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Статті в журналах з теми "Suppression history"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Jauri, Patricia Vaz, Nora Altier, Carlos A. Pérez, and Linda Kinkel. "Cropping History Effects on Pathogen Suppressive and Signaling Dynamics in Streptomyces Communities." Phytobiomes Journal 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-05-17-0024-r.

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Diseases remain a yield-limiting factor for crops despite the availability of control measures for many pathogens. Indigenous soil microorganisms can suppress some plant pathogens, yet there is little systematic information on the effects of cropping systems on disease-suppressive populations in soil. Streptomyces have been associated with suppression of plant diseases in several naturally occurring disease-suppressive soils. Pathogen-suppressive activity of Streptomyces communities is correlated with higher bacterial densities and with inhibitory phenotypes, driven by competition among indigenous soil bacteria. We sought to characterize relationships between cropping practices and pathogen suppression among soil Streptomyces. We evaluated bacterial and Streptomyces densities and inhibitory activities in soils from a long-term crop rotation experiment. Signaling interactions that altered inhibitory phenotypes among sympatric populations were also evaluated for a subset of samples. Soils from longer rotations, which had a higher number of plant species over time, had larger bacterial and Streptomyces densities, and more inhibitors than soils from shorter rotations. In addition, signaling occurred more frequently among isolates from higher-density communities. Our work shows that bacterial density, pathogen suppression and signaling are interrelated and are affected by crop rotation, suggesting the potential for management to optimize suppressive populations.

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2

Anderson, Brian A., and Andy Jeesu Kim. "Selection history-driven signal suppression." Visual Cognition 28, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2020.1727599.

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3

MacInnis, Donald. "From Suppression to Repression." Current History 95, no. 602 (September 1, 1996): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.602.284.

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4

Farmer, Richard. "SUSPENSION OR SUPPRESSION?" Media History 19, no. 2 (May 2013): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2013.798471.

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5

Bokhodirov, Ikhtiyor. "SUPPRESSION OF NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS IN FERGANA REGION BY TURKESTAN MILITARY DISTRCT IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX CENTURY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-09.

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Fergana region had a very high position in the colonial system of the Russian empire in Turkestan. The most population in Turkestan lived in Fergana and the empire got a lot of profit from this region. But the national liberation movement in Fergana region had always been a big problem for the Turkestan colonial administration. The imperial government used the troops of the Turkestan Military District to keep public order and supression the uprisings in the region.

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6

Della Sudda, Magali. "La suppression de l'hebdomadaire dominicain Sept." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire 104, no. 4 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ving.104.0029.

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7

Gaspelin, Nicholas, John Gaspar, and Steven Luck. "Suppression of Attention Capture: The Role of Selection History." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.467.

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8

Garnett, William R. "History of Acid Suppression: Focus on the Hospital Setting." Pharmacotherapy 23, no. 10 Part 2 (October 2003): 56S—60S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.23.13.56s.31932.

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9

Brown, Joel S., Jessica J. Cunningham, and Robert A. Gatenby. "The multiple facets of Peto's paradox: a life-history model for the evolution of cancer suppression." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1673 (July 19, 2015): 20140221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0221.

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Large animals should have higher lifetime probabilities of cancer than small animals because each cell division carries an attendant risk of mutating towards a tumour lineage. However, this is not observed—a (Peto's) paradox that suggests large and/or long-lived species have evolved effective cancer suppression mechanisms. Using the Euler–Lotka population model, we demonstrate the evolutionary value of cancer suppression as determined by the ‘cost’ (decreased fecundity) of suppression verses the ‘cost’ of cancer (reduced survivorship). Body size per se will not select for sufficient cancer suppression to explain the paradox. Rather, cancer suppression should be most extreme when the probability of non-cancer death decreases with age (e.g. alligators), maturation is delayed, fecundity rates are low and fecundity increases with age. Thus, the value of cancer suppression is predicted to be lowest in the vole (short lifespan, high fecundity) and highest in the naked mole rat (long lived with late female sexual maturity). The life history of pre-industrial humans likely selected for quite low levels of cancer suppression. In modern humans that live much longer, this level results in unusually high lifetime cancer risks. The model predicts a lifetime risk of 49% compared with the current empirical value of 43%.

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10

Kaneto, Hideaki, Tomohiko Kimura, Atsushi Obata, Masashi Shimoda, and Kohei Kaku. "Multifaceted Mechanisms of Action of Metformin Which Have Been Unraveled One after Another in the Long History." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052596.

