Дисертації з теми "Sum of digits"

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de certaines propriétés arithmétiques et combinatoires de la fonction somme des chiffres. Nous commençons par étudier les sommes d'exponentielles de la forme $dissum_{nleq x}expleft(2ipileft(frac{l}{m}S_q(n)+frac{k}{m'}S_{q}(n+1)+theta nright)right)$ en vue de montrer un résultat d'équirépartition modulo $1$ et un théorème probabiliste d'ErdH{o}s-Kac. Ensuite, on va généraliser un problème dû à Gelfond concernant l'étude de la répartition dans les progressions arithmétiques de la fonction somme des chiffres au cas des nombres ellipséphiques. En particulier, on donne un théorème analogue à celui d'Erdös, Mauduit et S'arközy sur l'uniforme répartition des entiers ellipséphiques dans les progressions arithmétiques sous une contrainte sur la somme des chiffres. Enfin, une étude de l'ordre moyen de certaines fonctions arithmétiques soumises à des contraintes digitales est faite en conséquence des travaux de Mkaouar et Wannès
The aim of this thesis is the study of some arithmetic and combinatoric properties of the sum of digits function. We start by the study of exponential sums of the form $dissum_{nleq x}expleft(2ipileft(frac{l}{m}S_q(n)+frac{k}{m'}S_q(n+1)+theta nright)right)$ in order to establish a result of equidistribution modulo $1$ in addition to a probabilistic theorem of the kind ErdH{o}s-Kac. Then, we generalize a problem due to Gelfond concerning the distribution in residue classes of the sum of digits function in the case of integers with missing digits. Besides, we give a similar result to that of ErdH{o}s, Mauduit and S'ark"{o}zy on the uniform distribution of integers with missing digits in arithmetic progressions under a constraint on the sum of digits. Finally, a study of the order of magnitude of some arithmetical functions under digital constraints is done as a consequence of the works of Mkaouar and Wannès

Cette thèse se situe à l'intersection des mathématiques et de l'informatique théorique. Une suite pseudo-aléatoire, bien qu'engendrée par un algorithme déterministe, possède un comportement proche de celui d'une suite aléatoire. Nous nous intéressons à différentes mesures de complexité pour les suites pseudo-aléatoires. D'un autre côté, les suites automatiques sont des suites non aléatoires. Cependant, certaines sous-suites des suites automatiques, comme les sous-suites polynomiales, sont bien plus aléatoires. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous établissons une borne inférieure de la complexité d'ordre maximal de la suite de Thue-Morse et des suites de motifs le long de tout polynôme unitaire, ce qui répond à une question de Sun et Winterhof (2019). Nous étudions ensuite le système de numération de Zeckendorf. Sa fonction somme des chiffres est une suite morphique non-automatique. Nous établissons une borne inférieure de la complexité d'ordre maximal de la suite de Fibonacci-Thue-Morse le long de tout polynôme unitaire. Nous calculons la complexité d'ordre maximal à l'aide du Graphe Acyclique Orienté de Mot (DAWG). Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la somme des chiffres binaire des carrés parfaits. Nous reprenons les travaux de Hare, Laishram et Stoll (2011) qui étudient le problème de déterminer les entiers impairs dont le poids de Hamming est égal à celui de son carré. Nous résolvons ce problème pour la majorité des cas restants et introduisons de nouveaux outils potentiellement utiles à la résolution complète du problème. Nos méthodes combinent la théorie des nombres, la combinatoire des mots et l'informatique. La dernière partie de cette thèse porte sur les corrélations de la suite de Rudin-Shapiro. La corrélation d'ordre 2 est historiquement très étudiée pour cette suite car elle possède un comportement aléatoire bien que la suite soit déterministe. Cependant, des corrélations d'ordre supérieur de cette suite ne possèdent plus ce comportement aléatoire. Dans la lignée des travaux de Aloui, Mauduit et Mkaouar (2021) sur les corrélations de la suite de Thue-Morse le long des nombres premiers, nous établissons un résultat sur les corrélations de la suite de Rudin-Shapiro le long des nombres premiers
The topic of this thesis lies at the interface between mathematics and computer science. A pseudorandom sequence is a sequence generated by a deterministic algorithm that has properties similar to those of a random sequence. We are interested in various complexity measures for these pseudorandom sequences. Automatic and morphic sequences are not random or pseudorandom, but certain subsequences of these sequences, such as polynomial subsequences for instance, are more random than the original sequences. In the first part of the thesis, we establish a lower bound on the maximal order complexity of the Thue-Morse sequence and related sequences along polynomial subsequences. This answers a question of Sun and Winterhof (2019). We then study the problem in the Zeckendorf numeration system. Its sum of digits function is a morphic non-automatic sequence. We establish a lower bound on the maximal order complexity of the Fibonacci-Thue-Morse sequence along unitary polynomials. We calculate the complexity with the help of the Directed Acyclic Word Graph (DAWG). In the second part, we are interested in the binary sum of digits of squares. We take up the work of Hare, Laishram and Stoll (2011) who studied the problem to determine the odd integers whose Hamming weight is the same as the one of their square. We solve the problem in the majority of the remaining cases, and introduce new tools that might be helpful to completely solve the problem. Our methods range from number theory, combinatorics on words to implementations in the area of computer science. In the third part of the thesis, we study the correlations of the Rudin-Shapiro sequence. The correlations of order 2 are well understood for this sequence, the behavior of this sequence is rather random whereas the original sequence is completely deterministic. The correlation of higher orders of this sequence do not show this random behavior. Aloui, Mauduit and Mkaouar (2021) studied the correlation of the Thue-Morse sequence along prime numbers. We provide a result on the correlation of the Rudin-Shapiro sequence along prime numbers

Orientador: Yuzo Iano
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Estudantes precoces e/ou com comportamento dotado (PCD) fazem parte do público-alvo da Educação Especial. Estes, assim como os demais estudantes considerados nativos digitais, passam a maior parte do tempo conectados à internet, por meio das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC). Frente ao progresso das TDIC não podemos ignorar que os estudantes do século XXI apresentam características e comportamentos diferenciados. Nessa perspectiva, surgiu a necessidade de comparar estudantes nativos digitais PCD (G1) com estudantes nativos digitais não identificados como tais (G2), no uso das TDIC. Os objetivos específicos consistiam em: caracterizar a ação dos estudantes em relação às TDIC; caracterizar os grupos G1 e G2 quanto ao uso das TDIC, competências digitais e à existência de possíveis discrepâncias entre os grupos, na utilização das mesmas; identificar, em momentos de atividades livres propostas pela pesquisadora, como os estudantes usam as TDIC, se como entretenimento ou ferramenta de aprimoramento intelectual; identificar as preferências e possíveis discrepâncias entre G1 e G2, em momentos de atividades livres. Participaram da pesquisa 36 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental, sendo 18 PCD, pareados a 18 com desenvolvimento típico. Todos realizaram atividades livres e um programa de atividades dirigidas. Os dados foram organizados, cruzados, analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Nossos achados revelaram que a maioria dos estudantes, de ambos os grupos, apresentaram ações Conscientes, no que tange à utilização de ferramentas comunicacionais e ações de Desconhecimento, Tentativa e Erro, no uso de ferramentas operativas e de produção; os estudantes do G1 executaram mais ações Conscientes, com maior diferença entre os estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental; ambos os grupos podem ampliar as competências digitais, no que diz respeito ao tratamento da informação, produção de conteúdos e comunicação; os fenômenos da precocidade e da superdotação não determinaram maior ou menor número de esclarecimento e/ou ajuda e atividades (não)realizadas, no entanto, verificamos que alguns estudantes PCD adotavam as TDIC como uma ferramenta de aprimoramento intelectual, sendo que, se estes receberem orientações sobre o desenvolvimento das competências digitais, essa utilização será ainda mais efetiva. Sobre as preferências dos estudantes, ambos os grupos interessaram-se jogos e sites semelhantes, de modo que, dentre os estudantes do G1, alguns, que se destacavam pela presença marcante dos Três Anéis da teoria de Joseph S. Renzulli, realizaram atividades relacionadas diretamente às sua área de interesse ou optaram por conteúdos educativos. Acreditamos que só alcançaremos a tão almejada inovação educativa, quando estudantes e professores forem capazes de usar as TDIC de maneira intencional, consciente, criativa e digitalmente competente, tornando-os artefatos pedagógicos de uso diário, no contexto escolar. Ao término da pesquisa, foi elaborado um informativo, em formato digital, com orientações sobre competências digitais e segurança ma internet para estudantes, pais e/ou responsáveis e professores.
Early students and/or with gifted behavior (PCD) are part of the target audience of Special Education. These, as well as other students considered digital natives, spend most of the time connected to the internet, through Digital Information and Comunication Technologies (TDIC). Front of the progress of TDIC we can not ignore that the students of the XXI century have characteristics and different behaviors. In this perspective, the need to compare digital native students PCD (G1) with digital native students that were not identified as such (G2), in the use of TDIC. The specific objectives consisted in: characterize the action of the students in relation to TDIC; characterize the G1 and G2 on the use of TDIC, digital skills and the existence of possible discrepancies between groups, in use; identifiy, in times of free activities proposed by the researcher, how the students use the TDIC, whether as entertainment or intellectual improvment tool; identify the preferences and possible discrepancies between G1 and G2, in times of free activities. The participants were 36 students of elementar school, 18 PCD, matched to 18 with typical development. All conducted free activities and a program of directed activities. The data were organized, cross-analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Our findings revealed that the majority of students in both groups showed Conscious actions regarding the use of communication tools and actions of Unknowing, Trial and Error, the use of operational tools and production; G1 students performed more aware actions, with greater difference between the students of the early years of elementary school; both groups can widen the digital skills, regarding the processing of the information, content production and communication; the phenomena of precocity and giftedness have not determined a greater or lesser number of clarification and / or assitance and activities done or not, however, we found that some PCD students had adopted the TDIC as an intellectual enhancement tool, and if they receive guidance on the development of digital skills, such use will be even more effective. About the preferences of students, both became interested in games and similar sites groups, so that among the students of G1, some, who stood by a Strong presence of the Three Rings of Joseph S. Renzulli’s theory, conducted related activities directly to their area of interest or opted of educational content. We believe that achieving the coveted educational innovation, when students and teachers become able to use the TDIC intentionally, knowingly, creative and digitally competent, making the pedagogical artifacts of daily use in the school context. At the end of the survey, an informative was prepared, in eletronic format, with guidance on e-skills and digital security for students, parentes and/or guardians and teachers.

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The present work turns on the public politics of digital inclusion and of the impact of the Technologies of the Information and Communication in the formation of the citizenship. For this, it was opted for doing an analysis of effectiveness of the performance of the objectives of the Proinfo (National Program of Computer Science in the Education) municipal district of Natal-RN. As instrument of collection of data, three types of questionnaires were used. The collected data were analyzed and discussed starting from it analyzes it descriptive of averages and analyze of multiple regression. The results of the research pointed that the teachers and the students use the computer science in a restricted way. On the other hand, the digital education is not still totally contemplated in the schools beneficiaries' digital r?rum? by Proinfo municipal and thus, the inefficacy of the program was verified with relationship the educational training and the students' digital inclusion
O presente estudo discorre sobre a pol?tica p?blica de inclus?o digital e do impacto das Tecnologias da Informa??o e comunica??o na forma??o da cidadania. Para tanto, optou-se por fazer uma an?lise de efic?cia da atua??o dos objetivos do Proinfo (Programa Nacional de Inform?tica na Educa??o) do munic?pio de Natal-RN. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foram utilizados tr?s tipos de question?rios. Os dados coletados foram analisados e discutidos a partir da analise descritiva de m?dias e analise de regress?o m?ltipla. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que tanto os professores quanto os alunos utilizam a inform?tica de forma restrita. Por outro lado, a educa??o digital ainda n?o est? totalmente contemplada nos curr?culos digitais das escolas beneficiadas pelo Proinfo municipal e assim, constatou-se a inefic?cia do programa com rela??o a capacita??o docente e inclus?o digital dos alunos

