Статті в журналах: "Suspension adsorbents"

1

Xue, Mei, Ting Ting Liu, and Fei Cao. "Preparation of Mn-Fe Binary Oxide for Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.597.

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Adsorption removal of arsenic from contaminated drinking water was carried out by using Mn-Fe binary oxide adsorbent. Main phase of adsorbents was influenced by pH value of solution, and pH of 10 is the suitable synthesis condition to achieve the Mn-Fe binary oxide suspension adsorbents. Adsorbents with Mn/Fe mole ratio from 6/4 to 2/8 exhibits higher arsenite removal larger than 99.6%.

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2

Nuryono, Nuryono, Ali Agus, Sri Wedhastri, Y. M. S. Maryudhani, Deni Pranowo, Yunianto Yunianto, and Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli. "ADSORPTION OF AFLATOXIN B1 IN CORN ON NATURAL ZEOLITE AND BENTONITE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 3 (December 28, 2012): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21343.

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A study on adsorption of AFB1 in corn (kernel and grained) on natural zeolite and bentonite has been investigated. The first work was adsorption in a batch system of standard AFB1 solution on adsorbents. Some factors such as contact time, concentration of AFB1 and particle size of adsorbent were evaluated. The amount of AFB1 adsorbed was calculated based on the difference of AFB1 concentration before and after adsorption determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Adsorption of AFB1 in corn sample was emphasized by mixing aqueous suspension of sample with adsorbent. Concentration of AFB1 in suspension was analyzed by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Result shows that adsorption of AFB1 on adsorbents of natural zeolite and bentonite is very fast. Within 15 min 99% of AFB1 (200 ng/mL) has been adsorbed by 25 mg of bentonite and 96% by zeolite. The particle size higher than 200 mesh did not give significant effect on the AFB1 adsorption capability. Effectiveness of zeolite in adsorbing AFB1 is lower than that of bentonite. Capability in reducing AFB1 contamination in corn samples (kernel and meal) for both adsorbents is lower than that in standard solution.

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3

Zhou, Qing, Man Cheng Zhang, Zhe Qin Li, and Ai Min Li. "New Hypercrosslinked Polymer Adsorbents for Solid Phase Extraction of Polar Compounds." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2076.

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Membrane emulsification-suspension polymerization method was introduced to prepare the monodisperse hypercrosslinked adsorbents ZQ-1 and ZQ-2 which can be used in solid phase extraction (SPE). Compared with the commercially available adsorbent LichrolutEN, ZQ-1 exhibits obvious superiority for five conventional polar analytes owing to its large specific surface area, hydrophilic groups and small particle size.

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4

Litynska, Marta, and Tetiana Dontsova. "SUSPENSION SORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS AND HUMATES FROM WATER." WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 28, no. 3 (November 9, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/wptstn.v28i3.218046.

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This paper is devoted to the features of the synthesis and applications of suspension iron(III)-based sorbents in water treatment. The problems of toxic impurities of the drinking water, especially soluble arsenic compounds or different organic disinfection by-products, are very acute not only for Ukraine, but for many other countries too. So, it is very important to find simple and effective method to treat polluted natural waters to the required quality. The comparison of different treatment methods for removal of arsenic compounds and humates was made, as a result of which it was determined that the usage of adsorbents, especially fine particle iron-based sorbents, is very effective in natural organic matter removal and some other pollutants. Fine particle iron-based adsorbents are effective for arsenic removal due to its chemical structure. These materials removed arsenic compounds by chemisorption processes and immobilization of arsenate and arsenite ions in the insoluble form of ferric arsenate. Thus, the aim of the work was to develop the adsorbent for effective removal of arsenic compounds and humates from natural waters. We synthesized 7 suspension iron(III)-based sorbents by homogeneous precipitation from FeCl3 solution by thermal hydrolysis of urea. The efficiency of synthesized samples was checked by adsorption tests (humates and arsenite removal) and capillary suction time test. Iron(III) oxyhydroxide was the main phase of the most effective fine particle adsorbents. Applications on natural water showed that the synthesized iron(III) oxyhydroxide effectively removed arsenic compounds not only from model waters, but also from natural water with reaching of regulatory requirements.

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5

Koju, Rashmi, Agni Dhakal, Sushila Gwachha, Dev Raj Joshi, Tista Prasai Joshi, and Sujen Man Shrestha. "Adsorption of Inorganic As(III) from Aqueous Solutions by Iron-Manganese Oxide." Scientific World 13, no. 13 (August 7, 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30538.

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Arsenic contamination in water is well noted public health issue in Nepal and elsewhere. Adsorbents are important chemical means to purify the arsenic contaminated water. In this study the adsorption of As(III) on iron manganese oxide has been investigated as a function of different parameters. Herein, two iron based adsorbents, iron-manganese oxide-1 (Fe-Mn oxide-1) and iron-manganese oxide-2 (Fe-Mn oxide-2) were prepared by oxidation and co-precipitation methods. Adsorbents were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Within 4 hours of reaction time, 90% of the arsenic was removed by both Fe-Mn oxides and removal efficiency of the Fe-Mn oxide-1 was obtained higher than that of Fe-Mn oxide-2. Pseudo-second order model was well fitted to describe adsorption kinetic (R2 =0.99) for both adsorbents. Removal efficiency of the absorbents decreased with increase in the pH value and increased with increase in the concentration of adsorbent in the suspension. Based on the result, the synthesized Fe-Mn oxides have significant potential applications in the inorganic arsenic treatment in the water.

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6

Stojanovic, Ana, Aleksandra Dakovic, Srdjan Matijasevic, George Rottinghaus, Zivko Sekulic, and Tanja Stanic. "Adsorption of T-2 toxin by natural mineral adsorbents." Chemical Industry 62, no. 2 (2008): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0802059s.

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The contamination of animal feed with mycotoxins represents a worldwide problem leading to economic losses in animal production. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 25% of the world's cereal grain production is contaminated with mycotoxins. The most common mycotoxins found in grains are the aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and the ergopeptine alkaloids. Trichothecenes, constitute the largest group of Fusarium mycotoxins. Among others, T-2 toxin is the most acute toxic trichothecene. In this paper, adsorption of T-2 toxin by natural mineral adsorbents zeolite-clinop-tilolite and smectite minerals - bentonite and hectorite, at pH 3 was investigated. The highest adsorption index was achieved for hectorite (95%), while clinoptilolite and bentonite showed low adsorption index for T-2 toxin, 8% and 13%, respectively. Results of T-2 toxin adsorption on hectorite, at different amount of solid phase in suspension, and at pH 3, 7 and 9, showed that toxin adsorption indexes increased with increase of adsorbent concentration in suspension, at all investigated pH values. No significant differences in T-2 toxin adsorption by hectorite, at pH 3, 7 and 9 were observed.

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7

Wiśniewska, Małgorzata, Teresa Urban, Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska, Vladimir Zarko, and Vladimir Gun’ko. "Comparison of stability properties of poly(acrylic acid) adsorbed on the surface of silica, alumina and mixed silica-alumina nanoparticles — application of turbidimetry method." Open Chemistry 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0401-6.

