Дисертації з теми "Sulfuric material"
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OLIVEIRA, THAIS de. "Recuperacao e reciclagem dos acidos nitrico e sulfurico e do molibdenio dos residuos liquidos das industrias de lampadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9554.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Peck, Michael S. "Materials study supporting thermochemical hydrogen cycle sulfuric acid decomposer design." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4860.
Повний текст джерелаThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed Feb. 27, 2008). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Ling, Yuanbing 1970. "Direct preparation of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from sulfuric acid." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84283.
Повний текст джерелаFor the standard preparation procedure of adding lime into hot sulfuric acid, alpha-hemihydrate grows in the c-axis direction much more rapidly than in other directions ending in the form of fine needle crystals. Also, independent of the shape of the seed particles, the resultant crystals of hemihydrate are needle-shaped, which suggests a "dissolution-recrystallization" mechanism. Upon prolonged equilibration in their acid-preparation solution hemihydrate needle-shape crystals become fibrous and eventually convert to anhydrite. It is believed that uptake of SO42- instead of Ca2+ is the rate-determining step in the hemihydrate crystallization process. The hot SO42--rich environment rendered most of the additives (particularly organic) tried ineffective. Trivalent cations such as Fe3+ and Al3+, are the only ones found to modify the crystal morphology from needle-shape to small "grain" type morphology.
Slow addition of H2SO4 solution to slaked lime - reverse procedure was found to favor the production of alpha-hemihydrate with column-shaped as opposed to needle-shaped crystal morphology within otherwise the same operating window, 0.6--1.1M H2SO4. Preliminary assessment of the properties of the alpha-hemihydrate materials synthesized in this work showed them to compare satisfactorily with other materials produced by conversion of dihydrate to hemihydrate.
King, Matthew Joseph. "Control and optimization of metallurgical sulfuric acid plants." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284812.
Повний текст джерелаRigual, David Andrés. "Metallurgical characterization of self catalytic structural materials for sulfuric acid decomposition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34654.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 276-279).
Eight heats of material with base alloy chemistries of Alloys 800 HT or 617 with platinum additions of 2, 5, 15, or 30 wt% have been characterized according to their microstructural features. The goals of characterization were to determine metallurgical stability for service as self-catalytic structural materials. The results presented herein will be useful to the development of a material for the construction of a heat exchanger designed for sulfuric acid decomposition. This type of heat exchanger is a key component to hydrogen generation by the thermochemical sulfur-iodine water-splitting process, a future technology that promises efficient hydrogen production if coupled to a Generation IV nuclear reactor heat source. Characterization of each material was carried out in the cast and wrought conditions with optical and SE microscopy, electron dispersive spectrometry, chemical composition analysis, and thermodynamic modeling. Materials have been characterized according to grain size and morphology, precipitate features, twinning characteristics, and platinum composition effects. Results indicate that platinum and carbon compositions have the greatest effect on the development of microstructural features.
(cont.) Increasing platinum compositions in both base alloy chemistries fosters the presence of annealing twins, which indicates that platinum additions reduce stacking fault energy within the alloy systems. Platinum additions appear to cause the development of larger grain structures as well as increase corrosion resistance. With the exception of the Alloy 800 HT - 30 wt% Pt system, the alloy systems characterized herein were melted with carbon contents between 1.2 - 3.6 times higher than the maximum specified compositions for the base chemistries. Excessive inter and intra-granular carbide precipitation resulted, which leads to compromised corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Inter-granular attack due to sensitization is observed in the Alloy 800 HT - 2, 5 wt% Pt systems. SEM micrographs of the Alloy 617 - Pt systems show that these systems are less prone to inter-granular attack. The grain structures of each base alloy - Pt system are much finer than those of the respective base alloy systems included for comparison. Fine grain structures are detrimental to overall ductility and high temperature creep strength. On average, the Alloy 800 HT - Pt systems developed larger grains than the Alloy 617 - Pt systems.