Os avanços na tecnologia de semicondutores possibilitou que se fabricasse dispositivos com atividade de chaveamento mais rápida e com maior capacidade de integração de transistores. Estes avanços, todavia, impuseram novos empecilhos relacionados com a dissipação de potência e energia. Além disso, a crescente demanda por dispositivos portáteis levaram à uma mudança no paradigma de projeto de circuitos para que se priorize energia ao invés de desempenho. Este cenário motivou à reduzir a tensão de alimentação com qual os dispositivos operam para um regime próximo ou abaixo da tensão de limiar, com o objetivo de aumentar sua duração de bateria. Apesar desta abordagem balancear características de performance e energia, ela traz novos desafios com relação a tolerância à ruído. Ao reduzirmos a tensão de alimentação, também reduz-se a margem de ruído disponível e, assim, os circuitos tornam-se mais suscetíveis à falhas funcionais. Somado à este efeito, circuitos com tensões de alimentação nestes regimes são mais sensíveis à variações do processo de fabricação, logo agravando problemas com ruído. Existem também outros aspectos, tais como a miniaturização das interconexões e a relação de fan-out de uma célula digital, que incentivam a avaliação de ruído nas fases iniciais do projeto de circuitos integrados Por estes motivos, este trabalho investiga como aprimorar a margem de ruído estática de circuitos síncronos digitais que irão operar em tensões no regime de tensão próximo ou abaixo do limiar. Esta investigação produz um conjunto de três contribuições originais. A primeira é uma ferramenta capaz de avaliar automaticamente a margem de ruído estática de células CMOS combinacionais. A segunda contribuição é uma metodologia realista para estimar a margem de ruído estática considerando variações de processo, tensão e temperatura. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a metodologia proposta permitiu reduzir até 70% do pessimismo das margens de ruído estática, Por último, a terceira contribuição é um fluxo de projeto de células combinacionais digitais considerando ruído, e uma abordagem para avaliar a margem de ruído estática de circuitos complexos durante a etapa de síntese lógica. A biblioteca de células resultante deste fluxo obteve maior margem de ruído (até 24%) e menor variação entre diferentes células (até 62%).
The advancement of semiconductor technology enabled the fabrication of devices with faster switching activity and chips with higher integration density. However, these advances are facing new impediments related to energy and power dissipation. Besides, the increasing demand for portable devices leads the circuit design paradigm to prioritize energy efficiency instead of performance. Altogether, this scenario motivates engineers towards reducing the supply voltage to the near and subthreshold regime to increase the lifespan of battery-powered devices. Even though operating in these regime offer interesting energy-frequency trade-offs, it brings challenges concerning noise tolerance. As the supply voltage reduces, the available noise margins decrease, and circuits become more prone to functional failures. In addition, near and subthreshold circuits are more susceptible to manufacturing variability, hence further aggravating noise issues. Other issues, such as wire minimization and gate fan-out, also contribute to the relevance of evaluating the noise margin of circuits early in the design Accordingly, this work investigates how to improve the static noise margin of digital synchronous circuits that will operate at the near/subthreshold regime. This investigation produces a set of three original contributions. The first is an automated tool to estimate the static noise margin of CMOS combinational cells. The second contribution is a realistic static noise margin estimation methodology that considers process-voltage-temperature variations. Results show that the proposed methodology allows to reduce up to 70% of the static noise margin pessimism. Finally, the third contribution is the noise-aware cell design methodology and the inclusion of a noise evaluation of complex circuits during the logic synthesis. The resulting library achieved higher static noise margin (up to 24%) and less spread among different cells (up to 62%).

Orientador: Michel Daoud Yacoub
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Os sistemas de comunicações móveis originalmente analógicos estão evoluindo para a concepção digital. A avaliação das técnicas digitais no ambiente móvel é importante para escolha da tecnologia digital adequada. A modulação GMSK (Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift Keying) com detecção coerente foi proposta como uma modulação eficiente para as comunicações móveis. Isto porque, na modulação GMSK, a potência irradiada fora de faixa no canal adjacente preenche as severas condições impostas. A análise da taxa de erro de transmissão é feita com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da modulação GMSK no ambiente de rádio móvel. Para analisar a taxa de erro de bit é necessário fazer a avaliação das características de propagação do ambiente móvel. Redes locais sem fio são uma aplicação específica decorrente do uso da tecnologia digital nas comunicações móveis. Um exemplo de protocolo de comunicação para redes locais sem fio é mostrado. A taxa de erro de mensagem, para a modulação GMSK, é avaliada considerando-se o protocolo exemplificado, específico para a estrutura de redes locais sem fio. Com o objetivo de mostrar que o uso de códigos corretores de erro é eficiente para reduzir as taxa de erros de mensagem a níveis aceitáveis, avaliamos o desempenho da modulação GMSK associada à utilização do código Golay (23,12)
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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O ensino é de vital importância para a evolução de uma sociedade. Metodologias e ferramentas de ensino visam otimizar e facilitar o aprendizado de forma que o processo de aprendizagem seja eficiente. Descreve-se nesta dissertação um ambiente de apoio ao ensino – chamado Classroom – com ênfase na Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas cujo objetivo é fornecer ferramentas e guias para a criação de aulas virtuais, facilitando a composição e exposição de complementos para aulas presenciais. Além do ambiente e suas ferramentas, descreve-se também os raciocínios que nortearam a criação de um curso complementar de Sistemas Digitais para demonstração do uso do ambiente, tanto pelo professor que o criou quanto pelos alunos que o estudaram e avaliaram. Em seguida, são relatadas as formas de avaliação do ambiente, bem como os resultados obtidos. Por fim, conclui-se a dissertação com indicações dos pontos positivos que foram identificados com os resultados das avaliações e de melhorias que podem ser realizadas em extensões do ambiente Classroom.
Teaching has a vital importance to the evolution of a society. Teaching methodologies and tools aim to optimize and facilitate the learning process so that it becomes more efficient. This dissertation describes a teaching support environment – named Classroom – based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences whose goal is to provide tools and guides to the creation of virtual classes, facilitating the composition of and exposure to material complimentary to that presented in attendance classes. Besides the environment and its tools, it is also described the reasoning behind the creation of a complementary Digital Systems course to demonstrate the use of the environment by the professor and the students that tested it. Afterwards, the process to evaluate the environment is presented, as well as the obtained results. In the end, the dissertation is concluded with indication of the positive and negative points that were identified by analyses of the evaluations results. Improvements are also proposed so that the Classroom environment may be extended.

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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Storms to human thought produced by the magic of Gutenberg cause, especially in our days, fascinating questions about the fate of writing, books and media in which we keep our ideas and memories. This study investigates the experience of reading and textual production nowadays. It discusses literature, the book and its transformations in the face of new technologies, bringing the experience of creation of the digital multimedia book Lazarus in the land of endlessness, done on the iPad, inspired by the works Memories Lazarus by Adonias Filho and The violent Land of Jorge Amado - as well as the concept of Commonplace book. Based on the Six Memos for the Next Millennium by Italo Calvino and on the thoughts of Katherine Hayles and Sergio Basbaum, sets up a dialogue about literature today; the analogic book and digital book are discussed from theoreticians as George Steiner, Vilem Flusser, Marshall McLuhan and Robert Darnton, paying special attention to literary criticism. Finally, given the wealth of technological innovations, the ubiquity of digital mediation and the possibilities opened by this revolution, the dissertation ends with the evolution and refinement of the original question, regarding the use of new technologies in the teaching of literature, since the contemporary context does not allow conclusive determinations, emphasizing the importance of Internet access and to new technological tools - given the possibilities for the future of the book and the place of reading in the twenty-first century
As tempestades para o pensamento humano produzidas pela magia de Gutenberg provocam, sobretudo em nossos dias, fascinantes perguntas sobre o destino da escrita, do livro e dos suportes nos quais guardamos nossas ideias e memórias. Este estudo investiga a experiência da leitura e a produção textual na contemporaneidade. Discute-se a literatura, o livro e suas transformações frente às novas tecnologias, apresentando a experiência de criação do livro digital multimídia Lazarus in the land of endlessness, feito no iPad, inspirado nas obras Memórias de Lázaro, de Adonias Filho, e Terras do Sem Fim, de Jorge Amado -- bem como no conceito de Commonplace book. Com base nas seis propostas de Italo Calvino e nos pensamentos de Katherine Hayles e Sérgio Basbaum, estabelece-se um diálogo sobre literatura nos dias de hoje; o livro analógico e o livro digital são discutidos a partir de teóricos como George Steiner, Vilém Flusser, Marshall McLuhan e Robert Darnton, dando especial atenção à crítica literária. Finalmente, diante da riqueza das novidades tecnológicas, da onipresença da mediação digital e das possibilidades abertas por essa revolução, a dissertação termina com a evolução e refinamento da pergunta inicial, quanto ao uso das novas tecnologias no ensino da literatura, já que o contexto contemporâneo não permite determinações conclusivas, enfatizando-se a importância do acesso à internet e às novas ferramentas tecnológicas-- dadas as possibilidades referentes ao futuro do livro e ao lugar da leitura no século XXI

Orientador: Norian Marranghello
Banca: Maria Eliza Brefere Arnoni
Banca: Luiz Carlos Begosso
Resumo: O ensino é de vital importância para a evolução de uma sociedade. Metodologias e ferramentas de ensino visam otimizar e facilitar o aprendizado de forma que o processo de aprendizagem seja eficiente. Descreve-se nesta dissertação um ambiente de apoio ao ensino - chamado Classroom - com ênfase na Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas cujo objetivo é fornecer ferramentas e guias para a criação de aulas virtuais, facilitando a composição e exposição de complementos para aulas presenciais. Além do ambiente e suas ferramentas, descreve-se também os raciocínios que nortearam a criação de um curso complementar de Sistemas Digitais para demonstração do uso do ambiente, tanto pelo professor que o criou quanto pelos alunos que o estudaram e avaliaram. Em seguida, são relatadas as formas de avaliação do ambiente, bem como os resultados obtidos. Por fim, conclui-se a dissertação com indicações dos pontos positivos que foram identificados com os resultados das avaliações e de melhorias que podem ser realizadas em extensões do ambiente Classroom.
Abstract: Teaching has a vital importance to the evolution of a society. Teaching methodologies and tools aim to optimize and facilitate the learning process so that it becomes more efficient. This dissertation describes a teaching support environment - named Classroom - based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences whose goal is to provide tools and guides to the creation of virtual classes, facilitating the composition of and exposure to material complimentary to that presented in attendance classes. Besides the environment and its tools, it is also described the reasoning behind the creation of a complementary Digital Systems course to demonstrate the use of the environment by the professor and the students that tested it. Afterwards, the process to evaluate the environment is presented, as well as the obtained results. In the end, the dissertation is concluded with indication of the positive and negative points that were identified by analyses of the evaluations results. Improvements are also proposed so that the Classroom environment may be extended.
Mestre

Med detta kandidatarbete vill jag synliggöra datorns roll i digitalt skapande. Detta genom att se till den kod som utgör digitala objekt som ett materia, och utifrån Karen Barads teorier om agentiell realism samt forskning i digital materialitet bjuda in denna digitala materia som en aktör i skapandeprocessen. Jag har strävat efter en inblick i hur digital materia framträder när den tillåts verka som en aktör, hur den tar ett uttryck och yttrar sig. Jag har engagerat mig i digital materia med diffraktion och remix som metod, vilket tillåtit mig en djupare inblick i det samt en inkluderande process där jag och materiat verkar tillsammans; i intra-aktion. I slutändan ser jag hur digital materia inte framträder ensamt, både jag och dator finns sammantrasslade i dess framträdande som ett resultat av den intra-aktion vi mötts i. Mitt ingripande i digital materia blir synligt i form av glitches, spår av digitalt förfall som ger det annars flyktiga digitala materiat mer materiella och konkreta egenskaper. Det blir även tydligt hur digital materia innebär en svårförstådd komplexitet, som framträder visuellt när det tillåts påverka denna skapandeprocess. Men jag även erhållit en medvetenhet om hur digital materia inte har ett absolut framträdande, och mitt arbete kan ses som en undersökning i hur digital materia kan framträda.
With this bachelor thesis I aim to bring to light the role of the computer in digital creative work. This is accomplished by treating the code that make up digital objects as a form of matter, and with Karen Barad’s agential realism and other research into digital materiality as a point of reference this matter is invited to the creative process as an actor. I’ve been striving for a glimpse of how digital matter comes to life when it’s allowed an active part in the creative process, to see how it expresses itself. By engaging with the digital matter through diffraction and remix as methods I’ve been given an insight into the core of it, and through the process I’ve been working alongside digital matter in intra action. Ultimately I can see how digital matter won’t appear alone, I myself and the computer are both entangled together with the digital matter as a result of the intra actions we’ve been engaging in. My intervention in digital matter becomes visible as glitches, traces of decay that give the digital matter, which can be so fleeting, more concrete and material characteristics. The unintelligible complexity of digital matter also comes to light when it’s allowed influence, as it appears visually. With this knowledge I’ve gained the awareness that digital matter does not have an absolute appearance, and this thesis can be seen as an investigation into how digital matter can appear.

Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Em Portugal, a televisão foi desde sempre a média favorita dos portugueses, porém, com a rápida penetração da Internet, ocupa hoje o segundo lugar da tabela com 3,1 horas de visualização diária face às 4,2 horas de utilização diária da Internet (Meios & Publicidade, 2015). As organizações perceberam as oportunidades publicitárias associadas à sua presença neste canal, assistindo-se atualmente a uma proliferação de dinâmicas publicitárias cada vez mais diversificada e profissionalizada, onde a publicidade display se insurge. Adjacente ao aparecimento das novas formas publicitárias, surgiram também novas formas de as avaliar, traduzidas em métricas digitais, que os profissionais dizem ser demasiadas e confusas, para definição e estandardização de modelos de avaliação da publicidade online. Este trabalho representa uma abordagem a essa mesma questão: esclarecer junto dos profissionais das agências de meios, quais as métricas de exposição, estratégicas e financeiras mais adequadas, na avaliação dos principais objetivos da publicidade display. Os resultados indicam que a maior parte das métricas propostas no modelo, são relevantes para a avaliação dos objetivos em questão, ainda que as métricas de exposição sejam a tipologia mais usada, pela acessibilidade que as caracterizam. As métricas estratégicas incorrem em mais custos e são mais complexas de implementar. As métricas financeiras, são recorrentemente usadas, no entanto o ROI, uma das métricas mais consideradas na avaliação do Marketing, é percecionado como uma métrica difícil de apurar, considerando a complexidade que exibe, na correlação dos resultados ao investimento realizado, exceto se for usado em e-commerce.
In Portugal, television has always been the portugueses´s prefered media, however, with the rapid penetration of Internet, today takes the second place on the ranking, with 3,1 hours of daily viewing against 4,2 hours of daily use of Internet (Meios & Publicidade, 2015). Companies understood the advertisement opportunities with its presence in this channel, currently witnessing a proliferation of advertising dynamics increasingly diversified and professionalized, where the display advertising stands out. Adjacent to the appearance of these new forms of advertising, also have emerged new forms of evaluating them, translated into digital metrics, which professionals say that are too many and confused, for the definition and standardization of online advertising evaluation models. This work represents an approach to this subject: clarify with the professionals of the media agencies, which are the most appropriate exposure, strategic and financial metrics to assessing the main objectives of the display advertising. The results indicate that most of the metrics proposed in the model are relevant for the evaluation of the objectives in question, although the exposure metrics are the most used typology because of the accessibility that characterize them. Strategic metrics incur in more costs and are more complex to implement. Financial metrics are often used, however ROI, one of the most considered metrics in Marketing´s assessment, is perceived as a metric that is difficult to ascertain, considering its complexity in assigning the results to the investment made, unless it is used in a model of e-commerce.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A Factor Graph (FG -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_graph) is a structure used to find solutions to problems that can be represented as a Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM). They consist of interconnected variable nodes and factor nodes, which iteratively compute and pass messages to each other. FGs can be applied to solve decoding of forward error correcting codes, Markov chains and Markov Random Fields, Kalman Filtering, Fourier Transforms, and even some games such as Sudoku. In this paper, a framework is presented for rapid prototyping of hardware implementations of FG-based applications. The FG developer specifies aspects of the application, such as graphical structure, factor computation, and message passing algorithm, and the framework returns a design. A system of Python scripts and Verilog Hardware Description Language templates together are used to generate the HDL source code for the application. The generated designs are vendor/platform agnostic, but currently target the Xilinx Virtex-6-based ML605. The framework has so far been primarily applied to construct Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) decoders. The characteristics of a large basket of generated LDPC decoders, including contemporary 802.11n decoders, have been examined as a verification of the system and as a demonstration of its capabilities. As a further demonstration, the framework has been applied to construct a Sudoku solver.
Master of Science

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se imagens digitalizadas obtidas de radiografias periapicais tomadas com tempo de exposição reduzido podem ser melhoradas com o auxílio de um programa de computador (PhotoStyler) para tratamento digital. Foram empregadas radiografias de áreas de molares e premolares de mandíbulas secas, tomadas em série e padronizadas. Um total de 57 imagens equivalentes às radiografias com tempo de exposição reduzido (60 e 80% do tempo considerado normal), digitalizadas e tratadas, foram submetidas a avaliação de sete examinadores que as compararam com as imagens não tratadas. Verificou-se que cerca de 80% das imagens equivalentes às radiografias tomadas com redução de 60% da dose habitual foram consideradas de qualidade para elaboração de diagnóstico. Quanto às imagens radiográficas tomadas com 80% de redução do tempo de exposição, cerca de 50% foram consideradas adequadas para o mesmo propósito
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether digitized images obtained from periapical radiographs taken with low dose of radiation could be improved with the aid of a computer software (PhotoStyler) for digital treatrnent. Serial and standardized radiographs of molar and premolar areas were studied. A total of 57 images equivalent to the radiographs taken with reduced exposure time ( 60 and 80% of the time considered normal), digitized and treated, were submitted to the evaluation of seven exanúners which compared them with those images without treatment. lt was verified that about 80% of the images equivalem to lhe radiographs taken with 60% reduction of ordinary exposure time were considered to having quality for supporting diagnosis. As for the images taken with 80% reduction of ordinary exposure time, about 50% of them were considered suitable for the sarne purpose

Orientador: Luiz César de Morais
Banca: Agenor Montebelo Filho
Banca: Edmundo Medici Filho
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se imagens digitalizadas obtidas de radiografias periapicais tomadas com tempo de exposição reduzido podem ser melhoradas com o auxílio de um programa de computador (PhotoStyler) para tratamento digital. Foram empregadas radiografias de áreas de molares e premolares de mandíbulas secas, tomadas em série e padronizadas. Um total de 57 imagens equivalentes às radiografias com tempo de exposição reduzido (60 e 80% do tempo considerado normal), digitalizadas e tratadas, foram submetidas a avaliação de sete examinadores que as compararam com as imagens não tratadas. Verificou-se que cerca de 80% das imagens equivalentes às radiografias tomadas com redução de 60% da dose habitual foram consideradas de qualidade para elaboração de diagnóstico. Quanto às imagens radiográficas tomadas com 80% de redução do tempo de exposição, cerca de 50% foram consideradas adequadas para o mesmo propósito
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether digitized images obtained from periapical radiographs taken with low dose of radiation could be improved with the aid of a computer software (PhotoStyler) for digital treatrnent. Serial and standardized radiographs of molar and premolar areas were studied. A total of 57 images equivalent to the radiographs taken with reduced exposure time ( 60 and 80% of the time considered normal), digitized and treated, were submitted to the evaluation of seven exanúners which compared them with those images without treatment. lt was verified that about 80% of the images equivalem to lhe radiographs taken with 60% reduction of ordinary exposure time were considered to having quality for supporting diagnosis. As for the images taken with 80% reduction of ordinary exposure time, about 50% of them were considered suitable for the sarne purpose
Mestre

Orientador: Leonardo de Souza Mendes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDFS) is a method of producing an analog waveform by

generating a time-varying signal in digital form, succeeded by digital-to-analog reconstruction.

At behavioral level the bit products with specified weights are used to generate the sine wave. In representation of a sine wave both positive and negative weights are generated. Since negative weights are not desired in design, the negative weights are transformed to positive weights. To reduce the number of current sources and control signals, bit product signals of those current sources which cannot be switched on simultaneously and have equal weights are shared. After sharing weights, the control signals are reduced to from 59 to 43 and current sources from 207 to 145.

Different control words are used by the DDFS system in order to generate different frequencies. The control word is successively added to the previous value in a 20-bit accumulator. Nine most significant bits out of these twenty bits are used for the DAC.

Since the Current Steering DAC architecture is suitable for high speed and high resolution purposes, so a 9-bit nonlinear current steering DAC is used to convert the output of bit products to the analog sine wave. Seven bits are used to generate one quarter of the sine wave. Eighth and ninth bits are used to generate the full sine wave.

HCMOS 9 (130 nm) ST Microelectronics process is used by employing high speed NMOS and PMOS transistors. The bit products (control signals) are computed by using complementary static CMOS logic which then act as control signals for the current sources after passing through D-flip flops. Practical design issues of current sources and parts of digital logic were studied and implemented using the Cadence full-custom design environment.

In today’s highly digital world a great undertaking for organizations is the transformation of value processes from the classical analog to the modern digital. How and when does this transformation unfold and could digital innovations within sales processes be a driving force for this transformation. For companies striving to achieve such change how and when transformation is possible is an important question to answer. Drawing on extent research through Vial (2019) and Skog (2019) on digital transformation, we aim to answer this question with a multiple case study design covering five different organizations with ties to a consulting firm that provides digital innovation in the form of Search Engine Optimization, web-site development and sales process development. Using the assumption that the disruption has already happened and that companies need to be ambidextrous we analyze our empirical material through key constructs in Vial’s (2019) process model of digital transformation to get a broader understanding of how and when these innovation processes facilitates responses to environmental change by resulting in digital transformation. We find that within some of these organizations a digital transformation has happened through the innovation process, but we also find that some companies are hindered in the transformation by external variables

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Esta dissertação tem como objeto a preservação de acervos científicos digitais pertencentes às bibliotecas universitárias do Sistema de Bibliotecas e Informação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro SIBI/UFRJ. A pesquisa realizada apresentou os dados consolidados em relação aos acervos das bibliotecas universitárias pertencentes ao sistema, a utilização dos livros eletrônicos dentro da universidade e a preservação digital realizada através da implementação de uma política de preservação digital pertencente ao repositório PANTHEON da UFRJ. A metodologia utilizada foi de cunho exploratório e descritivo procurou identificar as possíveis ações, programas, normas e competências necessárias voltados para a preservação digital no Brasil. Foram analisadas iniciativas importantes em preservação digital no Brasil como a Rede Cariniana/IBICT; a Iniciativa Legatum – projeto do Grupo de pesquisas CRIDI - Cultura, Representação e Informação Digitais; Câmara Técnica de Documentos Eletrônicos (CTDE), subordinada ao Conselho Nacional de Arquivos (CONARQ); Repositório PANTHEON / UFRJ e refletindo-se sobre as relações interdisciplinares entre arquivos e bibliotecas. Ao fim conclui-se que o SIBI está engajado em ações de preservação digital através da implementação do seu repositório institucional possibilitando a preservação de seus acervos científicos e seguindo as normas e padrões nacionais e internacionais que garantem a acessibilidade, integridade, confiabilidade e disseminação da informação.
This dissertation is focused on the preservation of scientific digital collections which belong to the university libraries and information system (Sistema de Bibliotecas e Informação) of Rio de Janeiro’s Federal University (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) SIBI/UFRJ. The research provided consolidated data related to the university’s libraries which integrate the system, the use of electronic books in universities and digital preservation through the implementation of a policy focused on the PANTHEON repository of UFRJ. The methodology used was an exploratory and descriptive research that intended to identify possible actions, programs, norms and necessary competences related to the digital preservation in Brazil. We analysed some significant iniciatives such as: Rede Cariniana/IBICT; Iniciativa Legatum – a research project from Grupo de pesquisas CRIDI - Cultura, Representação e Informação Digitais; Câmara Técnica de Documentos Eletrônicos (CTDE), subordinated to the National Council of Archives (Conselho Nacional de Arquivos - CONARQ); PANTHEON / UFRJ Repository (Repositório PANTHEON / UFRJ) and reflecting on interdisciplinary relationships between archives and libraries. In the end we concluded that SIBI is taking part in actions to digitally preserve collections through the implementation of its institutional repository that enables the preservation of its scientific collections, according to norms and standards, both national and international which guarantee the accessibility, integrity, reliability and information propagation.

