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Pujolràs-Noguer, Esther, Emma Domínguez-Rué, and Marice l Oró-Piqueras. "Exploring the Interstices of Aging and Narrative Agency in M.G. Vassanji’s The Book of Secrets and Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea /." Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, no. 82 (2021): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2021.82.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indian Ocean literature has captured the porousness and fluidity that configure the Indian Ocean space through narrations in which history and memory, both individual and collective, blend to voice the uninhabited silence forged by unsettled colonialism. M.G. Vassanji’s The Book of Secrets (1994) and Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea (2001) are perspicuous exponents of the undertows that lurk behind the troubled existence of uprooted individuals for whom the act of telling stories becomes their means of survival. Given the old age of the protagonists of both novels, Pius Fernandes in The Book of Secrets and Saleh Omar in By the Sea, this article examines the power of narration from the perspective of narrative gerontology. Imbued with the spirit of Scheherazade’s The Arabian Nights, itself an Indian Ocean literary reference, Pius Fernandes and Saleh Omar biographical accounts become the source of their literal / literary survival.
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Siddiqi, Mobin, and Rafia Azmat. "The Arabian Sea – Marine Pollution Viz A Viz Existence and Implementation of International Preventative Laws." Polaris – Journal of Maritime Research 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53963/pjmr.2019.004.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tremendously increasing marine pollution is a global threat to the survival of humanity. The correlation between marine pollution and devastating impact on ecological systems and other spheres of environment havealreadybeenproven. Marine pollution is not a localized phenomenon and has its effects on a globalscale; this leads to formulatio n of certain international regulations mutually agreed bysignatory nations. However, in certain parts of the world, including the Indian Ocean, compliance withregulations is not observable. Unsolved partof the puzzle is; why marine pollution continues to exist notwithstanding the evidence that it is so very dangerous. To answer this question, economic, legal, political, scientific, social and technological factors need to be brought under consideration. This study serves a twofold purpose; firstly, it enquires into the deliberation on international law regarding marine pollution in this region; secondly, it identifies the quantity and quality of the mainsources ofmarine pollution in the Indian Ocean. An attempthas beenmade to identify mainsources ofmarine pollution in Indian Ocean followed by a chemical classification of pollutants and extrapolating their temporal impacts on bio-diversity of the region. Understanding ofpollutionsources thataffect Indian Oceanprovidebetter insight for planning and implementation of the necessary regime to prevent, reduce and control marine pollution in the Arabian Sea. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis performed in the region, using advanced analytical techniques to prevent, control and eliminate marine pollution viz-à-viz various conventions put in place in the region depict that strict compliance of the protocols is need of time to save the oceans fromgetting polluted beyond the limitof retrieval to original state.
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R.OZA, SANDIP, R. K. K. SINGH, ABHINAV SRIVASTAVA, MIHIR K.DASH, I. M. L. DAS, and N. K. VYAS. "Inter-annual variations observed in spring and summer Antarctic sea ice extent in recent decade." MAUSAM 62, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v62i4.381.
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The growth and decay of sea ice are complex processes and have important feedback onto the oceanic and atmospheric circulation. In the Antarctic, sea ice variability significantly affects the primary productivity in the Southern Ocean and thereby negatively influences the performance and survival of species in polar ecosystem. In present days, the awareness on the sea ice variability in the Antarctic is not as matured as it is for the Arctic region. The present paper focuses on the inter-annual trends (1999-2009) observed in the monthly fractional sea ice cover in the Antarctic at 1 × 1 degree level, for the November and February months, derived from QuikSCAT scatterometer data. OSCAT scatterometer data from India’s Oceansat-2 satellite were used to asses the sea ice extent (SIE) observed in the month of November 2009 and February 2010 and its deviation from climatic maximum (1979-2002) sea ice extent (CMSIE). Large differences were observed between SIE and CMSIE, however, trend results show that it is due to the high inter-annual variability in sea ice cover. Spatial distribution of trends show the existence of positive and negative trends in the parts of Western Pacific Ocean, Ross Sea, Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas (ABS), Weddell Sea and Indian ocean sector of southern ocean. Sea ice trends are compared with long-term SST trends (1982-2009) observed in the austral summer month of February. Large-scale cooling trend observed around Ross Sea and warming trend in ABS sector are the distinct outcome of the study.
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Gollasch, S. "Survival of tropical ballast water organisms during a cruise from the Indian Ocean to the North Sea." Journal of Plankton Research 22, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/22.5.923.
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B., Anu, and Sanskriti Mishra. "Dumped Weapons & Underwater Arms Race: Analysis of India’s Survival Strength with the Existing Legal Framework." PURUSHARTHA - A journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/16202116104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
India’s role in maritime trade dates back to 1500s as it is bordered with Indian Ocean which is open sea. But it gradually declined when the state was invaded by colonial powers and made forced participation in the World Wars. During the wars Indian Ocean catered as major maritime trade route and hence a lot of warships sank, seized weapons were dumped in the ocean. The dumped weapons include non-deactivated biological and chemical weapons that pose perpetual threat to India and other coastal states. Since Cold War, there was a rise in militarization in the seabed which eventually led to arms race. With digitalization, the facility of remote access has further geared up the arms race in the seabed. There are bundle of laws in the global parlance to regulate the same but the increasing arms race in the seabed creates doubt with respect to the effectiveness. In this outset, it is important to analyze whether India being a coastal state be able to survive the consequences from such arms race and dumped weapons in the seabed with its existing legal framework. For this study, this research paper makes conceptual understanding along with historic analysis of dumping of weapons ad arms race in the seabed. Further the paper conducts thorough study on the existing international legal framework and the territorial laws of India in this regard. The paper also analyses the present trends in seabed arms race in the seabed and put forth suggestions for the state’s better future and security of its people.
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LAVERS, JENNIFER L., SIMEON LISOVSKI, and ALEXANDER L. BOND. "Preliminary survival and movement data for a declining population of Flesh-footed Shearwater Ardenna carneipes in Western Australia provides insights into marine threats." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000084.
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SummarySeabirds face diverse threats on their breeding islands and while at sea. Human activities have been linked to the decline of seabird populations, yet over-wintering areas typically receive little or no protection. Adult survival rates, a crucial parameter for population persistence in long-lived species, tend to be spatially or temporally restricted for many seabird species, limiting our understanding of factors driving population trends at some sites. We used bio-loggers to study the migration of Western Australian Flesh-footed Shearwaters Ardenna carneipes carneipes and estimated adult survival over five years. Western Australia is home to around 35% of the world’s breeding Flesh-footed Shearwaters, a population which was up-listed to Vulnerable in 2015. During the austral winter, shearwaters migrated across the central Indian Ocean to their non-breeding grounds off western Sri Lanka. Low site fidelity on breeding islands, mortality of adult birds at sea (e.g. fisheries bycatch), and low annual breeding frequency likely contributed to the low estimated annual adult survival (2011–2015: ϕ = 0.634-0.835).
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Allamel, Frédéric. "The Houma Indians’ battle against the ocean." Disaster Prevention and Management 25, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-12-2015-0281.
