social-ecological system is likely to affect the implementation of this change is described. These effects are evaluated in relation to contextually defined sustainability values, which are identified by key stakeholders through a participatory process, and guided by the principles proposed as part of the sustainability argument approach. The principles include a view of humans and nature as part of an interrelated social-ecological system in which diversity, both human and natural, is valued as a pre-requisite to sustainability. Human needs are defined beyond the provision of basic goods and services, to include the promotion and enhancement of the valuable functionings and capabilities of an individual, as described by Sen (1988b). Nature is valued, not only for its role in enabling the achievement of these functionings and capabilities, but also for the fact of its existence, as part of the overall social-ecological system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In my navorsing het ek alternatiewe, konseptuele benadering tot omgewingsbeoordeling op projekvlak in Suid Afrika ontwerp, wat begin om verby die filosofiese, prosedurele en substantiewe aspekte van die modernisme te beweeg. Hierdie benadering berus op die idees van sekere radikale filosowe, en drie innoverende denkers, naamlik: Bent Flyvbjerg, Amartya Sen en Paul Cilliers. Die oorkoepelende doelstelling van omgewingsbeoordeling op projekvlak (i.e. Omgewingsimpakstudie (OIS)) is om die impakte op die omgewing van voorgestelde ontwikkeling te voorspel, en om voorstelle te maak om die negatiewe gevolge daarvan te beperk en die positiewe gevolge te bevorder. Tog is daar aantal herhalende probleme in die praktyk van OIS, wat die volgende insluit: Die bereiking van interdissiplinariteit in die proses van omgewingsbeoordeling; die versekering van effektiewe deelname van belangegroepe; en die akkurate voorspelling van die impakte van voorgestelde ontwikkeling. Die hantering van onsekerhede en die voldoende oorweging van die implikasies van kumulatiewe en sosiale impakte word ook nie voldoende aangespreek in die ontwerp van omgewingsbeoordeling nie. In hierdie tesis beskryf ek hierdie probleme as simptome van die modernistiese grondslag van omgewingsbeoordeling, wat soortgelyke punt maak as die argument wat nie alleen deur ander in verwante velde (e.g. filosofie) ontwikkel is nie, maar ook in die internasionale veld van omgewingsbeoordeling self. Ek identifiseer die volgende drie problematiese kernaannames van die moderne wêreldbeeld, wat tans die doeltreffendheid van omgewingsbeoordeling beperk: Sisteem kan verstaan word deur die gedrag van sy dele waar te neem; Alle prosesse volg liniêre, deterministiese, voorspelbare en geordende patrone; en Tegniese prosesse en objektiewe, natuurwetenskaplik-begronde inligting is apart van, en verhewe bo, nie-tegniese prosesse en subjektiewe en waardegebaseerde oorwegings. Op grond van my ondersoek van die kernidees van radikale ekoloë, asook die werke van Bent Flyvbjerg, Amartya Sen en Paul Cilliers, daag ek die bogenoemde modernistiese veronderstellings uit, en stel alternatiewe benadering tot omgewingsbeoordeling voor, wat die formulering van ‘volhoubaarheidsargument’ insluit. Ek verduidelik die filosofiese uitgangspunte (byvoorbeeld dat die mens en die natuur, in onderlinge wisselwerking met mekaar, gesien moet word as deel van geïntegreerde sosio-ekologiese sisteem) en algemene beginsels waarop hierdie benadering berus (byvoorbeeld dat die normatiewe aard van alle kennis van sosio-ekologiese sisteme erken behoort te word), asook die kenmerkende eienskappe daarvan (byvoorbeeld dat die span, wat die studie onderneem, saamgestel moet word uit kenners vanuit verskillende dissiplines, sleutelbelanghebbendes, en ten minste een ‘volhoubaarheidspraktisyn’ wat die ontwikkeling van die argument koördineer). Hierdie uitgangspunte, beginsels en eienskappe is ontwerp om die ontwikkeling van konteksspesifieke