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Synchronization plays a crucial role on digital transmission due to its importance for the demodulation in the receiver. This paper proposes a new OFDM frame synchronization method based on a Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We compare the new approach with the correlation method proposed by Shinsuke Hara and Ranjee Prasad for pilot symbols detection. The obtained results have shown a significant FSER (Frame Synchronization Error Rate) increase for any cyclic prefix.
Um dos problemas de difícil solução em transmissão digital – e talvez o principal deles – é o sincronismo entre transmissor e receptor. Sem um sistema de sincronismo não é possível sequer iniciar o processo de demodulação no receptor. Abordaremos neste trabalho a utilização de Redes Neurais Artificiais do tipo RBF (Funções de Base Radial), para a solução de um aspecto deste problema – o sincronismo de frame em sistemas multiportadora, propondo, assim, um novo método de sincronismo que compararemos com o clássico método de sincronismo de frame por correlação. Os resultados demonstraram uma melhora considerável na FSER (Frame Synchronization Error Rate) do método proposto em relação ao método de sincronismo por correlação, para qualquer duração de intervalo de guarda (IG).

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2015.
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Os projetos das arquiteturas digitais firmam-se nas características inscritas nos códigos e com regras internas específicas, nas quais nessas instruções foram dados à máquina certos graus de autonomia. Assim, a hipótese desse trabalho partiu do princípio dos agenciamentos flexíveis de regras, nas quais os códigos computacionais são capazes de propiciar a criação de estruturas abstratas imprevisíveis (não possíveis de serem alcançadas pelo raciocínio humano sem a assistência dos computadores) e esse caráter complexo contém fundamentos similares aos das artes. Como um tipo de metáfora cultural, a arquitetura digital pode materializar signos de uma diversidade muito grande de referentes e, subjazem à forma o desejo de uma expressão traduzida num caráter de beleza. Mesmo em casos experimentais ou de investigação poética, essa abordagem está inserida no contexto das técnicas e processos de produção do ambiente construído. Nessa tese são realizadas análises dos processos digitais, apresentando os conceitos e elementos fundantes de trabalhos bastante heterogêneos: MRGD Architects, Tom Wiscombe Architecture, Zaha Hadid Architects, Jerry Tate Architects e Kokkugia. As discussões dessas arquiteturas digitais são realizadas pelos conceitos do signo arquitetônico segundo categorias da sintaxe, semântica e pragmática da semiótica de Charles William Morris, e outras abordagens de Charles Sanders Pierce. Acrescentam-se também os estudos de Branko Kolarevic, Antoine Picon, Umberto Eco, Greg Lynn, Toni Kotnik, Pierre Lévy, Abraham Moles, Bryan Lawson, Vilém Flusser e outros. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The projects of digital architectures are underpinned by the characteristics given in the code and with specific internal rules in which those instructions were given to certain degrees of autonomy machine. Thus, the hypothesis of this study assumed the flexible assemblages of rules, in which computer codes are able to promote the creation of unpredictable abstract structures (not able to be reached by human reason without the assistance of computers) that contains complex character grounds similar to the arts. As a kind of cultural metaphor, digital architecture can materialize signs of a very wide range of related and underlying the way the desire for expression translated into a character of beauty. Even in experimental or poetic investigation cases, this approach fits into the context of the technical and the built environment production processes. In this thesis of digital processes is analyzed, presenting the concepts and founding elements of very heterogeneous work: MRGD Architects, Tom Wiscombe Architecture, Zaha Hadid Architects, Jerry Tate Architects and Kokkugia. Discussions of these digital architectures are performed by the concepts of architectural sign second syntax categories, semantics and pragmatics of Charles William Morris semiotics, and other approaches of Charles Sanders Pierce. They add also the studies of Branko Kolarevic, Antoine Picon, Umberto Eco, Greg Lynn, Toni Kotnik, Pierre Lévy, Abraham Moles, Bryan Lawson, Vilém Flusser and others.

Orientador: Fabio Violaro
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: A codificação digital de sinais de voz a baixas taxas (16 [Kbits/s ou menores), com qualidade comparável aos sistemas em uso atualmente (PCM a 64 Kbits/s), ADPCM a 32 Kbits/s), é um dos objetivos que se pretende atingir em pouco tempo. Os Codificadores de sub-bandas se apresentam como bons candidatos para alcançar este objetivo, preenchendo o vazio que existe entre sofisticados codificadores de baixas taxas que trabalham no domínio da freqüência, como codificadores ATC (Adaptive Transform Codlng), e codificadores simples, porém de altas taxas, que trabalham no domínio do tempo, como PCM, APCM, ADM, ADPCM, etc. Este trabalho trata dos codificadores de sub-bandas aplicados a sinais de voz e das questões que dizem respeito a seu projeto e desempenho
Abstract: Digital coding of speech at low bit rate (16 Kbits/s or less). whose performance could be comparable to today's digital systems (64 Kbits/s) PCM, 32 Kbits/s ADPCM)is one of the objectives to be achieved in the ver~ near future. The sub-band coders lead themselves as good candidates for this purpose. bridging the gap between complex low bit rate coders. working in the frequency domain (such as the Adaptive Transform Coding - ATC) and the simple. but high bit rate coders. working in the time domain (such as PCM, APCM, ADM, ADPCM, etc). ThiS work investigates the sub-band speech coders and the questions related to their design and performance
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Turbo códigos têm se tornado um importante ramo na pesquisa de codificação de canal e já foram adotados como padrão para a terceira geração de comunicação móvel. Devido ao seu alto ganho de codificação, os turbo códigos são vistos como fortes candidatos a serem adotados como padrão das futuras gerações de redes sem fio. Esse esquema de codificação é baseado na decodificação iterativa, onde decodificadores de entrada e saída suaves produzem refinamento da informação a cada iteração. Essa dissertação apresenta resultados de um estudo comparativo entre dois esquemas de codificação: turbo códigos de bloco e turbo códigos convolucionais. Os resultados mostram que os dois esquemas de codificação têm desempenho funcional complementar, sendo importante a especificação de um alvo em termos de relação sinal/ruído ou taxa de erro de bits para a escolha do esquema de codificação mais adequado. Com o mesmo modelo em linguagem de programação C foi feita uma exploração do algoritmo visando diminuição do consumo de potência. Essa exploração em parte foi feita segundo uma metodologia de exploração sistemática das possibilidades de transferência e armazenamento de dados (DTSE). Com a exploração, a redução total de consumo de potência para o armazenamento de dados foi estimada em 34%.
Turbo codes have become an important branch on channel coding research and have been adopted as standard in the third generation of mobile communication systems. Due to their high coding gain, turbo codes are expected to be part of the next generations of wireless networks standards. This coding scheme is based on iterative decoding, as soft input/soft output decoders produce an information refinement in each iteration. This dissertation shows the results of a comparative performance study of two different turbo coding schemes: block turbo codes and convolutional turbo codes. The results obtained show that the two schemes have complementary performance. It is necessary to specify a target in terms of bit error rate or signal/noise ratio. With the same C model an exploration aiming at reducing power consumption was done. Part of this exploration was done following a systematic methodology of data transfer and storage exploration (DTSE). With this exploration, a reduction of 34% on power consumption was estimated.

Optimum filter-and-sum beamforming is useful for array systems that suffer from spatially correlated noise and interference over large bandwidth. The set of finite impulse response (FIR) filter coefficients used to implement the optimum filter-and-sum beamformer are selected to optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce interference from the certain directions. However, these array systems may also be vulnerable to dispersion caused by physical components such as antennas and cables, especially when the dispersion is unequal between sensors. The unequal responses can be equalized by using FIR filters. Although the problems of optimum-SNR beamforming, interference mitigation, and per-sensor dispersion have previously been individually investigated, their combined effects and strategies for mitigating their combined effects do not seem to have been considered. In this dissertation, combination strategies for optimum filter-and-sum beamforming and sensor dispersion correction are investigated. Our objective is to simultaneously implement optimum filter-and-sum beamforming and per-sensor dispersion correction using a single FIR filter per sensor. A contribution is to reduce overall filter length, possibly also resulting in a significant reduction in implementation complexity, power consumption, and cost. Expressions for optimum filter-and-sum beamforming weights and per-sensor dedispersion filter coefficients are derived. One solution is found via minimax optimization. To assess feasibility, the cost is analyzed in terms of filter length. These designs are considered in the context of LWA1, the first ``station'' of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA) radio telescope, consisting of 512 bowtie-type antennas and operating at frequencies between 10 MHz and 88 MHz. However, this work is applicable to a variety of systems which suffer from non-white spatial noise and directional interference and are vulnerable to sensor dispersion; e.g., sonar arrays, HF/VHF-band riometers, radar arrays, and other radio telescopes.
Ph. D.

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The target of the present research work is to analyse the artistic aspect of still digital image art. Still images are the most antique form of human art, and their origin is pre-historical. To evidence principals, development and importance of painting and gravure techniques, and to trace parallels with the most recent technologies of still digital image, was the fundamental base to point out and discuss the ontology of this new form of art, which is expressed through human need to create images and through the desire of getting them stilled in time and space. Its peculiar poetics resulting from its semioptical interrelations, i.e., the creative procedures and artistic language were also analysed in order to prove the value of this contemporaneous art. Finally, were presented the work and the artistic creations of Roman Verostko, exponent of the still digital image art. Concluded were the artistic and universal value of such art whose expression and search for knowledge, common to every art are found in this special form of art, which is in deep harmony with the technological society of our time.
O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objeto os aspectos característicos da Imagem Digital Fixa como forma de arte. Imagens fixas são a forma mais antiga de arte humana, e sua origem remonta à pré-história. Evidenciar seus princípios, seu desenvolvimento ao longo do tempo e sua importância, especificamente, nas técnicas da pintura e da gravura, traçando paralelos com as novas tecnologias da imagem digital fixa foi fundamental para determinar sua Ontologia, expressa na necessidade de criar imagens, no desejo de fixá-las no tempo-espaço, e a poética própria a essas imagens, fruto de suas inter-relações semióticas. Foram analisados seus processos criativos e a linguagem artística própria de que ela se utiliza. Ao final, apresentou-se a trajetória e a obra de Roman Verostko, expoente dessa arte, e chegou-se a conclusão de seu valor artístico e universal, como forma de expressão e busca de conhecimento, próprias da arte em geral, e que nela encontram-se em consonância com a sociedade tecnológica de nossos dias.

Varje år försvinner tusentals personer. År 2017 anmäldes 7100 personer som försvunna i Sverige. De allra flesta återfinns inom sex månader, men i genomsnitt 30 personer återfinns aldrig. Svensk polis deltar i sökningar efter minst 300 personer varje år. Polisen samarbetar i sina sökinsatser med försvarsmakten och andra organisationer som Missing People. Missing People som har över 60 000 personer anmälda som volontära sökare, hjälper till genom, bland annat, anordna skallgångskedjor. I detta examensarbete, undersöks verktyg och tekniker som skulle kunna komma till användning vid sökinsatser. Examensarbetet undersöker verktyg som finns tillgängliga i Google Maps API1 för att se hur det går att visualisera hur ett område är sökt och hur länge sedan det genomsöktes. Tre visualiseringstekniker från Google Maps API implementeras och testas för ändamålet. Teknikerna är Heatmaps, Polygons och Circles. Varje teknik implementeras och testas mot ett antal identifierade krav i en iteration. Kraven är framtagna genom att analysera frågeställningen mot de relaterade arbeten, webbplatser och artiklar som detta examensarbete byggt sin bakgrund på. Slutsatsen visar att Heatmaps från Google Maps API inte fyller den önskade funktionen. Om heatmaps ska användas kan ett annat kartverktyg än google maps behöva användas eftersom Google Maps Heatmaps-verktyg inte går att ställa så att de passar kraven som satts upp. Polygons misslyckas på ett av testerna, vilket kan gå att lösa med en algoritm för att förstora polygonen. Circles fungerar efter kraven och kan användas på önskvärt vis. Det krävs dock mer forskning för att vidareutveckla hur verktyget hade kunnat användas i ett skarpt läge.