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Purpose – The Houma Indians reside in the backwaters of the Mississippi Delta, a coastal area that is disappearing due to natural subsidence, sea-level rise, and mismanagements of the ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the causes of this ecocide and the responses addressing such environmental challenges, including scientific strategies, political non-intervention, and the United Houma Nation’s plans for preserving a sense of place and togetherness as a prerequisite for its cultural survival. Design/methodology/approach – This ethnographic investigation relies on participant observation, and interviews with tribal leaders, fishermen, trappers, as well as scientists and local politicians. In order to grasp the emic perspective, most interviews were conducted in the Houma French dialect. Findings – The Mississippi Delta epitomizes issues that will shape tomorrow’s world, namely, the vulnerability of coastal areas and the flows of environmental refugees. As shown by this study, coastal residents do not make a passive flux of evacuees responding to state/NGO-run plans. Actually, they are chief agents who either develop resilient strategies or proactive relocation stratagems to avoid ethnocide. Their pragmatic methodologies provide valuable data for any crisis management efforts. Originality/value – This research gives a voice to the voiceless, and conveys their existential struggles from within – unlike most studies of endangered communities relying on outsiders’ viewpoints. This perspective depicts the Houmas as actors of their survival who implement diverse tribal strategies for coping with environmental change.
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Chambellant, Magaly, Gwénaël Beauplet, Christophe Guinet, and Jean-Yves Georges. "Long-term evaluation of pup growth and preweaning survival rates in subantarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus tropicalis, on Amsterdam Island." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 1222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is the first to investigate pup preweaning growth and survival rates over seven consecutive breeding seasons in subantarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus tropicalis, on Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean. Growth and survival were studied in relation to year and pup sex, birth date, birth mass, and growth rate at 60 days of age. The pup growth rate decreased over the 7-year study period and was the lowest ever found in otariids, which suggests that lactating females experience constant low food availability. Male and female pups grew and survived at similar rates. Pups that were heavier at birth grew faster and exhibited better early survival (i.e., the first 2 months of life) than pups that were lighter at birth. However, no such relationship was detected for late survival (i.e., from 2 months to weaning) in this long-lactating species. No relationship was found between pup growth rate, pup survival rate, and sea-surface temperature (SST) gradient during the study period, especially during the later years of good trophic conditions (i.e., a high SST gradient). Such dissociations suggest that variation in food availability may not be the only factor influencing pup performance until weaning. We therefore propose that the subantarctic fur seal population is reaching its carrying capacity and that a density-dependent effect is occurring on Amsterdam Island.
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Majumder, Amit. "An Empirical Study on Socio-Economic Conditions of Fishermen of North-East Coastal Region of India." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 11, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v11.n2.p2.
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<p>Fishing is recognised as a source of food since the Stone Age. A fisherman is the one who is involved in the process of capturing fish and other species from a water body for living and earning purposes, which started with an objective of survival and transformed into a source of business. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, fish output in India doubled between 1990 and 2010. India acquires 8129 kilometres of marine coastline involving over 1.5 million people who are directly or indirectly related to fishing industry. Being a natural consumable resource it contributes to food security of India, fish is considered as a consumable source and an income source simultaneously. Traditionally, there exist primarily two forms of fishing-Inland Fishing and Marine Fishing. While the former is preferable to the local customers in India due to variety of tastes, on the other hand the Marine Fishing is considered as one of the significant foreign exchange earners as well as suppliers of huge nutritional requirements for this vast population. Nearly 60 per cent of Indian fish productions are coming from coastal fishing. To step up deep-sea fishing activities, in 1977 the Government extended its territorial control over 200 nautical miles in the ocean. This zone was termed as ‘Exclusive Economic Zone’ (EEZ). About 6.3% of global fish production as well as 1.1% of Indian GDP and 5.15% of agricultural GDP is contributed by Indian fishing industry.</p>
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Evans, Sean M., Caroline McKenna, Stephen D. Simpson, Jennifer Tournois, and Martin J. Genner. "Patterns of species range evolution in Indo-Pacific reef assemblages reveal the Coral Triangle as a net source of transoceanic diversity." Biology Letters 12, no. 6 (June 2016): 20160090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0090.
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The Coral Triangle in the Indo-Pacific is a region renowned for exceptional marine biodiversity. The area could have acted as a ‘centre of origin’ where speciation has been prolific or a ‘centre of survival’ by providing refuge during major environmental shifts such as sea-level changes. The region could also have acted as a ‘centre of accumulation’ for species with origins outside of the Coral Triangle, owing to it being at a central position between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Here, we investigated support for these hypotheses using population-level DNA sequence-based reconstructions of the range evolution of 45 species (314 populations) of Indo-Pacific reef-associated organisms. Our results show that populations undergoing the most ancient establishment were significantly more likely to be closer to the centre of the Coral Triangle than to peripheral locations. The data are consistent with the Coral Triangle being a net source of coral-reef biodiversity for the Indo-Pacific region, suggesting that the region has acted primarily as a centre of survival, a centre of origin or both. These results provide evidence of how a key location can influence the large-scale distributions of biodiversity over evolutionary timescales.
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Avian, Massimo, Gregorio Motta, Mattia Prodan, Enrico Tordoni, Vanessa Macaluso, Alfred Beran, Alenka Goruppi, Giovanni Bacaro, and Valentina Tirelli. "Asexual Reproduction and Strobilation of Sanderia malayensis (Scyphozoa, Pelagiidae) in Relation to Temperature: Experimental Evidence and Implications." Diversity 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sanderia malayensis is a scyphozoan species present in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, ranging from the Suez Canal to Japan. Although this jellyfish is commonly kept in aquariums around the world, there is a knowledge gap regarding its biology and ecology, especially at the polyp stage. In this study, we tested the asexual reproductive activity of S. malayensis at three different temperatures: 10, 15 and 20 °C. Results showed significant increases of polyps at 15 and 20 °C, and a minimum at 10 °C, corresponding with daily budding rates of 6.61% ± 0.92%, 5.85% ± 2.36% and 0.66% ± 0.24%, respectively. Moreover, a second experiment was carried out to report about the ability of S. malayensis to prey on Aurelia solida at the ephyra stage. Unidirectional predation of S. malayensis ephyrae on A. solida and an absence of inverse predation was observed. These results could give new insights on the potential fitness and survival of this species if it will ever invade the Mediterranean Sea.
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Triyatmo, B., and M. Y. Solin. "Productivity of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) on semi-intensive cultivation ponds in Parangtritis Village, Bantul Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 919, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study aimed to determine the productivity of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in semi-intensive ponds in Parangtritis Village, Bantul Regency. The study was conducted from January to February 2021. The study was conducted by direct observation of two ponds with a stocking density of average 95 shrimps larvae/m2. The ponds studied had the same area of 2,000 m2, the depth of pond water was 1 m at the edge and 1.5 m in the middle, and the water volume was about 2,500 m3. The source of water was pumped directly from the sea water of Parangtritis Beach, Indian Ocean. The data of ponds shrimp production were obtained from observations of shrimp harvests at that time (as primary data) and yields of several cycles from 2014 to 2020 (as secondary data). The results of data collection were presented descriptively. The results showed that the shrimps were reared in the ponds for each production cycle within 76 to 120 days (average 95 days), harvesting was done partially (1 to 4 times), with pond productivity ranging from 14,600 to 41,175 kg of shrimp/hectare/cycle (average 25,133 kg shrimp/hectare/cycle), feed conversion ratio 1.0 to 2.2 (average 1.3) and survival rate 67 to 100% (average 95%). The productivity of ponds at Parangtritis Village coastal were higher than other Bantul Regency coastal area. These were probably because of : the quantity and quality of water sources were better; the layout of the pond were not too crowded; and stocking densities could be higher and shrimp were partially harvested.