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AbstractThe influence of anionic poly(acrylic acid) — PAA addition on the stability of synthesized silica, alumina and mixed silica-alumina suspensions as a function of solution pH was studied. The turbidimetry method was used to monitor the changes of the examined systems stability over time. The calculated stability coefficients enabled estimation of polymer adsorption influence on stability of metal oxide suspension. It was shown that the alumina suspension without the polymer is the most unstable at the pH values 6 and 9, whereas the silica polymer was most unstable at pH 3. PAA with higher molecular weight (240 000) is a relatively effective stabilizer of all investigated adsorbents (except silica at pH 3). These properties of poly(acrylic acid) are highly desirable in many branches of industry (e.g. production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paints) where polymers are widely used as effective stabilizers of colloidal suspensions.

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8

Chugunov, A. D., and E. G. Filatova. "Adsorption of petroleum products by modified and activated adsorbents." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 11, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-2-318-325.

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This research is aimed at investigating the adsorption of petroleum products from aqueous solutions by adsorbents modified with HCl and those activated by microwave radiation. The research objects were carbon adsorbents: activated coals, such as AD-05-2, IPI-T, KAD-iodine and zeolites of the TransBaikal deposit. The quantitative analysis of waters (standardised test solutions with an initial concentration of petroleum products not exceeding 10 mg/l) was carried out by the fluorimetric method using a Fluorat-02 liquid analyser. The adsorbents were activated in a microwave oven at a wave power of 800 W for 1 min. The modification was carried out according to the following procedure: 10 g of the adsorbents dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 120-150 °C were stirred for 24 h with 200 ml of a 12% HCl solution in water.Next, the suspension was filtered and washed with distilled water until neutral. It was found that the value of adsorption of petroleum products by adsorbents modified with HCl increases by 3.8 times for activated carbon KAD-iodine, 0.5 times for IPI-T, and equals 0.71 mg/g and 0.80 mg/g respectively. Among the studied sorbents, these sorbents have the largest grain size (3-5 mm) and micropore volume (0.28-0.29 cm3/g). It was established that the method of short-term (within 1 min) microwave activation makes it possible to increase the adsorption of petroleum products by: 4.2 times for activated carbon KAD-iodine and 0.6 times for IPI-T in comparison with the original adsorbents. The highest adsorption value of petroleum products corresponds to zeolites and equals 0.99 mg/g. The action of microwave radiation is associated with the dissociation and evaporation of the water bound in the adsorbents and flammable organic substances, which leads to an increase in the porosity of the adsorbent. The application of the microwave activation method is highly promising in comparison with the classic methods of chemical and steam-gas activation. This method simplifies the technological design and reduces the consumption of reagents for the production of effective adsorbents used to extract petroleum products from aqueous solutions, which acquires particular importance in the context of maintaining the environmental safety of water use.

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9

NASIRUDDIN KHAN, M., and ANILA SARWAR. "DETERMINATION OF POINTS OF ZERO CHARGE OF NATURAL AND TREATED ADSORBENTS." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 03 (June 2007): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07009517.

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Although particle size and its measurement are intuitively familiar to particle technologists, the concept of point of zero charge (pzc) is less widely understood and applied. This is unfortunate since it is at least as fundamentally important as particle size in determining the behavior of particulate materials, especially those with sizes in the colloidal range below a micrometer. pzc is related to the charge on the surface of the particle and strongly depends on the pH of the material; so it influences a wide range of properties of colloidal materials, such as their stability, interaction with electrolytes, suspension rheology, and ion exchange capacity. The pH dependence of surface charges was quantified for four different adsorbent–aqueous solution interfaces. The points of zero charge were determined for activated charcoal, granite sand, lakhra coal, and ground corn cob materials using three methods: (1) the pH drift method, measuring pH where the adsorbent behaves as a neutral specie; (2) potentiometric titration, measuring the adsorption of H + and OH - on surfaces in solutions of varying ionic strengths; (3) direct assessment of the surface charge via nonspecific ion adsorption as a function of pH. The intrinsic acidity constants for acid and base equilibria, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], were also calculated. Lakhra coal was found to have the lowest pzc value among all other adsorbents studied owing to the presence of a large amount of humus material. The results were used to explain general connections among points of zero charges, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation % of adsorbents.

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10

Croitoru, Alexa-Maria, Anton Ficai, Denisa Ficai, Roxana Trusca, Georgiana Dolete, Ecaterina Andronescu, and Stefan Claudiu Turculet. "Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes as Adsorbents with Applications in Water Purification." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071687.

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The scope of this article is to develop composite membranes using chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) as adsorbents for the removal of inorganic pollutants such as heavy metal ions, particularly Pb2+, from aqueous solutions. GO was obtained by modified Hummers method and blended with CS solution. The introduction of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) compound to CS/GO suspension lead to an increased adsorption capacity of CS/GO for the elimination of heavy metals by forming stable chelates with them. The synthesized membranes were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the adsorption behaviour of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using CS/EDTA/GO membranes was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The adsorption performance of Pb2+ ions was studied by monitoring the concentration of Pb2+ against the adsorption period at an initial content of the adsorbent. The maximum adsorption efficiency of Pb2+ metal ions reached 767 mg·g−1 for CS/EDTA/GO 0.1%, 889 mg·g−1 for CS/EDTA/GO 0.3%, 970 mg·g−1 for CS/EDTA, 853 mg·g−1 for CS and 1526 mg·g−1 for GO. These findings show promising potential for CS/EDTA/GO membranes as effective adsorbent materials for the removal of heavy metal ions in water.

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11

Cathalifaud, G., M. T. Wais Mossa, and M. Mazet. "Preformed Ferric Hydroxide Flocs as Adsorbents of Humic Substances." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (June 1, 1993): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0264.

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The purpose of this study is to show that previously built flocs obtained by the coagulation-flocculation of kaolinite suspension with ferric chloride are a potential adsorbent of humic substances. Flocs are prepared from kaolinite (< 50 µm) and FeCl3 according to the jar-test technique:after 3 minutes of rapid mixing at pH = 5.4 ± 0.1, 30 minutes of slow mixing, humic acids are added for a contact time of 6 hours; the effects of calcium, sodium salts (chloride, sulphate) on the adsorptive capacity of preformed flocs are also studied. The results indicate that the preformed flocs are good adsorbent materials. Langmuir equation is used to determine adsorption capacities.

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12

Aeni, Suci Rizki Nurul, Ni'matul Murtafi'ah, and Handarini Handarini. "Chromium(VI) Heavy Metal Biosorption in Citarum River Water Sample Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oryzae Biomass." Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/bio.v8i2.12274.

