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Статті в журналах з теми "Surgelé"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 червня 2022

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1

Kalender, Mehmet, Ali Fedakar, Taylan Adademir, Salih Salihi, Kamil Boyacıoğlu, Babürhan Özbek, Mehmet Taşar, and Mehmet Balkanay. "CARDIAC SURGERY Trends in mechanical aortic valve replacement surgery in a large, multi-surgeon, single hospital practice." Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 4 (2014): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2014.47334.

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2

Sund, Monica, Trond Eiken, Jon Ove Hagen, and Andreas Kääb. "Svalbard surge dynamics derived from geometric changes." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 52 (2009): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409789624265.

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AbstractGeometric changes on a sample of Svalbard glaciers were studied using subtraction of repeat digital terrain models to determine early surge-stage dynamics. Changes in surface features were also analyzed. A number of new surges were found for glaciers not known to have surged previously. The surge development could be followed through three stages, of which the first two had not been previously described in Svalbard. The first two stages are mainly identified from glacier thickness changes and showed little visual evidence. In stage 1, initial surface lowering was found in the upper part of the glacier, followed by a thickening further down-glacier in stage 2. Stage 3 represents the period of well-developed surge dynamics that is usually reported. Some surges ceased at stage 2 as a partial surge and never developed into a fully active surge. These partial surges could be misinterpreted as rapid response to climate change. The results of this study further support previous findings that the majority of Svalbard glaciers are of surge type.

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3

Jiskoot, Hester, Asger Ken Pedersen, and Tavi Murray. "Multi-model photogrammetric analysis of the 1990s surge of Sortebræ, East Greenland." Journal of Glaciology 47, no. 159 (2001): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756501781831846.

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AbstractSortebræ is a surge-type tidewater glacier complex draining southeastward from the Geikie Plateau, East Greenland. Sortebræ’s main flow unit surged around 1950 and again between 1992 and 1995. The 1990s surge affected the lower 50 km of Sortebræ over an area of approximately 335 km2. Over a period of <1 year the tidewater front advanced >5 km. Surge velocities in the order of kilometres per annum are about 100-fold the quiescent velocities. Multi-model photogrammetric analysis shows a thinning of the reservoir zone of up to 219 m and thickening of the receiving zone of up to 74 m. The surge transported approximately 18.6 km3 of ice down-glacier. The total calving volume as a result of the surge amounted to 11.7 km3, equivalent to a calving flux of 3.9–7.3 km3 a−1. The surge characteristics and environmental setting suggest that the surge mechanism involves a switch in the subglacial drainage. This surge of Sortebræ is more similar to the fast, short Alaskan-type surges than to the sluggish, long Svalbard-type surges.

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4

Parthasarathi, Karisni, Surya Rao Rao Venkata Mahipathy, Alagar Raja Durairaj, Narayanamurthy Sundaramurthy, and Praveen Ganesh Natarajan. "Evaluation of awareness and perception of plastic surgery among general public at a suburban teaching hospital." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20195411.

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Background: The general public is usually unaware of the available services of a plastic surgeon. Thus, we are trying to identify the perceptions of the public towards plastic surgery in a setting of a suburban tertiary teaching hospital by means of a questionnaire and the results were analyzed.Methods: 250 people took part in this study of varying ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, education levels and of either sex. These people were those visiting the different outpatient departments of our hospital. A short and simple questionnaire was devised in three languages of English, Tamil and Hindi. The questionnaires were analyzed and tabulated and the results were inferred.Results: 60.4% of the public think plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are the same. 69.6% of the public think that plastic is used in plastic surgery. 90% of them think that there will be no scars following plastic surgery and that plastic surgery is only for the rich and famous. 39.6% of them think that plastic surgery is a risky operation whereas 30.4% feel that there is no risk involved. 80% of the population voted that a common procedure like rhinoplasty is done by a plastic surgeon. 70% of the public think that getting plastic surgery is good. All the public have heard the term plastic surgery, while 84.4% of them think that plastic surgery is only cosmetic surgery. 79.6% of the population has heard of plastic surgery from radio and television.Conclusions: There has been a sudden surge of plastic surgery performed over the recent years but the public are not much aware regarding these procedures and we must educate them for the speciality to progress.

