Дисертації з теми "Surface measure"
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Іванцов, В. О., V. O. Ivantsov, ORCID: http://orcid org/0000-0002-2904-0466, К. О. Чишко, K. O. Chyshko, and ORCID: http://orcid org/0000-0001-8810-7950. "Problems of surface inspection as a police measure." Thesis, The First International Scientific Conference on Law and Political Sciences : Proceedings of the Conference (March 15, 2017). – Vienna : «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, 2017. – P. 51-55, 2017. http://dspace.univd.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/3655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vladymyr O. Ivantsov Problems of surface inspection as a police measure / Vladymyr O. Ivantsov, Kateryne O. Chyshko // The First International Scientific Conference on Law and Political Sciences : Proceedings of the Conference (March 15, 2017). – Vienna : «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, 2017. – P. 51-55The execution of an administrative offense by the person to whom the superficial verification was carried out is the basis for administrative detention (articles 260, 262 of The Administrative Code). Conducting administrative detention is inextricably linked with the implementation of the inspection in accordance with the provisions of article 264 of The Administrative Code and as consequence — withdrawal of “things and documents being an instrument or direct object of an offense” (article 265 of The Administrative Code). At the same time, documenting the fact of seizure of things that could be the subject of a crime (firearms, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances) within the framework of proceedings for administrative offenses is quite legal, as it is expressly provided for in The Administrative Code. In turn, this approach to ensuring the personal safety of the policeman and other people, as a whole, does not exclude the possibility of providing police with safety and inspection of any traces of an offense under article 237 of The Criminal Procedure Code
2
Bergquist, Robin, and Nicholas Stenbeck. "Using Augmented Reality to Measure Vertical Surfaces." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Augmented Reality is commonly used for entertainment purposes on today’s smartphones. We intend to aid the evolution of Augmented Reality as a tool as opposed to a toy. With the use of Apple’s ARKit 1.5 release, which features vertical surface recognition, we implement and evaluate a solution to a target problem which aims to contribute to the knowledge of Augmented Reality’s strength and weaknesses. The implementation allows an iPhone user to measure surface areas by placing anchors to mark an area to be measured. We find that our Augmented Reality tool does not provide the same precision as manual measurements but is still reasonably within boundaries if an estimation is acceptable.
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Perreault, John D. "Using Atom Optics to Measure van der Waals Atom-Surface Interactions." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1317%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Abdul, Rahman Mohd Yusof Bin. "The development of a dynamic horizontal permeameter to measure surface drainage characteristics of textured impervious road surfaces." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/682.
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Zou, Lifong. "An optical measurement system to measure free form surfaces." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Free form surface measurement and its subsequent analysis is becoming a subject of considerable interest, not only within the engineering field, but also in bioengineering, medical and dental research. In particular, within the field of dental research, the oral structures comprise a variety of complex free form surfaces, which are often recorded by elastomeric impression materials. In this study, an optical triangulation-based, noncontact probe fitted onto a Co-ordinate Measuring Machine was used to acquire three-dimensional co-ordinate data from such complex free form surfaces. When using an optical probe to digitise a complex free form surface represented by impressions, an optimal digitisation strategy is critical to limit the uncertainty of the data acquisition procedure, because the raw data are the basis for later surface measurement and analysis. This study attempted to optimise a method for three dimensional free form surface data acquisition, measurement and analysis. A theoretical and systematic analysis of error distribution was carried out using standard objects and optimal digitisation strategies were proposed in relation to specified models. Two simulation models of two typical human tooth surfaces were extensively analysed and evaluated. Three reference systems were developed for comparative measurements of those surfaces that have fewer geometrical features. An integrated automatic data acquisition procedure was also developed to scan a large number of impressions. Several successful research applications have been carried out using the methodology developed in this study.
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Tian, Yuan TIAN. "How to Measure Work of Adhesion and Surface Tension of Soft Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523295919890025.
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Liu, Jeng-Shiung. "Improvement of an acoustic sounder device used to measure atmospheric turbulence." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FLiu.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas J. Hofler, Donald L. Walters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52) Also available online.
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Poosapadi, Arjunan Sridhar, and sridhar arjunan@rmit edu au. "Fractal features of Surface Electromyogram: A new measure for low level muscle activation." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090629.095851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Identifying finger and wrist flexion based actions using single channel surface electromyogram have a number of rehabilitation, defence and human computer interface applications. These applications are currently infeasible because of unreliability in classification of sEMG when the level of muscle contraction is low and when there are multiple active muscles. The presence of noise and cross-talk from closely located and simultaneously active muscles is exaggerated when muscles are weakly active such as during maintained wrist and finger flexion. It has been established in literature that surface electromyogram (sEMG) and other such biosignals are fractal signals. Some researchers have determined that fractal dimension (FD) is related to strength of muscle contraction. On careful analysis of fractal properties of sEMG, this research work has established that FD is related to the muscle size and complexity and not to the strength of muscle contraction. The work has also identified a novel feature, maximum fractal length (MFL) of the signal, as a good measure of strength of contraction of the muscle. From the analysis, it is observed that while at high level of contraction, root mean square (RMS) is an indicator of strength of contraction of the muscle, this relationship is not very strong when the muscle contraction is less than 50% maximum voluntary contraction. This work has established that MFL is a more reliable measure of strength of contraction compared to RMS, especially at low levels of contraction. This research work reports the use of fractal properties of sEMG to identify the small changes in strength of muscle contraction and the location of the active muscles. It is observed that fractal dimension (FD) of the signal is related with the properties of the muscle while maximum fractal length (MFL) is related to the strength of contraction of the associated muscle. The results show that classifying MFL and FD of a single channel sEMG from the forearm it is possible to accurately identify a set of finger and wrist flexion based actions even when the muscle activity is very weak. It is proposed that such a system could be used to control a prosthetic hand or for human computer interface.