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The Citarum River was regarded as the World’s dirtiest river in 2018, characterized by a Basin situated adjacent to several textile and electroplating industries. Hexavalent chromium metal (Cr6+) is a toxic, carcinogenic heavy metal found in the wastes of these industries. Furthermore, biosorption with biological adsorbents, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oryzae, is an alternative method for treating water polluted with heavy metals. This study therefore aims to adsorb Cr6 + heavy metals from Citarum River water using S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae biomass in two locations: Nanjung and Pangauban, with various biomass concentrations and stirring speeds. For this study, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g of R. oryzae suspension, as well as 250, 500, and 750 µ of S. cerevisiae were used as adsorbent, while rotated at speeds of 250 rpm, 750 rpm and 1500 rpm. Subsequently, the Cr6 + metal content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 525 nm, and calculated based on a standard curve. The results showed S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae are able to reduce the levels of Cr6+ in Citarum river water. The most reduction was obtained with the highest concentration of the adsorbents, 750 µ for S. cerevisiae and 0.75 g for R. oryzae, at the speed of 1500 rpm. S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae have great potential as biosorbents for the in situ remediation of Citarum River contaminated with heavy metals.

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13

Kim, Jae Hyuk, Se Jung Kim, Chung Hak Lee, and Sang Ho Lee. "Control of Organic Micropollutants Using Dual Functional Adsorbent/Catalyst System." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.35.

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This study focuses on the development of novel catalysts for simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of micropollutants in aqueous phase. Molecular catalysts were physically immobilized on the surface or pore of amberlite IRA-400 or powdered activated carbon (PAC). Comparison of different combinations of catalysts and adsorbents showed that the Fe(III)-TsPc combined with amberlite had the highest removal efficiency for target compounds. Although the catalyst was immobilized by electrical attraction, no dissociation of catalyst from adsorbent occurred during the tests. Amberlite-supported Fe(III)-TsPc shows more than 98% removal efficiency in 40 min. In homogenous system (suspension of Fe(III)-TsPc in aqueous solution), the oxidation reaction occurred only in acidic conditions (pH ~ 4.5) and the catalyst deactivation rate was fast. On the contrary, the reaction was fast in neutral pH and catalytic deactivation was negligible using the amberlite-supported Fe(III)-TsPc.

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14

Pasenko, Olexander, Liliya Frolova, and Ihnat Shunkin. "Characteristics of diatomite-alginate-Fe3O4 composite as a phosphate adsorbent." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 3(9) (October 18, 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.03.09.

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Technological approaches to the use of diatomaceous earth as a raw material for the creation of composite adsorbents for wastewater treatment from phosphate ions are analysed. It is shown that the developed surface of diatomite can be used to create a granular adsorbent, and iron (III) oxides (magnetite, goethite, lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, hematite and goethite) are environmentally safe, cheap, economically feasible modifiers. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of obtaining magnetic granules due to the formation of magnetite. The use of the deposition method for the formation of the applied granular adsorbent is proposed. The influence of diatomite concentration on the static strength of granules was established. It is determined that the diameter of the nozzle is also an important factor. The selected technical solutions are aimed at solving the problems of granule hardening and ensuring high adsorption activity. Experimental studies of the synthesis and granulation of the composite adsorbent alginate - diatomaceous earth - magnetite have shown that an increase in the content of diatomaceous earth leads to a natural increase in the size of the granules. When increasing the diameter of the nozzle from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm, for example, the size of the granules 1.5-4.0 (dc = 1.5 mm), 2.0-5.0 mm (dc = 3.0 mm) and 2.5-5.0 mm (dc = 3.5 mm). The diatomaceous earth content of more than 20% does not allow to carry out high-quality granulation on the experimental installation due to the increase in the viscosity of the suspension. The relationship between the size of gel granules and dried. The process of application of the active magnetic phase of the adsorbent is investigated. The dependence of the quality of the granulation process on the solid phase content is established. The measured static strength of the adsorbent granules is in the range of 17 - 25 kPa. It is established that the composite adsorbent with the applied layer of magnetite has magnetic properties. The adsorption of PO43- anions from aqueous solutions was studied. For the adsorbent alginate - diatomite and alginate - diatomite - Fe3O4 - the adsorption capacity is 4 and 9 mg PO43- / g, respectively. The obtained composite adsorbents have a set of functional properties that are promising for use in modern water purification and purification systems.

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15

Kirchon, Angelo, Gregory S. Day, Yu Fang, Sayan Banerjee, Osman K. Ozdemir, and Hong-Cai Zhou. "Suspension Processing of Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Scalable Route to High-Quality Adsorbents." iScience 5 (July 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2018.06.009.

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16

Sobiesiak, Magdalena, and Beata Podkościelna. "SPE of Phenols on New Amine - Based Copolymers." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.173.

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Porous microspheres, copolymers: bis [4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)-phenysulfide (BES.DM) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) have been prepared by suspension-emulsion polymerization. The copolymer (BES.DM+GMA) including reactive epoxide rings was modified with three amines: butylenediamine (BDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA). Next, attachment of HCO3- species to the primary amine groups took place.The prepared porous polymers were used as adsorbents in off-line SPE experiments. A mixture of phenol (PH), 2-chlorophenol (ChP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DChP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TChP) as testing compounds was applied.Depending on the way of chemical modification, the prepared adsorbents possessed diverse sorption properties towards the testing compounds. Competition of the phenolic compounds for active sites presented on the polymer surface was observed. The most effective in water purification process were polymers possessing both amine and bicarbonate groups. The best recovery results were obtained for 2,4-dichlorophenol.

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17

Motakef kazemi, Negar, and Masomeh Odar Odar. "Adsorption and determination of Lead in water and human urine samples based on Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) MOF as polycaprolactone nanocomposite by suspension micro solid phase extraction coupled to UV–VIS spectroscopy." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 4, no. 03 (September 28, 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v4.i03.145.

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Today, the safety of water resource is the most important challenges which was reported by health and environment organizations. Water pollution can be created by hazardous contaminants of environmental pollutions. Lead as a heavy metal has carcinogenic effects in humans. Metal organic framework (MOF) is a highly porous material with different application. The Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) is a good candidate of MOF based on zinc metal (Zn-MOF) with potential adsorption/extraction. In this work, Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) MOF as polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite were applied for lead adsorption/extraction from 50 mL of aqueous solution by ultra-assisted dispersive suspension-micro-solid phase extraction procedure (USA-S- µ-SPE) at pH=8. The samples were characterized by the FTIR, the XRD analysis, the FE-SEM and the BET surface area. The effect of parameters was investigated on lead absorption before determined by UV–VIS spectroscopy. The linear range, the detection limit (LOD) and enrichment factor of adsorbent were obtained 0.05-1 mg L-1, 0.25 μg L-1 and 48.7, respectively (r = 0.9992, RSD%=3.65). The absorption capacity of Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) MOF for 50 mg L-1 of standard lead solution were obtained 133.8 mg g-1 for 0.25 g of adsorbent. The results indicate that this nanocomposite can have a good potential to develop different adsorbents.

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Kolakovic, Srdjan, Dragoslav Stefanovic, Jovan Lemic, Dragan Milicevic, Sreten Tomovic, Slavisa Trajkovic, and Slobodan Milenkovic. "Forming a filter media from zeolite modified with SDBAC for wastewater treatment process." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 20, no. 3 (2014): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq121218018k.