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5

Hewitt, Kenneth. "Tributary glacier surges: an exceptional concentration at Panmah Glacier, Karakoram Himalaya." Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 181 (2007): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756507782202829.

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AbstractFour tributaries of Panmah Glacier have surged in less than a decade, three in quick succession between 2001 and 2005. Since 1985, 13 surges have been recorded in the Karakoram Himalaya, more than in any comparable period since the 1850s. Ten were tributary surges. In these ten a full run-out of surge ice is prevented, but extended post-surge episodes affect the tributary and main glacier. The sudden concentration of events at Panmah Glacier is without precedent and at odds with known surge intervals for the glaciers. Interpretations must consider the response of thermally complex glaciers, at exceptionally high altitudes and of high relief, to changes in a distinctive regional climate. It is suggested that high-altitude warming affecting snow and glacier thermal regimes, or bringing intense, short-term melting episodes, may be more significant than mass-balance change.

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6

Krane, Louis S., and Ashok K. Hemal. "Surgeon-controlled robotic ureteral surgery." Current Opinion in Urology 22, no. 1 (January 2012): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mou.0b013e32834d4c8c.

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7

Vaira, Dino, Stuart R. Cairns, Mario Miglioli, Paolo Mulé, Marcello Menegatti, and Luigi Barbara. "Biliary Surgery without the Surgeon!" Digestive Diseases 11, no. 4-5 (1993): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000171419.

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8

Quincey, D. J., and A. Luckman. "Brief Communication: On the magnitude and frequency of Khurdopin glacier surge events." Cryosphere 8, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-571-2014.

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Abstract. The return periods of Karakoram glacier surges are poorly quantified. Here, we present evidence of an historic surge of the Khurdopin Glacier that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in 1979. Measured surface displacements reached >5 km a−1, two orders of magnitude faster than during quiescence. The Khurdopin Glacier next surged in the late 1990s, equating to a return period of 20 years. Surge evolution in the two events shows remarkable similarity suggesting a common trigger. Surge activity in the Karakoram needs to be better understood if accurate mass balance assessments of Hindu-Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya glaciers are to be made.

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9

Hancock, Ellen A., Kevin J. Hancock, Nandhika Wijay, and Danielle Andry. "Does Surgeon Gender Matter for Aesthetic Patients?" Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): NP1237—NP1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab201.

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Abstract Background Plastic surgery patients have expectations for an ideal practice to visit. However, patients’ preferences regarding their plastic surgeon are still being described. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate if elective cosmetic plastic surgery patients exhibit gender preference in their plastic surgeon when making online inquiries. Methods A retrospective, single-practice review of all online inquiries for elective plastic surgery and nonsurgical injectable treatment from June 2019 to June 2020 was performed. The study was based on a private practice located in Houston, TX. The practice surgeons were a married couple, 1 female and 1 male, with identical training, age, and post-residency experience. Patients submitted an online inquiry for their procedure of interest and surgeon preference via the practice website. Results The private practice received 873 online inquiries during the year-long study period. The majority of patients were female, 855 (97.9%), and the remaining 18 (2.1%) were male. Of the female patients, 476 (55.7%) preferred a female surgeon and 138 (16.1%) preferred a male surgeon; 241 (28.2%) female patients expressed no surgeon preference. Regardless of surgeon preference, the majority of procedures inquired about were breast and body contouring. Conclusions This cohort of female patients prefers the female surgeon for breast procedures or multiple procedures involving the breast, and the male surgeon for injectable procedures and facial procedures. There is no preference for the male or female surgeon for body procedures. Female plastic surgery patients may be influenced by surgeon gender in choosing their surgeon, depending on their surgery of interest.

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10

Moore, PD, and GR Pupp. "Latex surgery and the podiatric surgeon." Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing 3, no. 3 (August 1999): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3111(99)80074-0.

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11

Zureikat, Amer H. "Robotic Surgery for the General Surgeon." Annals of Surgery 261, no. 5 (May 2015): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000001034.