prosesse te stuur, en vir die formulering van volhoubaarheidsargument wat besluitneming oor ontwikkeling op projekvlak informeer. Die ‘volhoubaarheidsargument’ benadering beweeg verby die mens-natuur (of ontwikkelingomgewing) onderskeid inherent aan die huidige praktyk van omgewingsbeoordeling, waar die impak van die eersgenoemde op die laasgenoemde bepaal word. Die klem verskuif na begrip vir die manier waarop die sosio-ekologiese sisteem moontlik gaan verander, onder sekere toestande, as gevolg van die voorgestelde verandering, wat beskou word as moontlike verandering in die sisteem. Boonop word die manier waarop die sosio-ekologiese sisteem waarskynlik die implementering van die verandering gaan beïnvloed ook beskryf. Hierdie effekte word geëvalueer met betrekking tot konteks-gedefinieerde volhoubaarheidswaardes, wat deur deelnameproses geïdentifiseer word deur sleutel belanghebbendes, en gelei deur die beginsels wat voorgestel word as deel van die volhoubaarheidsargument benadering. Die beginsels sluit beskouing van mense en die natuur as deel van interverwante sosio-ekologiese sisteem waarin diversiteit, beide menslik en natuurlik, gewaardeer word as voorwaarde vir volhoubaarheid in. Menslike behoeftes is gedefinieer as meer as net die voorsiening van basiese goedere en dienste om die bevordering en verbetering van die waardevolle funksioneringe en vermoëns van individu, soos beskryf deur Sen (1988b), in te sluit. Die natuur word gewaardeer, nie slegs vir die rol wat dit speel om die verwesenliking van hierdie funksioneringe en vermoëns moontlik te maak nie, maar ook vir die feit van die natuur se bestaan, as deel van die algehele sosio-ekologiese sisteem.
Nylander, David. "Evaluating User Engagement and Usability in an IT Sustainability Impact Assessment Tool : A Qualitative Study with IT Procurement Officers." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280476.
Повний текст джерелаElektroniskt avfall och ohållbar konsumtion av informations- och kommunikationsprodukter är ett växande problem i världen. Fler och effektivare verktyg behövs för att människor och företag ska kunna mäta och förbättra sin sociala och miljömässiga påverkan. Agenda 2030-planen för hållbar utveckling berör denna fråga genom att efterlysa säkra och hållbara metoder för materialutvinning, återvinning och avfallshantering av produkter. TCO Development har skapat ett verktyg som bedömer IT-produkters klimatavtryck vilket tillåter inköpare och upphandlare att gå igenom och jämföra hållbara IT-produkter med varandra. För att fungera effektivt behöver verktygets attribut för användbarhet och användarengagemang tillgodoses. Vidare behöver kontexten för verktygets användning analyseras. Målgruppen för verktyget definierades och en kvalitativ studie genomfördes därefter för att identifiera vilka designförändringar som är viktiga att implementera för att öka användbarheten och engagemanget hos användarna. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns en generell positiv attityd gentemot den allmänna layouten, designen och funktionaliteten hos verktyget. Endast ett fåtal allvarliga avvikelser upptäcktes och kunde isoleras till filtreringsprocessen. Känsligheten av skjutreglaget, ett överflöd av certifieringsalternativ att välja bland, samt missvisande terminologi vid val av produkttyp är några problem som upptäcktes. Utifrån dessa, kunde förslag på åtgärdande designförändringar presenteras. I framtiden bör TCO Development fortsätta arbeta iterativt med designprocessen och fokusera på de kvarvarande användbarhetsavvikelserna. Vidare bör utvecklare och designers prioritera verktygets förmåga att presentera korrekt och transparent data, såväl som integrationen med externa system. På så vis kan de tillhörande attributen för användarengagemang förbättras.
Maseya, Evelyn. "An impact assessment of micro enterprises on the livelihoods of low income households in Khayelitsha." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4806.
