Дисертації з теми "Surgical and Prosthetic Design"
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Vijaysegaran, Praveen. "An analysis of bioaerosol emissions from orthopaedic surgical clothing." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98751/4/Praveen_Vijaysegaran_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPikhart, Karina N. (Karina Nicole). "Design considerations for prosthetic knees in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54525.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-25).
Introduction: The design of prosthetic limbs is a complicated problem that continues to receive significant attention in research labs and in industry throughout the world. The idea of getting a machine to match human performance is an enticing one, and thus research continues to pursue the challenge of designing devices that can replace the functionality lost via limb amputation. Designers of prosthetics for developing countries face similar challenges. However, that challenge is also supplemented with a number of other contextual factors and considerations that must be made as a designer. As described by Cummings', these factors are social, economic, cultural, and geographic, and also include locally available forms of technology and time and distance constraints. These considerations further complicate the design process, especially for an engineer inexperienced with designing for the developing world and unfamiliar with the specific developing world environment being designed for. These topics have been covered in bits and pieces throughout the literature; this document attempts to cover them all thoroughly and in a logical way. This thesis also aims to provide some mechanism by which the challenge of designing a prosthetic knee for the developing world can be broken down and tackled effectively to yield an appropriate knee design. As amputees in the developing world are often subject to an inescapable life of poverty because they are unable to work and support their families, there is a strong impetus to design effective limbs for this population. This document intends to help facilitate that process. This thesis is inspired by a prosthetic knee design project that began in the class Developing World Prosthetics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in its inaugural term, spring 2008. Though the project was successful in many ways, the design process maybe could have been more effective with a stronger foundation in all the areas that will be covered below. This thesis primarily uses literature review to provide insight into human gait and amputee characteristics, as well as developing world considerations for designers of prosthetic limbs. The aim is to provide a foundation by which one can design effective and appropriate prosthetic devices. A metric is also developed by which those developing world considerations can be managed, weighed and incorporated into the design. In this case, experience and observations from the author's work on prosthetics in India are used to assess the contexts and contributions of various developing world factors to the successful incorporation of a prosthetic knee design into that environment. The document uses India as a case study; however, the thesis should serve as a generalized manual for developing world prosthetic knee design. This document begins with a presentation of human gait characteristics presented in a variety of contexts that can be useful to the designer of a prosthetic knee for the developing world. Then, basic mechanical components that are often used in prosthetic knee design are described, using examples. Finally, a thorough description of the many developing world factors that must be understood to design a sustainable prosthetic knee are discussed, and a table is presented by which those factors can be simply reviewed.
by Karina N. Pikhart.
S.B.
Tenim, Severin. "Design of an affordable anthropomorphic mechanical prosthetic hand." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13280.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation outlines the conceptualisation, design, manufacture, assembly and experimental testing of an affordable anthropomorphic mechanical hand prosthesis. In many countries, upper-limb amputees lack access to prosthetic hand devices. Furthermore, currently available mechanical devices require a large amount of effort to actuate; fatiguing and frustrating patients who have no other alternative but to use them. Consequently, a need has arisen to provide a mechanical device that is affordable enough to be accessible to low and middle-income patients, is functional enough to allow users to easily perform their Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), and is aesthetically appealing enough to ensure that patients feel comfortable and confident when wearing it. Concept solutions of several mechanisms were identified and evaluated from which the final design was selected. Analytical force analysis was used to generate a mathematical model to analyse the response of each dynamic member in the hand. A linear relationship between the input-force and applied grasp-forces of the hand was identified. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) used to investigate the lateral and hyperextensive loading limits of the phalanges, generated results that corresponded well to the experimental outcomes. Amongst the utilised actuation mechanisms (levers, pulleys, tendon-wires, bearings and springs), the tendon-wires were of concern due to their repetitive tensile loading and relative movement with the phalanges. Tensile testing of various tendon-wires and endurance testing of the phalangeal tendon-channels, yielded a combination which surpassed the infinite life requirement of 1,200,000 loading cycles; with carbon-nylon contact wearing at the lowest rate as confirmed by gravimetric tests in accordance with ASTM F2025 (2000). Manufacture of the hand used rapid prototyping in combination with traditional machining methods and standard components, enabling a fully-assembled cost of R 11,628.37; below the required R 18,000 limit. Various power and precision grasping configurations were achieved and the contact forces satisfactorily maintained, using the hand’s built-in locking mechanism. Feedback gathered from the prosthetist and patients suggested making slight alterations to the hand’s aesthetics and to address minor functional challenges, such as the control of the closing trajectory for precision grasps.