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Bezuidenhout, K., R. Nel, DS Schoeman, and L. Hauser. "Historic dispersal barriers determine genetic structure and connectivity in a supratidal sandy-beach brooder." Marine Ecology Progress Series 674 (September 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13839.
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The supralittoral zones of sandy beaches are particularly vulnerable to coastal development and other activities that cause localised habitat destruction. Supratidal species, such as peracarid crustaceans, which lack a pelagic larval phase and tend to avoid direct contact with the swash, are therefore expected to be distributed as isolated populations, with implications for their long-term survival. Genetic population structure of one such species, the pill bug Tylos capensis, was investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotype sequences, to assess demographic history and regional population connectivity in the presence of potential dispersal barriers (an estuary, coastal cliffs) along the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa. Here, pill bugs demonstrated strong and significant genetic structure at the regional scale, with 3 distinct clades across the species’ geographic distribution. At a localised spatial scale, coastal cliffs intersecting the high shore appeared to be a strong barrier to gene flow between adjacent populations, while a permanently open estuary did not limit gene flow. Estimates of historic gene flow and patterns of COI differentiation coincided with greater habitat continuity during the Pleistocene glaciations at sea levels between -75 and -120 m, when the African south coast was probably dominated by sandy beaches. While gene flow among low-dispersing pill bug populations is unlikely to benefit from a network of closely spaced coastal protected areas, the isolated nature of this species, coupled with the cryptic diversity inherent in this taxon, emphasizes the need for their protection. The importance of protecting the intact littoral active zone of beaches is highlighted.
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Goçalo, Cássia Gongora, and Rubens M. Lopes. "Movement Behavior of the Dusky Grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) in Early Life Stages." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 7 (June 25, 2024): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) is a vulnerable predatory fish found in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, and in the Mediterranean Sea. This study investigates the movement patterns of grouper larvae (151 individuals) during their first feeding period (three to ten days post hatching) through laboratory experiments offering rotifers (Brachionus sp.) and copepod nauplii as food. High-speed cameras and imaging techniques including bright field microscopy, matched filters, and holography captured rapid displacements (up to 25 body lengths per second), peduncle caudal beats (up to 40 beats s−1), turns, and resting periods. Reynolds numbers ranged from <45 for routine swimming to 222 for burst swimming. Specific behaviors, including changes in swimming velocity and body movements, were observed from three days post hatching, when feeding begins, suggestive of an array of responses to environmental forcing, predator avoidance, food search, and feeding success. These findings provide insights into the critical movement performances of E. marginatus larvae, which help to unravel their ecological interactions and survival strategies. Understanding grouper larval swimming behavior is pivotal for devising effective cultivation strategies aimed at replenishing wild stocks and enhancing production for human consumption.
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Guinet, C., N. Servera, T. Deville, and G. Beauplet. "Changes in subantarctic fur seal pups' activity budget and diving behaviours throughout the rearing period." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-087.
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Time spent in the water and diving behaviour of subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872)) at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean were investigated using time–depth recorders throughout the pup-rearing period. The main finding of this study, contrary to the findings of previous studies conducted on other fur seal species, was the decrease in the mean daily amount of time spent in the water throughout the pup-rearing period. The decrease in the amount of time spent in the water by older individuals compared with younger ones is likely to be related to the reduction of the pups' energy expenditure with a decreasing provisioning rate by their mothers. No change in the number of dives or the amount of time dedicated to diving relative to the time spent in the water could be detected throughout the pup-rearing period. The mean maximum dive depth increased with pup age and decreased with pup mass, and maximum dive duration was also found to increase with pup age. The positive effect of pup size on dive rates was the only relationship suggesting that pups' growth performance may act positively on the ontogeny of their diving capabilities. The large interindividual variation in the amount of time spent in the water and in dive rates, and the absence of any clear relationship with pup mass and pup growth performance, suggest the existence of alternative strategies: either pups invest more energy in developing their swimming and diving abilities, to the detriment of the body fat stores, or reduce their activity level to enhance body fat stores to increase their postweaning survival rate.
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Brown, J., C. A. Clayson, L. Kantha, and T. Rojsiraphisal. "North Indian Ocean variability during the Indian Ocean dipole." Ocean Science Discussions 5, no. 2 (June 9, 2008): 213–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-213-2008.
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Abstract. The circulation in the North Indian Ocean (NIO henceforth) is highly seasonally variable. Periodically reversing monsoon winds (southwesterly during summer and northeasterly during winter) give rise to seasonally reversing current systems off the coast of Somalia and India. In addition to this annual monsoon cycle, the NIO circulation varies semiannually because of equatorial currents reversing four times each year. These descriptions are typical, but how does the NIO circulation behave during anomalous years, during an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) for instance? Unfortunately, in situ observational data are rather sparse and reliance has to be placed on numerical models to understand this variability. In this paper, we estimate the surface current variability from a 12-year hindcast of the NIO for 1993–2004 using a 1/2° resolution circulation model that assimilates both altimetric sea surface height anomalies and sea surface temperature. Presented in this paper is an examination of surface currents in the NIO basin during the IOD. During the non-IOD period of 2000–2004, the typical equatorial circulation of the NIO reverses four times each year and transports water across the basin preventing a large sea surface temperature difference between the western and eastern NIO. Conversely, IOD years are noted for strong easterly and westerly wind outbursts along the equator. The impact of these outbursts on the NIO circulation is to reverse the direction of the currents – when compared to non-IOD years – during the summer for negative IOD events (1996 and 1998) and during the fall for positive IOD events (1994 and 1997). This reversal of current direction leads to large temperature differences between the western and eastern NIO.
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De Silva, Chandra Richard. "Indian Ocean but not African Sea." Journal of Black Studies 29, no. 5 (May 1999): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193479902900507.
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Baru, Sanjaya. "Indian Ocean Perspectives: From Sea Power to Ocean Prosperity." Strategic Analysis 43, no. 5 (September 3, 2019): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2019.1666519.
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Kleijne, Annelies. "Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean." Marine Micropaleontology 17, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 1–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(91)90023-y.
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Fadlan, Ahmad, Muchammad Rizki, Tomi Ilham Pahlewi, Mohammad Ridwan Nur Prasetyo, Fajar Masan Bali, Imelda Umiyatul Badriyah, and Muhammad Aldi Lukman. "Variations in Short Wave Radiation and Ocean Temperature in the Tropical Indian Ocean." Buletin Oseanografi Marina 10, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v10i2.36552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to know the results of the relation between short wave radiation (SWR) and sea temperature. This study used data of SWR and sea temperature from RAMA buoy which part of the data was obtained by the INA-PRIMA 2019. Besides, the SWR and Sea Temperature model data from ERA-5 and Copernicus were required to see these spatial and temporal variations. Diurnal analysis to determine the sea temperature responds to SWR parameters. While monthly analysis to see the variations of SWR and the sea temperature during Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The results show that there is a different response at sea temperature for each layer to the SWR parameter in diurnal. SWR can affect sea temperatures until 20 meters of depth. There is a time lag between 2 and 3 hours when the sun heats the sea until the sea surface temperature increases. The 20 meters of depth has a lag time until 4 hours. As for 40 to 80 meters of depth, the sea temperature was not longer responded by SWR, and the temperature is changed by the strength of these mixing.Warm pools are generally located in East Indian Ocean and the high SWR were very strong in West Indian Ocean along an anual.
