Дисертації з теми "Surface elevations"
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Hobbs, Kenneth Frank. "The visualisation and rendering of digital elevation data." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3592/.
Повний текст джерелаOlsson, Magnus, and Erika Granström. "Optimal control of wave energy buoy by predicting surface elevation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297762.
Повний текст джерелаWright, Samantha C. "Understanding the mechanisms behind surface elevation loss in ditched marshes." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12682.
Повний текст джерелаLoss of surface elevation makes salt marshes more susceptible to impacts from accelerated sea level rise, such as vegetation drowning, die-off, and conversion of marsh to open water. The ultimate degradation of the salt marsh system is disastrous with ramifications ranging from loss of critical habitat to loss of an important buffer for coastal communities from storm surges. Effectively, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving surface elevation loss in anthropogenically altered and degraded marshes is key to engineering successful marsh restoration projects, in an effort to reverse this trend. This study aims to achieve that goal in an area of a northern Massachusetts salt marsh with high man-made ditch density, through comparison of the hydrologic, sedimentary, and vegetative conditions to a non-ditched, reference portion of salt marsh. It was hypothesized that a decrease in subsurface hydroperiod through increased drainage, characteristic of areas of high ditch density, would allow for increased oxygen diffusion into the subsurface causing belowground decomposition rates to increase. This ultimately would lead to a reduction in organic matter, and without compensation from an inorganic sediment supply, marsh subsidence would occur. Water table levels, belowground biomass, bulk density data, and percent organic content data all supported this hypothesis, but direct analysis of the belowground litterbag component of this study did not demonstrate significant differences in decomposition rates between the ditched and non-ditched sites. Further study of belowground conditions, resulted in a live root turnover rate about twenty percent slower in the ditched marsh than in the non-ditched marsh. This suggests that turnover rates, not decomposition rates, may ultimately be the mechanism behind surface elevation loss in ditched marshes.
Nguyen, Van sinh. "3 D Modeling of elevation surfaces from voxel structured point clouds extracted from seismic cubes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4069/document.
Повний текст джерелаReconstructing surfaces with data coming from an automatic acquisition technique always entails the problem of mass of data. This implies that the usual processes cannot be applied directly. Therefore, it leads to a mandatory data reduction process. An effective algorithm for a rapid processing while keeping the original model is a valuable tool for constructing an optimal surface and managing the complex data.In this dissertation, we present methods for building an optimal geological surface from a huge amount of 3D points extracted from seismic cubes. Applying the process to the whole set of points induces an important risk of surface shrinking so that the initial boundary extraction is an important step permitting a simplification inside the surface. The global surface shape will then be better kept for the reconstruction of the final triangular surface. Our proposals are based on the regularity of data which permits, even if data are missing, to easily obtain the neighboring information. Firstly, we present a new method to extract and simplify the boundary of an elevation surface given as voxels in a large 3D volume having the characteristics to be sparse. Secondly, a method for simplifying the surface inside its boundary is presented with a rough optional simplification step followed by a finer one based on curvatures. We also keep into consideration that the density of data must gradually change in order to receive in the last step a triangulated surface with better triangles. Thirdly, we have proposed a new and fast method for triangulating the surface after simplification
Adams, Ralph S. "Evapotranspiration and surface conductance for a high elevation, grass covered forest clearcut." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28882.
Повний текст джерелаLand and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
Foy, Norah. "Changes in surface elevation and extent of the Kaskawulsh Glacier, Yukon Territory." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28408.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Benjamin. "Effect of precipitation and winds on sea surface elevation and storm surges." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29413.
Повний текст джерелаRogers, Kerrylee. "Mangrove and saltmarsh surface elevation dynamics in relation to environmental variables in Southeastern Australia." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050816.145618/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаCandela, Salvatore G. "Greenland Ice Sheet Changes in Rates of Surface Elevation Change between 1978 and 2015." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543498988161871.
Повний текст джерелаFavey, Etienne. "Investigation and improvement of airborne laser scanning technique for monitoring surface elevation changes of glaciers /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14045.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Jianjun. "Modelling surface solar energy by use of landsat thematic mapper data and digital elevation models." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336667.
Повний текст джерелаMiller, Matthew Lowell. "Analysis of Viewshed Accuracy with Variable Resolution LIDAR Digital Surface Models and Photogrammetrically-Derived Digital Elevation Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35692.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Li, Peng. "A vehicle-based laser system for generating high-resolution digital elevation models." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3890.
Повний текст джерелаLorentzon, Mattis, and Tobias Andersson. "Road Surface Modeling using Stereo Vision." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78455.
Повний текст джерелаReynolds, James Robb. "Using digital elevation models to measure the surface and volumetric change of Athabasca Glacier, Canada, 1919-1979." Waterloo, Ontario : Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/wlu/fullcit?pMM11455.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (l.174-182). Issued also online via the World Wide Web; files in PDF format available to WLU users. Available in microfiche format.