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This paper investigates the effects of several parameters (amounts of organic matter, grain size, content of solid phase, stirring rate, and temperature) on the adsorption of stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (SDBAC) in natural zeolite tuff in the process of formation of adsorbents based on organo-zeolite, a potential filter in waste water treatment process. Obtained results show that the most favorable ratio between the amount of SDBAC and zeolites is 50-75 mmol M+/kg. Larger grains have lower zeolite adsorption power of organic cations on the surface of zeolite, while favorable percentage of content of solids in the zeolite suspension is 10-20%. Interference between adsorption of mixture and temperature, especially in volumes of SDBAC lower than 75 mmol M+/kg of zeolite, have no significant impact on adsorption of organic cations on the surface of the zeolite. The obtained results present an initial step for defining the optimal operating parameters for forming adsorbents based on organo-zeolite as a filter potentially utilized in waste water treatment.

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19

Liu, Wei, Yuxi Zhang, Shui Wang, Lisen Bai, Yanhui Deng, and Jingzhong Tao. "Effect of Pore Size Distribution and Amination on Adsorption Capacities of Polymeric Adsorbents." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175267.

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Polymeric adsorbents with different properties were synthesized via suspension polymerization. Equilibrium and kinetics experiments were then performed to verify the adsorption capacities of the resins for molecules of various sizes. The adsorption of small molecules reached equilibrium more quickly than the adsorption of large molecules. Furthermore, the resins with small pores are easy to lower their adsorption capacities for large molecules because of the pore blockage effect. After amination, the specific surface areas of the resins decreased. The average pore diameter decreased when the resin was modified with either primary or tertiary amines, but the pore diameter increased when the resin was modified with secondary amines. The phenol adsorption capacities of the amine-modified resins were reduced because of the decreased specific area. The amine-modified resins could more efficiently adsorb reactive brilliant blue 4 owing to the presence of polar functional groups.

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20

Sobiesiak, Magdalena, Marta Grochowicz, and Joanna Osypiuk Tomasik. "Sorption Properties of Polydivinylbenzene Polymers towards Phenolic Compounds and Pharmaceuticals." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010019.

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Highly cross-linked polymers are commonly used in purification and separation techniques because of their many useful features. In order to better adjust their porosity to adsorption of specific compounds, methods like surface functionalization or imprinting are used. In this work, a series of highly cross-linked polydivinylbenzenes (pDVB) were prepared using a suspension method. Toluene was applied as a pore-forming diluent. Some part of toluene (1 mL) was replaced with phenol (F), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (T) or their mixture (M) to prepare polymers with porosity more suitable for phenols sorption. Another approach was an introduction of sulfone groups onto the polymer surface (pDVB-SO3H). The physicochemical characteristics of the synthetized adsorbents included CHN, FTIR, DSC and porosimetric analyses. Afterwards, to evaluate sorption properties of the prepared adsorbents towards phenols, ibuprofen and salicylic acid the solid phase extraction (SPE) experiments were performed. The polymers had the specific surface areas of about 440–560 m2/g created mainly by mesopores with widths ca. 3.75 and 4.75–7.15 nm. Materials obtained with the addition of porosity modifiers (phenol, trichlorophenol, mixture) had more uniform porous structure and their sorption capacity toward phenols increased ca. 5%. Similar sorption capacities were obtained for ibuprofen. Salicylic acid had low affinity to the surface of the tested polymers.

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21

Elkhalifah, Ali E. I., Mohammad Azmi Bustam, Mohd Shariff Azmi, and T. Murugesan. "Carbon Dioxide Retention on Bentonite Clay Adsorbents Modified by Mono-, Di- and Triethanolamine Compounds." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.115.

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A series of organic-inorganic hybrids were developed via intercalation process of primary, secondary and tertiary ammonium cations into different alkali and alkaline earth and transition metal cation forms of bentonite clay to be used as adsorbent materials for CO2capture under ambient temperature and slightly high pressure. The effect of the molar mass of amines on the structural characteristics, surface properties and CO2loading capacity of bentonite clay were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and Magnetic Suspension Balance equipment, respectively. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the basal spacing of bentonite clay after modification with amines was increased with the molar mass of amine used, while BET results showed an inverse effect of the molar mass of amines on the surface area of the synthesized materials. The CO2loading capacity of the examined samples revealed that bentonite clay modified with monoethanolammonium cations retained higher CO2amount compared to those modified with di-and triethanolammonium cations. CO2adsorption isotherms on MEA+-Mg-MMT were conducted at 298, 323 and 348 K and different pressures. A decrease in CO2uptake with increasing temperature was observed, suggesting the exothermic nature of the adsorption process.

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22

Huang, Chihpin, and Hsin-Huei Chiu. "REMOVAL OF TRACE Cd (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY FUNGAL ADSORBENTS: AN EVALUATION OF SELF-IMMOBILIZATION OF RHIZOPUS ORYZAE." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0112.

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Rhizopus oryzae are grown in the fermenter as discrete and nearly spherical pellets. The pellets ' size and structure suggest that more agitation produces smaller and more compact pellets. In this study, the agitation intensity in the fermenter is changed to produce the suspension mycelium and pelletized mycelia with various sizes. Acid-washing and heat treatments are applied to deactivate the fungi. Experimental results indicate that acid-treated mycelia are preferential to either fresh or heat-treated pelletized mycelium for use in the binding of Cd (II) ions. Based on engineering and economic considerations, this study screens an optimum size of pellet to be 3.8 mm which is formed under 2 -day pre-cultivation and 5-day harvest in a fermenter at 300 rpm of agitation.

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23

Maisch, R., B. Knoop, and R. Beiderbeck. "Adsorbent Culture of Tobacco Cell Suspensions with Different Adsorbents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1986): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-11-1215.

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Abstract The release of secondary substances from plant cell suspensions can be enhanced by the addition of adsorbents to the culture medium. Tobacco cells react to a variety of different adsorbents (Florisil. raw silk. Polyclar AT. and the adsorber resins XAD-4 and XAD-7) with important qualitative and quantitative changes of their secondary substance pattern, in some cases without changes of growth.

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24

Negishi, Hideyuki, Akira Endo, Masaru Nakaiwa, and Hiroshi Yanagishita. "Preparation of Mesoporous Silicate Thick Films by Electrophoretic Deposition and Their Adsorption Properties of Water Vapor." Key Engineering Materials 314 (July 2006): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.314.147.

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Ordered mesoporous silicate (MPS) is one of the most promising adsorbents for energy-efficient adsorption systems such as desiccant cooling systems, because it can be recovered by low-temperature exhaust heat at less than 100 °C. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was investigated for the fabrication of a thick film. A particle/acetone suspension could be applied and the dispersed particles become negatively charged. A MPS powder can be deposited by EPD at 50 V for 10 min onto 15.7 cm2 of a tubular metal substrate and more than a 200 μm thick uniform coating was obtained. After heat treatment at 300 °C, the MPS powder can be fixed on the substrate without the addition of binders. The obtained thick film of MPS possessed the same porous structure and properties regarding the adsorption of water vapor showed almost the same as that of the powder sample.

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25

Choo, K. H., I. H. Park, and S. J. Choi. "Removal of natural organic matter using iron oxide-coated membrane systems." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2004): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0110.