Reynolds, David. "The computer aided design of below-knee prosthetic sockets." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309971.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, ZhiYi S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mechatronic design of an ISO 22675 prosthetic foot tester." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123211.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-86).
Researchers in the Global Engineering and Research Lab (GEAR Lab) at MIT have been actively working on an improved design of the most widely distributed prosthetic foot in India, known as the Jaipur Foot. By developing an ISO 22675 prosthetic foot life cycle tester, researchers in GEAR Lab can test the durability of the prosthetic designs and fulfill the life cycle requirements. This thesis explores the mechatronic design of an ISO 22675 prosthetic foot life cycle tester and its contribution towards establishing fatigue testing infrastructure for prosthetics in GEAR Lab. It is broken down into three sub-systems: mechanical design, electrical design, and control architecture. It also serves as a documentation file detailing the engineering design decisions that were made during the development of the project. By building upon a mechanical framework that was established by past researchers, mechanical redesigns were conducted on the force loading assembly and the pivoting loading platform. The redesigned mechanical assembly were tested to be able to sustain maximum test force level with a safety factor of at least 1.5. The redesigned structure also provides adjustability to four crucial geometric parameters specified by the ISO 22675 standard and enables testing of prosthetic foot ranging from 23 cm to 31 cm in length. In addition, a system control PCB was designed and developed to serve as an electrical communication hub for reliable communication between the host controller LabVIEW myRIO-1900, various sensors, and the two actuators responsible for applying the test force and rotating the loading platform. A control architecture was developed and implemented through a LabVIEW parallel timed loop control structure to execute the control loop at a rate of 1kHz to reliably control both the stepper motor and the servo in parallel, read sensor states and display system current real time state through a graphical user interface.
by ZhiYi Liang.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sathe, Rahul D. "Design and Development of a Novel Implantable Prosthetic Vein Valve." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14495.
Повний текст джерелаBrubert, Jacob. "A novel polymeric prosthetic heart valve : design, manufacture, and testing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256312.
Повний текст джерелаMahmood, Nasrul Humaimi. "3D surface reconstruction from multiviews for orthotic and prosthetic design." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494971.
Повний текст джерелаAhmed, M. "Design and development of a prosthetic implant for cardiovascular reconstructions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1334080/.
Повний текст джерелаTanner, Daniel Edward. "Design, analysis, testing, and evaluation of a prosthetic venous valve." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51758.
Повний текст джерелаAnim, Kwaku. "Design, Development, Testing, and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Venous Valve." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1269252194.
Повний текст джерелаWiersdorf, Jason. "Preliminary design approach for prosthetic ankle joints using compliant mechanisms /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1138.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWiersdorf, Jason Matthew. "Preliminary Design Approach for Prosthetic Ankle Joints Using Compliant Mechanisms." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/721.
Повний текст джерелаHákonardóttir, Stefanía. "Prosthetic Control using Implanted Electrode Signals." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147699.
Повний текст джерелаWilcock, S. A. "The design and evaluation of an artificial tendon." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376499.
Повний текст джерелаPaniz, Gianluca. "Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Periodontal Response to Different Prosthetic Margin Design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387222.
Повний текст джерелаWebber, Christina Marie. "Prosthetic Sockets: Assessment of Thermal Conductivity." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1404224355.