Duncan, Kyle. "Reconstructing surface elevation changes for the Greenland Ice Sheet (1993-2013) and analysis of Zachariae Isstrom, northeast Greenland." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600748.
Повний текст джерелаPrevious studies investigating the velocity and elevation change records of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) revealed rapid and complex changes. It is therefore imperative to determine changes with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. By fusing multiple laser altimetry data sets, the Surface Elevation Reconstruction and Change (SERAC) program is capable of reconstructing surface elevation changes with high spatial and temporal resolution over the entire GrIS. The input data include observations from NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission (2003-2009) as well as data collected by NASA’s Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) (1993-2013) and Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) (2007-2012) airborne laser altimetry systems. This study extends the record of surface elevation changes over the GrIS by adding 2012 and 2013 laser altimetry data to the previous 1993-2011 record. Extending the record leads to a new, more accurate and detailed altimetry record for 1993-2013.
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are fused with laser altimetry data over Zachariæ Isstrøm, northeast Greenland to analyze surface elevation changes and associated thinning rates during 1978-2014. Little to no elevation change occurred over Zachariæ Isstrøm from 1978-1999, however, from 1999-2014 elevation changes near the calving front became increasingly negative and accelerated. Calving front position showed steady retreat and grounding line position has been retreating towards the interior of the ice sheet at an increasing rate from 2010-2014 when compared to the 1996-2010 period. The measured elevation changes near the calving front have brought a large portion of the glacier close to the height of flotation. If the current thinning trend continues this portion of the glacier will reach flotation within the next 2-5 years allowing for further retreat and increased vulnerability to retreat for sections of the glacier further upstream.
HURD, JOHN K. JR. "A GIS MODEL TO ESTIMATE SNOW DEPTH USING DIFFERENTIAL GPS AND HIGH-RESOLUTION DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1177640172.
Повний текст джерелаPreston, Olivia. "2D Effects of Geomorphology and Discharge on Hyporheic Exchange—a HEC-RAS Modelling Study." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284150.
Повний текст джерелаDenna uppsats handlar om hur ett vattendrags geomorfologi (form och geologi) och vattenföring påverkar hyporheiskt utbyte. Hyporheiskt utbyte är en process där ytvat- ten tränger igenom vattendragets botten, flödar i den så kallade hyporheiska zonen och blandas med grundvatten för att sedan återvända till vattendraget. Det är en vik- tig funktion på grund av dess påverkan på ekologi och biogeokemiska reaktioner, exempelvis genom syresättning av botten. Hyporheiskt utbyte påverkas bland annat av variationer i vattnets energinivå (hydrau- lisk tryckhöjd) vid bottnen. Den hydrauliska tryckhöjden varierar med vattenytans höjd, som är summan av bottnens topografi och vattnets djup. Målet med studien var att undersöka vattenföringens påverkan på hydrostatiskt, hyporheiskt utbyte i två vattendrag med olika geomorfologiska egenskaper. Endimensionella (1D) approx- imationer av hydraulisk tryckhöjd används ibland vid modellering av hyporheiskt utbyte. Därför var ytterligare ett mål att utvärdera flera endimensionella (1D) ap- proximationer av hydraulisk tryckhöjd vid botten, för att på så sätt undersöka om tvådimensionell (2D) modellering tillför mer information. För att uppnå målen genomfördes fältstudier vid två vattendrag i Uppland, vid vilka topografimätningar och spårämnesförsök gjordes. Dessa lade grunden för uppbygg- nad av 2D-modeller över vattendragen i modelleringsverktyget HEC-RAS. Model- lerna kalibrerades mot uppmätta djupdata och användes sedan för simulering av ett antal olika vattenföringar. Longitudinella profiler placerades i mitten samt till vänster respektive höger om mitten i vattendragen. Längs dessa profiler, för de olika vatten- föringarna, erhölls vattenytans höjd, som blev indata till en spektral modell. Utifrån topografi och vattenytans höjd längs en profil beskriver den spektrala modellen hur den hydrauliska trycknivån varierar med hjälp av en Fourier-serie. Den spektrala modellen beräknar det hyporheiska utbytets medelhastighet W , vil- ken är ett mått på hur stor volym vatten som genomtränger bottenarea per tid. Re- sultaten visar att för vattendraget med mest komplex geomorfologi minskar W med ökande vattenföring, och W varierar också mellan de olika longitudinella profilerna. För det andra vattendraget, som har en enklare geomorfologi, syns inga betydande skillnader, varken mellan olika vattenföringar eller profiler. Därutöver är W mind- re för vattendraget med enklare geomorfologi jämfört med vattendraget med kom- plex geomorfologi. Resultaten antyder därmed att 1D-approximationer av hydraulisk tryckhöjd vid bottnen är tillräckliga för vattendrag med enkel geomorfologi, medan 2D-modellering tillför information för ett vattendrag med komplex geomorfologi.