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12

Breckon, C. "Shoulder surgery: what a surgeon needs." Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22201173.2011.10872738.

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13

Khansa, Ibrahim, Lara Khansa, and Gregory D. Pearson. "Surgeon Reimbursements in Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 137, no. 2 (February 2016): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000475772.91525.26.

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14

Aguilera, Alfredo, Sergio Alonso, Ramón Cansino, Jesús Cisneros, Luis Hidalgo, and Javier de la Peña. "Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery: Single Surgeon Experience." European Urology Supplements 5, no. 19 (November 2006): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eursup.2006.08.004.

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15

Kumar, Rajeev, and Ashok K. Hemal. "The ‘scrubbed surgeon’ in robotic surgery." World Journal of Urology 24, no. 2 (April 11, 2006): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-006-0068-0.

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16

Khanna, Ajay K., and Rahul Khanna. "Future of Surgery and Shrinking Surgeon." Indian Journal of Surgery 73, no. 2 (February 8, 2011): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-011-0235-4.

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17

Benn, Douglas I., Lene Kristensen, and Jason D. Gulley. "Surge propagation constrained by a persistent subglacial conduit, Bakaninbreen–Paulabreen, Svalbard." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 52 (2009): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409789624337.

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AbstractGlacier surges tend to be initiated in relatively small regions, then propagate down-glacier, up-glacier and/or across-glacier. The processes controlling patterns and rates of surge propagation, however, are incompletely understood. In this paper, we focus on patterns of surge propagation in two confluent glaciers in Svalbard, and examine possible causes. One of these glaciers, Bakaninbreen, surged in 1985–95. The surge propagated ∽7 km down-glacier, but did not cross the medial moraine onto the other glacier, Paulabreen. When Paulabreen surged between 2003 and 2005, the surge wave travelled several km down-glacier, but its lateral boundary stayed very close to the medial moraine. The confluent glaciers formerly extended into a fjord, and bathymetric mapping and historical observations show that an active subglacial conduit has existed between Bakaninbreen and Paulabreen since at least the early 20th century. The existence of a persistent subglacial conduit below the medial moraine was confirmed when we entered and mapped a Nye channel at the confluence of Bakaninbreen and Paulabreen. We argue that the conduit acts as a barrier to surge propagation. If pressurized water below one branch of the glacier system reaches the conduit, water can be readily evacuated, preventing its propagation into the other branch.

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18

O’Neill, Liam, Franklin Dexter, and Ruth E. Wachtel. "Should Anesthesia Groups Advocate Funding of Clinics and Scheduling Systems to Increase Operating Room Workload?" Anesthesiology 111, no. 5 (November 1, 2009): 1016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181b8f6aa.

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Background Knowledge of patterns related to patient visits in a multispecialty group is important for helping anesthesia groups make strategic and tactical decisions relevant to increasing anesthesia workload. Methods The authors studied surgery at an outpatient surgery center over 6 months and analyzed every clinic visit that preceded surgery by 2 yr. They also studied surgery that occurred at either the outpatient center or a tertiary surgical suite over 3 months, including all preceding clinic visits. Results Results were similar whether data were analyzed by number of cases or by American Society of Anesthesiologists' Relative Value Guide units. The median number of visits to the surgeon before surgery was 2 (95% confidence interval 2-2). Most patients have one visit with the surgeon, decide to have surgery, and then have one preoperative visit. Fewer than 20% of American Society of Anesthesiologists' Relative Value Guide units for outpatient surgery arose from patients seen by a primary care or nonsurgical specialist before referral to the surgeon. Patients with more than one previous surgery at the facility accounted for less than 6% of American Society of Anesthesiologists' Relative Value Guide units. Conclusion Investment in outpatient primary care clinics, nonsurgical specialty clinics, or scheduling systems to facilitate patient appointments would not materially affect anesthesia workload. The workload of the anesthesia department depends on facilitating surgeon-dependent processes: (1) open access to operating room time on any future workday, (2) well-calculated blocks to permit high surgeon productivity, and (3) open access to surgeon clinics to reduce days from referral to first appointment.