Повний текст джерелаPeasgood, Michael. "Determinants of Increased Energy Cost in Prosthetic Gait." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/880.
Повний текст джерелаBach, Jason Samuel. "Design and evaluation of a prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament replacement medical device." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47580.
Повний текст джерелаConnolly, Philip Andrew. "The design of a prosthetic foot unit for use in developing countries." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29519.
Повний текст джерелаSwaminathan, Krithika. "Analysis and optimization of passive knee prosthetic design parameters over varying cadences." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112528.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).
The need for effective prostheses is prevalent worldwide, and is especially dire in developing countries and low-resource settings. The MIT GEAR Lab is addressing this gap through the ATKnee, a low-cost, passive prosthetic knee that employs the use of spring and damper components to replicate the knee torque of the able-bodied human knee. In this study, we build upon prior work to optimize the components used in the ATKnee by accounting for results from field-testing. We first develop an inverse dynamics model to confirm understanding of previous work. We then use a genetic optimization algorithm to optimize parameters across different walking speeds and various spring-damper configurations. The best fit, as measured by the highest R2 value, is obtained when a viscous damper is active during the first dissipative phase (b*11 ), a friction damper is active during the second dissipative phase (b*/20 ), and an additional friction damper is active throughout both phases (b*/0). We make the suggestion that b*/0 = 0.084, b*/11 = 0.008, b*/0 = 0.183, gives the most optimal passive system knee torque with the engagement and disengagement timings teng = 51.3%, tdis1 = 64.2% for the first damper, and teng2 = 86.1%, tdis2 = 95.2% for the second damper. We find that the parameters are robust to subject body mass, but show a positive correlation with walking speed. We conclude that while we are able to suggest an optimized parameter set that includes higher order dampers, it will be important to investigate the effects of cadence, as well as to study the joint torques at the hip, which is further from the foot.
by Krithika Swaminathan.
S.B.
Bodkin, Troy L. "Specifying a hybrid, multiple material CAD system for next-generation prosthetic design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25595.
Повний текст джерелаAbele, Alexander. "Acculan System : The next generation of a Surgical Power Tool." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162815.
Повний текст джерелаGrames, Clayton L. "Design and Manufacture of Mesoscale Robot-Actuated Surgical Instruments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5689.
Повний текст джерелаMadhani, Akhil J. (Akhil Jiten) 1968. "Design of teleoperated surgical instruments for minimally invasive surgery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10097.
Повний текст джерелаAndersson, Emma. "Gripper Tool Designed for a Surgical Collaborative Robot." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272827.
Повний текст джерелаVid operation är suturering användningen av nål och tråd för att sammanfoga snittad och/eller skadade anatomiska strukturer. Denna reparationsstrategi är mycket mångsidig och universell för alla typer av kirurgi eftersom målet är att återställa reparera eller förbättra funktion och/eller anatomisk defekt. Nålarna är nästan alltid krökta i sin form och de hanteras och manövreras av kirurgerna med ett speciellt verktyg som kallas: nålförare. Mångsidigheten i denna uppställning har visat sig över tid eftersom nålförare är ett av de oumbärliga instrumenten vid alla typer av operationer. Vi går in i en framtid där robotar kan programmeras för att utföra uppgifter med mycket högre precision och hastighet jämfört med människor. Medicinska robotar inom kirurgi har varit på frammarsch senaste årtionden på grund av goda kliniska resultat. Ett steg i denna riktning skulle vara att skapa en lösning som gör det möjligt för en