Jungner, Måns. "Healing of endosseous implants with different surface characteristics in grafted and non-grafted bone : clinical and experimental studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85884.
Повний текст джерелаReiners, Peter W., Huiping Zhang, Michael E. Oskin, Jing Liu-Zeng, Peizhen Zhang, and Ping Xiao. "Pulsed exhumation of interior eastern Tibet: Implications for relief generation mechanisms and the origin of high-elevation planation surfaces." ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621300.
Повний текст джерелаSuchrow, Sigrid [Verfasser], and Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Jensen. "Modelling Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Surface Elevation and Vegetation in German North Sea Salt Marshes / Sigrid Suchrow. Betreuer: Kai Jensen." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065805349/34.
Повний текст джерелаMuncy, Tyler J. "Topographic and Surface Roughness Influences on Tornadogenesis and Decay." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1628513174226383.
Повний текст джерелаSharma, Subedi Abhijit. "Quantification of the Effect of Bridge Pier Encasement on Headwater Elevation Using HEC-RAS." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1502982013572665.
Повний текст джерелаSzucs, Kimberly A. "Capturing Three-Dimensional Clavicle Kinematics During Arm Elevation: Describing the Contribution of Clavicle Motion and Associated Scapulothoracic Muscle Activation to Total Shoulder Complex Motion." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275406915.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Mashat, Mariam. "Diagnosis of acute coronary occlusion using computed electrocardiographic imaging based on the 12-lead electrocardiogram, in comparison with ST- elevation myocardial infarction criteria." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23526.
Повний текст джерелаMcGinnis, Nathaniel L. "Topography and Land-Cover Effects on Tornado Intensity using Rapid-Scan Mobile Radar Observations and Geographic Information Systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1471459517.
Повний текст джерелаLopez, Ronaldo. "A Study of Sediment Accretion Dynamics in Mature and Restored Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands in the James River Watershed using Surface Elevation Tables and Marker Horizons." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5008.
Повний текст джерелаBlomdahl, Klara. "Changes in the Cold Surface Layer on a Polythermal Glacier during Substantial Ice Mass Loss." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-251362.
Повний текст джерелаKlimatförändringar i Arktis och subarktis har orsakat stora förändringar i kryosfären. Ett varmare klimat orsakar en minskning av glaciärers storlek och omfattning och nettomassbalansen för Arktiska glaciärer har varit negativ under de senaste 40 åren. Relativt få studier har genomförts angående utvecklingen av den termiska fördelningen i glaciärer under omfattande volymförändringar. Det finns en möjlig diversitet i hur den termiska strukturen kan ändras med ett förändrat klimat. Storglaciären förlorar det kalla ytskiktet i ablationsområdet och blir successivt mer tempererad, medan Kårsaglaciären förlorar zonen med tempererad is i ablationsområdet och blir därmed kallare. Syftet med den här studien har varit att öka förståelsen för den termiska reaktionen hos polytermala glaciärer till ett förändrat klimat. Resultaten från Pårteglaciären i norra Sverige visar en volymreducering med 18% under de senaste 15 åren med en förväntad minskning på 35% av den nuvarande storleken under det kommande århundradet. Som en följd av det rådande klimatet och den reducerade volymen genomgår det kalla ytskiktet på Pårteglaciären en förtunning med en genomsnittlig hastighet av 1.13 m a-1. Volymförändringarna och förändringarna i kalla ytskiktet är i samma storleksordning, vilket tyder på att CTS anpassas relativt snabbt till de nuvarande förändringarna. Förutsatt en klimatisk effekt liknande den som observerats på Storglaciären, kan slutsatsen dras att förtunningen har påverkat den termiska regimen. Men i motsats till Kårsaglaciären har den termiska fördelningen på Pårteglaciären blivit mer tempererad som ett resultat av den omfattande massförlusten.
Rudolfsson, Anton. "Jämförelse mellan 60 % och 80 % övertäckning vid matchning av flygbilder : För framställning av ytmodell." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24637.
Повний текст джерелаOzer, Ceren. "Investigation Of Hydrodynamic Demands Of Tsunamis In Inundation Zone." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608182/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMeyer, Christian Lennart [Verfasser], and Geisler [Akademischer Betreuer] Geisler. "Platelet survival is associated with platelet surface expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 and left ventricular functional recovery after ST-elevation myocardial infarction / Christian Lennart Meyer ; Betreuer: Geisler Geisler." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197611045/34.