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Natural organic matter (NOM) removal and membrane fouling were investigated using iron oxide-coated microfiltration (MF) systems for drinking water treatment. Addition of iron oxide particle (IOP) adsorbents into MF always improved NOM removal and reduced fouling, but IOP dosing methods did affect the membrane performance. The IOP coating layer formed on the membrane surface played a major role in preventing membrane fouling by residual NOM in water. Pre-mixing of IOP with raw water followed by continuous injection into the MF system controlled membrane fouling better than pre- and intermittent loadings of IOP. This could be in close association with the distribution of IOPs across the hollow fiber MF surfaces and the effectiveness of contact of IOP with feedwater. The turbidity of water influenced the MF system with intermittent IOP loads more greatly than that with IOP in suspension. There existed an optimal IOP dose where membrane fouling can be minimized achieving maximal NOM removal.

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26

Sirotkin, O. S., and Artem E. Buntin. "Optimization of the Choice of Technological Methods for Nanomodification of Natural Aluminosilicates through the Parameters of the Element-Oxygen Chemical Bond." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.201.

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The paper shows the possibility of using such quantitative characteristics of the element-oxygen chemical bond as the covalent character, metallic character and ionic character in substances to select a set of technological methods and develop a technology for nanomodification of natural bentonite aluminosilicates. The research results showed that thermal activation of bentonite at 200, 300, 380 and 400 °C with different modes of isothermal exposure (15, 30, 60, 120 minutes) does not significantly affect the efficiency of its modification with silicon (SS) and aluminum (AS) oxide nanoparticles, estimated by the increment of the compressive strength and the adsorption index for methylene blue. Obtaining a 46 % aqueous suspension of bentonite and modifying it with silicon and aluminum oxide nanoparticles followed by ultrasonic treatment after standing decreases the particle size by more than 4 times, which is a promising technological solution for improving the performance properties of ceramics, molding mixtures, adsorbents and other materials based on bentonite from various deposits.

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27

Litynska, Marta, Tetiana Dontsova, Olena Yanushevska, and Volodymyr Tarabaka. "Development of iron-containing sorption materials for water purification from arsenic compounds." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10 (110) (April 30, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.230216.

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The paper is devoted to the development of a method for obtaining and using iron-containing sorption materials for the effective removal of arsenic compounds of different oxidation states from an aqueous medium. It is known that arsenic compounds have a harmful effect on biota due to high toxicity. The paper theoretically and experimentally substantiates the choice of iron-containing materials as the main sorbent material for arsenic compounds removal from the aqueous medium. A series of iron-containing adsorbents, including powder, activated carbon-based granular and suspension sorbents, was synthesized by different methods (heterogeneous and homogeneous precipitation). Experimental studies have confirmed that the adsorption of arsenate ions on iron-containing sorption materials corresponds to the pseudo-second order of the reaction (R2=0.999), which is inherent in adsorption processes. It was determined that oxyhydroxide sorption materials obtained by the homogeneous precipitation demonstrate higher sorption activity (up to 70 mg/g for As(III) and over 70 mg/g for As(V)). It was found that activated carbon-based iron-containing sorption materials showed approximately 2 times lower efficiency than powder iron(III) oxide, iron(III) oxyhydroxide and amorphous iron(III) hydroxide. It was shown that the use of microfiltration membranes is promising for the removal of spent suspension iron-containing sorption materials. Experimental studies have confirmed that the use of the combination “fine-particle iron(III) oxyhydroxide/membrane” allows removing arsenic compounds from contaminated water to the sanitary requirements level (less than 10 μg As/l) and separating effectively the spent fine-particle sorbent from water

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28

Lu, Yuemei, Qianming Gong, Fangping Lu, and Ji Liang. "Synthesis of porous carbon nanotubes/activated carbon composite spheres and their application for vitamin B12 adsorption." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0094.

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AbstractIn this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to activated carbon to enhance the mesopores. At first, different amounts of CNTs were added to phenolic resin and composite spheres were synthesized by suspension polymerization. Then, by carbonizing these spheres at 600°C followed by steam activation at 850°C for more than 90 min, we prepared highly developed porous CNTs/activated carbon composite spheres. The composite spheres were characterized by a laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectrum, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. Results showed that the composite spheres had good sphericity even with high proportion of CNTs (45 wt.%). Analysis also showed that the pore size distribution of the composite spheres containing CNTs was “multi-peak”, especially with 20–100-nm pores. The improved 20–100-nm porous structures in the composite spheres can be ascribed to aggregated pores of CNT bundles. The amount of vitamin B12 adsorbed on the 45 wt.% CNT composite spheres was as high as 32.38 mg/g. The spheres could be used as adsorbents for middle-molecular-weight toxins or large molecules in hemoperfusion.

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29

Markovic, Marija, Aleksandra Dakovic, George Rottinghaus, Mirjana Stojanovic, Vera Dondur, Milan Kragovic, and Zvonko Gulisija. "Aflatoxin B1 adsorption by the natural aluminosilicates - concentrate of montmorillonite and zeolite." Chemical Industry 70, no. 5 (2016): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind150515058m.

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Aflatoxin B1 adsorption by the concentrate of bentonite clay - montmorillonite and the natural zeolite - clinoptilolite and was investigated at the initial toxin concentration 4 ppm, with different amonunts of solid phase in suspension (10, 5, 2 and 1 mg/10 mL) and different pH values - 3, 7 and 9. Results indicated that for both minerals, decreasing the amount of solid phase in suspension, decrease the amount of active sites relevant for adsorption of aflatoxin B1. Thus, for concentrate of montnorillonite, at the lowest level of solid phase in suspension (1 mg/10 mL), aflatoxin B1 adsorption indexes were 97% at pH 3, 88% at pH 7 and 82% at pH 9, while for the natural zeolite, adsorption of toxin was 9% at pH 3 and 7% at pH 7 and 9. Since inorganic cations in minerals are mainly responsible for aflatoxin B1 adsorption, even the natural zeolite - clinoptilite has much higher cation exchange capacity (the content of inorganic exchangeable cations) compared to the concentrate of montmorillonite, adsorption of aflatoxin B1 by this mineral is much lower. Comparing the molecular dimensions of aflatoxin B1 molecule with the dimension of channels of clinoptilolite and interlamellar space of montmorillonite it is obvious that this toxin is adsorbed only at the external surface of clinoptilolite while in the montmorillonite all active sites are equally available for its adsorption. Thus, the concentrate of montmorillonite posess by higher adsorption capacity for aflatoxin B1. Results presented in this paper confirmed the fact the differences in the structure of minerals led to their different efficiency for adsorption of aflatoxin B1. Mineralogical and chemical composition, determination of cation exchange capacity, etc., are very important parameters influencing the effectiveness of minerals as aflatoxin B1 adsorbents. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 451-03-2802-IP Tip1/142, br. 172018 i br. 34013] This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND170208003E">10.2298/HEMIND170208003E</a>

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30

Butman, Mikhail F., Nikita S. Karasev, Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov, and Alexander V. Vinogradov. "Al30-PILLARED MONTMORILLONITE WITH ENHANCED TEXTURAL PROPERTIES DUE TO PRELIMINARY MECHANICAL TREATMENT." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196212.5935.