robot att greppa nålföraren. Syftet med denna studie var att utveckla ett gripdon som möjliggör för en kollaborativ robot att utföra suturering med hjälp av en av de vanligaste typerna av nålförare som används vid operation. Design metodiken Double Diamond användes för att beskriva design processensen. Det valda metoderna i de fyra för definierade faser var: 1) Discover: Observation, MoSCoW Prioritization, Brainstorming, Choosing a Sample, Fast Vissualization, 2) Define: Assessment criteria, 3) Develop: Physical Prototyping, 4) Deliver: Final testing and Evaluation. I första fasen, Discover, formulerades kliniska och tekniska krav. I den andra fasen, Define, definierades flera designidéer som skissades på papper, varav den med den högsta poängen valdes i Assessment criteria. I fas tre, Develop, modellerades den valda designidén i kartong, lera och silikon samt 3D-printades. Flera designiterationer gjordes baserat på feedback från kliniska och tekniska experter vilket resulterade i en slutlig prototypdesign som godkändes av experterna. I fas fyra, Deliver, testades och utvärderades den slutliga prototypen. Observation av fem realtids och en videoinspelning av kirurgiska ingrepp på riktiga patienter gjordes. Insikterna som gjordes bekräftades med kirurgerna som genomförde operationen och sammanfattades i 24 kliniskt viktiga observationer som var relevanta för gripdon designen. Noggrann realtids observation av robotens rörelsemönster samt analys av det tidigare utformade gripdonen och intervju med en robotingenjör sammanfattades i tio tekniskt viktiga observationer. Observationerna användes för att formulera kliniska och tekniska krav som gripdons designen strävar efter att uppfylla, följt av prioritering av kraven och designegenskaper enligt MoSCoW-metoden och brainstorming kring hur tidigare gripdons design kan förbättras. För att begränsa designutmaningens omfattning valdes en av de fem typer av nålförare som används vid barnhjärtkirurgi i Lund genom metoden Chossing a sample. För att ytterligare karakterisera de kliniska och tekniska kraven upprättades en testbänk för att definiera och mäta kraftvektorer som appliceras på nålföraren när den hålls av en kirurg under suturering. De radiella krafterna i sex riktningar vinkelrätt mot nålförarens spets varierade från 1,6 N till 3,8 N. Den axiella kraften längs nålförarens längd var 7,6 N mot spetsen och 8,4 N mot bakänden. Medurs och moturs vridmoment längs nålförarens längdaxel var 0,2 Nm respektive 0,18 Nm. Dom definierade kraven låg till grund för skisser av flertal gripdondesign idéer enligt Fast Visualization. Dessa skisser användes sedan i Define fasen för att kommunicera designidéer med kirurger samt robot- och produktutvecklingsingenjörer. Den mest lovande idén togs till Develop fasen där fysiska prototyper togs fram i kartong, lera och silikon samt genom 3D-printning. Förbättringspunkter hittades under testning och återkoppling med intervjuer tillsammans med kliniska och tekniska experter. Designåtgärder baserat på återkopplingen gjordes för att komma fram till den slutliga prototypen. Slutlig testning och utvärdering av den slutliga prototypen genomfördes i Deliver fasen. Gripdons designen kunde hantera större belastningar än den mänskliga kirurgen i alla stabilitetstester. Böjning av nålföraren uppstod dock i testerna med gripverktyget till skillnad från testerna med kirurgen var föremål för stabilitetsprovning. En barnhjärtkirurg och en robotingenjör poängsatte uppfyllnadsgrad av de kliniska respektive tekniska kraven efter att slutlig testning av gripdonet utförts. Uppfyllnadsgraden poängsattes från 1–5 där 1 var dålig, 3 tillfredsställande och 5 utmärkt. Gripdonets slutliga prototyp uppfyller alla kliniska och tekniska krav på nivå 4 respektive 3–5. Designmetodiken som användes i denna studie var användbar för utvecklingen av gripdon som uppfyller både de kliniska och tekniska kraven. Detta tyder på att denna metod kan användas i liknande designutmaningar inom området mellan medicinsk och teknisk innovation. Gripdonet uppfyllde kraven även om ytterligare förfining i materialvalet, ytterligare testning och undersökning av regulatoriska aspekter krävs innan den kan användas under riktiga operationer i operationssalen.