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While there are various kinds of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus at present, in this review article, we focus on metformin which is an insulin sensitizer and is often used as a first-choice drug worldwide. Metformin mainly activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver which leads to suppression of fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Metformin activates AMPK in skeletal muscle as well, which increases translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the cell membrane and thereby increases glucose uptake. Further, metformin suppresses glucagon signaling in the liver by suppressing adenylate cyclase which leads to suppression of gluconeogenesis. In addition, metformin reduces autophagy failure observed in pancreatic β-cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it is known that metformin alters the gut microbiome and facilitates the transport of glucose from the circulation into excrement. It is also known that metformin reduces food intake and lowers body weight by increasing circulating levels of the peptide hormone growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Furthermore, much attention has been drawn to the fact that the frequency of various cancers is lower in subjects taking metformin. Metformin suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) by activating AMPK in pre-neoplastic cells, which leads to suppression of cell growth and an increase in apoptosis in pre-neoplastic cells. It has been shown recently that metformin consumption potentially influences the mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). Taken together, metformin is an old drug, but multifaceted mechanisms of action of metformin have been unraveled one after another in its long history.

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11

O'Brien, G., F. Hassanyeh, A. Leake, K. Schapira, M. White, and I. N. Ferrier. "The Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 5 (May 1988): 654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.5.654.

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In a study of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients with bulimia nervosa, a non-suppression rate of about 50% was found. The only clinical correlates of DST non-suppression were a previous history of weight loss and/or of anorexia nervosa. These results suggest that DST non-suppression in these subjects may be a trait rather than a state marker of anorexia nervosa.

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12

Kuehn, Robert R. "Suppression of Environmental Science." American Journal of Law & Medicine 30, no. 2-3 (June 2004): 333–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880403000210.

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There is a long history of attacks on scientists. During the Inquisition, the Roman Catholic Church charged Galileo with heresy and, after imprisonment and threats of torture, forced him to renounce his theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. In the 1950s, politicians sought to silence scientists that allegedly held political views sympathetic to Communists.In recent years, research results, rather than the scientist's religion or politics, have motivated attacks on scientists. As environmental issues grow in economic significance and as science takes on increasing importance in influencing public opinion and resolving environmental policy debates, suppression of environmental science has become increasingly common. As one author observed, the power of science to legitimate environmental positions by claiming exclusive truth makes ownership of science one of the most contested issues in modern environmentalism.

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13

Di Caro, Valeria, Jan Theeuwes, and Chiara Della Libera. "Suppression history of spatial locations biases attentional and oculomotor control." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.477.

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14

Smith, Kurt A., Martin W. Schoen, and Charles A. Czeisler. "Adaptation of Human Pineal Melatonin Suppression by Recent Photic History." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89, no. 7 (July 2004): 3610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-032100.

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15

Di Caro, Valeria, Jan Theeuwes, and Chiara Della Libera. "Suppression history of distractor location biases attentional and oculomotor control." Visual Cognition 27, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2019.1617376.

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16

Lottie, Adrian J., and Phyllis A. Clemens Noda. "The Suppression of Diversity." Ethnic Studies Review 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2003.26.2.27.

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Is it a systematic strategy or a mutation of millennial ferver that drives the escalating challenges to the civil rights of this nation's racial, linguistic, and national origin minorities? Increasing juridical, legislative, and popular assaults on affirmative action policies coupled with the sometimes less heralded emergence of a de facto U.S. language policy are sweeping through the states. These activities draw on a consistent repertoire of approaches from the invocation of the very language and concepts of the civil rights movement to the isolationist “buzz-words” of early twentieth century advocates of “Americanization.” In an effort to legitimize their efforts this new breed of assailants has lifted the terms “equality of opportunity,” “color blind,” and “merit” directly from the lips of civil rights heroes of the past, retrofitting concepts that resonate from the very core of the civil rights movement into an arsenal of weapons that threaten the extinction of that movement. In that same vein opponents of bilingual education have reached further back into our history dredging up de-contextualized quotations from icons of American history to evoke nostalgia and patriotism and to resuscitate the fear of the dissolution of national unity in the wake of the infusion of diverse languages and cultures. The introductory portion of this article treats the failure of anti-civil rights movements to acknowledge either the rich cultural legacy of people of color or the deeply engrained cultural and political limitations that this nation has imposed on their civil rights. We discuss the re-packaged language of equality and equity used by these movements and their success and attempts at success in reversing the progress of civil rights at the polls and in legislatures across the nation. We next examine the anti-affirmative action and anti-bilingual movements sweeping the U.S. today, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from multiple sources including data from the the 2000 U.S. Census to track current anti-affirmative action and anti-bilingual/English only developments among the states to demonstrate the coexistence of these developments in those areas where people of color are concentrated.