Повний текст джерелаLivelihoods are essential for poverty alleviation. A poor person’s life cannot be transformed at all if the person has no means of earning a substantial income to sustain daily living. In today’s world many people rely on human capital for livelihoods. This is usually in the form of skills or educational qualifications that permit an individual to find employment. However, not every person is able to get meaningful employment which can generate an income to allow the person to live above the poverty lines. Generating an income from employment is not a livelihoods strategy that is available to many South Africans as the country has high unemployment rates and an economy that is performing poorly. In addition the overspill of institutionalised inequality from the apartheid era has many South Africans living in poverty. The South African government is promoting Small Micro and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMMEs) as a key strategy for job creation, economic growth for poverty alleviation and a reduction in inequalities. Many poor people in urban areas adopt micro enterprises as a livelihoods strategy. The research assessed the impact of micro enterprises on the livelihoods of low income households in Khayelitsha. The objectives of the research were; (a) to determine the impact that micro enterprises have on the livelihoods of low income households; (b) to ascertain how low income households identify micro enterprises as a livelihoods strategy; (c) to identify how household assets were allocated to livelihoods strategies; (d) to determine how low income households operate micro enterprises; and (e) to identify challenges faced by low income households in earning a livelihood through micro enterprises. A qualitative research design was used for the study because the aims of the research were to get an insight as to how people’s lives had transformed by adopting micro enterprises as a livelihoods strategy. To this end, in-depth interviews and observation data collection methods were employed. A study sample of 22 participants was drawn using non-probability sampling. Grounded theory was used for data analysis. Coded data was entered into an Excel spreadsheet which was used to generate graphs and tables. The findings indicate that micro enterprises as a livelihoods strategy have a positive impact on the livelihoods of many households in Khayelitsha. The impact is more significant because many households who engage in micro enterprises do not have other options for livelihoods strategies. Furthermore, many households reported to be better off operating a micro enterprise rather than being employed. Some households reported dissatisfaction with micro enterprises because they could not determine beforehand how much income would be generated making it difficult to plan monthly household expenditure. None the less micro enterprises enabled households to provide shelter, food, education for children and family members, health care and provision of household furniture. The results also indicate that for many micro enterprise owners the lack of financial capital was the biggest challenge because it prevented capital investment. High competition was also a challenge that a few owners were not able to overcome. On the whole the study concluded that micro enterprises are a good livelihoods strategy for the poor and could keep many South Africans above the poverty line.
Mostachjov, Dmitrij. "Sustainable public transportation: quantifying the benefits of sustainable Bus Rapid Transit systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173933.
Повний текст джерелаTransport i tätbefolkade områden blir alltmer problematiskt. Trängsel, luftföroreningar, olycksrelaterade dödsfall och tid bortslösad i trafiken är bara några av de typiska problemen som medföljer modern stadstrafik. Personlig transporter förväntas öka med 63% totalt, där biltrafiken förväntas öka med 67% och järnvägstrafiken - med 80% under perioden från 2006 till 2050. Om den typen av dynamik fortsätter, är det omöjligt att nå de i dagsläget satta hållbarhetsmålen. Detta skapar ett behov av att införa hållbara kollektivtrafiklösningar. Att definiera hållbarhet inom kollektivtrafiksammanhanget med hänsyn till fallspecifika aspekter som påverkar definitionen är ett viktigt steg i denna process. Kvantifiering och användning av beräkningsverktyg för att göra hållbarhetsbedömningar är viktiga för att diskutera ämnet i konkretiserade termer. Transportsektorn involverar en mängd aktörer som var och en har sina egna ansvarsområden. Eftersom kollektivtrafiksystem i slutändan definieras av samtliga aktörernas kollektiva insats, är det upp till varje aktör att engagera sig i processen på deras motsvarande ansvarsnivå. Samhällsekonomiska kriterier är en viktig del av hållbarhetskonsekvensbeskrivning, eftersom det sätter tekniska transportrelaterade beräkningar i ett bredare sammanhang som sträcker sig utöver transportsektorn. Detta är en kvalitativ tillämpad studie av Scanias arbete inom utveckling av beräkningsmodeller som ska underlätta att föra dialogen genom att tillhandahålla kvantitativa bevis i ett tidigt skede i försäljningsprocessen av kollektivtrafiklösningar. I denna rapport, är metodiken för hållbarhetskonsekvensbeskrivning, trafikplanering och samhällskonomiska beräkningar studerad och tillämpad på fallet Scania, där ett helhetsberäkningsverktyg har utvecklats för företaget. Bus Rapid Transit-system har visat sig vara effektiva och hållbara lösningar för kollektivtrafiken i flera regioner. Fordonsparken är en viktig komponent i BRT-systemet, vilket är anledningen till att beräkningsverktyg för analys av hållbarhetseffekterna av BRT-system har hög strategisk betydelse för Scania. Genom att uttrycka fördelarna med hållbar kollektivtrafik i kvantifierade termer kommer företaget att kunna få ytterligare marknadsandelar och samtidigt främja hållbar storstadskollektivtrafik.