Gu, Jianjun Jason. "Design, sensing and control of a robotic prosthetic eye for natural eye movement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60293.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLam, Kwok-wai. "Design and development of a new prosthetic device for proximal interphalangeal joint replacement." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3889161X.
Повний текст джерелаBeckerle, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Human-machine-centered design and actuation of lower limb prosthetic systems / Philipp Beckerle." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1110980264/34.
Повний текст джерелаWilliams, John R. "Some aspects of the biomechanics of the elbow joint : related to prosthetic design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360299.
Повний текст джерелаLam, Kwok-wai, and 林國偉. "Design and development of a new prosthetic device for proximal interphalangeal joint replacement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3889161X.
Повний текст джерелаCeri, Casandra N. "Design analysis of the four-bar Jaipur-Stanford prosthetic knee for Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83688.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 29).
Amputees in developing countries face a challenging prospect. Without an adequate prosthesis, they face a lifetime of limited mobility and dependence. Unfortunately, as millions fall below the poverty line and as such do not have access to proper medical and prosthesis care, many must resign themselves to such a lifestyle. Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti (BMVSS) is attempting to change this. BMVSS is the world's leading prosthetics and mobility provider, serving over 20,000 new individuals per year - all free of charge - in 27 countries. Through a partnership with a Stanford design course, the Jaipur-Stanford Knee, a novel prosthetic knee incorporating a four-bar design, was born. This knee design has become widely popular amongst amputees and was named one of the top 50 best inventions in 2009 by Time Magazine. However, despite the popularity and widespread media coverage of the knee's development, there currently exists no available technical literature on the design. This research provides a kinematic model of this knee to compare to the dynamics of a natural gait along with a materials analysis to offer insight into design and manufacture improvements in future design iterations and concepts.
by Casandra N. Ceri.
S.B.
Darmont, Araya Francis Mosheh. "Investigating the Design and Manufacture of PneuNet Actuators as a Prosthetic Tongue for Mimicking Human Deglutition." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1300.
Повний текст джерелаMiller, Sally A. "Design of an ultraportable surgical enclosure for low resource environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115652.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-60).
Access to surgical care for people in remote settings and/or developing countries is limited: 30% of the world's population receives 75% of major operations [1]. In developing countries, up to a third of patients acquire a surgical site infection (SSI), which is nine times more likely than in developed countries [2]. An estimated 85,500 cases of HIV and hepatitis are contracted by obstetrical/gynecological providers every year, and 90% of those cases are the result of treating patients living in poverty. SurgiBox aims to address these issues by providing a portable, sterile operating environment for use in austere settings. Not only are patients protected from environmental hazards through the use of SurgiBox, but medical personnel are also shielded from patient fluids, blood, and aerosols. SurgiBox consists of a clear, disposable plastic enclosure that is adhered to the patient's surgical site and inflated with filtered air. Long gloves, similar those used in a glovebox, are integrated into the enclosure and used by the medical personnel to perform the surgery. Surgical instruments are sterilized before the surgery and are placed inside the enclosure prior to the procedure, but materials, or even a baby in the case of a cesarean section, can be passed in or out of the sterile field during the procedure through a resealable port. Particle count testing inside the enclosure shows that particle counts could be maintained at less than 25% of operating room standards for particles greater than 0.5 microns (OR standard: less than 83,000 particles/m3)and 0.3 microns (OR standard: less than 1,000,000 particles/m 3 ).
by Sally A. Miller.
S.M.
Tanner, Jordan D. "Design and Analysis of Robotically-Controlled Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6249.
Повний текст джерелаBulea, Thomas Campbell. "Design of a sensor based data collection system for lower limb prosthetic gait analysis." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/321.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains iv, 31 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-31). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
Dechev, Nikolai. "Design of a multi-fingered, passive adaptive grasp prosthetic hand, better function and cosmesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ45616.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBrantberg, Anna Lena. "När det inte blev som planerat : Patienters delaktighet i det infektionsförebyggande arbetet och i upptäckten av tidig postoperativ infektion vid höft- eller knäprotesoperation." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-887.