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Righton, David, Jeremy Kemp, and Rupert Ormond. "Biogeography, Community Structure and Diversity of Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Butterflyfishes." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 1 (February 1996): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029167.
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Patterns of variation in the assemblage structure of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) of the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean have been compared. There is a lower number of species in the Red Sea, a high proportion of which are endemic to the region, both features that have been attributed to the relatively recent origin of the Red Sea. In the Red Sea overall mean abundance of butterflyfish is greatest in the central part, decreasing both to north and south. Several species present in the southern Red Sea are absent from the north. By contrast, most western Indian Ocean species are widely distributed within the Indo-West Pacific. Comparative field studies in the northern Red Sea (Egypt) and western Indian Ocean (Kenya) showed that mean number of species was higher in the western Indian Ocean, but mean density of butterflyfishes was higher in the Red Sea. In both areas diversity of butterflyfish was related to mean substrate diversity (the number of coral growth forms). Mean spatial niche breadth of butterflyfish species was much higher in the Red Sea than in the western Indian Ocean, whereas the extent of microhabitat use was higher in the western Indian Ocean. It is suggested that these differences may be related to the more recent evolution of the Red Sea fauna.
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Chen, Mingyue, Wanqiu Wang, Arun Kumar, Hui Wang, and Bhaskar Jha. "Ocean Surface Impacts on the Seasonal-Mean Precipitation over the Tropical Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 25, no. 10 (May 14, 2012): 3566–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00318.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study analyzes factors affecting the predictability of seasonal-mean precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean. The analysis focuses on the contributions from the local sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the Indian Ocean, the remote SST forcing related to ENSO in the tropical eastern Pacific, and the role of local air–sea coupling. To understand the impacts of the individual factors, the prediction skill over the tropical Indian Ocean for four model simulations, but with different treatments for the ocean, are compared. The seasonality in precipitation skill, the local precipitation–SST relationship, and prediction skill related to Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) are examined. It is found that the importance of the accuracy of local SST and the presence of local air–sea coupling in the Indian Ocean has a strong seasonal dependence. Accurate local SSTs are important during the boreal fall season, whereas the local air–sea coupling is important during the boreal spring. The precipitation skill over the Indian Ocean during boreal winter is primarily from ENSO. However, ENSO impacts are better realized with the inclusion of an interactive ocean. For all four seasons, the simulation without the interannual variations of local SST in the Indian Ocean shows the least precipitation skill and a much weaker seasonality. It is also found that, for the simulation where the global SSTs are relaxed to the observations and hence maintain some level of active air–sea coupling, the observed seasonal cycle of precipitation–SST relationship is reproduced reasonably well. In addition, the analysis also shows that simulations with accurate SST forcing display high precipitation skill during strong IODM events, indicating that IODM SST acts as a forcing for the atmospheric variability.
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Ernawati, Regita, Pujo Widodo, Herlina JR Saragih, Panji Suwarno, Marsetio Marsetio, and Surya Wiranto. "Analysis Of International Shipping Path Determination In Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes III (IASL III) Using Dynamic Programming." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 38, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.1.5261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When a country has made part of its territorial waters open for international shipping, so the country has carried out its obligations as an archipelagic state accompanied by the granting of navigational rights to foreign ships and aircraft. The right of navigation is the right of foreign countries to freely sail along international waters and receive security protection along IASL I, IASL II, and IASL III from archipelagic countries. The determination of Indonesian Archipelagic Crossings creates benefits as well as a challenge to the sovereignty of the archipelagic state. With the change from a closed area to an open area for international shipping, issues related to the safety and security of shipping along archipelagic sea lanes arise. IASL is a guide or reference so that foreign ships do not violate the territorial waters of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the determination of international shipping lanes at IASL III to obtain the optimal route with minimum mileage. This study was limited to IASL III, namely the IASL III-A route from the Pacific Ocean across the Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait, and Sawu Sea. IASL Branch III B: from the Pacific Ocean across the Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea and Leti Strait to the Indian Ocean. IASL Branch III C: from the Pacific Ocean across the Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea to the Arafura Sea. IASL Branch III D: from the Pacific Ocean across the Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait and Sawu Sea to the Indian Ocean. IASL Branch III E: from the Indian Ocean across the Sawu Sea, Ombai Strait, Banda Sea, Seram Sea and Maluku Sea combined into 1 (one) route from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean resulting in the optimal route with the minimum distance obtained from the smallest value at every stage. The selected route is (1. Pacific Ocean-5. Ombai Strait-8. Sawu Sea-9. Indian Ocean) with a distance from the Pacific Ocean to the Ombai Strait is 10,596.55. The Ombai Strait to the Sawu Sea is 211.28. Sawu Sea to the Indian Ocean is 2,978.61. So that the total voyage distance is 13,786.44 Nautical miles (Nm). This study uses quantitative methods and Multistage Graph problem-solving techniques with backward or bottom-up Dynamic Programming methods, as well as secondary data collection such as: documents/journals/books.Keywords— International Shipping Path, Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes III (IASL III), Dynamic Programming.
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Kastoro. "THE SEMIDIURNAL M2 TIDE IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS." Marine Research in Indonesia 26, no. 1 (May 11, 1987): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v26i0.405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The semidiurnal tides of the Pacific and Indian Oceans penetrate deeply into the Southeast Asian waters. The tides of the Pacific Ocean govern the whole of the China Sea, the Philippines waters and the Sulawesi Sea while the tides of the Indian Ocean govern the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait. The Maluku Sea, the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea are the boundary region between tides from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the Java Sea the semidiurnal tide is produced mainly by the tide from the Indian Ocean. At the boundary region, the amplitudes are generally very small. As an example of a boundary region, the tides of the Sunda Strait are considered in some detail. An analytical solution of two overlapping standing waves, one wave resulting from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Indian Ocean and the other standing wave from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Java Sea, adequately describe the M2 tide in the Sunda Strait.
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Kastoro. "THE SEMIDIURNAL M2 TIDE IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS." Marine Research in Indonesia 26 (May 11, 1987): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v26i1.405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The semidiurnal tides of the Pacific and Indian Oceans penetrate deeply into the Southeast Asian waters. The tides of the Pacific Ocean govern the whole of the China Sea, the Philippines waters and the Sulawesi Sea while the tides of the Indian Ocean govern the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait. The Maluku Sea, the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea are the boundary region between tides from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the Java Sea the semidiurnal tide is produced mainly by the tide from the Indian Ocean. At the boundary region, the amplitudes are generally very small. As an example of a boundary region, the tides of the Sunda Strait are considered in some detail. An analytical solution of two overlapping standing waves, one wave resulting from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Indian Ocean and the other standing wave from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Java Sea, adequately describe the M2 tide in the Sunda Strait.