Studiens begynnelsepunkt är förskollärares resonemang kring digital och fysisk barnlitteratur i förskolan som pedagogiskt verktyg. I studien kommer vi beröra betydande ämnen gällande läsupplevelsen och valt att i resultatdelen och i diskussionen använda oss av rubrikerna läsupplevelse hemifrån, pedagogiska samtal i relation till barnlitteratur, läsmiljöns betydelse och fånga barns intresse. Forskning visar att användning av digitala böcker ökar med tiden och att digital läsning i samma utsträckning som fysisk läsning i framtiden antagningsvis kommer användas för att främja barns läs och språkutveckling (Schlebbe 2018, s. 1). Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att undersöka förskollärares resonemang kring digital och fysisk barnlitteratur som pedagogiskt verktyg och hur förskollärarna använder sig av digital och fysisk barnlitteratur i förskolan. Vidare är vårt syfte med denna studie att utifrån förskollärares erfarenhet och upplevelse undersöka skillnader och likheter i relation till läsupplevelsen beroende på fysiska eller digitala barnböcker. Med hjälp av forskningsmetoden fokusgruppsamtal samt intervju genomförde vi en kvalitativ studie där samtliga förskollärare i fokusgruppen och intervjun diskuterade och samtalade utifrån egna erfarenheter och resonemang kring fysisk och digital barnlitteratur som pedagogiskt verktyg. Vidare undersöktes respondenternas erfarenhet gällande skillnader och likheter i relation till läsupplevelsen beroende på om förskolläraren väljer att använda digital eller fysisk barnbok. I fokusgrupperna deltog sju förskollärare från tre olika förskolor i Hallands län. I intervjun deltog en förskollärare från en förskola i Hallands län. Resultatet visar att samtliga förskolor använder fysiska barnböcker i större utsträckning än digitala barnböcker och att förskollärarna i vår studie hellre använder sig av digitala barnböcker vid de tillfällen barngruppen är flest i antal. Förskollärarna skiljer på digitala barnböcker och digitala verktyg och menar att digitala verktyg används med annat syfte än för bokläsning såsom infosökning och dokumentation. Resultatet visar även att samtliga förskollärare upplever att fysiska barnböcker är ett bra verktyg för givande pedagogiska samtal och att det finns en markant skillnad mellan digitala barnböcker samt fysiska barnböcker i relation till läsupplevelsen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-202).
Scaling of process technologies to deep sub-micron dimensions has made power management a significant concern for circuit designers. For emerging low power applications such as distributed micro-sensor networks or medical applications, low energy operation is the primary concern instead of speed, with the eventual goal of harvesting energy from the environment. Sub-threshold operation offers a promising solution for ultra-low-energy applications because it often achieves the minimum energy per operation. While initial explorations into sub-threshold circuits demonstrate its promise, sub-threshold circuit design remains in its infancy. This thesis makes several contributions that make sub-threshold design more accessible to circuit designers. First, a model for energy consumption in sub-threshold provides an analytical solution for the optimum VDD to minimize energy. Fitting this model to a generic circuit allows easy estimation of the impact of processing and environmental parameters on the minimum energy point. Second, analysis of device sizing for sub-threshold circuits shows the trade-offs between sizing for minimum energy and for minimum voltage operation.
(cont.) A programmable FIR filter test chip fabricated in 0.18pum bulk CMOS provides measurements to confirm the model and the sizing analysis. Third, a low-overhead method for integrating sub-threshold operation with high performance applications extends dynamic voltage scaling across orders of magnitude of frequency and provides energy scalability down to the minimum energy point. A 90nm bulk CMOS test chip confirms the range of operation for ultra-dynamic voltage scaling. Finally, sub-threshold operation is extended to memories. Analysis of traditional SRAM bitcells and architectures leads to development of a new bitcell for robust sub-threshold SRAM operation. The sub-threshold SRAM is analyzed experimentally in a 65nm bulk CMOS test chip.
by Benton H. Calhoun.
Ph.D.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the conditions of new employees during a digital onboarding process and the effects the digital format have on the results of the onboarding process. We performed a qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews. The study was conducted in an IT department in the public sector that worked consciously with a formal onboarding structure and whose work was mainly carried out remotely during COVID-19. We found that the organization succeeds well in communicating resources and information about the organization digitally and that the biggest challenges lay in communicating organizational culture, social connections and informal knowledge in distributed work. When new employees find it difficult to create interpersonal connectivity, they lose informal knowledge and social support that had been available for on-site work, which also leads to difficulties in understanding the organizational culture. Based on our results, we recommend increased work with social meeting points to enable interpersonal connectivity and informal information exchange, compilation of common systems, programs and abbreviations for new employees to more quickly understand the organization's language, increased work with pre-onboarding to use the important first time to strengthen employee experience and more opportunities for concrete practice together with, for example, a mentor or colleagues to more quickly acquire knowledge and get a clearer picture of what is expected in the new work role and informal knowledge in distributed work.

Orientadores: Jacques M. E. Vielliard, Fausto Berzin
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, utilizando-se da artrosonografia, os fenômenos sonoros articulares do joelho, através de processamento digital. Participaram da pesquisa, duzentos e quinze (215) voluntários de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 a 75 anos, sendo que destes, cento e quarenta e cinco (145) relataram a ausência de qualquer tipo de disfunção articular e setenta (70) eram portadores de doenças reumáticas. As gravações dos sons articulares do joelho foram obtidas através da utilização de um microfone de condensador ultradirecional "Sennheiser" e de um gravador analógico Kudeslki S.A, em uma sala acústica do Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP. Posteriormente as gravações foram tratadas e analisadas no laboratório de Bio-acústica do Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biologia da UNICAMP. Neste estudo, em princípio, tanto os indivíduos sem história de disfunção particular, classificados como portadores de joelhos "assintomáticos", quanto os indivíduos portadores de doença reumática, classificados como portadores de joelhos "sintomáticos", foram analisados como fazendo parte de uma amostra comum, devido ao fato de que no momento, este estudo se preocupou apenas em identificar, reconhecer e analisar os fenômenos sonoros articulares observados. Do total da amostra, observou-se joelhos com um padrão articular silencioso, nos quais ocorreu uma ausência completa de qualquer fenômeno sonoro audível e joelhos com padrão articular fraco, médio e forte, estes classificados de acordo com a maior ou menor quantidade de fenômenos sonoros presentes nas gravações. Com relação ao tempo, foram observados fenômenos sonoros de curta duração: o estalido, o estalo e o baque articular e de longa duração, a crepitação articular. Os fenômenos sonoros articulares observados no joelho em movimento, foram analisados em função de três parâmetros: a sua forma de onda, o seu espectro de freqüência e a sua densidade espectral de potência, esta, somente para aqueles de curta duração. Ficou demonstrado através dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, que a utilização da técnica artrosonográfica para a gravação dos sons articulares é eficiente, permitindo caracterizar adequadamente os fenômenos sonoros articulares do joelho. 'Para o propósito desta pesquisa, o microfone de fato, se mostrou um instrumento eficiente e adequado, durante as gravações na aquisição do som articular do joelho, isto porque ele registra todas as suas características intrínsecas, permitindo identificar cada fenômeno sonoro de sua composição com clareza
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the knees articular sonorous phenomena, through arthrosonography, using digital processes. Two hundred and fifteen (215) volunteers, of both sexes, with ages varying between 10 and 75, participated in this study. From this total, 145 volunteers didn't have a historic of articular diseases and 70 had rheumatic diseases. The recording of the knees articular sounds was obtained in an a,coustic chamber, using a Sennheiser ultradirectional condenser microphone and a Kudelski . analogic tape recorder. The recordings were subsequently transferred to a Taskam digital tape recorder and then to a microcomputer, in order to be handled and analyzed. The results obtained indicated that both the knees of the volunteers without articular diseases (assymptomatic knee) and the ones of those with rheumatic diseases (symptomatic knees) could be included in a common classification. This is due to the fact that the purpose of this study was only to identify, recognize and analyze the articular sonorous phenomena observed. Concerning the time scale, during the knee movement, articular sonorous phenomena of short duration, such as claps, cracks and thuds, could be observed. In these cases, the duration of the sound remained between 0.02 and 0.04 seconds. Sonorous long time knee phenomena, with duration of about 1.0 second, such as articular crepitation, were present. Knees were classified as "sonorous silence type", when the total absence of articular sonorous phenomena was registered by the microphone in the recordings. Knees were classified as "weak, medium and strong sonorous type" depending on the minar or major presence of articular noises in the recordings. Three parameters were used in the analysis of those articular sounds: waveforms, frequency noise spectrum and potential spectra density. The potential spectra density was used only to analyze short time phenomena. The results of this study showed that the arthrosonography technique is, a good toei for recording and analyzing articular sounds produced during the knees movements, allowing a good characterization of articular sonorous phenomena. For the purpose of this study, the microphone proved to be a good transducer in terms of frequency and dynamic sensitivities, for utilization in human joint emissions, since it captures ali the characteristics of the articular sounds, allowing the identification of each acoustic phenomenon through its spectral composition
Doutorado
Doutor em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental

O Centro de Memória Regional do Judiciário (CMRJU) é um arquivo permanente, guarda e preserva processos judiciais que versam sobre ações cíveis e criminais da comarca Caxias do Sul e Região no período de 1882 a 2003. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e divulgar o acervo do CMRJU como um espaço que desenvolve ações educativas, com o fim de sensibilizar alunos, professores e a comunidade sobre a importância de preservar o patrimônio documental do Poder Judiciário, promovendo reflexões sobre a justiça, cidadania e preservação da memória. Nesse sentido, algumas ações são realizadas com alunos da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, guardiã desse acervo, além das visitas mediadas com turmas do Ensino Médio e Fundamental das redes Pública e Privada. Pretende-se qualificar ainda mais essas atividades, para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas em alguns arquivos e museus, em seus espaços físicos e virtuais, à procura de informações que pudessem contribuir com o trabalho. A análise obtida desses locais indicou um caminho potencial para trabalhar com propostas de ações educativas, direcionadas à Educação Patrimonial em arquivos, sobretudo, aqueles que guardam documentos judiciais. Esses processos que serviram à Justiça, agora são fontes promissoras para a historiografia local e regional. Entendendo o espaço do CMRJU como um local não-formal de ensino, a proposta é utilizá-lo com o fim de complementar o ensino de história fora da sala de aula. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas quatro ações para serem realizadas no espaço do CMRJU, pois, acredita-se que as experiências adquiridas em arquivos auxiliam na construção dos saberes. Para atrair o público-alvo, optou-se pela criação de um blog que é uma ferramenta rápida e eficiente no sentido de dar publicidade às ações educativas realizadas e difundir o acervo do Poder Judiciário.
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The Center for Regional Judicial Memory (CMRJU) is a permanent archive, which maintains and preserves legal proceedings relating to civil and criminal actions in the Caxias do Sul and Region, from 1882 to 2003. The objective of this work is to investigate and analyze the CMRJU collection as a space to develop educational actions, in order to sensitize students, teachers and the community about the importance of preserving the documentary heritage of the Judiciary, promoting reflections on justice, citizenship and preservation of memory. In this sense, some actions are carried out with students of the University of Caxias do Sul, guardian of this collection, in addition to the mediated visits with classes of high school and fundamental of the public and private networks. It is intended to further qualify these activities, for which, research was conducted in some archives and museums, in their physical and virtual spaces, looking for information that could contribute to the work. The analysis obtained from these sites indicated a potential path to work with proposals for educational actions, directed to Heritage Education in archives, especially those who keep court documents. These processes that served Justice, are now promising sources for local and regional historiography. Understanding the space of the CMRJU as a non-formal teaching location, the proposal is to use it in order to complement the teaching of history outside the classroom. For this, four actions were developed to be carried out in the space of the CMRJU, because it is believed that the experiences acquired in archives help in the construction of knowledge. To attract the target audience, we opted for the creation of a blog that is a fast and efficient tool to publicize the educational actions carried out and to disseminate the collection of the Judiciary.

For many people, a good game is synonymous with good graphics. One thing that is often forgotten, is that the graphics only makes up one part of the games. An aspect of the games that is far to often forgotten, is the game’s content and ability to tell stories. Through analyses of the games of the Zelda series, the development of content and storytelling aspects of computer- and video games, since the later half of the 1980:s and up till today, are examined.

Bra spel är för många synonymt med bra grafik. Något som allt för ofta glöms bort är att grafiken bara är en del av det hela. En aspekt av spelen som ofta glöms bort, är dess innehåll och möjligheter att berätta historier. Genom grundliga analyser av spelen i Zelda-serien undersöks hur berättandet inom TV-spelen sett ut, och förändrats sedan andra halvan av 1980-talet och fram tills idag.