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Das, Kajal. "On Uniform and integrable measure equivalence between discrete groups." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ma thèse se situe à l'intersection de \textit {la théorie des groupes géométrique} et \textit{la théorie des groupes mesurée}. Une question majeure dans la théorie des groupes géométrique est d'étudier la classe de quasi-isométrie (QI) et la classe d'équivalence mesurée (ME) d'un groupe, respectivement. $L^p$-équivalence mesurée est une relation d'équivalence qui est définie en ajoutant des contraintes géométriques avec d'équivalence mesurée. En plus, QI est une condition géométrique. Il est une question naturelle, si deux groupes sont QI et ME, si elles sont $L^p$-ME pour certains $p>0$. Dans mon premier article, en collaboration avec R. Tessera, nous répondons négativement à cette question pour $p\geq 1$, montrant que l'extension centrale canonique d'un groupe surface de genre plus élevé ne sont pas $L^1$-ME pour le produit direct de ce groupe de surface avec $\mathbb{Z}$ (alors qu'ils sont à la fois quasi-isométrique et équivalente mesurée).Dans mon deuxième papier, j'ai observé un lien général entre la géométrie des expandeurs, defini comme une séquence des quotients finis ( l'espace de boîte) d'un groupe finiment engendré, et les propriétés mesurée theorique du groupe. Plus précisément, je l'ai prouvé que si deux <> sont quasi-isométrique, les groupes correspondants doivent être <>, une notion qui combine à la fois QI et ME. Je prouve aussi une version de ce résultat pour le plongement grossière, ce qui permet de distinguer plusieurs classe des expandeurs. Par exemple, je montre que les expandeurs associé à $SL(m, \mathbb{Z})$ ne grossièrement plongent à les expandeurs associés à $SL_n(\mathbb{Z})$ si $m>n$My thesis lies at the intersection of \textit{geometric group theory} and \textit{measured group theory}. A major question in geometric group theory is to study the quasi-isometry (QI) class and the measure equivalence (ME) class of a group, respectively. $L^p$-measure equivalence is an equivalence relation which is defined by adding some geometric constraints with measure equivalence. Besides, quasi-isometry is a geometric condition. It is a natural question if two groups are QI and ME, whether they are $L^p$-ME for some $p>0$. In my first paper, together with R. Tessera, we answer this question negatively for $p\geq 1$, showing that the canonical central extension of a surface group of higher genus is not $L^1$-ME to the direct product of this surface group with $\mathbb{Z}$ (while they are both quasi-isometric and measure equivalent). In my second paper, I observed a general link between the geometry of expanders arising as a sequence of finite quotients (box space) of a finitely generated group, and the measured theoretic properties of the group. More precisely, I proved that if two box spaces' are quasi-isometric, then the corresponding groups must be `uniformly measure equivalent', a notion that combines both quasi-isometry and measure equivalence. I also prove a version of this result for coarse embedding, allowing to distinguish many classes of expanders. For instance, I show that the expanders associated to $SL(m,\mathbb{Z})$ do not coarsely embed inside the expanders associated to $SL_n(\mathbb{Z}$ if $m>n$
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Reichl, Paul 1973. "Flow past a cylinder close to a free surface." Monash University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9212.
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Binns, Robert Michael. "Improved Terrain Measurement System for Estimation of Global Terrain Features, Surface Roughness, and Texture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For decades, the pavement engineering community has continued to drive improvements in accuracy and repeatability of terrain measurement systems. Traditional terrain measurement systems are tailored for a measuring a specific scale and resolution and hence application scope. These systems tend to focus on surface roughness alone and reject either fine macrotexture or large-scale global features. This work proposes a novel improvement to the terrain measurement system, by increasing the capability to measure the terrain surface at a variety of scales. By increasing the scales of measurement, desired aspects of the terrain profile can be accurately obtained for a wide variety of applications without having to omit large-scale features or macrotexture.
In addition to increasing the capabilities of the traditional terrain measurement system, methods for addressing and minimizing sources of error within the system are developed. Major sources of error in terrain measurement systems, which compromise the accuracy and repeatability of the resulting measured terrain, include scanning laser uncertainty, inertial navigation system (INS) uncertainty and drift, triggering and time synchronization, system misalignment, and post-processing errors. These errors are addressed, and an improved Vehicle Terrain Measurement System (VTMS) is proposed. A triggering and time synchronization system is developed and insight into the development of this system for a terrain measurement system is gained. All three scanning lasers are individually assessed for linearity, with sample profiles analyzed for agreement. The improved VTMS represents a significant development in terrain measurement systems.
Master of Science
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Henchie, Travis F. "An Image-Based Method to Measure Joint Deformity in Inflammatory Arthritis." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Quantifying joint deformity in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), remains problematic because it is difficult to estimate where the healthy joint surface would have been. Methods The second metacarpophalangeal of RA, PsA and healthy subjects were imaged with HR-pQCT. Using the bone surfaces of the healthy cohort as a reference, the method predicted the healthy surface of each individual diseased bone surface. Quantifiable outcomes were measured based on differences between the predicted healthy surface and the actual diseased surface. Sensitivity studies were conducted to measure precision, and the algorithm was validated against artificially created deformities with known geometries. Results Subjects with PsA and RA had significantly greater occurrences of erosion based surface outcomes than the healthy cohort. Sensitivity analyses revealed precision errors of up to 0.26 mm. Validating the algorithm showed an average accuracy error of 0.12 mm (4%) for detecting erosions and 0.27 mm (20%) for detecting periosteal bone growths. Conclusions The new method allows for visualization and quantification of surface changes within the affected joint by identifying areas of erosion and periosteal bone formation. Surface based outcomes are a novel way to interpret and further quantify articular bone changes affected by PsA and RA.
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Smith, Hurtford. "Improving the Quality of Terrain Measurement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emergence of high-fidelity vehicle and tire models has raised the requirements for terrain measurement capabilities. Inaccuracies that were once tolerable for measurement of general terrain roughness are no longer acceptable for these new applications. The techniques in this work seek to improve the quality of terrain measurement in addition to providing an objective way to describe the accuracy of these measurements. The first portion of this work develops an accuracy verification procedure for terrain measurement systems. This procedure involves a static test to assess the limitations of the profilerâ s laser height sensor, and a corresponding dynamic test to evaluate the limitations of the positioning sensors. Even with a well calibrated system, inertial errors will accumulate. The second portion of this work develops techniques to address these inertial errors in the data post-processing phase. A general correction technique is developed for any terrain type and a more computationally efficient technique is developed for smooth surfaces.
For basic ride and handling simulations, 3D terrain surfaces are computationally impractical, as the models used for these simulations only require point excitation. Current road profilers acquiring these 2D data use single-point lasers that capture localized disturbances that would be mechanically filtered by the tire and suspension in the physical vehicle system. The final chapter in this work develops a method to extract a 2D terrain profile from a 3D terrain surface. By considering all of the information in the tire contact patch, the filtering properties of the tire are approximately emulated.Master of Science
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Ura, Hernandez Daniel. "Development of a test device to measure the tribological behaviour of shoe-surface interactions in tennis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16882/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis was to better understand the tribological mechanisms that occur during typical player movements, build further on this understanding and develop a robust, portable device to assess the friction characteristics of tennis surfaces that relate to playing performance and safety. To understand the tennis player’s response and adaptability to a tennis court surface, including friction in the shoe-surface interface, a series of friction experiments were carried out on three categories of tennis surface, grass, clay and hardcourt. For grass, parameters such as moisture, level of wear and height were found to have an effect on the shoe-surface friction. For clay, influence of clay particle size and the infill volume was established. In terms of biomechanical conditions, it was found that the shoe orientation during a slide affects the friction. It was demonstrated that matching applied pressures is a useful approach for shoe friction testing and analysis. Through video analysis, shoe landing and sliding were found to be two possible ‘risk’ movements. Material characterisation, combined with friction and temperature measurements have provided empirical knowledge into the manner in which shoes and surfaces behave. During a slide on hardcourts, temperature changes were found to be different along a shoe outsole. The front part experienced higher change of temperature compared to other positions. Three types of bespoke tread samples were produced and tested, resulting a ‘holed sample’ the optimal to use. These samples resulted relatively easy to manufacture and generate frictional results compared to tennis shoes. The final robust portable device resulting from this study, measures the friction characteristics of the shoe-surface interface representative of match-play tennis. The device can be used in two configurations to replicate a shoe landing and a sliding movement. The test shoe consists of a commercial rubber with a bespoke tread design with mechanical properties that match typical values to a tennis shoe. This device will aid the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and the sports surface research community to gain understanding of player-shoe-surface frictional interactions, and allow courts to be monitored around the world.