Cornejo, Pablo K. "Environmental Sustainability of Wastewater Treatment Plants Integrated with Resource Recovery: The Impact of Context and Scale." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5669.
Повний текст джерелаWagner, Andre. "The impact of an organisational capacity assessment on non-profit organisations in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7706.
Повний текст джерелаThe research study investigated the potential impact that organisational capacity assessments can have on the long-term sustainability of non-profit organisations (NPOs). The researcher employed longitudinal research design as the main instrument in the collection of data. Data was collected from four local non-profit organisations in the Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit areas of South Africa. These organisations were evaluated by means of a questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher. NPOs can only play a pivotal role in community and social services if management, leadership, governance and other elements of organisational capacity are well developed and continuously strengthened. This is critical for attracting local and international donors who provide crucial running costs and relieve national, provincial and local government departments of the financial burden. Currently, the South African government supports NPOs in South Africa. The legislative and registration aspects of NPOs are regulated by the NPO Act (Act 71 of 1997) and the Income Tax Act (Act 58 of 1962). The State of South African Registered NPOs Report 2010/2011 indicated a growth of the number of registrations to have increased by 8.3%. However, in the same financial year a total number of 468 NPOs were deregistered; 98% of these lost their registration due to non-compliance of regulatory requirements. According to the State of South African Registered NPOs Report (2016) the total number of applications received for the financial year was 16 726 (53.7%), however 4 421 (46%) did not meet the requirements of sections 12-13 of the NPO Act, an issue that would definitely affect the existence of non-compliant institutions.
König, Hannes Jochen. "Operationalising sustainability impact assessment of land use scenarios in developing countries : a stakeholder-based approach with case studies in China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Tunisia." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6367/.
Повний текст джерелаBevölkerungswachstum und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Kombination mit begrenzt verfügbaren, natürlichen Ressourcen sind kritische Faktoren für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung. Diese Situation ist besonders in Entwicklungsländern anzutreffen, in denen große Teile der Bevölkerung am Existenzminimum leben und es oft wenig Spielraum für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung gibt. Entscheidungsträger fragen daher verstärkt wissenschafts-basierte Instrumente zur Vorab- (ex-ante) Folgenabschätzung (Impact assessment) für die Konzeption und Umsetzung nachhaltiger Strategien nach. So genannte ex-ante Methoden zielen hierbei auf die Beurteilung der zukünftigen Folgen von Szenarien (z.B. alternative Politikmaßnahmen) und Konflikte zwischen ökonomischen, sozialen und ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitszielen ab. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Folgenabschätzungen von Landnutzungsszenarien auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung in Entwicklungsländern zu ermöglichen. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit stellt dabei die oft mangelhafte Verfügbarkeit von Daten dar, die quantitative Analysen bzw. den Einsatz von computergestützten Modellen meist nur sehr begrenzt möglich macht. Um mit diesen Schwierigkeiten umzugehen, wurde die ursprünglich für die Europäische Union entwickelte ‚Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment‘ (FoPIA)-Methode an die Bedingungen in Entwicklungsländern angepasst und in fünf regionalen Fallstudien angewendet. Die analysierten Landnutzungsszenarien umfassten dabei (i) alternative Raumplanungsmaßnahmen zur kontrollierten Stadt-Land-Entwicklung