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The effect of mechanical treatment of natural montmorillonite in a planetary-centrifugal mill on the efficiency of intercalating aluminum polyhydroxocomplexes [Al30O8(OH)56(H2O)26]18+ in the formation of pillared structures was studied. Measurements made using the photometry method showed that in the montmorillonite matrix, after intercalation of the Al30 polyhydroxocomplexes using mechanical treatment, an increase in the content of Al3+ cations by 13% was observed. According to the electrophoretic light scattering data, the particle size for the suspension of mechanically activated montmorillonite dispersed in water was about 100 nm. The raw, mechanically activated and pillared montmorillonites are characterized by the methods of low-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption. It was shown that preliminary mechanical activation of the initial substrate increases the basal distance d001 and significantly (approximately by 45–50%) increases the specific surface area and the total pore volume of Al30-pillared montmorillonite; in this case, both meso- and microporosity increase, and the pore size decreases by about 12%. The special importance of the size of montmorillonite particles during the intercalation and further formation of the pillared structure is shown. А decrease in the size of the montmorillonite particles during mechanical treatment increasing the area of the interphase boundary through which ion exchange takes place. It was shown that the small sizes of tactoids (about 100 nm) in an aqueous suspension play a key role in increasing the cation exchange capacity of mechanically activated montmorillonite. To a lesser extent, the efficiency of intercalation is influenced by the processes of defect formation and the related changes in the electrical properties of the silicate layers of montmorillonite. Based on the structural properties, the obtained pillared materials can be recommended for use as selective adsorbents, molecular sieves and catalysts.

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31

Makarov, А., R. Klishchenko, A. Egurnov, and I. Kornienko. "PLASMA-CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF STABILIZATION OF COMPOSITION WATER-COAL FUEL ON THE BASIS OF ORGAN-CONTAINING WASTE WATER." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.7.2019.49-56.

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Industrial and domestic waste water containing waste lubricants, cooling suspensions, waste from the food, alcohol and pulp and paper industries contain fuel residues, solvents, fats, dyes and other organic compounds. Large volumes and multi-component composition of such waste complicate and cost more water purification. Disinfection of such waters using adsorption, membrane or catalytic technologies requires the cost of scarce materials and expensive equipment, as well as leading to the formation of secondary man-made wastes in the form of waste adsorbents, catalysts, membranes, etc. A promising option is the use of organ-containing sewage in formulations of composite water-coal fuel. At the same time, organic substances of sewage during the combustion of technological equipment allocate additional heat, which allows improving the energy characteristics of the fuel. The possibility of using plasmochemical technology for the stabilization of composite aqueous-coal fuel on the basis of organ-containing wastewater has been investigated. Organic dispersion media used waste after purification of fusel oil and wastewater after the washing of parts for technical purposes. Electrokinetic and rheological properties of composite aqueous-coal fuel have been studied. It has been established that the previous plasmochemical conversion of organo-containing wastewater, which is used as a dispersion medium for composite water-coal fuel, makes it possible to improve its operational properties. The growth of sedimentation stability and the optimization of effective viscosity are achieved both by increasing the electrostatic repulsion of the suspension particles with an increased ξ-potential and by achieving the bimodal composition of the disperse phase. There is also a significant increase in the absolute values of ξ - the potential reached in the alkaline medium (pH = 10) 55-64 mV for anthracite coal. Accordingly, electrostatic repulsion of coal particles increases and improves in the viscosity in the modified samples is (1.1-1.25 Pa·s) and sedimentation stability (28-36 hours). The sedimentation stability of the fuel obtained is significantly improved in comparison with conventional suspensions of coal in organ-containing wastewater and reaches 28 to 36 hours without the addition of stabilizers. In addition, highly dispersed additives increase the reactivity of the composite aqueous-coal fuel contributes to increasing the caloricity and completeness of the burning of slurry fuel.

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32

Liu, Peng, Liping Jiang, Longxiang Zhu, and Aiqin Wang. "Novel Covalently Cross-Linked Attapulgite/Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) Hybrid Hydrogels by Inverse Suspension Polymerization: Synthesis Optimization and Evaluation as Adsorbents for Toxic Heavy Metals." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 11 (March 4, 2014): 4277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie4038054.

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33

VÃ¯Â¿Â½llenkle, Christine, Stefan Weigert, Nicola Ilk, Eva Egelseer, Viktoria Weber, Fritz Loth, Dieter Falkenhagen, Uwe B. Sleytr, and Margit SÃ¯Â¿Â½ra. "Construction of a Functional S-Layer Fusion Protein Comprising an Immunoglobulin G-Binding Domain for Development of Specific Adsorbents for Extracorporeal Blood Purification." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1514-1521.2004.

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ABSTRACT The chimeric gene encoding a C-terminally-truncated form of the S-layer protein SbpA from Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 and two copies of the Fc-binding Z-domain was constructed, cloned, and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli HMS174(DE3). The Z-domain is a synthetic analogue of the B-domain of protein A, capable of binding the Fc part of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The S-layer fusion protein rSbpA31-1068/ZZ retained the specific properties of the S-layer protein moiety to self-assemble in suspension and to recrystallize on supports precoated with secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP), which is the natural anchoring molecule for the S-layer protein in the bacterial cell wall. Due to the construction principle of the S-layer fusion protein, the ZZ-domains remained exposed on the outermost surface of the protein lattice. The binding capacity of the native or cross-linked monolayer for human IgG was determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. For batch adsorption experiments, 3-μm-diameter, biocompatible cellulose-based, SCWP-coated microbeads were used for recrystallization of the S-layer fusion protein. In the case of the native monolayer, the binding capacity for human IgG was 5.1 ng/mm2, whereas after cross-linking with dimethyl pimelimidate, 4.4 ng of IgG/mm2 was bound. This corresponded to 78 and 65% of the theoretical saturation capacity of a planar surface for IgGs aligned in the upright position, respectively. Compared to commercial particles used as immunoadsorbents to remove autoantibodies from sera of patients suffering from an autoimmune disease, the IgG binding capacity of the S-layer fusion protein-coated microbeads was at least 20 times higher. For that reason, this novel type of microbeads should find application in the microsphere-based detoxification system.

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34

Chargui, H., W. Hajjaji, J. Wouters, J. Yans, and F. Jamoussi. "Direct Orange 34 dye fixation by modified kaolin." Clay Minerals 53, no. 2 (June 2018): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2018.18.