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MISHRA, AWANISH KUMAR. "DESIGN OF A NOVEL SAPPHIRE BASED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR TO MEASURE THE SURFACE RESISTANCE OF HIGH TEMP SUPER CONDUCTORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061222730.
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Reynolds, James Robb. "Using digital elevation models to measure the surface and volumetric change of Athabasca Glacier, Canada, 1919-1979." Waterloo, Ontario : Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/wlu/fullcit?pMM11455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)-Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (l.174-182). Issued also online via the World Wide Web; files in PDF format available to WLU users. Available in microfiche format.
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Singh, Harjinthar. "Development of a measurement instrument using capacitance sensors techniques to image and measure the skin surface hydration." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2010. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1405/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies have shown that capacitance sensors can be used for skin hydration imaging, surface analysis and skin micro relief measurements. In this report, development of a hardware measurement instrument and accompanying software that was made is discussed. Work then focussed on stratum corneum (SC) dynamic water concentration measurements using the capacitance sensor. To further validate the measurement results, the capacitance sensors SC surface hydration results are compared with the optoAthermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER) and transA epidermal water loss (TEWL) results measured by using the condenserAchamber TEWL method. To achieve the aim of this project, a handAheld probe, based on the FingerPrint Card area sensor development kit (FPCASMD 5410, FPCAAMD 6410 and then on the FUJITSU MBFA200), has been developed and used in this research. The development kit contains an array area sensor chip, a processor board and a serial/USB connecting cable for connecting to a PC. Dedicated JAVA, C++ and Mathworks MatLab programs have also been developed, which can capture the images, process the images, perform grayscale value calculation and display the images. A secondary program was developed in MatLab that allows extraction of data from raw image files created by the sensor. These data are then processed to show mathematical calculations and image profiling of the subject skin site. Additionally, the MBFA200 sensor is able to record live video files of the skin. The precision of the resulting data is analysed and multiple experiments are conducted to test the viability and usage of the capacitance sensor in different areas of research such as skin hydration, occlusion, depilation and scar measurement. Further test were also conducted on a multitude of hydrated surfaces both live an nonAlive.
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Gant, Lauren Christine. "Spectral analysis of root-mean-square processed surface electromyography data as a measure of repetitive muscular exertion." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Highly repetitive motion is associated with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among industrial workers.Current methods of estimating occupational exposure to "repetitiveness" provide information about the repetitiveness of joint motion, but fail to provide complete information about the repetitiveness of muscular exertion, a more biomechanically meaningful measure of repetition. This thesis introduces an innovative digital signal processing method, from which muscular exertion frequency was estimated. Specifically, time series recordings of muscle activity obtained with surface electromyography (sEMG) were processed with standard root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude calculations and then transformed from the time domain into the frequency domain. The mean power frequencies of the RMS-processed sEMG signals (MPF EMG) were then calculated to estimate muscular exertion frequency.
In a laboratory-based validation study involving repetitive isometric hand gripping exertions, MPF EMG was compared to measures of muscular exertion frequency and joint motion frequency across a range of known exertion frequencies, intensities, and durations. Strong linear relationships were observed between MPF EMG and external measures of muscular exertion frequency. However, performance of MPF EMG as a measure of muscular exertion frequency may be improved with an increase of the signal to noise ratio in the sEMG data. Signal processing parameters were therefore investigated. Alternative processing parameters were suggested to minimize difference between MPF EMG and established methods of muscular exertion frequency.
A second laboratory-based validation study compared MPF EMG to a measure of muscular exertion frequency and a measure of joint movement frequency during a simulated industrial task. Although a stronger linear relationship was observed between metrics of joint motion frequency and established measures of muscular exertion, the differences between measures were not meaningful and the relationship between MPF EMG and established measures was moderate-to-strong.
The final phase of this thesis explored the application of the proposed techniques to field-based data collected during a study of ironworkers involved in construction stud-welding tasks. Limitations in data collection limited the analysis of MPF EMG in this study.
The research presented in this thesis introduces a novel metric based on the frequency analysis of RMS processed sEMG data, and presents evidence that MPF EMG has potential to be a valuable assessment technique of exposure to repetitive muscular exertion.
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vechalapu, uday bhaskar. "Real-Time 2D Digital Image Correlation to Measure Surface Deformation on Graphics Processing Unit using CUDA C." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1522108261138081.
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Bolinius, Damien Johann. "Methods to measure mass transfer kinetics, partition ratios and atmospheric fluxes of organic chemicals in forest systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation plays an important role in the partitioning, transport and fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in the environment. This thesis aimed at addressing two key knowledge gaps in our understanding of how plants exchange HOCs with the atmosphere: (1) To improve our understanding of the uptake of HOCs into, and transfer through, leaves of different plant species which can significantly influence the transport and fate of HOCs in the environment; and (2) To evaluate an experimental approach to measure fluxes of HOCs in the field. The methods presented in papers I, II and III contribute to increasing our understanding of the fate and transport of HOCs in leaves by offering straightforward ways of measuring mass transfer coefficients through leaves and partition ratios of HOCs between leaves, leaf lipids and lipid standards and reference materials like water, air and olive oil. The passive dosing study in paper III in particular investigated the role of the composition of the organic matter extracted from leaves in determining the capacity of the leaves to hold chemicals and found no large differences between 7 different plant species, even though literature data on leaf/air partition ratios (Kleaf/air) varies over 1-3 orders of magnitude. In paper IV we demonstrated that the modified Bowen ratio method can be extended to measure fluxes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) if the fluxes do not change direction over the course of the sampling period and are large enough to be measured. This approach thus makes it possible to measure fluxes of POPs that usually require sampling times of days to weeks to exceed method detection limits. The experimental methods described in this thesis have the potential to support improved parameterization of multimedia models, which can then be evaluated against fluxes measured in the field using the modified Bowen ratio approach.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Smith, Mark A. "A detector to measure ⁹Li production rate in liquid scintillator at the earth's surface by cosmic ray muons." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1542.
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Drovetto, Junior Sidnei Augusto. "Reconhecimento facial 3D utilizando o Simulated Annealing com as medidas Surface Interpenetration Measure e M-estimator Sample Consensus." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/12018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em InformáticaInclui bibliografia
Orientadora : Olga R. P. Bellon
Co-orientador : Luciano Silva
Defesa: Curitiba, 2007
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Smith, Mark A. "A detector to measure 9Li production rate in liquid scintillator at the earth’s surface by cosmic ray muons." Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Physics
Glenn A. Horton-Smith
The next generation of nuclear fission reactor based neutrino experiments seeking to measure the Theta-13 mixing angle rely upon measurements made by detectors placed close to the reactor, and therefore less shielded from cosmic ray muons by the earth. 9Li production in liquid scintillator by these cosmic ray muons becomes a serious problem for these experiments that must be dealt with since the 9Li production rate is still a significant fraction of the neutrino interaction rate. This 9Li background reduces the experiment’s sensitivity to measure the Theta-13 mixing angle. This thesis discusses a small detector designed to measure the 9Li production rate in liquid scintillator at the earth’s surface by cosmic ray muons. The detector was designed, built, and finally, calibrated. The ability to find the signals necessary to actually measure the 9Li production rate is shown, establishing that this detector will be able to measure the production rate. A 90% significance level upper limit for the 9Li-like production rate, based on only 3.5 days worth of data, is reported as 213 9Li-like events per day per ton.