in Yogyakarta, Indonesien; (ii) die Umsetzung von boden- und wasserkonservierenden Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion im Oum Zessar Wassereinzugsgebiet, Tunesien; (iii) Landumwandlung und Aufforstungsmaßnahmen zur Eindämmung von Bodenerosion in Guyuan, China; (iv) landwirtschaftliche Intensivierung und Potenziale des ökologischen Landbaus in Bijapur, Indien; sowie (v) Landteilung und -privatisierung in Narok, Kenia. Die angepasste FoPIA Methode wurde in drei konzeptionelle Schritte unterteilt: (i) die Szenarienentwicklung, (ii) die Spezifikation des Nachhaltigkeitskontexts, und (iii) die Szenariofolgenabschätzung. Ein neuer methodischer Ansatz lag in der Entwicklung alternativer Landnutzungsszenarien mit regionalen Akteuren und auf der Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für zukünftige Landnutzungsstrategien. Für die Szenario-folgenabschätzung wurde primär das Wissen regionaler Experten und Akteure genutzt und durch quantitative Daten, sofern verfügbar, ergänzt. Auf der Grundlage der in den fünf Regionen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass die angepasste FoPIA Methode dazu geeignet ist, eine Szenariofolgenabschätzung zu strukturieren und ein hohes Maß an Transparenz zu gewährleisten. Sie ermöglicht kausale Zusammenhänge von Landnutzungsproblemen zu diagnostizieren, die Kommunikation zwischen unterschiedlichen Akteuren und Experten zu verbessern sowie mögliche Konflikte zwischen ökonomischen, sozialen und ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitszielen zu erkennen und darzustellen. Insgesamt sollte die FoPIA Methode jedoch nicht als isolierte Methode zur Folgenabschätzung verstanden werden, sondern, sofern die Datenverfügbarkeit dies zulässt, durch weiterführende Analysen ergänzt werden. Für die Anwendung der FoPIA Methode im Rahmen der Politikfolgenabschätzung wird ein integrierter, komplementärer Ansatz empfohlen, der quantitative Modelle, Szenariotechniken und partizipative Methoden kombiniert.
Eveborn, David. "Bed filters for phosphorus removal in on-site wastewater treatment : Removal mechanisms and sustainability." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12048.
Повний текст джерелаFor many surface waters, phosphorus (P) leaching is a serious problem that should be minimized to prevent eutrophication. In Sweden there is a demand for physical and technical development of high-performance P removal techniques to reduce phosphorus leaching from on-site wastewater treatment systems to the Baltic Sea. However, although these systems are designed to reduce eutrophication there are also other environmental impacts to be considered when implementing them in on-site systems; energy use and global warming potential are two examples. This study has investigated several bed filter materials (reactive media and natural soils) for their total environmental impact (in commercial applications) as well as for the predominating chemical phosphorus removal mechanisms. The use of life cycle assessment revealed that several reactive bed filters are relatively energy-consuming due to the material manufacturing process. Characterization of phosphorus compounds in used reactive media provided evidence for calcium phosphate precipitation as the predominating P removal mechanism in alkaline filter materials. However, in soil treatment systems with noncalcareous soils, batch experiments and extractions suggested that aluminium compounds were important for P removal. According to mass balance calculations that compared accumulated P with the estimated P load in a soil treatment system, the long term P removal capacity was very low; only 6.4 % of the applied phosphorus had been removed during 16 years of operation.
Das, Prabir Kumar. "A sustainability impact-assessment tool for selected building technologies in rural India : the case of the Andhra Pradesh primary education project." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/878.
Повний текст джерелаAhmadi, Achachlouei Mohammad. "Exploring the Effects of ICT on Environmental Sustainability: From Life Cycle Assessment to Complex Systems Modeling." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171443.