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ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Direct Orange 34, a highly toxic dye used in textile industries in Tunisia, on modified kaolinite-rich clays. A kaolin from the Sidi Bader (SDB) area was activated with hydrochloric acid to create the activated clay referred to hearafter as SDBa, or treated with FeSO4•7H2O to obtain its Fe-saturated form, Fe-SDB. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area and zeta-potential measurements. The equilibrium adsorption data were analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The estimated adsorption capacities (qm) for the dye were improved in the Fe-loaded samples. The good fit (R2 = 0.99) with a pseudo-second order expression suggests that the adsorption process could be effective following a chemisorption mechanism. At acidic pH, the optimum dye-retention rate was achieved for SDB (83%) after 60 min. The uptake decreased at neutral pH and increased again in alkaline media. This behaviour might be explained by the formation of covalent bonds between the OH radicals on the external surface and the negatively charged dye molecules. On the other hand, Fe impregnation increased the zeta potential of kaolinite, leading to a greater adsorption capacity compared to its natural and acid-activated counterparts. In addition, the adsorption rate increased when increasing the suspension temperature from 283 to 313 K. The modified kaolinite-rich materials showed satisfactory affinity for adsorbing this reactive dye.

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35

Hakim, Luqman, and Endaruji Sedyadi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4 Composites Embeded on Coconut Shell Activated Carbon." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v5i3.46543.

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Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4-coconut shell activated carbon composites has been carried out to create a magnetic adsorbents. Composites were synthesized using the coprecipitation reflux method by mixing a solution of Fe3+/Fe2+ iron salt (mol ratio 2:1) and suspension of activated carbon in water followed by the addition of NaOH solution. The structure, functional groups, morphology and surface area of the composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM and GSA. The magnetic properties of composites are tested by response to magnetic fields. The characterization results showed that the embedment of Fe3O4 on coconut shell activated carbon was successfully carried out through the interaction of hydroxyl groups at wave numbers 601.79 and 416.62 cm-1. Diffraction peaks at 2θ 30.12° [220], 35.58° [311], 43.14° [400], 53.57° [422], 57.18° [511] and 62.83° [440] indicate the existence magnetite sized of 11.72 nm. Activated carbon has an average pore size of micropores with an average pore of 1.46 nm. Magnetite embedment reduced the surface area of activated carbon from 91.16 m2/g to 12.04 m2/g. The response of sample to the magnetic field indicates that composite has magnetic properties.

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36

Faghihian, Hossein, та Sepideh Nazari Farsani. "Modification of Polyacrylamide–β–Zeolite Composite by Phytic Acid for the Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solutions". Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 15, № 1 (1 березня 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-0001.

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Polyacrylamide-zeolite composite was prepared by direct polymerization of polyacrylamide in suspensions of β-zeolite. Phytic acid was then immobilized on the composite surface. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetry (TG) techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. The adsorptive features of the composite and the modified composite were investigated for the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution in view of dependency on pH, time, ion concentration, temperature, selectivity, kinetics and reusability. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated with reference to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic of the system was calculated. ΔG<0 indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous. Good compatibility of the adsorption kinetics to the pseudo-second-order model predicted that the rate-controlling step was a chemical sorption. The selectivity experiments showed that the adsorbents were selective toward Pb2+ in the presence of Zn2+ and Cd2+. The reusability of the adsorbent was tested for four regeneration cycles.

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37

Petrovskaya, Valentina N., Viktor V. Kondrat’ev, and Alexey A. Petrovskiy. "MECHANISM OF ELECTROCOAGULATION OF CHAMBER PRODUCT AFTER FLOTATION OF CYCLONE DUST OF SILICON PRODUCTION." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 10 (November 16, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20176010.5515.

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Spheroidal micro silica has a large specific-surface. This makes it indispensable for the manufacture of composite materials: construction mixtures, paints, rubber, adsorbents, etc. In the process of studying the properties of dust formed in the production of silicon, it was established that practically all of the quartzite carried away in the form of a fine dust phase into the gas removal and gas cleaning system is represented by spheroidized micro- and nanoparticles of SiO2 with a carbon impurity that is invariably present also in the finely dispersed state. One of the ways to extract carbon and amorphous silicon oxide from the dust cyclone is flotation. As a result of flotation, 29% of the sand fraction, 40% of the foam product enrichedcarbon, and 31% of the chamber product enriched SiO2 were obtained. It is shown that the target nanofraction of amorphous silica from the chamber product after flotation can be extracted by electrocoagulation. The dependence of the mass of the coagulum on the current density on aluminum electrodes was obtained during electrocoagulation of the chamber product. It is established that under the action of current on the system under investigation, the metal of the cathode and the anode dissolve. The mechanism of electrocoagulation is shown. The chamber product is a stable finely dispersed SiO2 suspension with a pH of 8-9. Since the surface of the silica is hydrophilic, OH- is adsorbed on it and the surface of the dispersed particle is charged negatively. As a result of electrochemical and chemical dissolution of aluminum electrodes, the aluminum hydroxide formed has a positive charge. The different particles stick together, as a result of which their dimensions increase, coagulation takes place, and then precipitation occurs.Forcitation:Petrovskaya V.N., Kondrat’ev V.V., Petrovskiy A.A. Mechanism of electrocoagulation of chamber product after flotation of cyclone dust of silicon production. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 68-74

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38

Siwek, Hanna, Artur Bartkowiak, and Małgorzata Włodarczyk. "Adsorption of Phosphates from Aqueous Solutions on Alginate/Goethite Hydrogel Composite." Water 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040633.

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The basic process to reduce the phosphate ions in aquatic environments is to move the phosphorus circulation processes on the water–sediment phase boundary towards depositing it in the solid phase through chemical precipitation or adsorption. Modern technologies for removal of phosphorus can be based on cheap and environmentally friendly natural polysaccharides modified with multivalent metals. In this study alginate/goethite hydrogel composite has been investigated for phosphate uptake from aqueous solutions. The composite was produced by a cross-linking reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride in six configurations of suspensions, which differed in goethite content. In all cases, spherical and durable capsules of alginate/goethite composite were produced. In laboratory tests, mechanical stability of the capsules at various temperatures and the coexisting ions of lake water were tested. Chemical composition of the aquatic environment had a strong influence on their mechanical stability. Static batch adsorption of phosphate studies were carried out for two adsorbents: goethite and alginate/goethite composite. The goethite gelation resulted in almost double growth of sorption capacity in the case of adsorption from deionized water and, on average, a 50% growth in adsorption from the environmental water compared to raw goethite. The alginate/goethite adsorbent removed phosphate in a wide pH spectrum—from 4 to 10. Results suggest that the proposed adsorbent has potential for the removal of phosphate from contaminated water.

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39

Falkenhagen, D., J. Hartmann, A. Schrefl, W. Strobl, F. Aussenegg, and A. Leitner. "PATIENT SAFETY TECHNOLOGY FOR MICROSPHERES ADSORBENT SUSPENSION-TECHNOLOGIES." ASAIO Journal 46, no. 2 (March 2000): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200003000-00253.

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40

Huang, Qianlin, Xiaoqing Lin, Lian Xiong, Chao Huang, Hairong Zhang, Mutan Luo, Lanlan Tian, and Xinde Chen. "Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of acid soluble lignin adsorption from rice straw hydrolysate by a self-synthesized macro/mesoporous resin." RSC Advances 7, no. 39 (2017): 23896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01058c.

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A self-synthesized HQ-8 resin was prepared using a O/W suspension polymerization technique and employed as a potential adsorbent for the removal of acid soluble lignin (ASL) from rice straw hydrolysate (RSH).