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The study, using a descriptive, exploratory design, was developed in a case study approach and performed in a quanti-qualitative methodology with an interventional analysis in a longitudinal perspective. Its main objective was to analyze the effect of an errorless learning methodology in a program of digital inclusion workshops for aged people trying to find, therefore, arguments to confirm the thesis that the errorless learning technique supports computer-related learning in digital inclusion workshops for elderly people. The sample consisted of 25 elderly people divided in two groups (14/11), named Group 1 and 2, with mean age of 68 years. Concerning to the education level, 11 of them were graduates. It was observed that 13 people participating of group 1 had a computer and 11 from group 2 did. During the development of the intentional intervention tasks, data were collected through participant observation, perceiving the progress and difficulties of each student at every meeting and describing it in evaluation forms. Each operation developed was requested the same number of times so it was possible to observe which computer-related activities were more and less successful. Quantitative data contained in the evaluation forms and socio-demographic data from groups 1 and 2 were subjected to descriptive statistics treatment, the tests with inferential statistics analysis (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test, when necessary, and categorical data with the Chi-Square Test).The effects of methodological approach in the digital inclusion workshops on the learning process showed by the aged people were analyzed according to the Student t test for independent samples. The effect of digital inclusion workshops on cognitive aspects of the aged people who participated in this study was analyzed with the Student t test for independent samples. The measures have been presented by mean ± standard error, p<0,05 and it was considered significative, which means the method was efficient. In order to complement, qualitative data were analyzed according to the Analysis of Content proposed by Bardin demonstrating that the aged people appreciated the method and they felt included because they could learn without the fear of making a mistake. Self esteem increase, joy and sharing between colleagues were also observed among the participants.
O estudo, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, foi desenvolvido na abordagem de um Estudo de Caso, adotando uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa, com a Intervenção de cunho longitudinal. Teve como objetivo geral analisar o efeito de uma metodologia de aprendizagem sem erro em Oficinas de Inclusão Digital para idosos buscando, assim, argumentos para a confirmação da tese de que a técnica de aprendizado sem erro auxilia no ensino de Informática em Oficinas de Inclusão Digital de idosos. A amostra foi constituída por vinte e cinco idosos, divididos em dois grupos (14/11), nomeados por Grupos 1 e 2, apresentando média de idade de sessenta e oito anos, sendo que onze possuem curso universitário completo. Em relação à Informática, foi observado que treze idosos do Grupo 1 possuíam computador e onze do Grupo 2. Durante o desenvolvimento das atividades de Intervenção intencional, os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante, acompanhando os progressos e as dificuldades de cada um dos alunos e pontuando, a cada encontro, em uma Ficha de Avaliação de Rendimento. Cada operação desenvolvida foi solicitada com o mesmo número de vezes e, dessa forma, foi possível observar quais atividades de ensino em Informática foram as que tiveram maior êxito e/ou déficits. Os dados quantitativos da Ficha Informativa com os dados sócio-demográficos dos Grupos 1 e 2 receberam tratamento de Estatística Descritiva, com os Testes com análise de Estatística Inferencial (ANOVA seguida do teste post hoc de Tukey, quando necessário, e os dados categóricos com teste Qui-quadrado. ).Os efeitos (número de erros nas situações de teste) da abordagem metodológica das Oficinas de Inclusão Digital sobre o aprendizado dos idosos foram analisados pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes. O efeito das Oficinas de Inclusão Digital nos aspectos cognitivos dos idosos que participaram delas com Teste t de Student para amostras (IN)dependentes. Todos os resultados foram expressos com média + erro padrão, p<0,05, sendo considerado que houve uma diferença significativa, isto é, o método mostrou-se eficaz. Complementarmente, os qualitativos com Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, revelando que apreciaram o método, sentiram-se incluídos, aprenderam sem temor, foi mais prazeroso trabalhar sem erro, pois ficaram sem receio de errar, melhora na autoestima, sentimentos de alegria e partilha com colegas.

O vídeo digital vem se inserindo gradativamente no contexto da educação presencial e a distância. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa objetiva analisar, dentre as propostas contempladas nos 15 editais propostos pela SEAD/UFRGS, e que cobrem o período de 2001 a 2011, aquelas que tenham este tipo de Objeto de Aprendizagem na sua concepção, bem como seus espaços de armazenamento e disseminação, com vistas a verificar sua funcionalidade. O referencial teórico contextualiza os temas: imagem digital; vídeo e vídeo digital – evolução, armazenamento e disseminação; vídeo educativo; repositórios de vídeo; Objetos de Aprendizagem; além de abordar a SEAD/UFRGS, enquanto órgão responsável pelos editais. O estudo tem caráter exploratório com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa utilizando questionário para a coleta de dados. Os sujeitos da pesquisa detêm-se em quatro projetos contemplados pelos editais da SEAD/UFRGS. Levanta dados sobre aspectos da produção, da disponibilização e do uso do vídeo criado/desenvolvido. Busca entender como se deu a participação da SEAD no processo de produção, armazenamento e disponibilização. Como resultado estabelece que o uso do vídeo digital ainda não é uma prática constante entre os docentes, quer seja em sala de aula ou em ambientes de Educação a Distância, mas verifica que o professor considera este um recurso importante no ensino; que o docente não tem, ainda, o hábito de fazer trabalhos colaborativos neste meio, mas entende como importante produzir desta forma. Sinaliza que os respondentes não fazem parte de redes ou comunidades virtuais relacionadas ao produto vídeo digital; que consideram importante ter seus vídeos disponíveis em Repositórios Institucionais, mas, no entanto, não tem nenhum canal próprio nos repositórios de vídeo disponíveis. Conclui, pelos dados coletados, que aqueles que já tiveram alguma experiência com o uso do vídeo continuarão a investir neste tipo de material institucional. Relaciona as contribuições que o estudo traz às diferentes áreas no contexto das universidades. Sugere novos estudos, aprofundando as análises, abordando outros temas ligados ao uso do vídeo, em especial voltado à disseminação da produção científica.
Digital video has been gradually introduced in the context of both distance and presence education. Thus this research aims to analyze, among the proposals covered in 15 invitations to bid offered by SEAD/UFRGS, and covering the period 2001 to 2011, those who have this type of learning object in its conceiving, as well as spaces of storage and dissemination, in order to verify its functionality. The theoretical framework contextualizes the themes: digital image, video and digital video – evolution, storage and distribution; educational video; video repositories; learning objects; apart from discussing SEAD/UFRGS as the body responsible for the invitation to bid. The study has an exploratory nature based in quantitative and qualitative approach, by using a questionnaire to collect data. Its subjects are four projects covered by the SEAD/UFRGS’s invitations to bid. It collects data on aspects of production, availability and use of the created or developed videos. It seeks to understand how was the SEAD participation in the production, storage and release process. As a result states that the use of digital video is not yet an established practice among teachers, whether in the classroom or in distance learning environments, but remarks that the teacher considers it an important resource in teaching; also that the he does not has the habit of doing collaborative work in this medium, but understands how important is to produce this way. It indicates that the respondents are not part of networks or virtual communities related to digital video products; as well that they consider important to have their videos available in institutional repositories, although they have no dedicated channel video available in the repositories. It concludes, based on the data collected, that those who have already had some experience with the use of video will continue to invest in this type of institutional material. It lists the contributions that the study brings to the different areas in the academic field. It suggests further studies to deepen the review by addressing other subjects related to the use of video, particularly focused on the dissemination of scientific production.

Ett förnyande av förskolans läroplan (Skolverket, 2018) där begreppen undervisning och digital kompetens skrevs in och förtydligades ledde oss till frågor om vad kan det innebära att arbeta med digitala verktyg i förskolan och hur den nya digitala tekniken tas emot av förskollärare. Denna studie undersöker förskollärares attityder till digitala verktyg som en del av förskolans undervisning och om förskollärares ålder påverkar inställningen till de digitala verktygen. Genom en kvantitativ enkätstudie där 89 verksamma förskollärare deltog sammanställdes deras svar. I denna studie vill vi beskriva och undersöka om det går att synliggöra olika samband vilket utfördes genom korstabeller.  Resultatet av denna studie visar att förskollärares ålder och synen på den egna digitala kompetensen inte påverkar användandet av digitala verktyg i någon större utsträckning. Förskollärares attityd till att arbeta med digitala verktyg i förskolans undervisning är positiv då många använder digitala verktyg i sin undervisning och ganska ofta. I studiens resultat framgår det att förskollärare överlag tycker att digitala verktyg kan ha en positiv inverkan i barns språkutveckling. En möjlig generationsklyfta blir inte synlig i denna studie då resultatet påvisar att det inte finns någon större skillnad mellan förskollärares ålder och hur förskollärare skattar sin egen digitala kompetens.

En IT-styrd lager och orderhantering är idag vanligt, metoden för att ta emot leveranser har dock sett likadan ut länge. Man använder sig oftast av streckkoder/QR-koder eller rent manuell hantering med penna och papper. Radio frequency identification (RFID) möjliggör en trådlös och autonom avläsning av gods som är taggade. Tekniken har funnits länge men har under senaste år visats sig få en mer positiv trend, där mer och mer objekt blir taggade. Samarbetspartnern i denna studie Fiskarhedenvillan använder sig idag av ett helt manuellt system för inleveranser av gods på deras distributionscentral. De vill nu börja deras digitalisering av distributionscentralen genom att undersöka möjligheten att införa ett RFID-system som metod för hantering av gods vid inleveranser. Denna studie har i samarbete med Sogeti och Fiskarhedenvillan genomförts för att identifiera möjligheter och faktorer och undersöka ifall en implementation är möjlig. Intervjuer har genomförts med nyckelpersoner inom vad som kallats ”världens bästa RFID-projekt”. Från slutsatserna identifieras ett antal utmaningar kring processer av flöden som måste uppdateras för att kunna dra full nytta utav ett RFID-system. Vidare så blir RFID teknik som metod för inleverans av gods sällan mer effektivt, man måste också börja kolla på arbetssätt och börja utveckla de nuvarande processerna för att kunna utnyttja fördelarna med RFID. Då möjligheten att gardera sig mot en icke fulländad logistik-kedja med kombinerad tagg/streckkods-etikett samtidigt som mer och mer blir taggat gör det att RFID-system blir mer direkt användbara. Implementeringar underlättas av befintliga beprövade standarder. Kritiska faktorer att beakta inför implementering innebär bland annat omgivningsanalys och att implementeringar utav RFID-system ofta har stor inverkan på hela kedjan. Vidare identifieras möjligheter som tidigare beprövade system och en positiv trend för implementeringar inom RFID-tekniken.
An IT-controlled warehouse and order management is today common, however, the method for receiving deliveries has looked the same for a long time. You usually use bar codes / QR codes or purely manual handling with pen and paper. Radio frequency identification (RFID) enables a wireless and autonomous reading of goods that have been tagged. The technology has been aorund for a long time but has been shown to have a more positive trend in recent years, where more and more objects are being tagged. The partner in this study Fiskarhedenvillan today uses a completely manual system for deliveries of goods at their distibution center. They now want to start their digitalization of the distribution center by examining the posibility of introducing an RFID-system as a method for hondling goods at deliveries. This study, in collaboration with Sogeti and Fiskarhedenvillan, has been carried out to identify opportunities and factors and to investigate wether an implemantation is possible. Interviews have been conducted with key personell within what has been called ”the world’s best RFID project”. From the conclusions, a number of challenges are identified around processes of flows that must be updated to be able to take full advantage of an RFID system. Futhermore, RFID technology as a method for receiving goods rarely becomes more efficient unless the processes between flows are changed or updated, and the working methods should also be looked upon to be able to utilize the advantages of RFID. Since the possibility of gourding against an uncompleted logistics chain with a combined tag / barcode label at the same time as more and more objects are being tagged, it makes RFID systems more directly usable. Implementations are facilitated by existing proven standards. Critical factors to consider prior to implementation include environmental analysis and that implementations of RFID systems often have a great impact on the entire chain. Furthermore, opportunities are identified as previously proven systems and a positive trend for implementations in the RFID field.

Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer där sju lärare i fritidshem på en skola fick berätta om sin upplevelse och tolkning av digital kompetens. Syftet med studien var att undersöka fritidshemslärarnas perspektiv på begreppet digital kompetens samt deras resonemang kring arbetet med ett digitaliserat fritidshem och de möjligheter och utmaningar som tillkommer med det arbetet. För att kunna analysera fritidshemslärarnas utsagor grundar vi studien i fenomenologi samt TPACK modellen (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) för att sätta deras utsagor i ett ramverk för analys. Utifrån lärarnas upplevelser har vi genom TPACK kunnat analysera att lärarna besitter kunskap om hur de ska bedriva en digital verksamhet. Vi har däremot hittat att intresse och motivation ligger till grund för hur mycket lärarna använder digitala verktyg i verksamheten. Lärarna visade sig vara positivt inställda till användningen av digitala verktyg i undervisningen däremot har även kritiska aspekter visat sig tydliga hos lärarna där de ser att eleverna har andra behov. Utifrån lärarnas utsagor om utmaningar och möjligheter har vi kunnat identifiera andra yttre faktorer som påverkar upplägget i verksamheten som riktlinjer och samhället.

Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur och på vilka sätt modeföretag kan marknadsföra sig via digitala medier för att skapa närmare kontakt och påverka kundernas köpbeteende. Undersökningen är baserad på en kvalitativ metod i form av sex intervjuer. Intervjuerna bygger på fyra huvudgrupper i processen av användandet av digitala medier. Respondenterna som medverkat i intervjuerna är alla på något sätt aktiva eller har kunskap inom digitala medier. Studien visar på en problematisering om huruvida utvecklingen av digitala medier påverkar modeföretag eller inte. Samhällets digitalisering innebär både negativa och positiva effekter för modeföretagen. De positiva effekterna inkluderar bland annat möjligheten för modeföretag att ha en snabb kommunikation med kunderna, samt att det går oerhört snabbt att nå ut med budskap till omvärlden. Baksidan av detta är att även negativa budskap sprids lika fort, samt att kunden ställer högre krav på att modeföretag ska vara kontaktbara dygnet runt. Resultatet av studien är att digitala medier är en otrolig tillgång för modeföretag, framförallt gällande kommunikation med kunder och marknadsföring.

Abstract Saker som inte finns och saker som inte har hänt (II) Things that do not exist and things that haven´t happened (II) It feels like I have a bulb of glass around my head. I'm in the real world but still I am not. My head is in another dimension. I can see that my body is moving but the movement feels unreal and disconnected. Sounds are distorted – a sound from my head lies like a layer over all the sounds around me. To be in the real world but not belonging, a place where sounds and movements feel different and strange. It´s a quiet state, a secret panic that doesn’t show itself outwards. You must wait, it will eventually pass.   My bachelor project is about a psychological state, which I call bathroom-psychosis. It’s about being traumatised by sexual abuse. My work is about what happens afterwards, when the trauma is not present. It’s about the human mind's ability to shut off and block difficult states but its lacking ability to take care of the mind fully. It’s a silent panic, turned inwards – inside the own body. It´s a secret. A feeling you must suffocate. It must be hidden.

Bibvirt, Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante Brasileiro, é uma atividade em andamento da Escola do Futuro, Laboratório de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O presente estudo pretende determinar se esta biblioteca virtual, iniciada em 1997 e disponível gratuitamente através da Internet (www.bibvirt.futuro.usp.br), atingiu seus objetivos originais, suas necessidades e desejos. O número reduzido de bibliotecas escolares, públicas e de livrarias em todo o território brasileiro, claramente incompatível com as necessidades de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, e os limitados fundos públicos disponíveis no passado e aparentemente no futuro, para corrigir esta situação, obriga aqueles preocupados com a futura produtividade do Brasil e sua habilidade para competir globalmente, a experimentar soluções para problemas sociais baseados nas novas tecnologias de comunicação. Apoiada inicialmente pela Fundação AT&T e pela Secretaria do Estado e da Cultura de São Paulo, a Escola do Futuro lançou em 1997 um servidor baseado na web, contendo grande quantidade de textos, cópias recentemente digitadas de obras da Literatura Brasileira em domínio público, imagens da fauna e da flora brasileira, sons de animais nativos, de instrumentos musicais e de vozes de personagens políticos do passado, permitindo assim que os usuários utilizem e reutilizem ambos materiais áudio visual e de texto para suas necessidades acadêmicas ou de lazer. Em 2001, a média diária de usuários distintos excedia 5.000, e ao longo dos últimos três anos, a Bibvirt foi premiada nas categorias de Educação e Treinamento e Arte e Cultura.De 1º de setembro de 2000 a 25 de fevereiro de 2001, um questionário contendo 37 tens, pretendendo definir o perfil dos usuários e a natureza das satisfações e insatisfações dos mesmos, foi disponibilizado no site da Bibvirt, chegando a um total de 528 questionários respondidos, dos quais 479 foram utilizados para o estudo. A metodologia da pesquisa foi orientada pelo. Modelo “ACTION” desenvolvido por Anthony W. Bates (1995) e pela Abordagem “Sense-Making” desenvolvida por Brenda Derwin (1983, 1986 and 1999). 6 Os resultados do questionário revelaram alguns dados inesperados: para um site planejado para estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, os atuais usuários eram, de certa forma, mais velhos: 10 -13 anos de idade: 7 %; 14 -17 anos: 20,9 %; 18 -21 anos: 17 %; 22 -25 anos: 15,1 %; 26 -29 anos: 8,4 %; 30 -39 anos: 18,7%; 40 para cima: 11,7%. Os usuários habitantes das capitais brasileiras eram 50,8% e os habitantes do “interior” eram 49,2%. Usuários habitantes de cidades com população acima de 1 milhão de habitantes eram 43% do total, enquanto aqueles pertencentes a cidades com mais de 500 mil habitantes e menos de 1 milhão eram 14%, os de cidades com população entre 500mil e 100mil habitantes eram 22%, e os usuários em cidades com menos de 100 mil habitantes eram 14% e aqueles em cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes eram 7%. Estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio compunham 37,8% dos usuários, enquanto que estudantes universitários representavam 23,8% do total. Estudantes masculinos eram 50,7% e estudantes femininas eram 49,3%. Estudantes de escolas públicas representavam 50,7% do total e estudantes de escolas particulares representavam 49,3%. Estudantes do Estado de São Paulo constituíram 43% dos usuários, do estado de Minas Gerais 10%, do Rio de Janeiro 8% e do Paraná 7%. A renda mensal familiar reportada foi muito mais alta do que a esperada: até R$ 300,00: 8,8%; R$ 301 - 600,00: 8,8%; R$ 601-1200,00:16,7%; R$1201-3000,00:17,6%; mais de R$ 20.000,00: 10,6%. Quando questionado o local do qual os usuários acessavam à Internet, responderam: de casa: 72,1%; do trabalho 17,6%; da escola: 5,6%; da casa de amigo ou parente: 3,1%; de bibliotecas: 1,7%. 84,4% responderam que o uso da Bibvirt era por razõesde pesquisa e estudo, enquanto que 8,4% indicaram lazer e 7,2% relacionaram a trabalho. Talvez vale preocupar-se e dar futura atenção ao fato de que 57,3% responderam que seus professores solicitaram pesquisa na web, mas não deram nenhuma orientação; 25,4% disseram que professores deram um mínimo de orientação; e somente 17,3% apresentaram que seus professores os acompanharam nas pesquisas. Quando questionado se seus professores os encorajavam a utilizar a Internet para pesquisa, houve diferentes respostas de escolas públicas e privadas: “Estavam todos os professores incentivando?”: 10% dos alunos de escolas públicas confirmaram, enquanto que 8% dos alunos de escolas privadas confirmaram esta questão; “alguns professores?’: 50% dos estudantes de escolas públicas e 44% de estudantes de escola privadas confirmaram; “nenhum 7 professor”?: 40% de alunos de escolas públicas e 48% de alunos de escolas privadas confirmaram. Em relação à questão sobre se eram capazes de encontrar com facilidade o material desejado na Bibivirt: 24,4% responderam “sempre”; 44,1% responderam “quase sempre”; 15,7% responderam “às vezes”; 8,4% responderam “raramente”; e 7,4% responderam ”nunca”. Se o material encontrado em bibliotecas correspondia as suas necessidades de pesquisas: 57% responderam que acharam exatamente o que procuravam; 12,1% acharam o material “muito sofisticado” e 30,9% acharam o material “muito simples”. Se eles acharam que o material que procuravam na Bibvirt poderia ser achado também em outras fontes: 36,9% disseram ser possível; 33,8% disseram que “às vezes” isto acontecia; 13,6% disseram ser difícil e 3,5% disseram nunca ser o caso. Em ordem de importância para os usuários, o material contido na biblioteca seguia tal ordem: literatura, material didático, material para-didático, sons e imagens. Com relação à navegação na biblioteca, 90,6% disseram não ter dificuldade, 9,4% tiveram dificuldade; 48,5% disseram usar o Internet Explorer 5x, enquanto que 19,2% disseram usar o Internet Explorer 4x. Em relação a maneira pela qual eles liam o material encontrado na biblioteca, 28% liam diretamente na tela; 13,4% imprimiam o material enquanto conectados a Internet; 34,3% baixavam para posterior consulta no computador; e 23,2% carregavam para posterior impressão e leitura.
Bibvirt, the Brazilian Student’s Virtual Library, is an on-going activity of research and development of the “School of the Future”, interdisciplinary research laboratory of theUniversity of São Paulo, Brazil. The present study attempted (1) to determine if this digital library, started in 1997 and available gratuitously through the Internet [www.bibvirt.futuro.usp.br], had met its original objetives, and (2) to identify the profile of its current users, their needs and desires. The reduced numbers of school libraries, public libraries and bookstores throughout Brazil, clearly incompatible with the needs of a knowledge-based economy, and the limited public funds available in the past, and apparently in the future, to rectify this situation, oblige those concerned with Brazil’s future productivity and ability to compete globally, to experiment with solutions to social problems, based on the new communications technologies.Supported by initial grants from the AT&T Foundation and the São Paulo State Secretariat for Culture, the School of the Future launched in 1997 a web-based server containing large quantities of full-text, newly-digited copies of Brazilian literature in the public domain, images of Brazilian flora and fauna, sounds of Brazilian animals, musical instruments and the voices of national political figures of the past, thereby permitting users to download and re-use for their academic needs or leisure material both textual and audiovisual. In 2001, the daily average number of discrete users exceeded 5,000; and over the last three years, the Bibvirt was awarded 5 trophies “I-Best” for excellence in content in the categories of education and training, and art and culture. From 1 September 2000 to 25 February 2001, a questionnaire containing 37 items attempting to determine the profile of users and the nature of user satisfaction or insatisfaction, was placed on the site of the Bibvirt, drawing a total of 528 user responses, of which 479 were actually used for the study. The research methodology was oriented by Anthony W. Bates’s “ACTION” approach (1995); and Brenda Derwin’s “Sense-Making” approach (1983, 1986 and 1999). The results of the survey brought some surprising results: for a site planned for primary and secondary school students, the atual users were somewhat older: 10-13 years of age: 7.0%; 14-17 years: 20.9 %; 18-21 years: 17.4%; 22-15 years: 15.1%;9 26-29 years: 8,4%; 30-39 years: 18.7%; 40+ years: 11.7%. Those living in state capitols were 50.7% and those in the “interior” were 49.3%. Users living in cities withpopulations over 1 million inhabitants were 43% of the total, while those in cities of over 500 thousand were 14%, those in cities of between 500 thousand and 100 thousand were 22%, and those in towns of less than 100 thousand were 14% and those in towns with less than 10 thousand were 7%. Primary and secondary school students comprised 37.8% of users, while university students represented 23.8% of the total. Male students were 50.7% and female students 49.3%. Students from public school represented 50.7% of the total, and those from private schools represented 49.3%. Students from São Paulo State made up 43% of users, those from Minas Gerais 10%, those from Rio de Janeiro 8% and those from Paraná 7%. Monthly family income reported was much higher than expected: up to R$300: 8,8%; R$301-600: 8,8%; R$601-1200: 16.7%; R$1201-3000: 17.6%; R$3001-6000: 8.8%; R$6001-10.000: 11.2%; R$10.001-20.000: 17.6%; mais de R$20.000: 10.6%. When asked from what location they acessed the Internet, users replied: from home 72.1%; from work 17.6%; from school 5.6%; from a friend/relative’s home 3.1%; from a library 1.7%. 84.4% replied that their use of Bibvirt was for study and research, while 8.4% indicated pleasure and 7.2% relation to work. Perhaps worthy of concern and further attention is the fact that 57.3% answered that their teachers required research on the web but gave no orientation; 25.4% said teachers gave minimal orientation; 17.3% indicated that their teachers accompanied their web research. When asked whether their teachers encouraged research using the Internet, there were different responses from public and private schools: “were all teachers encouraging?”: 10% of public school students confirmed, while 8% of private school students confirmed this question; “some teachers?” : 50% of public school students and 44% of private school students confirmed; “no teachers?”: 40% of public school students and 48% of private school students confirmed. To the question of whether they were able to locate desired material within the library: 24.4% answered “always”; 44.1% answered “almost always”; 15.7% answered “sometimes”; 8.4% answered “rarely”; and 7.4% answered “never”. Whether or not the material found in the library corresponded to the needs of their searches: 57% responded that they found “exactly” that they sought; 12.1% found the material “very sophisticated”; and 30.9% found the material “rather simple”. 10 Whether they found that the material they sought in the Bibvirt could be found just as well in other sources, 36.9% said that it was possible, 33.8% said that “at times” they found this to be true, 13.6% said it was difficult, and 3.5% said it never the case. Inorder of importance to users, the material contained in the library was as follows:literature, didactic material, para-didactic material, sounds and images. With regard to navigation within the library, 84.4% reported having no difficulty, 8.4% had difficulty; 48.5% reported using Internet Explorer 5x, while 19.2% reported using Internet Explorer 4x. As regards the form in which they read the material found in the library, 28.6% read directly from the screen; 13.4% printed directly while connected to the Internet; 34.8% downloaded for posterior reading on-screen; and 23.2% downloaded for posterior printing and reading.