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Demko, Daniel Todd. "Tools for Multi-Objective and Multi-Disciplinary Optimization in Naval Ship Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis focuses on practical and quantitative methods for measuring effectiveness in naval ship design. An Overall Measure of Effectiveness (OMOE) model or function is an essential prerequisite for optimization and design trade-off. This effectiveness can be limited to individual ship missions or extend to missions within a task group or larger context. A method is presented that uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with Multi-Attribute Value Theory to build an Overall Measure of Effectiveness and Overall Measure of Risk function to properly rank and approximately measure the relative mission effectiveness and risk of design alternatives, using trained expert opinion to replace complex analysis tools. A validation of this method is achieved through experimentation comparing ships ranked by the method with direct ranking of the ships through war gaming scenarios.
The second part of this thesis presents a mathematical ship synthesis model to be used in early concept development stages of the ship design process. Tools to simplify and introduce greater accuracy are described and developed. Response Surface Models and Design of Experiments simplify and speed up the process. Finite element codes such as MAESTRO improve the accuracy of the ship synthesis models which in turn lower costs later in the design process. A case study of an Advanced Logistics Delivery Ship (ALDV) is performed to asses the use of RSM and DOE methods to minimize computation time when using high-fidelity codes early in the naval ship design process.Master of Science
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Mason, Graeme. "Test and calibration of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer, a satellite-borne infrared radiometer designed to measure sea surface temperature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293406.
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Mattsson, Anna. "Är variation i STFI-tjocklek ett bra mått på kartongs bulighet? : Are variation in STFI-thickness a good measure of uneven surface, bumpiness, on cardboard?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This degree project aim to evaluate if variations of the STFI thickness can be used to assess bumpiness on cardboard. During the project cardboard samples were measured using Bendtsen, PPS, a L&W formation tester, OptiTopo, Ambertec formation, the STFI thickness tester and a visual comparison. The different methods were then compared to see if there is any correlations between them. The results showed that the visual comparison and OptiTopo correlates. The STFI thickness tester shows however no correlation with the OptiTopo and visual comparison, thus aren't suitable measuring bumpiness.
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Lauer, Benjamin. "Exploiting space-based optical and radar imagery to measure and model tectonic deformation in continental areas." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans ce travail, nous souhaitons montrer l’atout de l’imagerie satellite pour contraindre et modéliser la déformation tectonique. Cette dernière représente la signature du comportement des failles et est un élément clé pour comprendre leur mécanique et les risques associés. Plus particulièrement, nous souhaitons montrer le bénéfice 1) de la combinaison d’images satellite optiques et radar pour mesurer la déformation cosismique en 3D et modéliser les caractéristiques des failles (géométrie et glissement) et 2) de l’utilisation d’images satellite historiques pour étendre la couverture temporelle des mesures et quantifier des déformations lentes. Le séisme du Balochistan fut largement décrochant senestre, avec une composante de chevauchement secondaire. En combinant des images satellite optiques (SPOT 5, Landsat 8) et radar (RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X ScanSAR), nous calculons le champ de déformation cosismique complet en 3D ainsi que la distribution de glissement en surface. Cet ensemble de données nous permet également d’explorer la géométrie de faille et la distribution du glissement en profondeur. Certains segments de la faille décrochant de Chaman (Pakistan) sont sujets à du glissement superficiel asismique de l’ordre d’un cm/an. Nous présentons l’avancement actuel d’un projet en cours dont le but est de mesurer un tel glissement à partir d’images historiques Corona. La procédure d’acquisition atypique de ces images et le manque de métadonnées impose une réévaluation de la chaîne de traitement photogrammétrique. Nous présentons donc un modèle de caméra et une méthode automatisée de génération de Points d’Appui à partir d’images SPOT 6/7, nous permettant de calibrer le modèle de caméraIn this work we aim to illustrate the asset of satellite imagery to constrain and model tectonic deformation. Tectonic deformation is a signature of faults behavior and is a key element to understand fault systems mechanics and the corresponding hazard. We especially intend to demonstrate the benefit of 1) combining satellite optical and radar data to measure coseismic deformations in 3D and provide constraints to model the geometric and cinematic properties of faults and 2) enhance the temporal coverage of measurements by using historical satellite images to quantify slow deformation over time. The Balochistan earthquake was dominated by left-lateral slip, with a secondary reverse component. By combining optical (SPOT 5, Landsat 8) and radar satellite data (RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X ScanSAR), we derive the full 3D coseismic displacement field and the slip distribution at the surface. Such an extensive dataset allows us to explore the fault geometry and the slip distribution at depth. A few segments of the strike-slip Chaman fault, in Pakistan, are prone to shallow aseismic creep at a rate of ~1cm/yr. We present the current status of an ongoing project that aims to enable creep rate measurements from Corona historical images. Both the atypical acquisition procedure of these images (panoramic pushbroom) and the lack of metadata impose a reassessment of part of the photogrammetric processing. We thus present an implementation of a camera model and a fully automated method to compute Ground Control Points for Corona images using current SPOT 6/7 imagery, allowing for calibrating the camera model
28
Scheepers, Christiaan. "Multi-guided particle swarm optimization : a multi-objective particle swarm optimizer." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An exploratory analysis in low-dimensional objective space of the vector evaluated particle swarm optimization (VEPSO) algorithm is presented. A novel visualization technique is presented and applied to perform the exploratory analysis. The exploratory analysis together with a quantitative analysis revealed that the VEPSO algorithm continues to explore without exploiting the well-performing areas of the search space. A detailed investigation into the influence that the choice of archive implementation has on the performance of the VEPSO algorithm is presented. Both the Pareto-optimal front (POF) solution diversity and convergence towards the true POF is considered during the investigation. Attainment surfaces are investigated for their suitability in efficiently comparing two multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithms. A new measure to objectively compare algorithms in multi-dimensional objective space, based on attainment surfaces, is presented. This measure, referred to as the porcupine measure, adapts the attainment surface measure by using a statistical test along with weighted intersection lines. Loosely based on the VEPSO algorithm, the multi-guided particle swarm optimization (MGPSO) algorithm is presented and evaluated. The results indicate that the MGPSO algorithm overcomes the weaknesses of the VEPSO algorithm and also outperforms a number of state of the art MOO algorithms on at least two benchmark test sets.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Computer Science
PhD
Unrestricted
29
