Дисертації з теми "Surface water quantification"
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Moore, Treyton Michael. "Molecular Methods for the Identification and Quantification of Cyanobacteria in Surface Water Sources." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7408.
Повний текст джерелаBouteffeha, Maroua. "Echanges hydrologiques surface-souterrain induits par une retenue collinaire en milieu méditerranéen : quantification et analyse." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0042/document.
Повний текст джерелаHill reservoirs are hydraulic infrastructures widely used in North Africa, generally in arid and semi arid zones of the planet. These infrastructures are used for both water conservation in the catchment scale and to reduce siltation of downstream dams. The implementation and the management of water resources mobilized in this infrastructure must be based on knowledge of their hydrological functioning. However, the hydrological functioning of this system is not very known, especially the water flux exchange processes and intensity between the reservoir and the subsurface is still an open question.The main purpose of this study is to quantify and analyse the hydrological functioning of the reservoir-subsurface exchange processes for an agricultural catchment. This study was conducted on the hill reservoir of the experimental observation site of Kamech belonging to the OMERE observatory. In the first part of this study, we develop a water balance approach to estimate reservoir-subsurface exchange flux. The results of this approach shows that reservoir-subsurface exchange flux is dominated by infiltration that represent about 79% of the water outflow, and largely exceeds the water loss by evaporation that represents only 21 % of the total water outflow. However, the cross-analysis of the hydrological dynamics of the hill reservoir and the aquifer in the vicinity of the reservoir revealed that infiltration can occur in both directions: reservoir-subsurface exchange dominated by infiltration with the aquifer located in the foot of the dam, however the water exchange with the lateral aquifer of the hill reservoir can occur in both directions but remain very fleeting. The preliminary results of the modeling approach developed in this work has highlighted the complexity of reservoir-subsurface exchange flux. In fact, the relationship between water level in the hill reservoir and the infiltration flux is not unique and can present different behavior between the rise and decrease phase of the water level in the hill reservoir
Simic, Eva. "Solute transport in the integrated soil-groundwater system : quantification of dominant process impacts and coupling to surface water /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3075.
Повний текст джерелаHamza, Ewess Ibrahim A. [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Wilhelm, and Franz [Gutachter] Narberhaus. "Molecular quantification of viruses in surface water : development of indicator of viral contamination in water / Ibrahim A. Hamza Ewess ; Gutachter: Michael Wilhelm, Franz Narberhaus ; Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1214440479/34.
Повний текст джерелаMeinikmann, Karin. "Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in a Eutrophic Lake – Impacts of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge on Water and Nutrient Budgets." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18203.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is a collection of studies on lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) and groundwater-borne phosphorus (P) loads. For a number of reasons, groundwater exfiltration (i.e., LGD) is often not considered in water and nutrient budgets of lakes. This is also and especially true for P which was often regarded to be immobile in groundwater until recently. Two chapters review the scientific literature regarding the impacts of groundwater on hydrology and nutrient budgets of lakes, respectively. They present mechanisms and processes of LGD as well as techniques and methods to measure LGD and related nutrient transports. Moreover, numbers of LGD volumes and loads reported in literature are presented. The core of the present work is represented by two case studies dealing with the quantification of P loads from LGD to a lake in Germany. A combination of different methods is applied to overcome the problem of quantitative large scale LGD determination without losing local spatial information. P concentrations in groundwater and LGD are investigated by detailed spatial water sampling. The results reveal that P is actually present in concentrations far above natural background concentrations in the urban groundwater. LGD-derived P loads account for more than 50% of the overall external P loads to the lake and by that contribute significantly to lake eutrophication. Three further studies are devoted to the development and improvement of approaches to determine LGD. Critical reviews of the above mentioned studies reveal the need for further research in order to standardize and improve methods for LGD and mass load determination. It is found that the appropriate method for LGD determination depends on the spatial scale of interest. The identification of P introduced by LGD as a main driver of lake eutrophication is an important finding which should encourage scientists, policy makers, and lake managers to consider groundwater as a relevant P source for lakes.
Sharma, Subedi Abhijit. "Quantification of the Effect of Bridge Pier Encasement on Headwater Elevation Using HEC-RAS." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1502982013572665.
Повний текст джерелаLabarthe, Baptiste. "Quantification des échanges nappe-rivière au sein de l’hydrosystème Seine par modélisation multi-échelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM090/document.