Повний текст джерелаOzer, Ceren. "Tsunami Hydrodynamics In Coastal Zones." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614343/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаhydrodynamic demand&rdquo
that is also defined by the square of Froude Number representing the damage of tsunami waves on structures and coastlines, and other hydrodynamic parameters, i.e., the distribution of instantaneous flow depths, runup values and the direction of maximum currents, occurred during tsunami inundation by using advanced numerical modeling. The analyses are performed on regular-shaped basins with different bottom slopes and real-shaped topographies using different wave shapes, wave periods and types. Various orientation and amount of coastal and land structures are used in simulations to have results for many different cases. This study provides the opportunity to define the damage of level in residential areas and to test the performance of coastal protection structures. The behavior of tsunami hydrodynamic parameters in shallow and inundation zone is investigated and a correlation is obtained between the average maximum values of square of Froude Number with the wave characteristics and sea bottom slope. After determining hydrodynamic parameters in regular shaped basins, a case study is applied by modeling the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami with finer resolution in nested domains. The determination of hydrodynamic parameters in inundation zone during 2011 Japan event is performed in one of the most damaged coastal city Kamaishi.
Sakib, Salman. "Design Optimization and Field Performance Evaluation of the Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) System| Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling, Surface Elevation Table (SET) Survey, and Marker Clay Study." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10618338.
Повний текст джерелаCoastal erosion is an issue of concern for Louisiana, in the United States, and for all other coastal communities in the world. Among many coastal protection and restoration technologies, shoreline protection structures focus on wave reductions to prevent waves from hitting the coastal landforms directly. A novel technology called the Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system focuses on solving the limitations of conventional shoreline protection structures regarding mobility, constructability, and sustainability. The primary goals of this study are to optimize the WSSC units for wave reduction and sediment transport and to verify the performance of this technology in an actual field environment. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to optimize the designs of the units in terms of pipe diameters and face slope. Results have indicated that increasing pipe diameters decreases wave reduction and increases sediment transport ability of the units. Further, it was found that increasing the face slope decreases the wave reduction ability; however, no effect was found on the sediment transport efficiency. Parametric optimization suggested that a porosity (open-to-total area ratio) of 30% should yield satisfactory wave reduction and balanced sediment transport by the units. For better output from the units, the designs should be modified according to site-specific requirements. Field site investigations involved Surface Elevation Table (SET) surveying and marker clay experiments. SET surveys showed significant sediment accumulation over eleven months behind the units. Also, no significant change was observed at the control site over three months, which proves the effectiveness of the technology in stopping erosion and facilitating land building. Marker clay experiments validated the SET measurements and proved that there was a significant amount of sediment deposition over the white Feldspar clay layer over six months. This strengthens the conclusion that the WSSC units can be used successfully in a Louisiana marsh environment to battle coastal erosion and land loss.
Bonnaventure, Philip P. "High-resolution Permafrost Distribution Modelling for the Central and Southern Yukon, and Northwestern British Columbia, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19899.
Повний текст джерелаGöbell, Sibylle. "Determination of sea ice surface elevation with laser and radar altimetry and comparison with ice thickness data sets in the Arctic and Antarctic = Bestimmung der Oberflächenhöhe von Meereis mit Laser- und Radaraltimetrie und Vergleich mit Eisdickendatensätzen in der Arktis und Antarktis /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2008365359.html.
Повний текст джерелаFoster, Lesley A. "Utilisation of remote sensing for the study of debris-covered glaciers : development and testing of techniques on Miage Glacier, Italian Alps." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/06d96169-df3b-49f0-b26c-f8f1ccc58e8d.
Повний текст джерелаPanchártek, Jan. "Podklady pro tvorbu mapy pro orientační běh." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226211.
Повний текст джерелаTang, Shih-Tse, and 唐世澤. "Water Surface Elevation Recovery from Wave Pressure Signals." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32610434592276746584.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
土木工程學系
84
In the present study an empirical transfer function between the wave pressure and wave height,which was established by Kuo and Chiu(1994) ,was applied to predict the history signals of the free water surface elevation from the wave pressure beneath the still water level.The Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) method is used to calculate the power spectral and history signals of wave height.The FFT method is compared with LCM method developed by Nielsen(1986) in this paper.It is found that both of FFT method and LCM method are accurately calculated when the pressure gages are locatted near the still water level.However, when the distance between the pressure gage and the still water level is longer,the FFT method with the empirical transfer function is more efficient and accurate than the LCM method. Furtherwore,the present study has decided on the cutoff frequency range,the weak point of the power spectral analisis which was resolved in this paper. Furthermore,the present study used the physical model test to investigate the transfer function between the wave pressure and the wave height in shallow water. By the analysis from the experimental data, we can find the transfer function is concern with the wave frequency and pressure gage locations. In addition ,the transfer functions of each older nonlinear components seem to be the same.
李苾君. "A study of sea surface temperature and sea surface elevation changes around Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98695419902393335732.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Cheng Hsuan, and 鄭玄洋. "Measuring water surface elevation by CCD remote sensing system in laboratory." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99219650634826535875.