Aithocine, Elise. "Développement et validation d'un instrument non-invasif de caractérisation du comportement musculaire respiratoire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les progrès en anesthésie et en réanimation ont pour objectifs la réduction de la durée de surveillance et l’amélioration de la qualité de la récupération. Pour le cas particulier de l’assistance respiratoire, la capacité de surveiller et d’optimiser l’adaptation entre le patient et sa machine d’assistance est déterminante pour la qualité et la conduite des soins. Ce travail de thèse concerne dans sa première partie la mise en place et la validation d’un outil instrumental permettant de caractériser un comportement respiratoire par l’étude cycle à cycle du délai d’activation inspiratoire entre les muscles des voies aériennes supérieures et de la cage thoracique. Cet outil doit prendre en compte les contraintes imposées par le milieu clinique, telle qu’une mesure non-invasive des muscles respiratoires. La mesure cycle à cycle et par voie de surface du délai d’activation est un véritable challenge dans un environnement clinique qui est fortement perturbé. La démarche choisie ici est double avec en parallèle : i) la mise en place d’un outil de détection d’événements menée sous supervision ; ii) la définition d’un protocole original sur sujets sains prenant en compte les contraintes cliniques et permettant de valider l’outil et de constituer une base de connaissance pour envisager l’automatisation des procédés dans un travail futur. D’un point de vue psychologique, l’influence de la fréquence respiratoire sur le délai d’activation de l’inspiration n’a pas été étudiée à ce jour. Ce délai a donc été mesuré en condition de normocapnie à différentes fréquences respiratoires imposées par un stimulus sonore. Une étude statistique montre que l’instrument permet de distinguer deux situations psychologiques du protocole expérimental, ce qui en démontre la sensibilité. La deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une optimisation des méthodes de détection de singularité d’intérêt. La solution choisie ici se base sur l’intensité structurelle qui calcule la densité de maxima d’ondelettes à différentes échelles et permet une localisation des singularités d’un signal bruité. Une formulation de cet outil qui utilise la transformée de Berkner est proposée. Celle-ci permet le chaînage des maxima d’ondelettes afin de positionner précisément les landmarks du signal. Le filtrage de l’artefact ECG dans l’EMG diaphragmatique sans signal de référence est proposé comme exemple d’applicationBetter care in an anesthesia and critical care reduces monitoring duration of monitoring and improves the quality of recovery. For the particular case of respiratory assistance, the capacity to track and optimize patient-ventilator synchrony is essential to quality care. As a first step, this thesis addresses the development and validation of an instrument which characterizes respiratory behavior by studying the time lag between onset of upper airway muscles and rib cage muscles, cycle by respiration. This tool must take into account the constraints imposed by the clinical environment; measuring respiratory muscles by surface electromyographic measure (EMG). Measurement of the onset time lag, cycle by cycle and non-invasively, is a true challenge in a critical care clinical environment. Here the approach is two-fold: i) The development of a tool for events detection. Ii) The definition of an original protocol on healthy subjects. The tool development constitutes a knowledge bases to eventually develop automation of the processes in future work. From a physiological point of view, the influence of respiratory rate on the EMG onset time lag during inspiration has not been studied. Thus, we measured this time lag in normocapnia at various respiratory rates imposed by a sound stimulus. Statistically, the instrumental tool can distinguish two physiological situations in this experimental protocol, which confirms its sensitivity. The second step of this thesis is part of an optimization of events detection methods with singularities of interest. The chosen solution is based on structural intensity which computes the "density" of the locations of the modulus maxima of wavelet representation along various scales in order to identify singularities of an unknown signal. An improvement is proposed by applying Berkner transform which allows maxima linkage to insure accurate localization of landmarks. An application to cancel ECG interference in diaphragmatic EMG without a reference signal is also proposed
30
Ciccarone, Charles. "Utilisation d'ondes de surface à l'aide de scanners acoustiques sans contact pour le contrôle non destructif de structures en béton." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail propose une méthode acoustique de contrôle non destructif du béton pour les structures du génie civil. Les ondes utilisées dans cette thèse sont des ondes de surface, car elles ont la propriété de pénétrerle matériau sur une profondeur égale à leur longueur d’onde. L’auscultation du béton est faite à l’aide de deuxscanners : un premier scanner appliquant cette méthode avec des ondes hautes fréquences a été utilisé pourcaractériser la peau d’un béton, tandis qu’un second scanner utilisant des ondes basses fréquences, développé dansle cadre de ce travail, a permis de caractériser un béton sur l’épaisseur d’un mur entier. Afin de déterminer lescapacités et les limites de cette méthode pour le contrôle non destructif du béton, plusieurs pathologies ouconditions environnementales du béton ont été simulées en laboratoire sur des éprouvettes. Ces éprouvettes ontensuite été auscultées de manière non destructive avec les scanners acoustiques, puis de manière destructive avecdes tests matériau. Les pathologies ou conditions en question sont la lixiviation, la délamination, lamicro/macrofissuration du béton, et son état de saturation. La comparaison des résultats nous a permis de conclureque cette méthode et ces scanners sont capables de détecter et déterminer la profondeur d’une lixiviation du béton,de même que pour une délamination au sein de béton, de suivre l’évolution d’un front de saturation au sein d’uncalcaire mais pas encore au sein d’un béton, et de détecter et suivre la contrainte et la microfissuration ainsi quel’évolution de macro fissures, notamment grâce à des mesures automatisées effectuées in situ sur la structure deVeRCoRsThis work proposes a method for the non-destructive testing of concrete for civil engineering structures.This method is based on the emission and reception - when the surface wave has passed through the material - ofacoustic sonic and ultrasonic waves. The waves used in this thesis are surface waves, as they have the property ofpenetrating the material to a depth equal to their wavelength. The auscultation of concrete is done using twoscanners: a first scanner applying this method with high frequency waves was used to characterize the concreteskin, while a second scanner using low frequency waves, developed within the framework of this work, made itpossible to characterize a concrete over the thickness of an entire wall. In order to determine the capabilities andlimitations of this method for the non-destructive testing of concrete, several pathologies or environmentalconditions of concrete were simulated in the laboratory on test specimens. These specimens were then examinednon-destructively with acoustic scanners and destructively with material tests. The pathologies or conditions inquestion were leaching, delamination, micro/macrocracking of the concrete, and its state of saturation. Comparisonof the results allowed us to conclude that this method and these scanners are able to detect and determine the depthof a leaching of concrete, as well as for a delamination within concrete, to follow the evolution of a saturation frontwithin a limestone but not yet within a concrete, and to detect and follow the stress and micro-cracking as well asthe evolution of macro-cracks, in particular thanks to automated measurements carried out in situ on the VeRCoRsstructure
31
CARNEIRO, ANDRE RUBENS FRANCA. "SURFACE DIFFEOMORPHISMS WITH NON-TRIVIAL INVARIANT MEASURES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12308@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Alguns difeomorfismos de superfícies fechadas possuem apenas medidas invariantes triviais, isto é, medidas cujo suporte está contido no conjunto de pontos fixos. Resultados dessa natureza fazem uso fundamental da classificação dos homeomorfismos de superfície, tornando-os típicos da dimensão 2. Nós atacamos esse problema mostrando que difeomorfismos de superfícies que admitem medidas invariantes não-triviais exibem uma forma de crescimento linear positivo. As técnicas utilizadas são elementares e uma parte significativa dos resultados continua válida em dimensões mais altas.
Some diffeomorphisms of closed surfaces only have trivial invariant probabilities, i.e., those supported on the set of fixed points. Results of this nature make extensive use of the classification of surface homeomorphisms, making them typical of dimension 2. We attack this problem by showing that surface diffeomorphisms admiting non-trivial invariant probabilities exhibit some sort of positive linear growth. The techniques used are elementary and a significant part of the results remains valid in higher dimensions.
32
Моравецька, Катерина Вiталiївна. "Мiри на банахових многовидах з рiвномiрною структурою". Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертацiя присвячена диференцiйовним мiрам на банахових многовидах
з рiвномiрною структурою.