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41

Knoop, Bernd, and Rolf Beiderbeck. "Adsorbent Filter — A Tool for the Selection of Plant Suspension Culture Cells Producing Secondary Substances." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 40, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1985): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-5-601.

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Abstract Cells and cell aggregates from suspension cultures are plated onto selection plates, consisting of: 1. A layer of nutrient medium solidified with agar 2. A filter paper coated on the upper side with activated charcoal (AC) as an adsorbent 3. covered by a sheet of cellophane as cell carrier. Substances produced migrate through the cellophane and are locally bound to the adsorbent layer. A fter transfer of the cells together with the cellophane to another dish the adsorbent filter is dried and the substances bound to the AC are eluted to the white side of the filter paper where they can be detected by m eans of standard methods of TLC and PC. The substance pattern mirrors the pattern of cell material and allows to discover those cells with deviating substance production. This method is used to recover cell aggregates of Nicotiana tabacum and Matricaria chamomilla from a mixture of both cultures.

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42

Münzel, Kurt. "The Desorption of Medicinal Substances from Adsorbents in Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 29 (March 13, 2009): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1971.tb03287.x.

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43

Zhang, Dong, and Yan Li Zhang. "Preparation of Porous Nano-Strontium Titanate and its Application in Removal of Heavy Metals from Environmental Water." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.765.

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Porous nano-strontium titanate (PST) was successfully prepared by the reversed-phase suspension polymerization and sol-gel method using reversed-phase suspension droplets as the template, and characterized by XRD and SEM. The ability of the new adsorption to remove lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel ions from water samples was assessed. The results showed that the sorbents were porous, perovskite strontium titanate, and the average particle diameter of crystalloid was 30 nm. The lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel ions were quantitatively retained at pH 5-8; their adsorption capacities of PST for lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel ions were 145.9 mg•g-1, 4.3 mg•g-1, 25.2 mg•g-1, 19.6 mg•g-1and 3.7 mg•g-1, respectively. The adsorbent can be regenerated completely by elution with 0.5 mol•L-1 HNO3. The adsorbent has a promising prospect in removal or enriching of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel in water.

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44

Poliakov, V. L. "Dynamic linear adsorption with solid adsorbent material." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2021.04.046.

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A mathematical problem of linear physical adsorption of a dissolved impurity is formulated, by consider-ing its diffusion transfer during the filtration of an aqueous suspension through a uniform adsorbent bed at a constant rate. By averaging the impurity concentrations in the free and bound states over an arbi-trary time period, an approximate solution of the problem is obtained, which is only expressed in terms of the elementary functions. On its basis, it is proposed to calculate the rational duration of the filter run. The solution is discussed and illustrated with a number of examples with typical input data.

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45

Huang, Zhong Hua, Yan Zou, Fang Yuan, Wei Jing Li, and Xue Pu. "Adsorption of Dyes from Acidic Wastewater by Crosslinked Chitosan Resin." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1363.

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A new low cost adsorbent crosslinked chitosan resin has been used to remove dyes from wastewater. The crosslinked chitosan resin was prepared using inverse suspension polymerization with methanal and epichlorhydrin (ECH) using pre-crosslinking and crosslinking techniques. As comparison, the adsoption ability of chitosan and activated carbon was also investigated.

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46

Koelmans, A. A., H. J. de Lange, and L. Lijklema. "Desorption of Chlorobenzenes from Natural Suspended Solids and Sediments." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1993): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0615.

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The desorption of chlorobenzenes from heterogeneous suspended solid mixtures and sediments at nonequilibrium conditions was investigated, using a gas purge method. This technique offers the possibility to measure equilibrium and rate data from adsorbent suspensions, without phase separation. The desorption patterns were interpreted and fitted in terms of multiple box models. The results show that when the equilibration time for sediment suspensions contaminated in the laboratory is longer, desorption is slower. At nonequilibrium conditions, the more hydrophobic chlorobenzenes are released faster than the less hydrophobic ones. For ten suspended solid samples the model parameters were related to adsorbent characteristics, such as organic matter, phytoplankton and clay content by means of correlation analysis, and compared to similar desorption data for algal cultures obtained in earlier studies in our laboratory. It was found that all desorption data could be described with a two-compartment desorption model. The partition coefficient was proportional to the content of organic matter, which in turn was mainly determined by the concentration of phytoplankton in the samples. The desorption rate was positively correlated with the phytoplankton content as well. This suggests that phytoplankton cells form an easily accessible fraction of the total adsorbent.

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47

LIU, P., and L. ZHANG. "Adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions or suspensions with clay nano-adsorbents." Separation and Purification Technology 58, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.07.007.

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48

Wiśniewska, Małgorzata, Konrad Terpiłowski, Stanisław Chibowski, Teresa Urban, Vladimir Zarko, and Vladimir Gun’ko. "Effect of solution pH on the stability of mixed silica -alumina suspension in the presence of polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different molecular weights." Open Chemistry 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0136-9.

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AbstractThe influence of solution pH (in the range 3–9) on mixed silica-alumina suspension in the absence and presence of polyacrylic acid (PAA) was studied. The composition of the adsorbent was SiO2 (97%) and Al2O3 (3%). The turbidimetry method was applied to record changes in the stability of the investigated systems as a function of time. It was shown that the suspension without the polymer is less stable at pH 3, whereas at pH 6 and 9, the systems were stable. PAA with molecular weights 100 000 and 240 000 at pH 3 (improvement of system stability conditions) and PAA 2 000 at pH 6 (deterioration of suspension stability) have a great effect on the silica-alumina suspension stability. The stabilization-flocculation properties of polyacrylic acid are a result of a specific conformation of its chains on the solid surface where it depends on the solution pH and the polymer molecular weight.

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49

Esmaeili, H., S. Azizi, and D. Mowla. "Modeling of Colloid Adsorption in Colloidal Suspension by Using of Adsorbent Particles." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 33, no. 11 (October 15, 2012): 1552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2011.623553.

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50

Na, Jae Sik, Sang Soon Park, Chun Ho Kim, Sang Bong Lee, and Byung Ok Jung. "Effect of Stabilization of Changing Viscosity in Chitosan Solution as a Bio-Adsorbent." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.925.

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The emulsion stabilizing potential of chitosans was compared in the presence of organic additives. The 4 types suspension of 0.1 wt% of chitosan flocculant were obtained by mixing of chitosan colloidal dispersion with three kinds of additives; sorbic acid, benzoic acid and dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT). The viscosity of emulsion revealed the following order of stabilizing potentials; sorbic acid > benzoic acid > BHT. As a bio-adsorbent for the treatment of biomedical wastewater, the results were capable of adsorbing more than 30% of pure chitosan. The chitosan emulsions represented that the removal efficiency were increased by COD 59.2%, BOD 70.1%, Zn 77.1%, Cu 93.7%, E. coli 99.4%. As a result of this investigation, it is remarked that the high stabilizing potential of chitosan solution is explained by higher adsorption efficiency with organics, heavy metals and microorganism, and that the effectiveness of chitosan solution for coagulating biomedical wastewater suspension could be improved due to stabilization of the viscosity in the presence of organic additives.

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