Повний текст джерелаSurgery with prosthetic joint replacement of the hip and knee in patients with osteoarthritis is a common procedure. Despite meticulous preparation prior to surgery, surgical site infections develop in some patients. A surgical site infection is a direct threat to the new implanted joint and can lead to long treatments that affect quality of life over time. The aim of this study was to explore patients´ participation in early detection of a surgical site infection based on the information given in conjunction to surgery for hip and knee replacement. Semi structured interviews were conducted with ten patients diagnosed with surgical site infection after hip or knee replacement surgery. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Medical records were reviewed to describe the patients´ comorbidity. The result showed that the first signs of infection can be described with the theme; What is normal and what is not normal? Two categories describe patients´ Possibility of participation and Barriers to participation in infection prevention before and after surgery. It was all about How the patient had understood or not understood the given information which was categorized as subcategories. Person-centered care can be a tool that enables patients´ possibilities to participate in their care and increases the possibilities to prevent adverse events such as surgical site infections.
Carbajal, Luis. "Modeling and design of perforated prosthetic sockets ARCHM to increase heat transfer of residual limbs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98960.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 18).
Heat build-up in prosthetic sockets is a significant problem experienced by many amputees in America, with no central solution in sight. Heat and discomfort accounts for over 70% of problems experienced by lower limb amputees in America. Although there have been advances in prosthetics in the active-power knees and ankles, not even cybernetics can improve the comfort of the prosthesis if there is still a socket. The materials in prosthetic sockets are not conductive enough to relieve the heat inside of the socket. The purpose of this study is to model the temperature variance and heat transfer of an amputee's residual limb and design ways to improve current prosthetic socket technologies. With the addition of small holes, or perforations, in the socket, there will be an increase in the heat transfer by convection, while still maintaining the strength of a carbon fiber prosthesis. Through the use of discrete approximation modeling, the transient temperature inside of the socket layers can be identified and improved through design patterns cut into the socket. Increased heat transfer can be observed as the perforations in the socket become larger, although the larger the holes, the larger the stresses are in the prosthesis. Non-intrusive designs were developed for sockets before and after they are made to increase convection surface area. More modeling needs to be done in 3-dimensional polar coordinates.
by Luis Carbajal.
S.B.
Sengeh, David Moinina. "The use of a novel residuum model to design a variable-impedance transtibial prosthetic socket." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106069.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-77).
For people living with limb amputation, the prosthetic socket - the interface between the residuum and prosthesis - is the most critical component. When a socket is uncomfortable, especially due to poor fit, the quality of life for a patient is greatly hindered. However, conventional design of sockets is largely artisan, with limited input of quantitative data. Current computer-aided and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) designs are still not clinically applicable solutions. Due to model identification procedures that employ non patient-specific and incomplete data sets, today's finite element (FE) models of the residuum are not predictive, leading to suboptimal socket designs. As such, there exists a need for a comprehensive biomechanical model of the residuum for the quantitative design and computational evaluation of patient-specific prosthetic sockets. This thesis presents a combined experimental-numerical approach to evaluate and validate a transtibial residuum biomechanical model. The central hypothesis of the work is that a single biomechanical model can predict the large non-linear response at various sites on a residuum under load. To evaluate this hypothesis, a non-linear, two-tissue model was formulated where tissue geometries were defined using MRI data of the residuum. The non-linear viscoelastic material parameters of the model were identified through inverse FEA-based optimization using in-vivo indentation experimental data at four locations. Using optimized model tissue parameters, the mean percentage error (mean absolute error/ maximum experimental force) between the experimental and simulation force-time curves at 14 other locations across the evaluated transtibial residuum was 7 ± 3%. Using this same modeling methodology and a single set of material constants to describe the bulk soft tissue biomechanical response of seven distinct transtibial residual limb models, the average percentage error for indentations at multiple locations across all seven limbs was 7 ± 1%. From these predictive models of residuum limbs, one rigid novel socket and two multimaterial transtibial sockets were designed, fabricated and evaluated through an entirely quantitative, automated and repeatable methodology. In a preliminary clinical investigation, the novel sockets were shown to reduce peak contact pressures at the tibia and fibular head regions on the residuum by significant amounts during standing compared to a conventional socket interface designed and fabricated by a trained prosthetist.
by David Moinina Sengeh.