Запропоновано метод побудови асоцiйованих мiр на поверхнях скiнченної
корозмiрностi, вкладених у банахiв многовид з рiвномiрною структурою. Введено поняття асоцiйованої диференцiальної форми поверхнi та строго трансверсального до поверхнi набору векторних полiв. Доведено теорему “про узгодженiсть”, згiдно з якою поверхнева мiра задається однозначно асоцiйованою
диференцiальною формою поверхнi. Показано транзитивнiсть запропонованої
конструкцiї. На прикладi мiри Лебега в скiнченновимiрному просторi Rn та
мiри об’єму на рiмановому многовидi з рiвномiрною структурою обґрунтовано її адекватнiсть.
Отримано узагальнення низки результатiв з теорiї диференцiйовних мiр на
лiнiйних просторах на випадок банахових многовидiв з рiвномiрною структурою. Доведено критерiй слабкої диференцiйовностi мiри уздовж обмеженого
векторного поля, що узагальнює вiдомий результат В. I. Богачова.
33
Kennewell, Kimberly. "Surface and interface anisotropies measured using inductive magnetometry." University of Western Australia. School of Physics, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, an inductive ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique is developed to measure the magnetisation dynamics in thin films across a wide range of frequencies and fields. In particular, this project concentrates on measuring higher order exchange dominated modes to observe surface and interface effects in bilayer films. The experimental technique was first developed as a time domain technique, utilising a fast rise time (~50 ps) step pulse to disturb the equilibrium position of the magnetisation. The subsequent precessional damped decay was measured at different applied fields to observe the resonant modes. The data is Fourier transformed to extract a frequency dependent susceptiblity, and results are presented for the frequency and linewidth dependence of excitations of a permalloy film as a function of applied field. This technique is limited to a frequency range dictated by the rise time of the pulse. The technique was then extended so as to use a continuous wave perturbation, utilising a network analyser as both the excitation source and the measurement device. The scattered wave parameters of both the transmission and reflection from the sample were measured, and a magnetic susceptibility is extracted. This method has a frequency range which is dictated by the bandwidth of the network analyser and the microwave circuit. In this project, results are presented for frequencies up to 15 GHz. The signal to noise ratio was also found to be lower than the pulsed technique. Fundamental resonant mode studies are presented for a Fe/MnPd exchange bias bilayer film. Crystalline and exchange anisotropies are extracted from angular measurements, and the behaviour of the magnetisation is investigated during its reorientation to a hard axis direction. Information about the distribution of the local exchange field strength and direction is predicted. Fundamental mode studies are also presented for a Py/Co exchange spring bilayer film. Two modes are observed, approximating an optical and acoustical excitation. Film systems were also designed with suitable thicknesses to observe in the experimentally available frequency range non-uniform exchange dominated excitations through the thickness of the film. The broadband nature of the experiment allowed the frequency of the modes to be measured as a function of field. Results from a single permalloy layer showed two observable modes, the fundamental and the first exchange mode. Measurements were also taken of bilayer films where permalloy is coupled to cobalt. In this system the effect of the cobalt is seen to shift the single layer Py mode frequencies, as well as introduce new modes. The relative intensities of the modes also change with the addition of cobalt. Results are shown for a Pt/Co multilayer coupled to a permalloy layer through a Cu spacer of varying thickness. The observation of excitations through the thickness of the film motivated the development of a suitable theory. A system of integro-differential equations were derived which account for dipole and exchange coupling in the film as well as the field screening by the metal of the coplanar line. The conductivity of the sample and the finite wavevector excitation of the stripline are also included. Numerical solution of the equations results in a spectrum of acoustical, optical and higher-order modes. Fitting of the model to the experimental results allowed extraction of the film parameters including; the exchange constants in the film; the surface pinning from any surface layer anisotropy; as well as the interlayer exchange coupling across the interface.
34
Thomas, Andrew Charles. "Relationships between near-surface plankton distributions, hydrography, and satellite measured sea surface thermal patterns." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In-situ measurements of surface chlorophyll and zooplankton concentration are compared with in-situ hydrographic measurements and infrared satellite images of the west coast of British Columbia. Their relationships are quantified for a mid-summer and an early winter study period. Winter in-situ hydrographic data showed the shelf to be dominated by Vancouver Island Coastal Current water near-shore, Davidson Current water over the middle shelf, a frontal zone separating these regimes, and North Pacific water over the shelf break. The summer shelf was dominated by topographically induced upwelling in the southern portion of the shelf and stratified regions over the outer shelf and shallow banks further north. Strong northwest winds late in the summer study period induced upwelling along the entire shelf. The surface thermal signature of each of these regimes was identifiable in the satellite imagery.
Maximum winter concentrations of chlorophyll and zooplankton were associated with Vancouver Island Coastal Current water and southern portions of the frontal zone. Davidson Current water consistently had the lowest chlorophyll concentrations in the winter study area. Zooplankton concentrations decreased with increasing temperature and distance from shore. The correlation of loge transformed zooplankton concentrations with surface temperature allowed the satellite imagery to explain 49% of the sampled variance. The association of specific chlorophyll concentrations with each hydrographic regime enabled the satellite imagery, in conjunction with an image derived salinity model, to explain 55% of the sampled variance. Image derived plankton models allowed a spatial representation of predicted plankton concentration and the model error.
Summer zooplankton concentrations were not consistently related to satellite measured surface temperature but showed a qualitative association with higher chlorophyll concentrations around the outer edge of the upwelling area. Minimum chlorophyll concentrations were found in warm, stratified surface water and intermediate concentrations in the coldest, most recently upwelled water. Maximum concentrations occurred at intermediate temperatures. A least squares fit non-linear equation showed the satellite measured surface temperature patterns explained 72% of the sampled loge transformed chlorophyll variance. Distributions of both zooplankton and chlorophyll concentration retained their association with patterns of sea surface temperature during a wind driven upwelling event.
Multivariate cluster analysis of zooplankton taxonomic groups during both winter and summer showed spatial patterns of community composition matched satellite measured patterns of sea surface temperature over the middle and inner shelf. Over the outer shelf, spatial patterns of community structure appeared more closely associated with depth than surface thermal patterns.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
35
Sidorova, Nadja. "Surface measures on paths in an embedded Riemannian manifold." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968873871.