Повний текст джерелаGiven the current climate and anthropogenic evolutions, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. For that purpose, by identifying hydraulic continuity between surface and subsurface water, the concept of integrated water management can be introduced. In this work this management concept is applied on the Seine basin by quantizing hydrological processes occuring at the nested stream-aquifer interface. The implementatin of the nested interface concept can bedone through multi-scale modeling. This modelling procedure, aimed at embody the local characteristics of the interfaces (such as structural or hydrodynamic heterogeneities) in large scale models. A multi-scale modelling procedures is applied to the regional Seine basin model (70000 km²) in order, to study the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Bassée alluvial plain, and to quantify the stream-aquifer exchanged fluxes at the basin scale. The modelling protocol is initiated with regionals fluxes estimation over Seine hydrosystem. Regional fluxes consistency are assured by a two-step calibration procedure of fully coupled models. Then, the local characteristics of the Bassée alluvial plain, are implemented in the regional model by nested modelling methodology associated with upscaling procedure of hydraulics properties. Finally, the multi-scale modelling procedure lead to quantify distributed stream-aquifer exchanged water fluxes over 83% of the natural river network of the Seine basin, and thus, achieve to answer the integrated water resources management recommandations of the water framework directive
Simon, Nataline. "Développement des méthodes actives de mesures distribuées de température par fibre optique pour la quantification des écoulements souterrains : apports et limites pour la caractérisation des échanges nappe/rivière." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B028.
Повний текст джерелаGroundwater/surface water interactions play a fundamental role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. However, their quantification is challenging because exchange processes vary both in time and space. Here, we propose an active distributed heat transport experiment in order to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater/surface water interactions. As a first step, we proposed a new approach to evaluate the spatial resolution of temperature measurements. Then, two interpretation methods of active-DTS experiments were developed and fully validated to estimate the distribution of porous media thermal conductivity and the groundwater fluxes in sediments. Based on numerical simulations and sandbox experiments, results demonstrated the potentiality of these methods for quantifying distributed groundwater fluxes with high accuracy. The large range of groundwater fluxes that can be investigated with the method makes specially promising the application of active experiments for many subsurface applications. Secondly, we conducted heat transport experiments within the streambed sediments of two different streams: in a first-order stream, then in a large flow-system located along an alluvial plain. These applications demonstrated the relevance of using active experiments to characterize the spatial complexity of stream exchanges. Finally, the comparison of results obtained for each experimental site allowed discussing the capabilities and limitations of using active-DTS field experiments to characterize groundwater/surface water interactions in different hydrological contexts
Shih, Po-Hung, and 施帛宏. "Using Historical Satellite Imagery to Improve Surface Water Quantification in Bangladesh." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ebb4v.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
土木工程學系
105
Conventional measures to monitor terrestrial water resources are the deploy of water gauges and in situ well. However, these methods are not only expensive and time-consuming, but also require lots of manpower and infrastructure setups. Therefore, using satellite observations to build a water resource monitoring network becomes an attracting alternative. Ranking as the 10th highest population density in the world, Bangladesh is suffering from multiple freshwater issues. Although the monsoon heading from the Indian Ocean brought lots of rainfall that even induce serious floods every year, it is not practicable for Bangladesh to store surface water due to its flat terrain. Meanwhile, the over-pumping of groundwater has induced extensive land subsidence in many administrative divisions. Therefore, Bangladesh needs a monitoring network that can provide large-scale and continuous data to manage their water resources. This research proposes a method to quantify surface water volume and further estimate the sub-surface water (include soil moisture and groundwater) trend. The study case focuses on Sylhet Plain which has the highest annual precipitation in Bangladesh. We first use the modified normalized difference water index to extract water area from Terra/MODIS MOD09A1 product and Landsat-5/-7/-8 Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced TM plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) imageries. Then we accumulate a sequence of images to create flood chance model for the recovery of cloud-covered surface. This approach extends the time series of WA with an overall accuracy of 70–80% in rainy season and 40–50% in dry season. This model can be further used to refine Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), which has few meters uncertainty. Next, we simulate the flood extent using the modified SRTM and obtain and the overall accuracy of flood extent increases 19% compared to original data. By combining recovered WA and reconstructed DEM, the surface water volume (WV) is quantified and the signals of two extreme flood events in 2004 and 2007 are well observed in the estimated WV curve. The shifting days between estimated WV and GRACE equivalent water heights (EWHs) are 4 days in Sylhet Plain and 15 days in Brahmaputra River. The correlation coefficient and RMS of the EWH difference are 91.7% / 0.10 m in Sylhet plain and 95.48% / 0.12 m in Brahmaputra River. Finally, we subtract surface water from GRACE EWH and the result shows a decreasing trend of sub-surface water at 0.5 cm yr-1 in Sylhet Plain and decreasing trend at 1.7 cm cm yr-1 in Brahmaputra River, which agree with previous studies.
Bucibo, Malesole Nontutu Gadihele. "Identification and quantification of selected pesticides in surface water in Southern Gauteng region." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/106.