Ph. D.
Olesnavage, Kathryn M. "Design and evaluation of a cantilever beam-type prosthetic foot for Indian persons with amputations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92132.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The goal of this work is to design a low cost, high performance prosthetic foot in collaboration with Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti (BMVSS), in Jaipur, India. In order to be adopted, the foot must cost less than $10 USD, be mass-manufacturable, and meet or exceed the performance of the Jaipur Foot, BMVSS' current prosthetic foot. This thesis investigates different metrics that are used to design and evaluate prosthetic feet and presents an analysis and evaluation of a solid ankle, cantilever beam - type prosthetic foot. Methods of comparing prosthetic feet in industry and in academia are discussed using a review of literature. These comparisons can be categorized into mechanical, metabolic, subjective, and gait analysis comparisons. The mechanical parameters are the most useful for designing a new prosthetic foot, as they are readily translated into engineering design requirements; however, these are the furthest removed from the performance of the foot. On the other end of the spectrum are metabolic and subjective parameters, which are useful in evaluating prosthetic feet because the objectives of minimizing energy expenditure and earning user approval are clear. Somewhere between these is gait analysis. The literature review reveals that not enough information is available to bridge these categories, that is, there is no consensus on how any particular mechanical parameter affects the subjective ranking of a prosthetic foot. Two mechanical parameters emerge as necessary, but not sufficient: the rollover shape and the energy storage and return capacity of a prosthetic foot. A simple model of a solid ankle, cantilever beam - type prosthetic foot is analyzed in the context of these two parameters. By applying beam bending theory and published gait analysis data, it is found that an unconstrained cantilever beam maximizes energy storage and return, but does not replicate a physiological roll-over shape well regardless of bending stiffness. Finite element analysis is used to find the roll-over shape and energy storage capacity from the same model when a mechanical constraint is added to prevent over deflection. The results show that for very compliant beams, the roll-over shape is nearly identical to the physiological rollover shape, but the energy storage capacity is low. For stiff beams, the opposite is true. Thus there is a trade-off between roll-over shape and energy storage capacity for cantilever beam type feet that fit this model. Further information is required to determine the relative importance of each of these parameters before an optimal bending stiffness can be found. A proof-of-concept prototype was built according to this model and tested in India at BMVSS. It was found that another parameter - perception of stability, which is perhaps dependent on the rate of forward progression of the center of pressure is equally important as, if not more than, the other parameters investigated here. Perception of stability increased with bending stiffness. The prototype foot received mixed feedback and has potential to be further refined. However, the solid ankle model is inappropriate for persons living in India, as it does not allow enough true dorsiflexion to permit squatting, an important activity that is done many times a day in the target demographic. Future work will use a similar method to design and optimize a prosthetic foot with a rotational ankle joint to allow this motion.
by Kathryn M. Olesnavage.
S.M.
Arelekatti, Venkata Narayana Murthy. "Design of low-cost, fully passive prosthetic knee for persons with transfemoral amputation in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100156.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-54).