Повний текст джерелаDen ökande produktionen och konsumtionen av produkter och tjänster inom informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) leder till en ökning av den globala elanvändningen samt direkta miljökonsekvenser kopplade till IKT. Men IKT har även indirekta miljömässiga effekter. Dessa kan vara positiva till exempel genom substitutions- och optimeringseffekter eller negativa genom att till exempel ge upphov till ytterligare efterfrågan på grund av effektivisering (så kallade reboundeffekter). Olika metoder kan användas för att modellera och bedöma både direkta och indirekta effekter av IKT. Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka metoder för modellering samt att studera miljöeffekter av IKT och elektronisk media med hjälp av livscykelanalys (LCA) och även modellering av komplexa och dynamiska system, samt simuleringsteknik, så som System Dynamics (SD) och agentbaserad (AB) modellering. Avhandlingen omfattar fem artiklar (artikel I-V). Artikel I & II beskriver resultaten från en fallstudie där miljöeffekter kopplade till en svensk tidskrift studeras med LCA. Tidskriftens version för surfplatta samt motsvarande tryckta version studeras och jämförs. Artikel III går ett steg vidare från produktnivåns LCA. Artikeln återkopplar till en SD simuleringsstudie som ursprungligen genomfördes under 2002. Simuleringsstudien gällde framtida miljöeffekter av IKT i 15 europeiska länder med tidspespektivet 2000-2020. I artikeln valideras tre scenarier från simuleringsstudien med hjälp av nya empiriska data från 2000-2012 och ett nytt scenario modelleras. Kvantitativa och kvalitativa resultat från den ursprungliga studien diskuteras. Till exempel visar artikel III att IKT har en stimulerande effekt på den totala persontrafiken genom att göra den mer kostnads- och tidseffektiv (reboundeffekt). Modelleringsmekanismen som används för att representera denna reboundeffekt diskuteras vidare i artikel IV. Artikeln belyser och diskuterar den återkopplingsslinga (feedback-loop) som används för att modellera två typer av reboundeffekter kopplade till persontrafik (direkt ekonomisk rebound och tidsrelaterad rebound) samt jämför med en tidigare studie. Artikel IV behandlar också den roll systemtänkande och modellering kan spela i konceptualisering och kommunikation av reboundeffekters dynamik. För att ytterligare undersöka systemmodelleringens och simuleringens möjligheter att representera icke-linjära komplexa och dynamiska system (exempel på sådana diskuteras i artikel III och IV), sammanställer artikel V tidigare studier som jämför SD och AB-metoder och -modeller. Studiernas mål och metod summeras och resultaten med avseende på vilka kriterier som presenteras för att välja mellan SD och AB sammanställs. Även processen för att omvandla en befintlig SD-modell till en AB-modell beskrivs. Avhandlingens slutsats är att LCA och systemmodelleringsmetoder kan vara användbara för att studera IKTs direkta effekter så väl som indirekta effekter på miljön.
QC 20150813
Switala-Elmhurst, Katherine. "Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Windows: Analyzing the Environmental Impact of Window Restoration versus Window Replacement." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/275743.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D.
New windows are rated based on their energy performance during the use phase. This rating neglects the overall environmental impact caused by raw material extraction, manufacturing, maintenance and disposal. Due to the number of residential window replacements occurring today in the United States, there is a growing need to quantify the sustainability of window preservation as an alternative to window replacement. This study assessed the environmental impact of historic wood window restoration versus window replacement for the entire "cradle to grave" life cycle of the window assembly. This study focused on a typical, mid-twentieth century housing development in the Northeast United States using four window configurations as follows: 1. Restored original wood window with a new exterior aluminum storm window; 2. PVC replacement window; 3. Aluminum-clad wood replacement window; 4. Wood replacement window. The dissertation assessed the life cycle of window configurations using GaBi Software. The life cycle inventories were analyzed using the TRACI 2.1 impact method which translated the environmental consequences of the life cycle assessment processes into quantifiable environmental impacts. The dissertation also considered window thermal performance and life cycle costs. When considering life cycle environmental impacts, thermal performance, energy savings and material costs, the results indicated that wood window restoration was the best option when compared to replacement windows considered in this study; however, the results indicated that building service life and window service life assumptions could impact results. Thermal performance testing of windows revealed that window restoration techniques undertaken in this study improved the window's overall thermal performance. The testing also indicated that the effects of air infiltration had minimal influence on the performance of the restored window assembly when compared to a high performance replacement window. The results of the energy model exhibited only a small annual energy savings between the restored window assembly and a high performance replacement window. The payback cost analysis revealed that, while there was an immediate financial benefit of window replacement with the PVC option, window replacement frequency and overall life cycle environmental impacts would favor the restored window option.
Temple University--Theses