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19

Dhakshyani, R., Y. Nukman, N. Abu Osman, and C. Vijay. "Preliminary report: rapid prototyping models for Dysplastic hip surgery." Open Medicine 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-011-0012-6.

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AbstractRapid prototyping (RP) is a technology used to produce physical models. The RP application is applied in the medical field to build anatomy models from high resolution multiplanar data such as Computed tomography (CT). CT of a female patient diagnosed with hip dysplasia was obtained prior to surgery. Specific software was used to prepare the physical model of the patient and was produced using fused deposition machine. Pre fused deposition models (FDM) were given to the orthopaedic surgeon to plan for the dysplastic hip dysplasia. The patient was scanned again using CT after surgery and a post model was produced. The outcome of the surgery was seen clearly by viewing the post model. Orthopaedic surgeon commented on his experience of using the models for the hip dysplasia surgery. These models were found to be very useful for pre surgery planning, determining procedure, implant sizes, positioning, bone grafting which also reduced surgery time by forty percent and increased surgeon confidence as rehearsal prior to actual surgery was made possible. This paper provides an understanding of the benefits of using RP models in hip dysplasia surgery as a good way to enhance both orthopaedic surgeon skill and knowledge.

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20

Jirásková, Naďa, and Alexandr Stepanov. "Our Experience with Active Sentry and Centurion Ozil Handpieces." Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology 77, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31348/2021/01.

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Aim: To compare parameters of phacoemulsification using handpiece Active Sentry and Centurion Ozil. Methods: We have evaluated results of 200 eyes of 129 patients that were operated for cataract at the Department of Ophthalmology. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon (NJ). In 100 eyes handpiece Active Sentry was used and in 100 eyes handpiece Centurion Ozil was used. The intraocular pressure during surgery (IOP), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), ultrasound time (U/S time) and estimated consumption of balanced salt solution (BSS) were evaluated. Results: Using handpiece Ozil Centurion the IOP was 65 mmHg, use handpiece Active Sentry enabled decrease safely peroperative IOP to 46 mm Hg withouth increase of fluctuation or declension of stability of the anterior chamber. The mean CDE a U/S time were significantly statistically decreased using Active Sentry versus Centurion Ozil handpieces. Difference in estimated consumption of balanced salt solution was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results proved that using handpiece Active Sentry enabled statistically significantly decrease IOP during phacoemulsification and eliminated post-occlusion surge. This brings several advantages: more painless surgery for patients and more user-friendly procedure for surgeon especially in challenging cases (intraoperative floppy iris syndrome or severe myopia).

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21

Shrestha, B. L. "Our Experience in Database Entry in Ear Surgery." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i1.33368.

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Otological database is must for every otological surgeon. The surgeons who do not have their own surgical database have difficult in convincing the patients about the outcome of procedure. Looking at the literature review about the concerned surgery does not reflect the success rate of the surgeon who is performing the surgery. So it is very important for every surgeon to have their own data base. The database helps surgeon to improve their skills and compare their own surgical results within and with other literatures. This helps the surgeon to convince patients regarding success and failure rates of their surgery. Not only that, but it also helps to perform prospective research work.

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22

Quincey, D. J., and A. Luckman. "On the magnitude and frequency of Karakoram Glacier surges." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 24, 2013): 5177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-5177-2013.

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Abstract. The return periods of Karakoram glacier surges are almost entirely unknown. Here, we present evidence of an historic surge of the Khurdopin Glacier that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in 1979. Measured surface displacements reached > 5 km yr–1, two orders of magnitude faster than during quiescence and twice as large as any previously recorded velocity in the region. The Khurdopin Glacier next surged in the late-1990s, equating to a return period of 20 yr. Surge activity in the region needs to be better understood if accurate mass balance assessments of Hindu-Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya glaciers are to be made.

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23

Davis, Kathy. "Cosmetic Surgery in a Different Voice: The Case of Madame Noël." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880680702400202.