An estimated 230,000 above-knee amputees are in need of prosthetic devices in India with a majority of them facing severe socio-economic constraints in their daily lives. However, only a few passive prosthetic knee devices in the market have been designed to enable normative gait and to meet the unique daily life needs of above-knee amputees in the developing world. This thesis builds upon a past study at MIT, which established optimal mechanical component coefficients in prosthetic knee function required for achieving able-bodied kinematics. A mechanism for the design of a fully passive, low-cost prosthetic knee device, which aims to facilitate able-bodied kinematics at a low metabolic cost is presented. The mechanism is implemented using an automatic early stance lock for stability, a linear spring for early stance flexionextension and a differential friction damping system for late stance and swing control. For preliminary validation of the knee mechanism two field trials were carried out on five above-knee amputees in India, which showed satisfactory performance of the early stance lock and enabled smooth stance to swing transition by timely initiation of late stance flexion.
by Venkata Narayana Murthy, Arelekatti.
S.M.
Krynauw, Hugo. "Design and implementation of an apparatus for hydrodynamic and fatigue testing of prosthetic aortic valves." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3258.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
Aortic valve replacement in humans may be needed due to pathology leading to valve stenosis and regurgitation. Replacement is by either mechanical or soft tissue prosthetic valves. Before new valves are medically approved and introduced into the market they are required to undergo rigorous testing to verify performance and product life expectancy. Performance testing is done in a hydrodynamic test apparatus and life expectancy verified in an accelerated test apparatus. The Cardiology Department at Tygerberg Hospital has proposed a project for the design and implementation of a prosthetic aortic valve test apparatus. This device is to be used primarily for fatigue, but also limited hydrodynamic, testing of prosthetic heart valves. The design of the test apparatus was based on the four-element Windkessel model of the arterial system. This simple lumped parameter electrical analogy of the arterial system takes aortic and arterial resistance, arterial compliance, and blood inertance into account to simulate total arterial impedance. This model was developed with physiological reference and thus the element parameters only hold for physiological simulation as the equation governing impedance is speed sensitive. The model was adapted to provide theoretidal, physiological loads from physiological speeds of 60BPM through to accelerated speeds up to 1OOOBPM through mathematical optimisation of the Windkessel.The test apparatus was designed and built taking into account the varying Windkessel parameters where possible. Both compliance and resistance could be varied within an acceptable range, inertance however, could not be varied due to the limitations of the project. The apparatus was controlled and pressures on either side of the valve monitored with a LabView® graphical user interface. The apparatus was able to mimic in vivo closely and satisfied the ISO requirements for valve testing up to speeds of 230BPM. Various modifications are proposed to both the Windkessel model and the physical apparatus to compensate for hydrodynamic effects at high testing speeds in improve performance, as well as increase the maximum testing speed.
Greczek, Brandyn Thomas. "Design, Test, and Evaluation of a High Powered 4 DOF Prosthetic Leg for Transfemoral Amputees." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90791.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
A high powered prosthesis for transfemoral amputees is presented in this paper. Four control mechanisms, three of which are in series with springs to reduce the total power requirement of the motors, are used on the prosthesis to provide power to all motions of the leg. The prosthesis is capable of providing powered motion for knee and ankle pitch, ankle roll, and ankle yaw, i.e. ankle rotation from side to side. The prosthesis was designed to handle a variety of activities including, but not limited to, walking, running, and stair climbing.
Udvardy, Zoltán. "Design of a Testbed for Haptic Devices Used by Surgical Simulators." Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214038.
Повний текст джерелаJONES, DANIEL V. "THE DESIGN OF A UNIQUE AND ADAPTIVE UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123784883.
Повний текст джерелаJiang, Mingxuan. "Fabrication and analysis of prosthetic heart valves using liquid reagent chemical vapor deposition." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17702.
Повний текст джерелаMorton, Leona E. "The design and development of a trans-tibial prosthetic system for use in low income countries." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510869.
Повний текст джерелаSchlafly, Millicent. "Design and Testing of a Passive Prosthetic Ankle Foot Optimized to Mimic an Able-Bodied Gait." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7710.
Повний текст джерелаParkhurst, William T. "Design of a superelastic alloy actuator for a minimally invasive surgical manipulator." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA294440.
Повний текст джерела