Повний текст джерела國立海洋大學
河海工程學系
89
The purpose of this project is to measure and analyze wave field by imaging process in the laboratory. We get the idea from the use of radar and satellite remote control. The images of wave were caught by the infrared CCD remote sensing system. The images were measured in time series. We can measure gray value from the image by using software in order to analyze the relation between gray value and the water surface profile.This experiment aims to find the relation between gray value and wave height. The early stage of this experiment is to research on regular wave. The gray value of image is related to camera position, illuminant feature. First of all, we want to figure out an experimental transfer formula of wave height from the gray value. Second, to measure the variety of gray value with wave height, wave direction, and water depth in further research. If this project is practicable, we can replace the instrument to measure water surface profiles. Last but not least, we hope this method can be applied to practical ocean measurement in further research.
Huang, Kuo-Lung, and 黃國隆. "The Study of the Vision System for the UAV's Surface Elevation Measurement." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53932254609377206281.
Повний текст джерела國防大學理工學院
國防科學研究所
103
The fastest and most economical method of acquiring terrain images is aerial photography. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been investigated for this task. However, UAVs present a range of challenges such as flight altitude maintenance. This paper reports a method that combines skyline detection with a stereo vision algorithm to enable the flight altitude of UAVs to be maintained. A monocular camera is mounted on the downside of the aircraft’s nose to collect continuous ground images, and the relative altitude is obtained via a stereo vision algorithm from the velocity of the UAV. Image detection is used to obtain terrain images, and to measure the relative altitude from the ground to the UAV. The UAV flight system can be set to fly at a fixed and relatively low altitude to obtain the same resolution of ground images. A forward-looking camera is mounted on the upside of the aircraft’s nose. In combination with the skyline detection algorithm, this helps the aircraft to maintain a stable flight pattern. Experimental results show that the proposed system enables UAVs to obtain terrain images at constant resolution, and to detect the relative altitude along the flight path. We use Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 to develop our image detecting system. First, real-time images were transmitted by cameras and video transmitters to ground control station. After the algorithms processed, the detected results were converted to voltage values to control the roll and pitch servo. From the test result, the skyline detection and fixed altitude flight systems processing time from image acquisition to voltage output are around 1 ms and 16 ms. It proves that the vision-based flight control applied to stable and fixed altitude flight is practicable.
Ochotta, Tilo [Verfasser]. "Surface approximation with elevation maps and observations thinning in numerical weather prediction / Tilo Ochotta." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985777494/34.
Повний текст джерелаVan, der Merwe Dirk Jacobus. "Automatic digital surface model generation using graphics processing unit." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4912.
Повний текст джерелаDigital Surface Models (DSM) are widely used in the earth sciences for research, visu- alizations, construction etc. In order to generate a DSM for a speci c area, specialized equipment and personnel are always required which leads to a costly and time consuming exercise. Image processing has become a viable processing technique to generate terrain models since the improvements of hardware provided adequate processing power to complete such a task. Digital Surface Models (DSM) can be generated from stereo imagery, usually obtained from a remote sensing platform. The core component of a DSM generating system is the image matching algorithm. Even though there are a variety of algorithms to date which can generate DSMs, it is a computationally complex calculation and does tend to take some time to complete. In order to achieve faster DSMs, an investigation into an alternative processing platform for the generation of terrain models has been done. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is usually used in the gaming industry to manipulate display data and then render it to a computer screen. The architecture is designed to manipulate large amounts of oating point data. The scientic community has begun using the GPU processing power available for technical computing, hence the term, General Purpose computing on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU). The GPU is investigated as alternative processing platform for the image matching procedure since the processing capability of the GPU is so much higher than the CPU but only for a conditioned set of input data. A matching algorithm, derived from the GC3 algorithm has been implemented on both a CPU platform and a GPU platform in order to investigate the viability of a GPU processing alternative. The algorithm makes use of a Normalized Cross Correlation similarity measurement and the geometry of the image acquisition contained in the sensor model to obtain conjugate point matches in the two source images. The results of the investigation indicated an improvement of up to 70% on the processing time required to generate a DSM. The improvements varied from 70% to some cases where the GPU has taken longer to generate the DSM. The accuracy of the automatic DSM generating system could not be clearly determined since only poor quality reference data was available. It is however shown the DSMs generated using both the CPU and GPU platforms relate to the reference data and correlate to each other. The discrepancies between the CPU and the GPU results are low enough to prove the GPU processing is bene cial with neglible drawbacks in terms of accuracy. The GPU will definitely provide superior processing capabilites for DSM generation above a CPU implementation if a matching algorithm is speci cally designed to cater for the bene ts and limitations of the GPU.
Sangireddy, Harish. "Point cloud classification for water surface identification in Lidar datasets." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3151.
Повний текст джерелаtext
Wesche, Christine [Verfasser]. "Evaluation and application of GPS and altimetry data over central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica : annual elevation change, a digital elevation model, and surface flow velocity / von Christine Wesche." 2009. http://d-nb.info/992945623/34.