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17

Díaz-Marsá, Marina, José L. Carrasco, Elena Basurte, José I. Pastrana, Jerónimo Sáiz-Ruiz, and Juan J. López-lbor. "Findings with 0.25 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Eating Disorders: Association with Childhood Trauma." CNS Spectrums 12, no. 9 (September 2007): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900021507.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: While both blunted and enhanced cortisol suppression following a dexamethasone suppression test (DST) are described in eating disorders, some evidence suggests that enhanced cortisol suppression might be associated with the presence of trauma history. The objective of this study is to investigate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a modified DST in eating disorders and its relationship with childhood trauma.Methods: Fifty-two patients with eating disorders were studied with a 0.25 mg DST and with measures of childhood trauma.Conclusion: Patients with bulimia symptoms had significantly greater cortisol suppression than controls and restrictive anorexia patients (F=8.2, P<.05). Cortisol suppression was significantly correlated with intensity of childhood traumatic events (F=0.32, P<.05). Hypersensitive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to DST in eating disorders may be related with a history of childhood trauma and suggests some biological similarities with posttraumatic syndromes that should be further explored.

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18

Bhaumik, Suniti, Marzena Łazarczyk, Norwin Kubick, Pavel Klimovich, Agata Gurba, Justyna Paszkiewicz, Patrycja Teodorowicz, et al. "Investigation of the Molecular Evolution of Treg Suppression Mechanisms Indicates a Convergent Origin." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 628–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45010042.

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Regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression of conventional T cells is a central mechanism that ensures immune system homeostasis. The exact time point of Treg emergence is still disputed. Furthermore, the time of Treg-mediated suppression mechanisms’ emergence has not been identified. It is not yet known whether Treg suppression mechanisms diverged from a single pathway or converged from several sources. We investigated the evolutionary history of Treg suppression pathways using various phylogenetic analysis tools. To ensure the conservation of function for investigated proteins, we augmented our study using nonhomology-based methods to predict protein functions among various investigated species and mined the literature for experimental evidence of functional convergence. Our results indicate that a minority of Treg suppressor mechanisms could be homologs of ancient conserved pathways. For example, CD73, an enzymatic pathway known to play an essential role in invertebrates, is highly conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates, with no evidence of positive selection (w = 0.48, p-value < 0.00001). Our findings indicate that Tregs utilize homologs of proteins that diverged in early vertebrates. However, our findings do not exclude the possibility of a more evolutionary pattern following the duplication degeneration–complementation (DDC) model. Ancestral sequence reconstruction showed that Treg suppression mechanism proteins do not belong to one family; rather, their emergence seems to follow a convergent evolutionary pattern.

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19

Temin, Peter. "A Hobbesian Approach to Political-Economic History." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 35, no. 4 (April 2005): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0022195043327372.

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Hobbesian theory provides a key to understanding the interaction of economics and politics in the history of many countries, revealing that the suppression of violence is the first task of any nascent state. Only after governments have assured lasting internal peace by monopolizing violence can economic growth and political stability reinforce each other.

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20

Stuart, Andrew, and Emma R. Daughtrey. "On the Relationship Between Musicianship and Contralateral Suppression of Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 27, no. 04 (April 2016): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.15057.

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Background: The medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent reflex that modulates outer hair cell function has been shown to be more robust in musicians versus nonmusicians as evidenced in greater contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). All previous research comparing musical ability and MOC efferent strength has defined musicianship dichotomously (i.e., high-level music students or professional classical musicians versus nonmusicians). Purpose: The objective of the study was to further explore contralateral suppression of TEOAEs among adults with a full spectrum of musicianship ranging from no history of musicianship to professional musicians. Musicianship was defined by both self-report and with an objective test to quantify individual differences in perceptual music skills. Research Design: A single-factor between-subjects and correlational research designs were employed. Study Sample: Forty-five normal-hearing young adults participated. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed a questionnaire concerning their music experience and completed the Brief Profile of Music Perception Skills (PROMS) to quantify perceptual musical skills across multiple musical domains (i.e., accent, melody, tempo, and tuning). TEOAEs were evaluated with 60 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level click stimuli with and without a contralateral 65 dB sound pressure level white noise suppressor. TEOAE suppression was expressed in two ways, absolute TEOAE suppression in dB and a normalized index of TEOAE suppression (i.e., percentage of suppression). Results: Participants who considered themselves musicians scored significantly higher on all subscales and total Brief PROMS score (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between musicians and nonmusicians in absolute TEOAE suppression or percentage of TEOAE suppression (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations or linear predictive relationships between subscale or total Brief PROMS scores with absolute and percentage of TEOAE suppression (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings do not support the notion of a graded enhancement of MOC efferent suppression among adults with varied degrees of musicianship from nonmusicians to professional musicians.