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Wang, Jian, Xiang Li, Xue Han, Yunfei Zhang, Xingrong Chen, and Jing Tan. "Analysis of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean." Atmosphere 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the 30-year global hourly sea surface temperature (SST) dataset (MLSST) produced by the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, we analyzed the variability of diurnal sea surface temperature amplitude (DSST) of the tropical Indian Ocean at multiple time scales, as well as its influencing factors. The results show that the DSST in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and equatorial Indian Ocean exhibits a bimodal seasonal variation with a semi-annual cycle, while the DSST in the southern Indian Ocean shows an annual cycle. The seasonal variation of DSST is mainly influenced by factors such as sea surface wind speed, shortwave solar radiation, and precipitation. The DSST in the equatorial Indian Ocean is generally higher during El Niño years compared to La Niña years. At the intraseasonal scale, the large standard deviation of DSST in boreal winter is mainly distributed in the southern hemisphere, while the large standard deviation of DSST in boreal summer shifts northward. The intraseasonal variation amplitude of DSST in boreal winter of the tropical Indian Ocean is greater than that in boreal summer. The DSST in the tropical Indian Ocean exhibits significant variation characteristics at multi-time scales. This study provides reference for numerical simulation of air-sea interaction patterns in the tropical Indian Ocean, as well as improvement of short-term climate prediction.
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Rashid, Harunur, Yang Wang, and Alexandra T. Gourlan. "Impact of Climate Change on Past Indian Monsoon and Circulation: A Perspective Based on Radiogenic and Trace Metal Geochemistry." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indian summer monsoon (ISM), one of the dramatic illustrations of seasonal hydrological variability in the climate system, affects billions of lives. The ISM dominantly controls the northern Indian Ocean sea-surface salinity, mostly in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, by the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Irrawaddy-Salween rivers outflow and direct rainfall. In the past decade, numerous studies have used radiogenic neodymium (εNd) isotopes of seawater to link Indian subcontinent erosion and the ensuing increase in discharge that results in changes in the north Indian Ocean sea surface. Here we synthesized the state of the ISM and ocean circulation using the neodymium and hafnium isotopes from north Indian Ocean deep-sea sediments. Our data suggest that the Bay of Bengal and north Indian Ocean sea-surface conditions were most likely modulated by changes in the ISM strength during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. These findings contrast to the hypothesis that suggests that the bottom water neodymium isotopes of the northern Indian Ocean were modulated by switching between two distant sources, namely North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic bottom water. Furthermore, the consistency between the neodymium and hafnium isotopes during the last glacial maximum and Holocene suggests a weak and dry ISM and strong and wet conditions, respectively. These data also indicate that the primary source of these isotopes was the Himalayas. Our results support the previously published paleo-proxy records, indicating weak and strong monsoons for the same periods. Moreover, our data further support the hypothesis that the northern Indian Ocean neodymium isotopes were decoupled from the global ocean neodymium budget due to the greater regional influence by the great Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Irrawaddy-Salween discharge draining the Indian subcontinent to the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.
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Claudya, Sania Glory, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, and Mubarak Mubarak. "THE EFFECT OF THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) PHENOMENON ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN THE MALACCA STRAIT." Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 11, 2023): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.6.2.210-223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon is a phenomenon that occurs in the Indian Ocean due to differences in sea surface temperature anomalies between the Western Indian Ocean and Eastern Indian Ocean regions. This interaction produces high pressure in the Eastern Indian Ocean (South of Java and West of Sumatra) which causes the flow of air masses to blow westward. The IOD phenomenon affects oceanographic parameters such as sea surface temperature, salinity, currents, and sea level rise in Indonesian waters. The Malacca Strait is a very important waterway because it connects the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean) so it is strongly influenced by the IOD phenomenon. This research was conducted from November 2022 - February 2023. Global data collection in this study was located in the waters of the Strait of Melaka and data collection for validation was carried out in the waters of North Rupat. This study uses data analysis using secondary data and primary data to validate the secondary data used so that it can prove that the global data in this study are accurate. The results of this study found that in the period 2013 - 2022, the range of sea surface temperature of the Malacca Strait is 27 - 32°C. The salinity of the Malacca Strait waters ranges from 32.54 - 33.49 ppt. The current speed in the Malacca Strait is classified as weak to strong with the direction of movement of the Malacca Strait ocean currents back and forth. The Malacca Strait waters have a mixed tidal type of double daily inclination with an F value of 0.6 cm. The sea level rise in the Malacca Strait ranges from 0.50 - 0.76 cm. The IOD phenomenon affects sea surface temperature, salinity, sea level rise, and current velocity depending on the IOD phase
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Berlin, Don. "Sea power, land power and the Indian Ocean." Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 6, no. 1 (June 2010): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2010.489670.
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Upadhyay, S., and R. Sen Gupta. "Aluminium in the northwestern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea)." Marine Chemistry 47, no. 3-4 (November 1994): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90020-5.
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Hofmeyr, I. "The Complicating Sea: The Indian Ocean as Method." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 32, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-1891579.
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Phillips, Helen E., Amit Tandon, Ryo Furue, Raleigh Hood, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Jessica A. Benthuysen, Viviane Menezes, et al. "Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air–sea exchange, and impacts on biogeochemistry." Ocean Science 17, no. 6 (November 26, 2021): 1677–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting changes in water masses, and linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New circulation pathways and mechanisms have been discovered that control atmospheric and oceanic mean state and variability. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, and climate variability. Coordinated international focus on the Indian Ocean has motivated the application of new technologies to deliver higher-resolution observations and models of Indian Ocean processes. As a result we are discovering the importance of small-scale processes in setting the large-scale gradients and circulation, interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes, interactions between boundary currents and the interior, and interactions between the surface and the deep ocean. A newly discovered regional climate mode in the southeast Indian Ocean, the Ningaloo Niño, has instigated more regional air–sea coupling and marine heatwave research in the global oceans. In the last decade, we have seen rapid warming of the Indian Ocean overlaid with extremes in the form of marine heatwaves. These events have motivated studies that have delivered new insight into the variability in ocean heat content and exchanges in the Indian Ocean and have highlighted the critical role of the Indian Ocean as a clearing house for anthropogenic heat. This synthesis paper reviews the advances in these areas in the last decade.
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Lan, Ming, Marco Y. T. Leung, Dongxiao Wang, Weijie Feng, and Wei Yang. "Effect of SST in the Northwest Indian Ocean on Synoptic Eddies over the South China Sea-Philippine Sea in June." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Synoptic eddies (with a period of two to eight days) are active in the South China Sea-Philippine Sea (SCS-PS) and control weather variations. In addition, the intensity and frequency of synoptic eddies may change along with variations in sea surface temperatures (SST). This paper presented the influence of SST in the northwest Indian Ocean on synoptic eddies in the lower troposphere over the SCS-PS in June. Our statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the SST in the northwest Indian Ocean and the synoptic scale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the SCS-PS. By analyzing the EKE budget of synoptic eddies, we found that the variation in the synoptic scale EKE over the SCS-PS is mainly due to the change in the monthly zonal wind gradient, which affects the barotropic energy conversion between the monthly mean flow and the synoptic eddies. Additionally, the northwest Indian Ocean SST modulates the monthly flow over the SCS-PS by alternating the strength of the Walker circulation in the west Pacific and Indian Ocean. Finally, the influence of SST in the northwest Indian Ocean on EKE in the SCS-PS was reproduced using the simplified atmospheric general circulation model, SPEEDY.