Повний текст джерелаChieh-ChangKuo and 郭杰璋. "Numerical Simulation on Green Island Wake Based on Surface Elevation and Flux Variables in Shallow-Water Model." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9yn788.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
105
A shallow-water model (SWM) based on shallow water equations (SWEs) using surface elevation and fluxes (η, qx, qy) as variables (Wang and Connor, 1975) was developed. Theoretical formulation is performed on the basis of the depth-averaged SWEs. Least-squares method with eight-node quadrilateral finite-element for space interpolations and theta-method for time integration are used to develop the SWM. SWM was applied to the case of flow past a flat channel. Numerical results are fairly compared with results obtained by the SWM using surface elevation and depth-averaged velocities (η, u, v) as variables. Numerical results of SWM based on (η, qx, qy) apparently show better accuracy and flux conservation than those based on the variable (η, u, v) of SWM. The SWM is then utilized to study Green Island wakes induced by the Kuroshio. Characteristics of the downstream vortex, such as the aspect ratio and period, are examined and compared with results of obtained by the variable (η, u, v) of SWM in previous study. However we still need to fix the open boundary condition, the water depth is limited only in 10 m and velocity lower than 0.5 m/s, comparing to previous study setting that water depth is 360 m and velocity is 1.0 m/s. Finally we discuss the vortex street in the case of water depth 10 m and flux 5 m2/s.
Ching-Yin, Wang, and 王菁吟. "Environmental Analysis and Design, Building Elevation Surface Parametric, New Taipei City Five Administrative area Old-Apartment as Example." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6n3ypg.
Повний текст джерела淡江大學
建築學系碩士班
101
The main point of research is to simulate the physical environment and climate impact before renewing aged apartments. By using Ecotect to create digital designs of the architecture prototype model, much information will be provided. Given the hourly climate data taken from previous years and the creation of model residential areas in New Taipei City, 林口、五股、八里、新莊、與蘆洲, these five areas can be analyzed on Ecotect. Their materials used for facade , and the orientation in elevation facing, either to the south east, south, or southwest, will all be cross analyzed with the equinox and solstice. Ecotect will also simulate and analyze the facade design and its corresponding result of solar radiation and daylight exposure. The architectural design of the building can be changed accordingly to the response of these variables. Chapter 1: Research orientation and process, hypothesis, issues and topics, extent, contents and expected results. Chapter 2: literature and theory review related research. The physical formulae required and the regulated limitation and consideration of various cases. Chapter 3: architectural development and corresponding variables, and its practical operations and tests. Chapter 4: Building of architectural prototypes and design patterns, and the usage of Ecotect and Radiance on environmental factors. Chapter 5: The focus of prototype design and structure on the direction it faces, the equinox and solstice of year, its building materials, and the facade design in correspondence to solar radiation and daylight exposure. Chapter 6: The conclusion, design results, architectural industrialization, and analysis of possible development.
Cheng, Kun Yuan, and 鄭元. "Temperature elevation on root surface and morphological changes in root canal wall with laser application in root canal therapy." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41964678884516168161.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
牙醫學研究所
82
Lasers have been suggested for endodontic therapy because it had sterilazation effect on root canals and sealing effect on the inal tubules. The main problem is the heat generated by application of laser in the root canal. Will the heat generated by laser hurt the periradicular tissue? The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temperature elevation on root surface and morphological changes in root canal walls when laser was applied on root canal therapy. Results were with appropriate adjustment of the laser energy and power the heat generated by the laser would not destroy the periradicular tissue. By scanning electron microscopy, melting, recrystallization and even cracking of the irradiated canals were found when the energy of the ND:YAG laser was set at 100 mj/pulse and 20-30 pps. When the CO2 laser with the output power set at 4 W or above, melting on the top of the dentinal tubules" orifice at the inner surface of the root canal was found.
Grimm, Ulrike. "Digitale Modellierung des innerstädtischen Paläoreliefs von Leipzig mittels öffentlich zugänglicher Daten der Landesämter." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32277.