Повний текст джерела
36
Balagafsheh, Pouya Mehdipour. "On the number of SRB measures for Surface Endomorphisms." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-30092014-101422/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Let f be a C2 local diffeomorphism, of a closed surface M without zero Lyapunov exponents. We have proved that the number of ergodic hyperbolic measures of f with SRB property is less than equal to the number of homoclinic equivalence classes. We use an adaptation of Katok closing lemma for endomorphisms and prove ergodic criterion, introduced in [HHTU], for endomorphisms. We also prove some folklore results on uniqueness of SRB measures, in the presence of topological transitivitySeja f um endomorfismo C2 non-singular (difeomorfismo local), de uma superfície fechada M e µ uma medida probabilidade Borel f-invariante e ergódica com expoentes de Lyapunov Não nulo. Nós provamos que o número de medidas hiperbólicas com propriedade SRB é para f so menor ou igual ao número de classes equivalentes homoclínicos. Usamos uma adaptaão do closing lema de Katok por endomorfismos e provamos critrio ergódico, introduzido em [HHTU], para endomorfismos. Também provamos alguns resultados folclóricos em unicidade de medidas SRB, na presena de transitividade topológica vii
37
Adderley, Christopher David. "The effect of preferential view direction on measured urban surface temperature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to determine the complete surface temperature T0,C of an urban system and quantify the bias of sensors with preferential views (satellite, hemispherical) on sensed urban surface temperature. A thermal camera emplaced on a tower in a street canyon in Vancouver, Canada recorded panoramas of surface temperature. Techniques from micrometeorology, and computer vision/graphics were combined to project this data onto a 3D model of the urban structure surrounding the tower, which was derived from photogrammetry and airborne LiDaR data, then correct sensed brightness temperatures for atmospheric and emissivity effects. Facets of the 3D model not seen from the tower were gap filled statistically with data from other areas. Roofs were the warmest in the daytime and coolest at night, while the ground followed an opposite trend. Wall surface temperatures fell in-between with variation dependent on orientation and material. T0,C followed the trends in Voogt & Oke (1997), lower than roof and ground surface temperatures but higher than wall surface temperatures during the daytime, with an opposite trend at night.
A narrow field of view sensor and a hemispherical radiometer were simulated at varying locations in and above the canyon. Recovered simulated brightness temperatures showed that T0,C was exceeded during the daytime by simulated at-nadir brightness temperatures TB,nad by up to 2.2 K and undervalued by up to 1.6 K at night due to emissivity and anisotropic effects (-0.7 K and +2.9 K respectively). This difference is due to anisotropic effects which were up to 3.5 K for this urban structure, following street canyon orientation.
Simulations of radiometers with hemispherical views showed that the horizontal placement of a radiometer measuring L↑ in and above a street canyon causes the recovered flux to vary by up to 120 W m-2. Horizontal variation was reduced when the radiometer is placed at sufficient height above the ground surface (5 times building height), where simulated L↑ measurements converge to a single value. Surface temperatures determined from L↑ are in approximate agreement with T0,C but showed an RMSE of 1.8 K which is larger than the RMSE between T0,C and TB,nad (1.4 K).
38
Saunders, Robert Alun. "Molecular surface area measures of polarity and hydrogen bonding for QSAR." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55146/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modifications were made to the traditional PSA descriptor by decoupling it into its H-bond acidic and basic components. The PSA based descriptors were also scaled according to the known hydrogen bonding characteristics of common functional groups to make them more realistic measures of a molecules hydrogen bonding capacity. Three other surface area descriptors total surface area, total halogen atom surface area and total aromatic carbon surface area were also defined. Various routes to the calculation of these descriptors were explored and it was concluded the best descriptors were those obtained from a single structure generated using the semi empirical-method AMI. It was also shown that descriptors obtained from a vdw surface were more suitable than those obtained from solvent accessible surface area. The scaled PSA descriptors were initially tested against octanol-water, chloroform-water, and cyclohexane-water partition coefficients of 110 organic and drug-like molecules. All of the models produced were seen to be statistically accurate and followed known characteristics of the partition coefficients considered. The scaled PSA descriptors were then applied successfully to a number of important biological processes such as cellular uptake and intestinal absorption models were also produced for important industrial processes such as Fluorophilicity and CMC. The surface area descriptors were also seen to be equally capable of modelling inorganic molecules and excellent models were produced for octanol-water and chloroform-water partitions for a number of platinum containing drugs.
39
De, Laplante Neil Edward James. "A framework for comparing geomechanical models of InSAR-measured surface deformation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-137).
High-quality Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) surface deformation data for field sites around the world has become widely available over the past decade. Geomechanical models based on InSAR data occur frequently in the literature but few methods of systematically optimizing or comparing them are presented. This work discusses parameterization errors for simplified models of strike-slip, normal, thrust and reservoir-style faulting with the aim of identifying tests or characteristics that can differentiate between error types uniquely. Fault dip errors, slip errors and depth errors are modelled using a simple homogeneous elastic half-space earth model. Simple difference maps prove to be a powerful tool for identifying error types and parameter sensitivity, with gradient maps and gradient difference maps useful for distinguishing between similar cases. The fault dip proves to be more indicative of error resolving capability than the faulting regime; errors on intermediately dipping faults are very difficult to differentiate. More detailed modelling of compound errors, complex geomechanical properties and noisy data is proposed. The use of the tests as the starting point for an artificially intelligent modelling package is briefly discussed.
by Neil Edward James de Laplante.
S.M.
40
Peters, Ashton. "Digital Image Elasto-Tomography: Mechanical Property Reconstruction from Surface Measured Displacement Data." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interest in elastographic techniques for soft tissue imaging has grown as relevant research continues to indicate a correlation between tissue histology and mechanical stiffness. Digital Image Elasto-Tomography (DIET) presents a novel method for identifying cancerous lesions via a three-dimensional image of elastic properties. Stiffness reconstruction with DIET takes steady-state motion captured with a digital camera array as the input to an elastic property reconstruction algorithm, where finite element methods allow simulation of phantom motion at a range of internal stiffness distributions. The low cost and high image contrast achievable with a DIET system may be particularly suited to breast cancer screening, where traditional modalities such as mammography have issues with limited sensitivity and patient discomfort. Proof of concept studies performed on simulated data sets confirmed the potential of the DIET technique, leading to the development of an experimental apparatus for surface motion capture from a range of soft tissue approximating phantoms. Error studies performed on experimental data from these phantoms using a limited number of shape and modulus parameters indicated that accurate measurements of surface motion provide sufficient information to identify a stiffness distribution in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases. The elastic reconstruction performed on simulated and experimental data considered both deterministic and stochastic algorithms, with a combination of the two approaches found to give the most accurate results, for a realistic increase in computational cost. The reconstruction algorithm developed has the ability to successfully resolve a hard spherical inclusion within a soft phantom, and in addition demonstrated promise in reconstructing the correct stiffness distribution when no inclusion is present.
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Vatland, Janice A. (Janice Audrey). "A study of sea surface temperatures measured with leather and canvas buckets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11061.
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Long, Zachary Ryan. "A near-surface geophysical investigation of the effects of measured and repeated removal of overlying soil on instrument response." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A geophysical survey presents many challenges. A scientist must be able to not
only understand the theory and nature of the geophysics being applied but must also be
able to identify features of interest in a dataset. It is also of extreme importance to be
able to determine where, in the subsurface, the features identified in the data occur.
This research is designed in an attempt to identify the locations of subsurface
heterogeneities that affect geophysical instrument response. An experiment was
conducted in which topography, magnetics, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and
electromagnetic induction (EM) data were collected over a defined survey line. An
excavator with a modified flat-bladed bucket was used to remove, or skim, a 5 to 10 cm
thick layer of material from the survey line. Upon removal of the material, datasets from
the above mentioned instruments were again collected along the same survey line. This
process was repeated for 10 skims, resulting in a total of 11 sets of data for each
instrument.
Having collected data with various instruments in the same location as material
was progressively removed allowed for an empirical study with the goal of noting how the response of each instrument changed with respect to the removal of material. By
observing how the anomalies changed in the data from one skim to the next, a better
understanding of the location of the causative heterogeneities could be had.