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Cosmetic surgery emerged at the end of the 19th century in the U.S. and Europe. Like most branches of surgery, it is a ‘masculine’ medical specialty, both numerically and in terms of professional ‘ethos’. Given the role cosmetic surgery – and, more generally, the feminine beauty system – play in the disciplining and inferiorization of women's bodies, a feminist cosmetic surgeon would seem to be a contradiction in terms. It is hard to imagine how cosmetic surgery might be practiced in a way which is not, by definition, disempowering or demeaning to women. In this paper, I explore the unlikely combination of feminist cosmetic surgeon, using one of the pioneers of cosmetic surgery, Dr. Suzanne Noël, as an example. She was the first and most famous woman to practice cosmetic surgery, working in France at the beginning of this century. She was also an active feminist. Based on an analysis of the handbook she wrote in 1926, La Chirurgie Esthétique, Son Rôle Social in which she describes her views about her profession, her techniques and procedures, and the results of her operations, I tackle the question of whether Noël's approach might be regarded as a ‘feminine’ or even feminist way of doing cosmetic surgery – in short, an instance of surgery in ‘a different voice’. “The primary requisite for a good surgeon is to be a man – a man of courage.” Edmund Andrews. (1861). The Surgeon. Chicago Medical Examiner “Surgery involves bodies – those of surgeons as well as of patients … What does it mean when the body of the surgeon – the intrusive gazer, the violator, the recipient of sensory assaults – is that of a woman?” Joan Cassell. (1998). The Surgeon in the Woman's Body

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24

Sandali, Otman, Rachid Tahiri Joutei Hassani, Ashraf Armia Balamoun, Mohamed El Sanharawi, and Vincent Borderie. "Facilitating Role of the 3D Viewing System in Tilted Microscope Positions for Cataract Surgery in Patients Unable to Lie Flat." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071865.

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Purpose: To assess the utility of the 3D viewing system in tilted microscope positions for the performance of cataract surgery in challenging positions, for patients with difficulty remaining supine. Methods: Prospective, single-center, single-surgeon, consecutive case series of patients undergoing surgery in an inclined position. Results: 21 eyes of 15 patients who had undergone surgery at inclined positions at angles of 20° to 80°, with a mean angle of 47.62°. Surgeon comfort was considered to be globally good. The surgeon rated red reflex perception and the impression of depth as good and stable in all cases. The operating time was slightly longer for patients inclined at angles of more than 50°. On the first day after surgery, BSCVA was 20/25 or better in all cases. No ocular complications occurred in any of the interventions. Conclusions: Due to the ocular-free design of the 3D system, the surgical procedure and the positioning of the surgeon remained almost identical to that for patients undergoing surgery in a supine position, maintaining the safety of the standard surgical approach.

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Zaidi, Hasan A., Al-Wala Awad, Michael A. Bohl, Kristina Chapple, Laura Knecht, Heidi Jahnke, William L. White, and Andrew S. Little. "Comparison of outcomes between a less experienced surgeon using a fully endoscopic technique and a very experienced surgeon using a microscopic transsphenoidal technique for pituitary adenoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 3 (March 2016): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.4.jns15102.