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Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Alexander Sen Gupta, Matthew H. England, and Chris J. C. Reason. "Contributions of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures to Enhanced East African Rainfall." Journal of Climate 22, no. 4 (February 15, 2009): 993–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2493.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Links between extreme wet conditions over East Africa and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) are investigated during the core of the so-called short rain season in October–November. During periods of enhanced East African rainfall, Indian Ocean SST anomalies reminiscent of a tropical Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event are observed. Ensemble simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model are used to understand the relative effect of local and large-scale Indian Ocean SST anomalies on above-average East African precipitation. The importance of the various tropical and subtropical IOD SST poles, both individually and in combination, is quantified. In the simulations, enhanced East African “short rains” are predominantly driven by the local warm SST anomalies in the western equatorial Indian Ocean, while the eastern cold pole of the tropical IOD is of lesser importance. The changed East African rainfall distribution can be explained by a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation induced by the SST anomalies. A reduction in sea level pressure over the western half of the Indian Ocean and converging wind anomalies over East Africa lead to moisture convergence and increased convective activity over the region. The pattern of large-scale circulation changes over the tropical Indian Ocean and adjacent landmasses is consistent with an anomalous strengthening of the Walker cell. The seasonal cycle of various indices related to the SST and the atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Indian Ocean are examined to assess their potential usefulness for seasonal forecasting.
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Zhang, Lei, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, and Nicole S. Lovenduski. "Variability of Sea Level and Upper-Ocean Heat Content in the Indian Ocean: Effects of Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO." Journal of Climate 32, no. 21 (September 26, 2019): 7227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0167.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this study, the Indian Ocean upper-ocean variability associated with the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) is investigated. We find that the SIOD is associated with a prominent southwest–northeast sea level anomaly (SLA) dipole over the western-central south Indian Ocean, with the north pole located in the Seychelles–Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR) and the south pole at southeast of Madagascar, which is different from the distribution of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA). While the thermocline depth and upper-ocean heat content anomalies mirror SLAs, the air–sea CO2 flux anomalies associated with SIOD are controlled by SSTA. In the SCTR region, the westward propagation of oceanic Rossby waves generated by anomalous winds over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean is the major cause for the SLAs, with cyclonic wind causing negative SLAs during positive SIOD (pSIOD). Local wind forcing is the primary driver for the SLAs southeast of Madagascar, with anticyclonic winds causing positive SLAs. Since the SIOD is correlated with ENSO, the relative roles of the SIOD and ENSO are examined. We find that while ENSO can induce significant SLAs in the SCTR region through an atmospheric bridge, it has negligible impact on the SLA to the southeast of Madagascar. By contrast, the SIOD with ENSO influence removed is associated with an opposite SLA in the SCTR and southeast of Madagascar, corresponding to the SLA dipole identified above. A new subtropical dipole mode index (SDMI) is proposed, which is uncorrelated with ENSO and thus better represents the pure SIOD effect.
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Jensen, Tommy G. "Wind-Driven Response of the Northern Indian Ocean to Climate Extremes*." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2007): 2978–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4150.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Composites of Florida State University winds (1970–99) for four different climate scenarios are used to force an Indian Ocean model. In addition to the mean climatology, the cases include La Niña, El Niño, and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The differences in upper-ocean water mass exchanges between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are investigated and show that, during El Niño and IOD years, the average clockwise Indian Ocean circulation is intensified, while it is weakened during La Niña years. As a consequence, high-salinity water export from the Arabian Sea into the Bay of Bengal is enhanced during El Niño and IOD years, while transport of low-salinity waters from the Bay of Bengal into the Arabian Sea is enhanced during La Niña years. This provides a venue for interannual salinity variations in the northern Indian Ocean.
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Dutta, Koushik, Ravi Bhushan та B. L. K. Somayajulu. "ΔR Correction Values for the Northern Indian Ocean". Radiocarbon 43, № 2A (2001): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apparent marine radiocarbon ages are reported for the northern Indian Ocean region for the pre-nuclear period, based on measurements made in seven mollusk shells collected between 1930 and 1954. The conventional 14C ages of these shells range from 693 ± 44 to 434 ± 51 BP in the Arabian Sea and 511 ± 34 to 408 ± 51 BP in the Bay of Bengal. These ages correspond to mean ΔR correction values of 163 ± 30 yr for the northern Arabian Sea, 11 ± 35 yr for the eastern Bay of Bengal (Andaman Sea) and 32 ± 20 yr for the southern Bay of Bengal. Contrasting reservoir ages for these two basins are most likely due to differences in their thermocline ventilation rates.
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Wu, Renguang. "Possible Role of the Indian Ocean in the Out-of-Phase Transition of the Australian to Indian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Climate 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2009): 1834–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2602.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The present study investigates processes for out-of-phase transitions from the Australian summer monsoon (ASM) to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Two types of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transitions have been identified, depending on the evolution of the Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The first type of transition is accompanied by a phase switch of ENSO in boreal spring to early summer. In the second type of transition, ENSO maintains its phase through boreal summer. The direct ENSO forcing plays a primary role for the first type of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition, with complementary roles from the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that are partly induced by ENSO. The second type of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition involves air–sea interaction processes in the tropical Indian Ocean that generate the north Indian Ocean SST anomalies and contribute to the monsoon transition. The initiation of tropical Indian Ocean air–sea interaction is closely related to ENSO in observations, but could also occur without ENSO according to a coupled general circulation model simulation. Results of numerical simulations substantiate the role of the Indian Ocean air–sea interaction in the out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition.
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Annamalai, H., S. P. Xie, J. P. McCreary, and R. Murtugudde. "Impact of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature on Developing El Niño*." Journal of Climate 18, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3268.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Prior to the 1976–77 climate shift (1950–76), sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean consisted of a basinwide warming during boreal fall of the developing phase of most El Niños, whereas after the shift (1977–99) they had an east–west asymmetry—a consequence of El Niño being associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode. In this study, the possible impact of these contrasting SST patterns on the ongoing El Niño is investigated, using atmospheric reanalysis products and solutions to both an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and a simple atmospheric model (LBM), with the latter used to identify basic processes. Specifically, analyses of reanalysis products during the El Niño onset indicate that after the climate shift a low-level anticyclone over the South China Sea was shifted into the Bay of Bengal and that equatorial westerly anomalies in the Pacific Ocean were considerably stronger. The present study focuses on determining influence of Indian Ocean SST on these changes. A suite of AGCM experiments, each consisting of a 10-member ensemble, is carried out to assess the relative importance of remote (Pacific) versus local (Indian Ocean) SST anomalies in determining precipitation anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. Solutions indicate that both local and remote SST anomalies are necessary for realistic simulations, with convection in the tropical west Pacific and the subsequent development of the South China Sea anticyclone being particularly sensitive to Indian Ocean SST anomalies. Prior to the climate shift, the basinwide Indian Ocean SST anomalies generate an atmospheric Kelvin wave associated with easterly flow over the equatorial west-central Pacific, thereby weakening the westerly anomalies associated with the developing El Niño. In contrast, after the shift, the east–west contrast in Indian Ocean SST anomalies does not generate a significant Kelvin wave response, and there is little effect on the El Niño–induced westerlies. The Linear Baroclinic Model (LBM) solutions confirm the AGCM’s results.