Data for each instrument was compared to the equivalent data collected from
each subsequent skim to determine how similar or different the data appeared as the
depth of the trench increased. The experiment also sought to determine if the
topographic variations, or roughness, along the survey line had any impact of the
geophysical signals. The data collected from each instrument were compared to the
topographic roughness of the survey line for the corresponding skim.
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Jameson, David Edwin. "The occurrence and properties of intraformational weak horizons in the coal measures of Northern England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283941.
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Guo, Xi. "Implementation of one surface fitting algorithm for randomly scattered scanning data." Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1171992449.
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Chiek, Veasna. "Geodesic on surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of the thesis is to study geodesics on surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature. The first three sections of the thesis is dedicated to the definitions and theorems necessary to study surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature. The fourth section contains examples of geodesics on these types of surfaces and discusses their properties. The thesis incorporates the use of Maple, a mathematics software package, in some of its calculations and graphs. The thesis' conclusion is that the Gaussian curvature is a surface invariant and the geodesics of these surfaces will be the so-called best paths.
46
Nobis, Vera Verfasser], Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wittich, and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Führ. "Surface measures on path spaces of riemannian manifolds / Vera Nobis ; Olaf Wittich, Hartmut Führ." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/121586566X/34.
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47
Jin, Menglin. "Interpolation of surface radiative temperature measured from polar orbiting satellites to a diurnal cycle." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The land surface skin temperature diurnal cycle (LSTD) is very important for the understanding of surface climate and for evaluating climate models. This variable, however, cannot be obtained globally from polar-orbiting satellites because the satellites usually pass a given area twice per day and because their infrared channels cannot observe the surface when the sky is cloudy. In order to more optimally use the satellite data, this research is designed, for the first time, to solve the above two problems by advance use of remote sensing techniques and climate modeling. Specifically, this work is divided into two parts. Part one deals with obtaining the skin temperature diurnal cycle for cloud-free cases. We have developed a "cloud-free algorithm" to combine model results with satellite and surface-based observations, thus interpolating satellite twice-daily observations to the diurnal cycle. Part two studies the cloudy cases. The "cloudy-pixel treatment" presented here is a hybrid technique of "neighboring-pixel" and "surface air temperature" approaches. The whole algorithm has been tested against field experiments and climate model CCM3/BATS in global and single column mode simulations. It shows that this proposed algorithm can obtain skin temperature diurnal cycles with an accuracy of 1-2 K at the monthly pixel level.
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Dowidar, Helmy A. M. "The geometrical interaction of the stylus and the measured surface in 3D roughness measurements." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4058/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The target of this work is to study the effect of the stylus tip geometry on the surface roughness measurements by the stylus methods. A computer simulation of the measuring process in 3D using arbitrary tip shapes has been undertaken. A novel feature of this simulation is that it determines and reports the contact distribution of the contact points on the stylus when scanning each surface. Following analysis of fully simulated data to establish the fidelity of the simulation process, it was applied to data set from real surfaces. First these were examined using ideal (sometimes truncated) pyramid, conical and spherical tips. Then tip shapes determined from the measurement of real styli were used. Relatively large tips (of the order of 10 μm) were used in order to ease the need for measurement resolution. The simulation results were evaluated against real measurements of the surfaces. A bespoke measuring system was developed for this, adding X-Y scanning and a means of interchanging styli while maintaining micrometer lateral positioning between measurements. The shape of each stylus tip has been determined using a technique based on the replication by indentation into a soft substrate (typically lead). The roughness values of the real surfaces when scanned (theoretically) by the real tips have been compared to the roughness values of the same surfaces when measured by the measuring system with different tips. This comparison has shown a good compliance of both the theoretical and the practical results. This provides a degree of confidence for interpreting details of the simulation as having practical relevance. Both computer simulation and real measurements confirm the trends that would be expected from earlier studies. For example, amplitude parameters tend to drop in value as stylus size increases. The distribution of stylus contacts in simulation suggests that it is rarely to be found near the nominal centre of the tip. It is also clearly demonstrated that real worn tips do not necessary act as if blunt, contacts concentration in small regions when local features dominate. These results have significant implementations for the uncertainty in topographic measurements.
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Beckwith, James Alexander. "Constant- and frequency-dependent seismic quality factors measured from surface and borehole seismic surveys." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17147/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, I have introduced and presented a new time-frequency distribution, termed the Signal-Dependent Distribution (SDD), which can by-pass the Gabor Uncertainty Principle, with a trade-off instead between joint time-frequency transform and suppression of transform artefacts. In two different synthetic seismic data sets, the SDD provided estimates of attenuation in closer agreement to the input attenuation than those from a fixed- (short-time-Fourier-transform) and a variable-window (Stockwell transform) time-frequency transform. The SDD also provided spectral ratio surfaces from a pre-stack gathers, using the pre-stack Q inversion (PSQI) method, more consistent with a frequency-independent attenuation model than the fixed- and variable-window transforms. Frequency-dependent Q can be estimated in the PSQI method if the seismic attenuation quality factor, Q, is assumed to follow a powerlaw frequency-dependence, Q=af^b. Utilising the SDD to form spectra, the modified PSQI method found a frequency exponent, b, of only 0.074±0.001 (median 0.06) for the Kinnoull field in the North Sea, implying that an approximation of frequency-independent Q is valid for the Kinnoull dataset. Higher b values were found to coincide with sudden, localised, drops in centroid frequency beneath amplitude anomalies: they were inferred not to be due to a genuine frequencydependence of Q, but to interference on the spectral ratio surface. The SDD was then used to estimate spectra in the PSQI method applied to: the Kinnoull pre-stack surface seismic dataset; a spectral ratio method applied to a stacked surface seismic survey; and VSP data for well 16/23-7. The three sets of attenuation estimates were compared to each other, and also to average energy and average centroid frequency maps derived from the stacked seismic dataset. Only the attenuation values estimated from the stacked seismic data and the VSP data correlated well with each other (median 1000/Q of 9.2±0.1 and 10.4±2.0 respectively). 1/Q attenuation maps from stacked and pre-stack seismic data did not correlate coherently with the centroid frequency or energy maps, nor did the pre-stack attenuation values correlate with the VSP data. This inconsistency remains unexplained. This method of estimating frequency-dependent seismic attenuation quality factor was then applied to 6 VSP datasets located in the Barents Sea. Although the formation-averaged frequency exponent b varied between -0.1 and 0.2, the median value was 0.02, again supporting an assumption of frequency-independent attenuation within the seismic bandwidth. Using coincident well logs, statistically significant correlations were found between intrinsic attenuation and bulk, shear, and Young’s moduli, and Poisson’s ratio. In contrast, no robust relationship was found between petrophysical parameters and attenuation in the seismic bandwidth. However, a squirt flow model fitted to the estimated power-law curves of frequency-dependent 1/Q implied crack aspect of between 1 and 6 x 10^−3, similar to the crack aspect ratio of 0.1-1.0 x 10^−3 expected to be responsible for the majority of squirt flow induced attenuation.
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Nobis, Vera [Verfasser], Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittich, and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Führ. "Surface measures on path spaces of riemannian manifolds / Vera Nobis ; Olaf Wittich, Hartmut Führ." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/121586566X/34.
Повний текст джерела