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21

Ödberg, F. O. "Bullfighting and Animal welfare." Animal Welfare 1, no. 1 (February 1992): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600014676.

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AbstractVarious arguments in favour of and against bullfighting are reviewed. The author advocates a thorough and knowledgeable adaptation, suppressing bloodshed and other sufferings. Through history, the evolution of bullfighting consists of a gradual trend towards the ‘art for the art’. Such a solution would not only keep and even stimulate the aesthetic aspects, but has also more chances to save the animals. Strategically speaking, a fight for total suppression is unlikely to succeed anyway or will last too long.

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22

Płocka-Lewandowska, M., A. Araszkiewicz, and J. K. Rybakowski. "Dexamethasone suppression test and suicide attempts in schizophrenic patients." European Psychiatry 16, no. 7 (November 2001): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00602-2.

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SummaryThe suicide attempts were assessed in 32 schizophrenic patients on whom the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was done twice in the course of illness: in the years 1985–91 and 1996–97. In the 1985–91 period, both baseline and post-dexamethasone cortisol levels were significantly higher in the patients with previous suicide attempts and baseline cortisol was higher in the patients who were to make a future attempt. In 1996–97, DST non-suppression was shown in more than half of the patients with a history of suicide attempt and in none of those without such history: all cortisol levels were significantly higher in the patients with a history of suicide attempt. Although the mean intensity of depression was higher in the patients with a history of suicide attempt, no association between the intensity of depression and present or previous DST non-suppression status was found. It is suggested that the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may constitute an element of diathesis for suicidal behavior in schizophrenic patients.

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23

Schweitzer, I., K. P. Maguire, J. W. G. Tiller, A. H. Gee, L. C. Harrison, and B. M. Davies. "The Effects of Weight Change on the Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Depressed and Anorexic Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 6 (December 1986): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.6.751.

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Prior studies on weight change and hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning are reviewed. Data on 58 depressed and eight anorexic patients is presented. No significant difference in the frequency of cortisol non-suppression in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was found between depressed patients with a history of weight loss and those without, nor between depressed patients who lost weight during their first week in hospital and those who did not. Mean weight loss of suppressors did not significantly differ from that of non-suppressors. Of 12 patients whose DST normalised during their stay in hospital, only four gained weight. Five anorexics who were non-suppressors were <70% of their ideal body weight (IBW), while three suppressor anorexics were ≧70% IBW. These results indicate that mild to moderate weight change is not a significant influence on DST response in depression.

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24

Ubah, C. N. "Suppression of the Slave Trade in the Nigerian Emirates." Journal of African History 32, no. 3 (November 1991): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031546.

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This article has concentrated on the efforts made by the British colonial regime in Northern Nigeria to suppress the slave trade. It has shown that the slave trade disappeared gradually, in three phases. The first extended from 1900 to about 1908, the second lasted until about 1919, while the third continued until the disappearance of the slave trade at the end of the 1930s. The task of suppression was carried out by a variety of means: military, including the patroling of trade routes and policing of strategic locations; political and diplomatic, involving co-operation with other colonial powers in the area; and judicial, including arrest, prosecution and punishment of offenders. In all these efforts the colonial administration received assistance from the Native Authorities; by the third phase these Authorities and the Native Courts were the most active forces against slaving. The slave trade dealt to a very significant extent in children. In the environment in which the trade was conducted the dealers developed a range of tricks and subterfuges to evade detection by the law enforcement agencies. The long borders which the agencies had to patrol, the manpower problems which they faced, and the relative ease with which slaves could be obtained in times of adversity combined to make the struggle against slaving a protracted one. Time was not, however, on the side of the traders. Improvements in communications, a stronger administration, the growing effectiveness of patrols, and the deterrent effects of judicial action cut into and finally eliminated the slave trade.

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25

William Blair. "Editor's Note: Suppression of the African Slave Trade Revisited." Civil War History 54, no. 4 (2008): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.0.0035.

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26

Ershov, Yurii. "Cycles of history: Russia’s tragic experience." Socium i vlast 4 (2021): 07–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2021-4-07-19.

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The article deals with the problem of the cyclical nature of socio-historical development. Cyclicity is positioned as a universal feature of social development, making it possible to use the “lessons of history” in forecasting the future. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the causes of chronic disruptions in Russia’s modernization. The specificity of the Russian history cyclical nature is seen in the action of the institutional matrix, which unites authoritarianism and the suppression of private property into a monolithic whole.