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OBJECT The comparative efficacy of microscopic and fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas has not been well studied despite the adoption of fully endoscopic surgery by many pituitary centers. The influence of surgeon experience has also not been examined in this setting. The authors therefore compared the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and the endocrine outcomes of 1 very experienced surgeon performing a microscopic transsphenoidal surgery technique with those of a less experienced surgeon using a fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery technique for resection of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in a concurrent series of patients. METHODS Post hoc analysis was conducted of a cohort of adult patients prospectively enrolled in a pituitary adenoma quality-of-life study between October 2011 and June 2014. Patients were followed up for 6 months after surgery. Patients were treated either by a less experienced surgeon (100 independent cases) who practices fully endoscopic surgery exclusively or by a very experienced surgeon (1800 independent cases) who practices microscopic surgery exclusively. Patient demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, hypopituitarism, complications, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. Tumor volumes and EOR were determined by formal volumetric analysis involving manual segmentation of MR images performed before surgery and within 6 months after surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of EOR. RESULTS Fifty-five patients underwent fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, and 80 patients underwent fully microscopic transsphenoidal surgery. The baseline characteristics of the 2 treatment groups were well matched. EOR was similar between the endoscopic and microscopic groups, respectively, as estimated by gross-total resection rate (78.2% vs 81.3%, p = 0.67), percentage of tumor resected (99.2% vs 98.7%, p = 0.42), and volume of residual tumor (0.12 cm3 vs 0.20 cm3, p = 0.41). Multivariate modeling suggested that preoperative tumor volume was the most important predictor of EOR (p = 0.001). No difference was found in the development of anterior gland dysfunction (p > 0.14), but there was a higher incidence of permanent posterior gland dysfunction in the microscopic group (p = 0.04). Combined rates of major complications and unplanned readmissions were lower in the endoscopic group (p = 0.02), but individual complications were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS A less experienced surgeon using a fully endoscopic technique was able to achieve outcomes similar to those of a very experienced surgeon using a microscopic technique in a cohort of patients with nonfunctioning tumors smaller than 60 cm3. The study raises the provocative notion that certain advantages afforded by the fully endoscopic technique may impact the learning curve in pituitary surgery for nonfunctioning adenomas.

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26

Derogar, Maryam, Omid Sadr-Azodi, Asif Johar, Pernilla Lagergren, and Jesper Lagergren. "Hospital and Surgeon Volume in Relation to Survival After Esophageal Cancer Surgery in a Population-Based Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 5 (February 10, 2013): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.46.1517.

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Purpose The influence of hospital and surgeon volume on survival after esophageal cancer surgery deserves clarification, particularly the prognosis after the early postoperative period. The interaction between hospital and surgeon volume, and the influence of known prognostic factors need to be taken into account. Methods A nationwide Swedish population-based cohort study of 1,335 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophageal resection in 1987 to 2005, with follow-up for survival until February 2011, was conducted. The associations between annual hospital volume, annual surgeon volume, and cumulative surgeon volume and risk of mortality were calculated with multivariable parametric survival analysis, providing hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. HRs were mutually adjusted for the surgery volume variables and further adjusted for the prognostic factors age, sex, comorbidity, calendar period, tumor stage, tumor histology, and neoadjuvant therapy. Results There was no independent association between annual hospital volume and overall survival, and hospital volume was not associated with short-term mortality after adjustment for hospital clustering effects. A combination of higher annual and cumulative surgeon volume reduced the mortality occurring at least 3 months after surgery (P trend < .01); the HR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92) comparing surgeons with both annual and cumulative volume above the median with those below the median. These results remained when hospital and surgeon clustering were taken into account. Conclusion Because surgeon volume rather than hospital volume independently influences the prognosis after esophageal cancer surgery, centralization of this surgery to fewer surgeons seems warranted.

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27

Consultant Surgeon, CJ Lewis, and SE Attwood Consultant Surgeon. "THE Future Delivery of Emergency Surgery in the UK." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 10 (November 1, 2013): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588413x13643054409586.

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Over the past two decades, general surgeons have evolved and subspecialised. It is no longer plausible for a consultant to label him or herself as a true general surgeon in the traditional sense of the term. For example, a surgeon is very unlikely to have the training and experience to operate on all aspects of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract while still maintaining adequate skills in oncoplastic breast surgery and vascular surgery. To maintain adequate skill and up-to-date knowledge, it has become necessary for surgeons to focus on one area of general surgery, declaring an interest in that subspecialty while continuing to serve as a general surgeon for the purposes of the emergency on-call provision for general surgery.

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28

Haisenleder, D. J., A. L. Barkan, S. Papavasiliou, S. M. Zmeili, C. Dee, M. L. Jameel, G. A. Ortolano, M. R. el-Gewely, and J. C. Marshall. "LH subunit mRNA concentrations during LH surge in ovariectomized estradiol-replaced rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 254, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): E99—E103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.1.e99.