This thesis proposes to learn the absent cognitive element in conventional scene categorization methods: sub-scenes, and use them to better categorize and understand scenes. In scene categorization, it has been observed that the problem of ambiguity occurs when treating the scene as a whole. Scene ambiguity arises from when a similar set of sub-scenes are arranged differently to compose different scenes, or when a scene literally contains several categories. However, these ambiguities can be discerned by the knowledge of sub-scenes. Thus, it is worthy to study sub-scenes and use them to better understand a scene. The proposed research firstly considers an unsupervised method to segment sub-scenes. It emphasizes on generating more integral regions instead of over-segmented regions usually produced by conventional segmentation methods. Several properties of sub-scenes are explored such as proximity grouping, area of influence, similarity and harmony based on psychological principles. These properties are formulated into constraints that are used directly in the proposed framework. A self-determined approach is employed to produce a final segmentation result based on the characteristics of each image in an unsupervised manner. The proposed method performs competitively against other state-of-the-art unsupervised segmentation methods with F-measure of 0.55, Covering of 0.51 and VoI of 1.93 in the Berkeley segmentation dataset. In the Stanford background dataset, it achieves the overlapping score of 0.566 which is higher than the score of 0.499 of the comparison method. To segment and label sub-scenes simultaneously, a supervised approach of semantic segmentation is proposed. It is developed based on a Hierarchical Conditional Random Field classification framework. The proposed method integrates contextual information into the model to improve classification performance. Contextual information including global consistency and spatial context are considered in the proposed method. Global consistency is developed based on generalizing the scene by scene types and spatial context takes the spatial relationship into account. The proposed method improves semantic segmentation by boosting more logical class combinations. It achieves the best score in the MSRC-21 dataset with global accuracy at 87% and the average accuracy at 81%, which out-performs all other state-of-the-art methods by 4% individually. In the Stanford background dataset, it achieves global accuracy at 80.5% and average accuracy at 71.8%, also out-performs other methods by 2%. Finally, the proposed research incorporates sub-scenes into the scene categorization framework to improve categorization performance, especially in ambiguity cases. The proposed method encodes the sub-scene in the way that their spatial information is also considered. Sub-scene descriptor compensates the global descriptor of a scene by evaluating local features with specific geometric attributes. The proposed method obtains an average categorization accuracy of 92.26% in the 8 Scene Category dataset, which outperforms all other published methods by over 2% of improvement. It evaluates ambiguity cases more accurately by discerning which part exemplifies a scene category and how those categories are organized.
published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

This paper aims to investigate women’s experience of digital technology as a contraceptive. Research on the female body has not always been a natural part of human– computer interaction (HCI) research but is beginning to be seen through various aids in menstruation, pregnancy and likewise (Balaam, 2017). In 2017, a mobile application was approved as a contraceptive in Sweden and by that, digital technology took a step into the industry of contraceptives (Suni, 2017). The product is made by the company Natural Cycles, which therefore has become the natural focus of this paper. This study was created to find out how women experience the first fully technological contraceptive, focusing on trust through interfaces and experience design. To answer the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was created and a focus group interview was held, where one of the participants was asked to write a diary for one week to document her feelings and thoughts about her use of Natural Cycles.The results from the survey showed that about half of the respondents trust Natural Cycles and may be interested in trying the product. The other half says that they do not trust the products safety. The results from involved a simple interface and good marketing with a lot of information about statistics. The answers also showed that those who didn’t trust digital technology as contraceptives lacked truthful information about studies and use.
Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka kvinnors upplevelse av digital teknik som preventivmedel. Forskning kring kvinnokroppen har inte alltid varit en naturlig del av människa–datorinteraktion (MDI), men börjar synas genom olika hjälpmedelsapplikationer vid menstruation, graviditeter och dylikt (Balaam, 2017). År 2017 blev en mobilapplikation godkänd som preventivmedel i Sverige och då tog också den digitala tekniken ett steg in i preventivmedelsbranschen (Suni, 2017). Produkten ges ut av företaget Natural Cycles, vilket också har blivit det naturliga fokuset för denna uppsats. Denna studie skapades för att ta redapå hur kvinnorna upplever det första helt digital tekniska preventivmedlet, med fokus på tillit genom gränssnitt och upplevelsedesign. För att besvara studiens syfte skapades en enkät och en fokusgruppsintervju, där en av deltagarna dessutom ombads skriva en loggbok under en vecka för att dokumentera känslor och tankar kring sitt användande av Natural Cycles.Resultatet från enkäten visade på att ungefär hälften av de svarande känner tillit till Natural Cycles och kan tänka sig att testa produkten. Den andra halvan anger att de inte tror på produktens säkerhet. Ett sammanlagt resultat från fokusgruppen, enkäten och loggboken visade på att en viktig del för tilliten är ett enkelt gränssnitt och en god marknadsföring med mycket information kring statistik. Resultatet visade också på att de som inte kände förtroende för digital teknik som preventivmedel saknade sanningsenlig information kring studier och användande.

Studier visar att kunskapen och erfarenheten av marknadsföring inom små och medelstora företags (SME) till stor utsträckning är ganska dålig. Det finns inga riktlinjer för hur SME inom byggbranschen bör arbeta med marknadsföring och hur företagen bör överväga att digitalisera marknadsföringen för att kunna nå ut till en större potentiell kundgrupp. Dessutom nämns att fler människor börjar använda sig av internet och i takt med detta så blir det allt viktigare för SME att följa med i den digitala utvecklingen. Därför är det viktigt att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar SMEs inställning till användandet av sökmotoroptimering (SEO).    Tidigare studier visar att det finns ett flertal faktorer som påverkar inställningen hos SME att använda SEO. Ett antal av studierna är skrivna tidigare än år 2015 och efter litteratursökningen, så finner vi inga senare studier inom det berörda området om vad som påverkar processen för införandet av SEO hos SME inom byggbranschen som en kontext.  Data har samlats in genom sju utförda intervjuer med lika många företag. Insamling av data har skett via digitala intervjuer tillsammans med personal som har god insikt i företagets strategier för digital konsumentpåverkan. Data har sedan analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys tillsammans med tidigare studier inom området.   Studiens resultat identifierade tre teman vilka var ekonomi där faktorer såsom finansiella resurser och branschens inställning innefattas. Det tekniska temat med faktorerna, andra digitala marknadskanaler och snabbare etablering samt temat kunskap där faktorn inställning hos medarbetare belyses. Flertalet av de identifierade faktorerna bekräftas av vad tidigare forskning bidragit till samtidigt som nya fynd har gjorts. Efter en analys av faktorerna så kom vi fram till att varje enskild faktor kan ha en direkt inverkan för valet hos SME att införa SEO som ett verktyg för digital konsumentpåverkan. Resultatet visade på att faktorerna ofta samspelar med varandra och verkar växelvis i processen att införa SEO i verksamheten.
Studies show that the knowledge and experience of marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is to a large extent quite poor. There are no guidelines for how SMEs in the construction industry should work with marketing and how companies should consider digitizing marketing in order to reach a larger potential customer group. In addition, it is mentioned that more people are starting to use the internet and in step with this, it is becoming increasingly important for SMEs to keep up with digital developments. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that influence SME's attitude towards the use of search engine optimization (SEO). Previous studies show that there are a number of factors that affect the attitude of SMEs to use SEO. A few of the studies were written earlier than in 2015 and after the literature search, we find no later studies in the relevant area on what influences the process for the introduction of SEO at SME in the construction industry as a context. Data have been collected through seven interviews with as many companies. Data collection has taken place via digital interviews together with staff who have good insight into the company's strategies for digital consumer impact. Data have then been analyzed through a qualitative content analysis together with previous studies in the field. The results of the study identified three themes which were economics where factors such as financial resources and the attitude of the industry are included. The technical theme with the factors, other digital market channels and faster establishment as well as the theme knowledge where the factor attitude of employees is highlighted. Most of the identified factors are confirmed by what previous research has contributed to while new findings have been made. After an analysis of the factors, we came up to the conclusion that each individual factor can have a direct impact on the choice of SME to introduce SEO as a tool for digital consumer influence. The results also showed that the factors often interact with each other and act alternately in the process of introducing SEO into the business.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2008.
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Neste trabalho foram projetados e implementados uma memória ROM de 256 bits, uma memória RAM de 128 bits e um banco com 16 registradores de 16 bits, em tecnologia CMOS 0.35 m, como veículos de validação preliminar de uma arquitetura contendo 2kB de ROM e 8 kB de RAM. Tais estruturas integram um Sistema em Chip (SoC) para comunicação sem fio em um sistema de controle de irrigação. Foram desenvolvidos os projetos arquitetural, elétrico e físico das unidades anteriormente citadas utilizando técnicas de projeto orientado à testabilidade. Esses módulos foram projetados e simulados utilizando ferramentas do CADENCE e atenderam às especificações previamente definidas. Após validadas, as estruturas foram enviadas para fabricação. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
A 256-bit ROM, a 128-bit RAM, and a bank of sixteen 16-bit registers were implemented in a 0.35 m CMOS technology. The ROM and RAM memory capacity will be expanded to 2kBytes and 8 kBytes in order to integrate a System on Chip (SoC) for irrigation control on crops. An architecture that integrates and expands the memory according to a 16-bit RISC microprocessor datapath was also proposed. Design for Testability (DFT) techniques were also used. After simulation and validation with the CADENCE framework, the circuits were sent to fabrication.

Through Laclau and Mouffes discourse theory, this study seeks to find and analyze the different types of discourses regarding digitalisation that exist in the Swedish upper secondary schools curriculum, focusing on those documents that regard the subjects Swedish and Swedish as a second language, and finally analyze what kind of implications these discourses can have for teachers in the subject of Swedish. The study starts with going through digital literacy and why it’s important in a digitalized world. With Laclau and Mouffes discourse theory as method, this study identifies several discourses available in the curriculum. These discourses are digital competence, digital work, digital tools, digital change and digital copyright. In addition to this, the study identifies three subjects as bearers of the discourse, the teacher, the student and the curriculum itself. The study finds that digitalization is loosely defined within the curriculum, leaving the teacher with the duty of both analyzing and construing their own view of digitalization within the subject Swedish. Finally, the study discusses the implications of these findings.

Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra vilken mening digital kompetens har mellan två parter: statlig förvaltningsmyndighet, Arbetsförmedlingen, och en kommersiell förvaltningsorganisation, Manpower AB. Varje part var sedd utifrån tre perspektiv: rekryterare/arbetsförmedlare/jobbcoacher, arbetande, arbetssökande. De 24 deltagarna - med 12 deltagare från varje part - har genom intervjuer svarat på frågor som är relaterade till begreppet ”digital”, ”kompetens” och uttrycket ”digital kompetens.” Deras svar skapade tre huvudkategorier; mål, ansvar och personliga villkor i resultatet. Utifrån perspektivet mål framvisas vilken roll organisationerna har i relation till individen och vilken roll individen har i relation till organisationerna. Resultatet visar att utveckling är den centrala målsättningen. Utifrån perspektivet ansvar framvisas vad som förväntas göras för att uppnå målsättningarna. Utifrån perspektivet personliga villkor framvisas vad som krävs av individerna och vilken roll organisationen har för att skapa förutsättningar till att förverkliga målsättningarna. I avsnittet diskussion jämfördes det teoretiska materialet med resultatet som slutligen visar att digital kompetens uppmanar individualism framför kollektivism.

Godkännandedatum 2013-09-20