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27

Kaiko, A. R., and P. R. Tingate. "SUPPRESSED VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON THERMAL HISTORY MODELLING IN THE BARROW AND DAMPIER SUB-BASINS." APPEA Journal 36, no. 1 (1996): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95023.

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The Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins form an important offshore petroleum province containing major oil discoveries associated with Triassic to Cretaceous reservoirs and source reeks. Constraining the timing cf oil generation and migration within the sub-basins has been hampered by difficulties in assessing thermal maturity using vitrinite reflectance data. Jurassic-Cretaceous formations of predominantly marine origin yield vitrinite reflectance values that are often lower than expected compared to the present day thermal conditions. The two main explanations put forward by workers for this situation are that:a recent increase in thermal gradients has occurred; orthe vitrinite reflectance is suppressed, and this suppression is related to the marine environment of deposition.Thermal history analysis of 65 wells throughout the Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins has confirmed, using multiple maturity parameters, that vitrinite reflectance data are suppressed over large parts of the study area.Thermal history modelling and the confirmation of vitrinite reflectance suppression has enabled revised estimates of pr esent maturity to be made. Maturity levels based on measured reflectance data and values calculated from thermal information exhibit large differences, related to suppression; up to 1,500 m in the depth to the 0.7 per cent R(1 iso-reflectance surface. Vitrinite reflectance suppression, if not taken into account, also strongly affects modelling of uplift and erosion, and the timing of onset of maturity for petroleum generation. Variations of up to 100 Ma have been noted between histories based on measured vitrinite reflectance and those taking vitrinite reflectance suppression into account.

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28

Di Caro, Valeria, and Chiara Della Libera. "Distractor filtering via Suppression History: transient, short or long-term plasticity?" Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 102d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.102d.

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29

van Moorselaar, Dirk, Jan Theeuwes, and Christian N. L. Olivers. "Memory-based attentional biases survive spatial suppression driven by selection history." Visual Cognition 27, no. 3-4 (March 5, 2019): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2019.1582571.

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30

Palepu, Anita, Mark W. Tyndall, Keith Chan, Evan Wood, Julio SG Montaner, and Robert S. Hogg. "Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Continuity of HIV Care: The Impact of Incarceration and Prison Release on Adherence and HIV Treatment Outcomes." Antiviral Therapy 9, no. 5 (July 1, 2003): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350400900503.

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Objective To examine the effect of incarceration within 12 months of initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on non-adherence and HIV-1 RNA suppression. Methods We compared the adherence and virological outcomes among participants in a population-based HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program in British Columbia, Canada, by history of incarceration in a provincial prison. Participants who were HIV-infected, naive to HAART and who were prescribed treatment between 1 July 1997 and 1 March 2002 were eligible for this study. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with non-adherence and Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine the factors associated with HIV-1 RNA suppression adjusting for age, gender, history of drug use, baseline HIV-1 RNA, baseline CD4 cell count, type of antiretroviral regimen [two nucleosides + protease inhibitor (PI) vs two nucleosides + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)], physician's HIV-related experience for each subject and adherence as measured by pharmacy refill compliance. Results There were 1746 subjects (101 incarcerated/ 1645 non-incarcerated) who started antiretroviral therapy between 1 July 1997 and 1 March 2002. Of those incarcerated, 50 initiated HAART while in prison and 27 subjects were released but returned to prison in the follow-up period. Subjects received antiretroviral therapy while incarcerated for a median number of 4 months [interquartile range (IQR): 2–10]. Multiple logistic regression results showed that a history of incarceration within 12 months of initiating HAART independently increased the odds of non-adherence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.40; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.54–3.75]. A history of injected drug use was also associated with non-adherence (AOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.17–1.90). The following factors were negatively associated with non-adherence: older age (AOR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72–0.91), male sex (AOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.38–0.65) and higher physician HIV-related experience (AOR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.98). In addition, a history of incarceration within 12 months of initiating HAART reduced the odds of achieving HIV-1 RNA suppression [adjusted hazards ratio (AHR): 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51–0.89]. Other factors negatively associated with viral suppression included a history of drug injection (AHR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.91), two nucleosides + PI vs two nucleosides + NNRTI (AHR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69–0.87), higher baseline HIV-1 RNA (AHR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.62–0.70). Higher adherence was positively associated with viral suppression (AHR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.34–1.42). Among the 101 subjects who were incarcerated in the first year of starting HAART, the time spent in jail was positively associated with HIV-1 RNA suppression (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10). Conclusion HIV-infected subjects with a history of incarceration within 12 months of initiating HAART have higher odds of non-adherence and, consequently, lower probability of achieving HIV-1 RNA suppression. The longer their sentence, however, the higher the probability of virological suppression. The British Columbian provincial prison system provided a structured setting for HAART but subjects are unable to continue this level of adherence upon release. Strategies to ensure continuation of HIV/AIDS care for HIV-infected individuals leaving the criminal justice system must be a public health priority.