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In cycling rats, pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) beta-subunit mRNA increase two- to threefold before the afternoon proestrus LH surge without a corresponding increase in alpha-subunit mRNA. Estradiol (E2) treatment is known to allow expression of daily LH surges in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the timing, magnitude, and duration of LH secretion is similar to the LH surge on proestrus. The present study was conducted to examine whether the regulation of LH subunit mRNAs during the LH surge in OVX-E2-treated rats is similar to that present on proestrus. Female Holtzman rats were OVX and Silastic implants containing E2 were inserted subcutaneously under ether anesthesia. Some animals received bromocriptine (0.6 mg sc, twice/day beginning 1 h before surgery). On the 2nd day after surgery, groups of animals (n = 4-10/group) were decapitated at intervals between 1000 and 2100. LH and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured in trunk blood. LH subunit mRNA concentrations in the pituitaries were measured by dot-blot hybridization assay. In OVX-E2 rats the LH surge occurred at 1830 and was accompanied by a selective twofold increase in alpha-subunit mRNA (from 266 +/- 18 to 459 +/- 61 pg cDNA bound/100 micrograms pituitary DNA) and maximum values were present at 1730. LH beta-subunit mRNA (m = 29 +/- 1 pg cDNA bound/100 micrograms pituitary DNA) was unchanged throughout the day. Bromocriptine treatment resulted in the suppression of serum PRL (m = 23 +/- 2 ng/ml) and the LH surge was delayed by 1-1.5 h and somewhat blunted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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29

Bauer, Jennifer M., Vijay Yanamadala, Suken A. Shah, and Rajiv K. Sethi. "Two Surgeon Approach for Complex Spine Surgery." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 27, no. 9 (May 2019): e408-e413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-17-00717.

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30

Kron, Irving L. "General Vascular Surgery and the Thoracic Surgeon." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 41, no. 5 (May 1986): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)63019-6.

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31

Morris, Lisa M., and Sherard A. Tatum. "Craniofacial Surgery for the Facial Plastic Surgeon." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 24, no. 4 (November 2016): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1064-7406(16)30088-8.

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32

Webb, Jonathan, Lionel Gottschalk, Yu-Po Lee, Steven Garfin, and Choll Kim. "Surgeon Perceptions of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery." International Journal of Spine Surgery 2, no. 3 (2008): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/sasj-2008-0006-mis.

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33

van Urk, Hero. "Endovascular Surgery and the European Vascular Surgeon." Journal of Endovascular Surgery 2, no. 1 (February 1995): viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1583/1074-6218(1995)0022.0.co;2.

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34

Chandrasekharam, V. V. S. S. "Day-care hypospadias surgery: Single surgeon experience." Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 12, no. 4 (2007): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-9261.40836.

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35

Vaughan, E. D. "The maxillofacial surgeon and cranial base surgery." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 34, no. 1 (February 1996): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-4356(96)90128-x.

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36

Webb, Jonathan, Lionel Gottschalk, Yu-Po Lee, Steven Garfin, and Choll Kim. "Surgeon Perceptions of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery." SAS Journal 2, no. 3 (September 2008): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1935-9810(08)70032-x.

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37

van Urk, Hero. "Endovascular Surgery and the European Vascular Surgeon." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 2, no. 1 (February 1995): viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660289500200114.

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38

Casey, Heather. "UK trauma surgeon wins military surgery award." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/bull.2010.92.4.112.

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39

Goldwyn, Robert M. "AIDS, Aesthetic Surgery, and the Plastic Surgeon." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 114, Supplement (October 2004): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200410001-00043.

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40

McDonnell, Jake Michael, Daniel P. Ahern, Tiarnan Ó Doinn, Denys Gibbons, Katharina Nagassima Rodrigues, Nick Birch, and Joseph S. Butler. "Surgeon proficiency in robot-assisted spine surgery." Bone & Joint Journal 102-B, no. 5 (May 2020): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.102b5.bjj-2019-1392.r2.