Повний текст джерелаThe increased production and application of pesticides for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes has caused the pollution of air, soil, ground and surface water. This has a negative impact on the environment as well as human health due to direct exposure or through residues in food and drinking water. The continuous monitoring of pesticides residues in environmental samples has great importance and demands high efficiency, unique selectivity and high sensitivity techniques. Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography have been established for years as the techniques for the analysis of pesticides residues. The dissertation deals with the qualitative and quantitative determination of selected pesticides in the Southern Gauteng region using Liquid- liquid extraction solid-phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction using dichloromethane, hexane and ethyl acetate as the extracting solvent were optimized and evaluated for the determination of pesticides in surface water in the Southern Gauteng region. From the developed method the techniques were applied to water samples taken from different rivers selected namely: Zuikerbosch, Rand Water barrage and Kliprivier for sampling. Dichloromethane was used as a solvent in this study since a recovery test was done between dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The percentage recovery test for 4,4-DDT, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDD and Endosulfan 1 & 2 ranged from 89.9% -97.3% for dichloromethane, 87.3%-96.8% for hexane 88.4%-97.1% for ethyl acetate. The extracts obtained were subjected to column chromatography for clean up. Thereafter 1µl of the cleaned extracts were injected into the Gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. Organochlorines 4,4-DDT and its metabolites, Organophosphate Chlorypyriphos and carbamates were detected using Gas chromatography electron capture, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography.
Chia, Li-Kai, and 賈立凱. "Quantification of water vapor adsorption on aluminum surface by using the FT-IR method." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39770604773739537021.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Ac Araceli. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la détection et la quantification de traces de produits pharmaceutiques dans les eaux du fleuve Saint Laurent." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4966.
Повний текст джерелаThis project aims to document the need to increase our knowledge of organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals in the environment and to assess their environmental fate. We studied the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in different water samples. We studied their presence in wastewater samples from the treatment plant of the City of Montreal, effluents, surface and tap water. To do this we developed two analytical methods based on solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). . The performance of three atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques was also studied for their subsequent use in the developed method. It was demonstrated that electrospray ionization (ESI) is a more effective ionization method for the analysis of pharmaceutical contaminants in samples as complex as wastewaters. A first analytical LC-MS/MS method, was developed and validated for the investigation of samples from the wastewater treatment plant and surface waters near the plant of Montreal. Five prescription drugs were studied: bezafibrate (lipid regulator), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate (two anticancer agents), orlistat (an anti-obesity agent) and enalapril used in the treatment of hypertension. Most of these drugs are excreted by the human body in high percentages and released into domestic wastewaters, making their way to the municipal wastewater treatment plants. It was demonstrated that there is a low rate of elimination at the wastewater treatment plant for bezafibrate and enalapril. These two compounds were also detected in surface waters on a site close to the discharge of the treatment plant effluents. For this first analytical method we observed the necessity of improvement of the detection limits of the method. A second method was then developed to improve the detection limits and to study a total of 14 organic contaminants, including three antiinfective agents (clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim), an anticonvulsant (carbamazepine) and its degradation product 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine, the iii antihypertensive agent (enalapril), two antineoplastic (methotrexate and cyclophosphamide), herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine) and two transformation products of atrazine (desethylatrazine and déisopropylatrazine) and an antiseptic agent (triclocarban). These products were quantified in surface water and tap water. The improvement of the detection limits of this method was possible due to the loading of a greater sample volume than that used in the first method (10 mL vs 1 mL). Other confirmation techniques, such as the data-dependent reverse energy ramp scan on a triple quadrupole and accurate mass measurements on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer were explored. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometer determinations allowed the confirmation of six of the 14 analytes. Finally, due to their toxic properties, the oxidation kinetics of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate with molecular ozone and OH radicals was studied in bench scale. The degradation constants with molecular ozone were calculated and the water quality after treatment was assessed. The overall process performance was improved for cyclophosphamide in natural waters, due to the combination of direct and indirect reactions. The study showed that ozone is very effective for the oxidation of methotrexate, but cyclophosphamide is too slowly oxidized for an effective drinking water treatment under usual conditions.
García, Ac Araceli. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la détection et la quantification de traces de produits pharmaceutiques dans les eaux du fleuve Saint Laurent." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4966.
Повний текст джерелаBann, Glen Robert. "Apparent dryland salinity on the uplands of southeastern Australia; quantification of biotic and abiotic indicators, causes, mechanisms, processes and effects." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101934.
Повний текст джерелаHallee, Brian Todd. "Feed-and-bleed transient analysis of OSU APEX facility using the modern Code Scaling, Applicability, and Uncertainty method." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37872.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 2013