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KRESINA, THOMAS F. "Suppression of Collagen Arthritis by Ly1?2 Antigen-Specific T Suppressor Cellsa." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 475, no. 1 Autoimmunity (July 1986): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb20890.x.

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32

Jovanović, Srđan Mladenov. "Confronting Recent History: Media in Serbia During Aleksandar Vučić's Ministry of Information in the Milošević Era (1998–1999)." Hiperboreea 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.6.1.0061.

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Abstract Since the end of the Yugoslav wars of the nineties, Serbia seems to have fallen out of the spotlight in scholarly research. Attempting to counter this, in this article, we tackle the media suppression by the 1998-99 Ministry of Information led by Aleksandar Vučić, nowadays serving as Serbia's President. Repositioning the spotlight from Slobodan Milošević to Aleksandar Vučić, we confront the numerous attempts of media suppression and censorship in the late nineties.

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33

Hobson, Hannah M., and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "The interpretation of mu suppression as an index of mirror neuron activity: past, present and future." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 3 (March 2017): 160662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160662.

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Mu suppression studies have been widely used to infer the activity of the human mirror neuron system (MNS) in a number of processes, ranging from action understanding, language, empathy and the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Although mu suppression is enjoying a resurgence of interest, it has a long history. This review aimed to revisit mu's past, and examine its recent use to investigate MNS involvement in language, social processes and ASDs. Mu suppression studies have largely failed to produce robust evidence for the role of the MNS in these domains. Several key potential shortcomings with the use and interpretation of mu suppression, documented in the older literature and highlighted by more recent reports, are explored here.

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34

Mizrahi, Eli M., and Peter Kellaway. "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SUPPRESSION-BURST EEG ACTIVITY IN NEONATES WITH SEIZURES." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 13, no. 5 (September 1996): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199609000-00019.

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35

Olafson, Erna, David L. Corwin, and Roland C. Summit. "Modern history of child sexual abuse awareness: Cycles of discovery and suppression." Child Abuse & Neglect 17, no. 1 (January 1993): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(93)90004-o.

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36

Windle, James. "A very gradual suppression: A history of Turkish opium controls, 1933–1974." European Journal of Criminology 11, no. 2 (July 22, 2013): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370813494818.

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37

Ebert, A., and H. Wieler. "Gibt es regionale Unterschiede im Tc-Uptake?" Nuklearmedizin 28, no. 04 (1989): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629484.

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The 99mTcO4-uptake (TcTU) was measured in 363 clinically and by laboratory findings euthyroid patients without history of hyper- or hypothyroidism, no evidence of iodine contamination and with a Delta-TSH <2,5 IU under a longterm suppressive thyroxine therapy. The medians of TcTU in the different regional groups from the Federal Republic of Germany (mail zip code 2000-8000) were not statistically different from each other, indicating that under suppression with thyroxine the effect of the iodine supply on TcTU is nearly negligible, and that, using the same method, results from different nuclear medicine departments should not differ significantly from each other.

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38

Lee, Karla A., Heather Shaw, Véronique Bataille, and Paul Nathan. "Campylobacteriosis following immunosuppression for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 2 (October 2020): e000577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000577.

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Five patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CPI) under our care across two cancer centers over a 12-month period have subsequently developed campylobacterosis. All had received immune-suppressive treatment for CPI-related colitis in the weeks or months preceding the detection of Campylobacter infection, with negative stool cultures at presentation of CPI-related colitis. The immune-suppression required to treat CPI-related toxicity may lead to an increased risk of enteric infection within the gut. While the underlying immune and biologic mechanisms are not well understood, perturbation of the gut microbiota is an increasingly recognized factor capable of influencing CPI-mediated immune reconstitution and response to therapy. Clinicians should be aware that worsening of colitic symptoms in patients with a history of treatment for CPI-related colitis may be due to enteric infection, and not simply a relapse/deterioration of a previously treated CPI-related colitis. Judicious infectious disease evaluation is necessary for patients receiving CPIs as symptoms can mimic immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Furthermore, the benefits of immune-suppressive therapy for the treatment of presumptive irAEs must be weighed against the possible increased risk for either enteric infection or opportunistic infection. Prospective studies are required to investigate microbiome perturbations, resulting from immune-suppression, and guide future treatment of this patient cohort.