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Continuous technical improvement in spinal surgical procedures, with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes, can be assisted by the deployment of advanced technologies including navigation, intraoperative CT imaging, and surgical robots. The latest generation of robotic surgical systems allows the simultaneous application of a range of digital features that provide the surgeon with an improved view of the surgical field, often through a narrow portal. There is emerging evidence that procedure-related complications and intraoperative blood loss can be reduced if the new technologies are used by appropriately trained surgeons. Acceptance of the role of surgical robots has increased in recent years among a number of surgical specialities including general surgery, neurosurgery, and orthopaedic surgeons performing major joint arthroplasty. However, ethical challenges have emerged with the rollout of these innovations, such as ensuring surgeon competence in the use of surgical robotics and avoiding financial conflicts of interest. Therefore, it is essential that trainees aspiring to become spinal surgeons as well as established spinal specialists should develop the necessary skills to use robotic technology safely and effectively and understand the ethical framework within which the technology is introduced. Traditional and more recently developed platforms exist to aid skill acquisition and surgical training which are described. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the role of surgical robotics in spinal surgery, describe measures of proficiency, and present the range of training platforms that institutions can use to ensure they employ confident spine surgeons adequately prepared for the era of robotic spinal surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):568–572.

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41

Davis, Craig. "Surgeon-Delivered Sedation for Outpatient Cosmetic Surgery." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 29, no. 3 (September 2012): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5992/ajcs-d-10-00016.1.

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42

Samuel, Andre M., Mark T. Langhans, and Sravisht Iyer. "Spine surgeon ownership of ambulatory surgery centers." Annals of Translational Medicine 7, S5 (September 2019): S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.05.89.

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43

Khalfalli, Marwa, Fouad Ben Abdelaziz, and Hichem Kamoun. "Multi-objective surgery scheduling integrating surgeon constraints." Management Decision 57, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2018-0476.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to generate a daily operating theater schedule aiming to minimize completion time and maximum overtime while integrating real-life surgeon constraints, such as their role, specialty, qualification and availability.Design/methodology/approachThe paper deals with complete surgery process using multi-objective surgery scheduling approach. Furthermore, the combinatorial nature of the studied problem does not allow to solve it to optimality. Therefore, the authors developed two approaches embedded in a tabu search metaheuristic, namely, weighted sum and e-constraint, to minimize completion time and maximum overtime.FindingsThe integration of the upstream and downstream services of an intervention and the consideration of the specific constraints related to surgeons are very essential to obtaining more closed schedules to the realty.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of efficient schedules for a significant number of operations coming from different specialties throughout its complete surgery process under multi-resource constraints.Social implicationsThe paper can help hospital managers and decision makers to well manage the budget by minimizing the overtime cost and by offering efficient daily operating theater schedule.Originality/valueThe results of the paper will help hospital managers and decision makers to well manage the budget by minimizing the overtime cost and offering efficient daily operating theater schedule.

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44

&NA;. "AIDS, Aesthetic Surgery, and the Plastic Surgeon." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 90, no. 6 (December 1992): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199212000-00019.

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45

Denman, Mary Anna. "Residents as Primary Surgeon in Robotic Surgery." Obstetrics & Gynecology 126 (October 2015): 59S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000472152.40006.e3.

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46

Baumgartner, William A., and Peter S. Greene. "Developing the academic thoracic surgeon: Teaching surgery." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 119, no. 4 (April 2000): s22—s25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2000.104721.

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47

&NA;. "AIDS, AESTHETIC SURGERY, AND THE PLASTIC SURGEON." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 92, no. 5 (October 1993): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199310000-00050.

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48

&NA;. "AIDS, AESTHETIC SURGERY, AND THE PLASTIC SURGEON." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 92, no. 5 (October 1993): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199392050-00050.

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49

Hildebrandt, U., T. Plusczyk, K. Kessler, and M. D. Menger. "Single-surgeon surgery in laparoscopic colonie resection." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 46, no. 12 (December 2003): 1640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02660769.

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50

Lazzeri, Davide, Gianfranco Romeo, Maurizio De Rosa, Giordano Giannotti, Livio Colizzi, Marco Stabile, Gianluca Gatti, Fulvio Lorenzetti, Daniele Gandini, and Marcello Pantaloni. "Plastic surgery and Munchausen's syndrome: ‘surgeon, beware!’." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 63, no. 3 (March 2010): e319-e320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2009.06.026.

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