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Bishara, Fahad Ahmad. "History at Sea." Matatu 52, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05201001.
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Abstract This article invites readers to rethink the work that routes can do in world history by braiding together the spatial and historical imaginaries of an itinerant community: the dhow captains (nakhodas) of Kuwait. Through a close reading of two genres of nakhoda writings, logbooks and nautical manuals, it explores the deliberate process by which they constructed their movement across the sea. It suggests that for dhows, travel across the Indian Ocean was a voyage through world history itself—a route along a recent and distant past, entangled with an imperial present. Through these materials historians can move towards a sense of space and time that foregrounds the imaginative processes that produce the Indian Ocean as an historical arena on the part of those who spent their lives traversing it.
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Li, Na, Xueming Zhu, Hui Wang, Shouwen Zhang, and Xidong Wang. "Intraseasonal and interannual variability of sea temperature in the Arabian Sea Warm Pool." Ocean Science 19, no. 5 (October 17, 2023): 1437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1437-2023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Arabian Sea Warm Pool (ASWP) is a part of the Indian Ocean Warm Pool, formed in the Arabian Sea before the onset of the Indian summer monsoon. The ASWP has a significant impact on climate change in the Indian Peninsula and globally. In this study, we examined the intraseasonal and interannual variability of sea temperature in the ASWP using the latest Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis dataset. We quantified the contributions of sea surface heat flux forcing, horizontal advection, and vertical entrainment to the sea temperature using the mixed-layer heat budget analysis method. We also used a lead–lag correlation method to examine the relationship between the interannual variability of the ASWP and various large-scale modes in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. We found that the ASWP formed in April and decayed in June; its formation and decay processes were asymmetrical, with the decay rate being twice as fast as the formation rate. During the ASWP development phase, the sea surface heat flux forcing had the largest impact on the mixed-layer temperature with a contribution of up to 85 %. Its impact was divided into the net surface heat flux (0.41–0.50 ∘C per 5 d) and the shortwave radiation loss penetrating the mixed layer (from −0.08 ∘C per 5 d to −0.17 ∘C per 5 d). During the decay phase, the cooling effect of the vertical entrainment on the temperature variation increased (from −0.05 ∘C per 5 d to −0.18 ∘C per 5 d) and dominated the temperature variation jointly with the sea surface heat flux forcing. We also found that the ASWP has strong interannual variability related to the basin warming of the Indian Ocean. The lead–lag correlation indicated that the ASWP had a good synchronous correlation with the Indian Ocean Dipole. The ASWP had the largest correlation coefficient at a lag of 5–7 months of the Niño3.4 index, showing the characteristics of modulation by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). When the El Niño (La Niña) event peaked in the winter of the previous year, the ASWP that occurred before the summer monsoon was more significant (insignificant) in the following year.
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Maharta, I. Putu Ranu Fajar, and Abd Rahman As-syakur. "Distribusi Spasial Salinitas Laut Dari Citra Satelit Aquarius Di Samudera Hindia dan Hubungannya Dengan IOD." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2023.v09.i01.p11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Indian Ocean there is a climatological oscillation phenomenon known as the India Ocean Dipole (IOD). IOD is a phenomenon that occurs due to the interaction between the atmosphere and the sea and is indicated by the presence of sea surface temperature anomalies in the western and eastern Indian Ocean. The IOD phenomenon can affect several physical-chemical parameters, one of which is salinity. To obtain salinity data, Aquarius satellite imagery is used, considering that it is very difficult to collect data in-situ. This study aims to conclude the pattern of distribution of the average salinity in the Indian Ocean every month, the rental pattern of the IOD correlation to the salinity in the Indian Ocean, and investigate the salinity anomaly that occurs during positive IOD cases in August 2012 and negative IOD cases in August 2012. June 2013. Salinity in the Indian Ocean differs between the west and east, and changes every month following the seasons that occur in the tropics. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is very influential on the distribution of salinity in the Indian Ocean because it has a fairly high correlation in almost the entire Indian Ocean. IOD causes salinity anomalies throughout the Indian Ocean, especially in the central part, when positive IOD, the salinity in the middle of the Indian Ocean will decrease, while when negative IOD, the salinity will increase.
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Utari, Putri Adia, Mokhamad Yusup Nur Khakim, Dedi Setiabudidaya, and Iskhaq Iskandar. "Dynamics of 2015 positive Indian Ocean Dipole." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69, no. 1 (2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evolution of typical positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) event was dominated by a significant sea-surface temperature (SST) cooling in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Interestingly, during the evolution of 2015 pIOD event, the SST in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean did not reveal significant cooling, instead anomalous strong SST warming took place in the western tropical Indian Ocean off the East African coast. This anomalous SST warming was associated with a weakening of the Asian summer monsoon. Furthermore, analysis on the mixed layer heat budget demonstrated that the evolution of the 2015 pIOD event could be attributed mainly to the air-sea heat flux. By decomposing the air-sea heat flux, it is found that reduced latent heat loss plays an important role on the SST warming in the western pole and keeping SST warm in the eastern pole. We note that a residual term also may play a role during the initial development of the event. In contrast to the SST pattern, the subsurface temperature revealed a clear positive dipole pattern. Shallow (deep) 20°C isothermal layer in the eastern (western) equatorial Indian Ocean was observed during boreal summer. This robust subsurface dipole pattern indicated that the subsurface ocean response was largely wind driven through the equatorial wave dynamics as previously suggested.
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KHOLE, MEDHA. "Inter-annual and decadal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) over Indian Ocean." MAUSAM 56, no. 4 (January 20, 2022): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i4.1036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the discovery of a dipole in Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the Indian Ocean has been gaining an increasing importance in the context of global climate. SST is one of the important oceanic parameters controlling the ocean climate. In view of this importance, an attempt has been made in this study to examine the inter-annual and inter-seasonal variability of SST over (i) Equatorial Indian Ocean (5° N - 5° S and 50° E - 100° E) and (ii) North Indian Ocean (5° N - 20° N and 50° E - 100° E), during the period 1961-98. The values of seasonal SST anomaly over these sectors of Indian Ocean are computed for the four standard meteorological seasons over India, viz., Winter (January - February), Pre-monsoon (March - May), SW Monsoon (June - September) and Post-Monsoon (October - December). The variability of seasonal SST anomaly is examined, using various standard statistical methods and procedures, on inter-annual as well as decadal time-scale and the results are inter-compared. The SST anomaly over both the above sectors of Indian Ocean, for all the four seasons, shows an increasing trend during 1961-98, more particularly and prominently, after mid-1970s.
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Trenary, Laurie L., and Weiqing Han. "Intraseasonal-to-Interannual Variability of South Indian Ocean Sea Level and Thermocline: Remote versus Local Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 602–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-084.1.