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39

Bachmann, Sophie. "La suppression de l'ORTF en 1974: La reforme de la "Delivrance"." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 17 (January 1988): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3768797.

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40

Kelly, C. J., M. D. Clayman, and E. G. Neilson. "Immunoregulation in experimental interstitial nephritis: immunization with renal tubular antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant induces major histocompatibility complex-restricted, OX8+ suppressor T cells which are antigen-specific and inhibit the expression of disease." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 3 (February 1, 1986): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.3.903.

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Abstract We utilized a model of experimental interstitial nephritis induced by renal tubular antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant to examine a mechanism of immunologic tolerance produced by priming immunization with tubular antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Brown Norway rats primed with tubular antigen in incomplete adjuvant do not develop significant nephritis after challenge with antigen in complete adjuvant, and this tolerance can be transferred to naive recipients with donor T cells. These T cells also specifically suppress a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to soluble tubular antigen in recipients immunized to produce disease. This suppression is MHC-restricted and is mediated by OX8+ T cells which bind antigen and bear idiotypes cross-reactive with those on antibodies eluted from the tubular basement membrane. Despite the suppression of histologic disease, tolerized animals were able to produce significant titers of antibodies to tubular basement membrane. Our findings demonstrate an additional strategy for altering the natural history of immune-mediated renal disease, and further refine the characterization of the suppressive effect produced by incomplete Freund's adjuvant.

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41

Wright, Elaine F., Charles D. Canham, and K. D. Coates. "Effects of suppression and release on sapling growth for 11 tree species of northern, interior British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-089.

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Saplings of canopy tree species frequently undergo alternating periods of suppression and release before reaching canopy size. In this study, we document the effects of periods of suppression and release on current responses to variation in light by saplings of the 11 major tree species of northwestern, interior British Columbia. We were specifically interested in the degree to which increasing length of suppression had long-term effects on subsequent response to release in gaps or following partial cutting, and the degree to which the effects of suppression were ameliorated with time following release. At least some saplings of all 11 species had undergone alternating periods of suppression and release. The most shade-tolerant species generally did not show either a decline in growth over time during suppression or a gradual increase in growth at a given light level over time during release. The least shade-tolerant species exhibited significant declines in growth rate during suppression; however, in all of the species except trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), the effects of suppression disappeared over time during release. Failure to account for the effects of past suppression and release leads to significant overestimates of the initial responses of shade-intolerant species to release. Our results suggest that competitive balances between species shift substantially over time as a result of growth history and that these shifts have significant effects on successional patterns.

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42

Schroedel, Jean, and Ryan Hart. "Vote Dilution and Suppression in Indian Country." Studies in American Political Development 29, no. 1 (April 2015): 40–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x1400011x.

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The struggle for Native American voting rights has lasted more than two centuries. Although the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to indigenous peoples born within the geographic boundaries of the United States, it did not ensure the right to vote. Because the Constitution gives states the power to determine the “times, places, and manner of holding elections,” many states statutorily denied Native Americans the franchise until federal lawsuits forced them to change. Having the statutory right to vote, however, did not ensure that it could be exercised in a meaningful way. Since the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act there have been more than ninety voting rights cases involving Native Americans. While the overall historical trend has been toward extending the vote, periods of enhanced voting rights often have been followed by periods of retrenchment. In this article, we argue that the traditional frameworks used to explain racial inequalities fail to account for the unique character of relations between indigenous peoples and the U.S. government, and we propose a tripartite approach that draws from studies in core–periphery development and “racial institutional orders,” but also considers the many ways that tribal identities intersect with these.

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43

Raimon, Eve Allegra. "Beyond “Sectional Superiority”: Memorializing Black History in Northern New England." New England Quarterly 95, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 645–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00963.

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Abstract New England's lingering sense of itself as the locus of abolitionist virtue makes it imperative to interrogate this self-perception while examining the cultural import of contemporary African American memorials in the region. Twenty-first century commemorations in Northern New England are attempting to correct the visual and historical record of the suppression and expulsion of African Americans by erecting memorials that celebrate New England's Black history.

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44

Martin, Craig. "Success and Suppression: Arabic Sciences and Philosophy in the Renaissance." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 2 (August 2017): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_01134.

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45

D'ALTON, CRAIG W. "The Suppression of Lutheran Heretics in England, 1526–1529." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 54, no. 2 (April 2003): 228–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046902005675.