Повний текст джерелаIn search of the anthropogenically undisturbed palaeo-surface of the city of Leipzig, the main goals are the reconstruction of the specific natural conditions during the Holocene and a deduction about how the environment has been shaped and structured by humans in this area over the last 1,000 years. In the present doctoral thesis, the possibility to model palaeo-surfaces for the central part of a big city by means of publicly accessible data of the state offices is demonstrated. The topic combines various geographical disciplines with a focus on the interface between Geosciences and Archaeology (often termed Geoarchaeology). For the reconstruction of the earth's surface as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) about 1,000 years ago (DEM 1015) and 11,000 years ago (DEM BASIS) mainly data from the Archaeological Heritage Office Saxony and the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology have been evaluated. The qualitative data are linked by using GIS through surveying techniques. To be able to process the heterogeneous data, working hypotheses are established in advance. According to them, the elevation of the top of a geological drill or archaeological excavation represents the current surface (DEM HEUTE). In addition, the first anthropogenically undisturbed layer of a geological drill or the layer with the oldest settlement trace of an archaeological excavation represents the data basis for the DEM 1015ROH and the DEM 1015, respectively. Furthermore, the basis in transition to Holocene sediments represents the palaeo-relief approximately 11,000 years ago (DEM BASIS). All data are summarized in an overall database. Hence, the data can be analyzed in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Based on the models DEM 1015ROH and DEM HEUTE the data basis and the methodology are evaluated. For this purpose, a comparison between the DEM HEUTE and another recent DEM, which was generated with LiDAR data provided by the State Operation Geobasisinformation and Surveying Saxony (DEM 2), is conducted. Therefore, it is assumed that it is possible to create a DEM 1015 or DEM BASIS, if it is possible to reproduce approximately the DEM 2 with the same data. The Observed vs. Predicted Analysis shows, that between the DEM HEUTE and the DEM 2 a non-data-independent, significant, monotonic relationship exists, which is not random. Consequently, based on the mentioned assumption above, it is possible to use the data and methodology to create a DEM 1015 or DEM BASIS. Furthermore, the multivariate statistic for the data set demonstrated, that the heterogeneity of the data bases in relation to the year of data collection and the type of coordinate determination (xi, yi, zi) had a negligible influence on the deviation between the DEM HEUTE and the DEM 2. Nevertheless, a check and, if necessary, a correction of the original data is necessary. If there are anomalies, the correction of the original data will be adapted to the surroundings by means of representative soil profiles, historical recordings and the DEM 2. After the data basis and methodology are validated the final sub databases DEM 1015 and DEM BASIS are extracted from the overall database. By means of the developed investigation design the comparison between the DEM HEUTE and the DEM 2 can be based on a quantitative evaluation of the data basis and not exclusively to qualitative criteria. Thus, it is also proved quantitatively that the methodology to model the palaeo-surface works very well for the inner city of Leipzig. However, models represent only a limited picture of reality. In principle, there is no unique interpolation result. That´s why, it is mandatory to present different realities of the palaeo-surfaces and their probabilities. Therefore, in addition to geostatistical interpolation methods, deterministic methods are also used. To quantify the results, among other things, a cross validation is performed. On this basis the selection of the most likely interpolation for the final representation takes place. The DGM BASIS and DGM 1015 show the highest possible approximation of the palaeo-surfaces. In general, the present dissertation has succeeded in providing a new, well-founded perspective for the critical discussion of landscape and settlement genesis in the study area. In addition to a detailed mapping of the geomorphological and geological conditions in the center of Leipzig at the time of 1015 and at the beginning of the Holocene, it is possible to determine the differences between the DEMs to quantify changes. In this context, it was also possible to separate natural from anthropogenic processes and to date the changes. On that basis, more detailed statements about the relief between the river valleys of Weiße Elster and Parthe around the year 1015 can now be made. In addition, the palaeo-models allow conclusions on the space-related favorable factors in settlement site selection and design. Finally, there is the possibility