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Abstract The relative importance of local versus remote forcing on intraseasonal-to-interannual sea level and thermocline variability of the tropical south Indian Ocean (SIO) is systematically examined by performing a suite of controlled experiments using an ocean general circulation model and a linear ocean model. Particular emphasis is placed on the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean (TRIO; 5°–12°S, 50°–80°E). On interannual and seasonal time scales, sea level and thermocline variability within the TRIO region is primarily forced by winds over the Indian Ocean. Interannual variability is largely caused by westward propagating Rossby waves forced by Ekman pumping velocities east of the region. Seasonally, thermocline variability over the TRIO region is induced by a combination of local Ekman pumping and Rossby waves generated by winds from the east. Adjustment of the tropical SIO at both time scales generally follows linear theory and is captured by the first two baroclinic modes. Remote forcing from the Pacific via the oceanic bridge has significant influence on seasonal and interannual thermocline variability in the east basin of the SIO and weak impact on the TRIO region. On intraseasonal time scales, strong sea level and thermocline variability is found in the southeast tropical Indian Ocean, and it primarily arises from oceanic instabilities. In the TRIO region, intraseasonal sea level is relatively weak and results from Indian Ocean wind forcing. Forcing over the Pacific is the major cause for interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport, whereas forcing over the Indian Ocean plays a larger role in determining seasonal and intraseasonal ITF variability.
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Achuthavarier, Deepthi, and V. Krishnamurthy. "Role of Indian and Pacific SST in Indian Summer Monsoon Intraseasonal Variability." Journal of Climate 24, no. 12 (June 15, 2011): 2915–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3639.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Three regionally coupled experiments are conducted to examine the role of Indian and Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s Climate Forecast System, a coupled general circulation model. Regional coupling is employed by prescribing daily mean or climatological SST in either the Indian or the Pacific basin while allowing full coupling elsewhere. The results are compared with a fully coupled control simulation. The intraseasonal modes are isolated by applying multichannel singular spectrum analysis on the daily precipitation anomalies. It is found that the amplitude of the northeastward-propagating mode is weaker when the air–sea interaction is suppressed in the Indian Ocean. The intraseasonal mode is not resolved clearly when the Indian Ocean SST is reduced to daily climatology. Intraseasonal composites of low-level zonal wind, latent heat flux, downward shortwave radiation, and SST provide a picture consistent with the proposed mechanisms of air–sea interaction for the northward propagation. The Pacific SST variability does not seem to be critical for the existence of this mode. The northwestward-propagating mode is obtained in the cases where the Indian Ocean was prescribed by daily mean or daily climatological SST. Intraseasonal SST composites corresponding to this mode are weak.
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RAO, P. KRISHNA. "Sea-surface temperature distribution over the Arabian Sea determined from satellite infrared radiation measurements." MAUSAM 23, no. 4 (February 7, 2022): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v23i4.5314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A composite histogram method is used objectively to derive sea-surface temperature distribution over the Arabian Sea and parts of the Indian Ocean. Nimbus III night-time high resolution infrared data for the first six days in November 1969 were selected to make a set of three-day composite charts. Satellite-derived sea-surface temperature distribution exhibited some thermal structure over. the Arabian Sea which was first noticed during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Over most of the Arabian Sea region, the observed temperature change was about I degree Kelvin from one three-day period to the next.
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Ditkovsky, Sam, Laure Resplandy, and Julius Busecke. "Unique ocean circulation pathways reshape the Indian Ocean oxygen minimum zone with warming." Biogeosciences 20, no. 23 (November 29, 2023): 4711–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The global ocean is losing oxygen with warming. Observations and Earth system model projections, however, suggest that this global ocean deoxygenation does not equate to a simple and systematic expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Previous studies have focused on the Pacific Ocean; they showed that the outer OMZ deoxygenates and expands as oxygen supply by advective transport weakens, the OMZ core oxygenates and contracts due to a shift in the composition of the source waters supplied by slow mixing, and in between these two regimes oxygen is redistributed with little effect on OMZ volume. Here, we examine the OMZ response to warming in the Indian Ocean using an ensemble of Earth system model high-emissions scenario experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. We find a similar expansion–redistribution–contraction response but show that the unique ocean circulation pathways of the Indian Ocean lead to far more prominent OMZ contraction and redistribution regimes than in the Pacific Ocean. As a result, only the outermost volumes (oxygen>180 µmol kg−1) expand. The Indian Ocean experiences a broad oxygenation in the southwest driven by a reduction in waters supplied by the Indonesian Throughflow in favor of high-oxygen waters supplied from the southern Indian Ocean gyre. Models also project a strong localized deoxygenation in the northern Arabian Sea due to the rapid warming and shoaling of marginal sea outflows (Red Sea and Persian Gulf) and increases in local stratification with warming. We extend the existing conceptual framework used to explain the Pacific OMZ response to interpret the response in the Indian Ocean.
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RAJEEVAN, M., D. S. PAI, and V. THAPLIYAL. "Predictive relationships between Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and Indian summer monsoon rainfall." MAUSAM 53, no. 3 (January 13, 2022): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v53i3.1650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monthly sea surface temperature (SST) data of 49 years (1950-98) have been analysed to examine the relationship of SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean with Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and to derive useful predictors for long-range forecasts of ISMR. There is significant positive relationship between ISMR and SST anomalies over the Arabian Sea during November to January and also in May. SST anomalies over southeast Indian Ocean during February to March and over North Pacific during May are also positively correlated with ISMR. The composite analysis revealed that in Non-ENSO drought years (1966, 1968, 1974 and 1979) negative SST anomalies are observed over south Indian Ocean from February which slowly spread towards equator during the subsequent months. These negative SST anomalies which persist during the monsoon season may be playing an important role in modulating ISMR especially in non-ENSO years.
We have derived two indices, ARBSST (SST anomalies in Arabian Sea averaged over 15o - 25o N, 50o -70o E and November-December-January) and SIOSST (SST anomalies over south Indian Ocean averaged over 15o -30o S, 70o -110o E and February and March) as useful predictors for the long-range forecasts of ISMR. The correlation coefficient (for the period 1950-98) of ARBSST and SIOSST with ISMR is 0.45 and 0.46 respectively which is statistically significant at 99.9 % level. SIOSST index has shown consistently stable relationship with ISMR. However the ARBSST index showed significant correlation with ISMR only after 1976.
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Pandey, Hemant Kumar, and Akhilesh Dwivedi. "STRATEGIC ROLE OF INDIAN NAVY IN IOR AT PRESENT." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 9, no. 46 (March 25, 2021): 11318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v9i46.1541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) turned out to be the most engaging region for global activities in recent years. The Indian Ocean consists of the most important trade routes of the world. The Indian Ocean provides a way to move through various regions of the world. World's huge economic players always keep an eye on the IOR for its strategic importance. The Indian Ocean is a gateway to the Atlantic Ocean through the Mediterranean Sea via the Red Sea and it also provides a way to the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Malacca. It is the main shipping channel for the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Indian Ocean region is spread over 28 states, three continents and covers 17.5% of the global land area. The IOR is home to almost 36% of the population of the world. The region is proven to have a rich petroleum resources and other metals. Indian Ocean is also a rich source of fish and its export. Major Sea routes of the world pass through the Indian Ocean that connects the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has become a home for economic developments, disputes, conflicts, and competition for regional influence by regional and extra-regional powers. The Trade flow from IOR across the globe has its importance for the global economy as well as regional countries. The growing presence of regional power (China) is a major concern for India and other regional countries and that has compelled them to reshape their maritime strategies. This article aims to state the importance of IOR in Indian reference and Chinese presence in IOR and its strategies.