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This article examines responses to the spread of Lutheranism and related heresies in England during the final years of the ascendancy of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. It demonstrates that the preferred method for dealing with scholars and others toying with the New Learning was to attempt to convince them of the error of their ways rather than to punish them. The small number of Lutheran heresy trials in the 1520s is shown to be evidence not of a ‘soft’ approach to the growing problem of Lutheran infiltration, but of a successful policy of humanist reform.

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46

Tamaoka, Takehiro, Hideto Yoshida, and Seiji Takeda. "Oxidation and hydrogenation of Pd: suppression of oxidation by prolonged H2exposure." RSC Advances 9, no. 16 (2019): 9113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00436j.

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47

Madon, Mazlan, John Jong, Franz L. Kessler, and Michael Scherer. "Suppression Of Vitrinite Reflectance In The Malay And Penyu Basins, Offshore Peninsular Malaysia: A Review Of Available Data And Potential Implications." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 72 (November 15, 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm72202110.

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Suppression of vitrinite reflectance is a well-known phenomenon and, if not recognised and corrected for, could potentially have a big impact on the results of thermal history and basin modelling, and seriously affect exploration decisions. The Malay Basin is known to have shown evidence of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) suppression in a selection of wells that were also analysed using the FAMM (Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals) technique. Analysis of available data suggests that potential vitrinite reflectance suppression may be identified using an empirical regression line which separates “suppressed” from “normal” Ro values based on the FAMM data. The “FAMM minimum regression line” was used to screen through Ro data from 142 wells (drilled between 1969 and 2005) in the Malay Basin and it is estimated that a quarter of those wells might be affected by suppression. Possible suppression was also noted in the Penyu Basin, where bottom-hole temperatures in some wells are consistently higher than Ro-derived temperatures. The regression line could be used as a tool for quick screening of legacy Ro data for potential suppression of vitrinite reflectance. At the very least, it could raise suspicion about the quality of the Ro data and trigger further investigation as to whether the suppression is “real”, and help justify additional or specialised laboratory analyses such as FAMM and VIRF (Vitrinite-Inertinite Reflectance and Fluorescence) to correct for suppression.

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48

Garrioch, David. "Reform Catholicism and the International Suppression of the Jesuits in Enlightenment Europe." French History 33, no. 1 (March 2019): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crz015.

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49

CROLL, NEIL. "The role of M.N. Tukhachevskii in the suppression of the Kronstadt Rebellion." Revolutionary Russia 17, no. 2 (December 2004): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954654042000289688.

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50

Андрій Володимирович Шевчук. "THE STAFF OF THE PIDKOMORIOUS COURTS OF THE RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE (1797–1832)." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111812.

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The article analyzes the staff of the pidkomorious courts of the Right-bank Ukraine after the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s court tradition was restored by Pavel I. In an effort to centralize the state, strengthen its power and establish order, the ruler went for the restoration of certain elements of the previous judicial system in order to receive support from the regional elites. It is established that the return to the previous staff was declared. However, earlier the szlachta of the povit chose only the pidkomoriy, which held the position for the life term and independently formed the composition of the court, appointing a komornyk, a scrivener, a measurer and diggers, but this time, in Russian reality, the magistrates were the first who were elected for the life term in the noble elections. Soon enough, under the reign of Alexander I according to the “Institutions for the Management of the Provinces” (1775) they were elected for a three-year term. Apart from the pidkomoriy, a komornyk and a voznyi (who were not present in the composition of the court before) were elected as well. The supreme power tried to bring the composition of the noble voters in accordance with the all-Russian laws but due to the specific characteristics of the region they constantly faced problems, in particular, some of the nobles did not have the necessary property, others were not recorded in the noble books etc. One of the main things that influenced the composition of the court was the approval of the positions of a pidkomoriy, a komornyk and a voznyi by the governor. Being on elected positions in the judiciary was a sign of loyalty on the part of the local gentry to the Russian authorities who in turn met legal financial needs of such officials, even at the expense of the treasury as it was with the sequestrated mansions after T. Kosciuszko’s uprising. A great amount of work combined with the control by the Russian authorities led to the loss of the prestige value of the position. Well-off Polish landowners preferred to run their own farming and make a profit of this rather than abandon their mansions and serve the Russian authorities. Some elected officials carried out their official duties negligently, ignoring the orders of the county and provincial authorities, violating the rules of clerical work and refusing to go to the delimitation. After the suppression of the Polish uprising in 1830-1831 pidcomorian courts were abolished and their functions were forwarded to povit courts.

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