to represent the palaeo-surfaces as a visually appealing basis for geoarchaeological questions in public education. Due to its´ nature of being a case study, the topic has a local connection to Leipzig (Saxony). However, the developed investigation design will open new, well-founded, transparent options for the reconstruction of palaeo-reliefs in further study areas.:Bibliografische Daten I Zitat II Danksagung III Zusammenfassung IV Abstract VI Abbildungs- & Tabellenverzeichnis XII Abkürzungsverzeichnis XVIII 1. Einleitung 1 1.1 Fragestellung und Zielführung 1 1.2 Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgebietes 3 1.3 Grundlagen 7 1.3.1 Fachliche Einordnung der Thematik 7 1.3.2 Begriffe und Definitionen 9 1.3.2.1 »Natürlich gewachsener Boden« 9 1.3.2.2 Zeitangaben 9 1.3.2.3 Digitale Erdoberflächenmodelle 12 1.3.2.4 Lage- und Höhenbezugssystem 13 1.3.2.5 Unsicherheiten und Fehler 13 1.4 Forschungsgeschichtlicher Überblick 16 1.5 Ähnliche Forschungen außerhalb Leipzigs 24 2. Stand des Wissens im Untersuchungsgebiet 26 2.1 Naturräumliche Einordnung 26 2.1.1 Klima 29 2.1.2 Geologie 31 2.1.2.1 Leitprofil der Leipziger Tieflandsbucht 31 2.1.2.2 Geologischer Aufbau des Untersuchungsgebietes 34 2.1.3 Boden 36 2.1.4 Vegetation 40 2.1.5 Gewässernetz 41 2.1.5.1 Auengenese der Weißen Elster 43 2.1.5.2 Auengenese der Parthe 47 2.1.5.3 Zusammenfluß der Weißen Elster und Parthe 49 2.2 Siedlungsgeschichtliche Einordnung 50 2.2.1 Allgemeiner Überblick 51 2.2.2 Die im Jahr 1015 erwähnte »urbs Libzi« 56 2.2.3 Die Zwillingssiedlung der »urbs Libzi« 59 2.2.4 Wasserbauliche Einschnitte im Untersuchungsgebiet 63 3. Methodik 67 3.1 Generierung der Datenbasis 71 3.1.1 Formulieren der Arbeitshypothesen 72 3.1.2 Datengrundlagen und deren Aufbereitung 75 3.1.3 Zusammenfassung: Gesamtdatenbank 77 3.2 Zwischenergebnisse »DGM 1015ROH« und »DGM HEUTE« 78 3.2.1 Generierung der Teildatenbanken 78 3.2.2 Interpolation und qualitative Auswertung der Zwischenergebnisse 78 3.2.3 Definition von Teiluntersuchungsgebieten 82 3.3 Evaluation der Methodik 82 3.3.1 Deskriptive Statistik 83 3.3.2 »Observed vs. predicted Analyse« 84 3.3.3 Multivariate Statistik 86 3.3.4 Validation der Methodik 91 3.4 Evaluation der Datengrundlagen und Generierung der finalen Teildatenbanken 92 3.4.1 Evaluation der Datengrundlagen 94 3.4.2 Finale Teildatenbanken »DGM 1015« und »DGM BASIS« 95 3.4.3 Interpolation und qualitative Auswertung der Ergebnisse 95 3.4.4 Validation der Datengrundlage 96 3.5 Geostatistische Auswertung des »DGM 1015« und »DGM BASIS« 96 3.5.1 Objektive Auswahl der Rasterzellengröße 98 3.5.2 Simulation und Analyse der Paläooberflächen 102 3.5.3 Simulation und Analyse der Fließgewässer 104 3.5.4 Evaluation der vorhergesagten Unsicherheiten 105 3.6 Abschließende Interpolation und räumliche Validierung 106 3.6.1 Weitere Interpolationsmöglichkeiten und finale Modelle 106 3.6.2 Flurabstandsberechnungen zwischen den DGM 110 3.6.3 Anstehende geologische Substrate der finalen DGM 111 4. Ergebnisse und Diskussion 114 4.1 Generierung der Datenbasis 114 4.1.1 Arbeitshypothesen 114 4.1.2 Datengrundlagen 114 4.1.2.1 Höhenfestpunkte 114 4.1.2.2 LiDAR Daten 118 4.1.2.3 Historische Archive 120 4.1.2.4 Leitprofile 123 4.1.2.5 Geologische Aufschlüsse 126 4.1.2.6 Archäologische Dokumentationen 131 4.1.3 Zusammenfassung: Gesamtdatenbank 141 4.2 Zwischenergebnisse »DGM 1015ROH« und »DGM HEUTE« 143 4.2.1 Generierung der Teildatenbanken 143 4.2.2 Interpolation und qualitative Auswertung der Zwischenergebnisse 144 4.2.3 Definition von Teiluntersuchungsgebieten 150 4.3. Evaluierung der Methodik 152 4.3.1 Deskriptive Statistik 152 4.3.2 »Observed vs. Predicted Analyse« 154 4.3.3 Multivariate Statistik 157 4.3.4 Validation der Methodik 163 4.4. Evaluierung der Datengrundlagen 166 4.4.1 Evaluation und ggf. Anpassung der Datengrundlagen 168 4.4.1.1 Geologische Aufschlüsse 168 4.4.1.2 Archäologische Dokumentationen 169 4.4.1.3 Fallbeispiel: Teiluntersuchungsgebiet Matthäikirchhof 173 4.4.2 Finale Teildatenbanken »DGM 1015« und »DGM BASIS« 176 4.4.3 Interpolation und qualitative Auswertung der Ergebnisse 179 4.4.4 Validation der Datengrundlage 182 4.5 Geostatistische Auswertung des »DGM 1015« und »DGM BASIS« 184 4.5.1 Objektive Auswahl der Rasterzellengröße 184 4.5.2 Simulation und Analyse der Paläooberflächen 186 4.5.3 Simulation und Analyse der Fließgewässer 193 4.5.4 Evaluation der vorhergesagten Unsicherheiten 197 4.6 Abschließende Interpolation und räumliche Validierung 198 4.6.1 Weitere Interpolationsmöglichkeiten und finale Modelle 199 4.6.2 Flurabstandsberechnungen zwischen den DGM 207 4.6.3 Anstehende geologische Substrate der finalen DGM 210 4.7 Landschafts- und Siedlungsgenetische Interpretation der Paläomodelle 218 5. Synthese und Ausblick 233 6. Literaturverzeichnis 248 7. Anlagen i
Schindler, Malte. "Challenges and perspectives of the North Frisian Halligen Hooge, Langeness and Nordstrandischmoor." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5DDE-5.
Повний текст джерела