(cont.) A two phase microstructure that resembles pearlite developed in the Alloy 617 - 30 wt% Pt system. This alloy system will be excluded from further characterization for self catalytic structural application due to expected poor mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The most important microstructural improvements for the development of a self-catalytic structural material include a reduction of carbon content and an increase in grain size. Further characterization of catalytic, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties are required for selection of the optimum platinum addition to the base chemistries of Alloys 800 HT and 617 for sulfuric acid decomposition service.
by David Andrés Rigual.
S.M.
Hao, Yong. "Sulfur Based Electrode Materials For Secondary Batteries." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2582.
Повний текст джерелаPreuss, Kathryn Elvia. "Sulfur nitrogen heterocycles as charge transfer materials." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ53510.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMakenya, Amon Raphael. "Industrial application of sulfur concrete : an environment-friendly construction material /." Stockholm, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3239.
Повний текст джерелаLEMOS, Janyelle de Oliveira. "Caracterização de gleissolos com e sem tiomorfismo da região litorânea do estado de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5147.
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The floodplain soils of Pernambuco state - Brazil have been widely used to agriculture and their improperly management has promoted, in those with sulphidric materials, the sulfurization process, generating acidity in the soil, and release of heavy metals such iron. The aim of this study was to characterize Gleysol in areas of coastal wetlands along the shoreline of Pernambuco state cultivated with sugar cane, trying to understand genesis and occurrence of acid sulphate soils. Thus, we studied three floodplain soils along the shoreline of Pernambuco: floodplain soil in Goiana river (profile 1), floodplain soils in Sirinhaém river (profiles 2, 3 and 4) and floodplain soils in Ipojuca river (profiles 5, 6 and 7). Were realized a morphological characterization of soils, chemical analyzes for the purpose of soil classification, sequential extraction and total content of iron, and mineralogical analysis using XRD. Was observed predominance of the clay fraction in all profiles, which is consistent with the depositional environment in waters with low kinetic energy. The profiles 2, 3 and 4 showed extremely acidic reaction, with pH values below 2.5, indicating the presence of sulfuric horizon. The presence of sulphidric materials in the profiles 2, 3 and 4, confirmed the presence of sulfuric horizon. The sulfuric horizons in the profiles 2, 3 and 4 had high EC values between 9 and 21 dS m-1, being consistent with the high concentrations of sulphate generated by sulfurization process. The higher levels of iron were found associated with forms of poorly crystalline oxyhydroxides, values between 0.03 and 1.56 mmol kg-1. The assembly mineralogical soil had become very influenced by the geology of the basin of the rivers that bathe the floodplains. In the clay fraction were identified illite, kaolinite, goethite and smectite (beidellite/montmorillonite and nontronite), the silt fraction were: Illite, kaolinite, quartz and feldspar, in the sand fraction were: quartz, feldspar, mica and kaolinite. The floodplain soils showed morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical related to the origin of the sediments and their position in the landscape. The occurrence of acid sulphate soils was detected only in the floodplain of Sirinhaem river.
Os solos de várzeas do litoral Pernambucano têm sido bastante utilizados na agricultura e o seu manejo inadequado tem promovido, naqueles que apresentam materiais sulfídricos, o processo de sulfurização, gerando acidez no solo, além de liberação de metais a exemplo do ferro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar Gleissolos em áreas de várzeas litorâneas ao longo do litoral Pernambucano cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar, buscando compreender sua gênese e a ocorrência de solos Tiomórficos. Para tanto, foram avaliados solos de três várzeas ao longo do litoral Pernambucano: várzea do rio Goiana (perfil 1), várzea do rio Sirinhaém (perfis 2, 3 e 4) e várzea do rio Ipojuca (perfis 5, 6 e 7). Foi realizada a caracterização morfológica dos solos, análises químicas para fins de classificação do solo, extração sequencial e total do ferro, além de análise mineralógica utilizando DRX. Observou-se predominância da fração argila em todos os perfis, que condiz com o ambiente de deposição em águas com baixa energia cinética. Os perfis 2, 3 e 4 apresentaram reação extremamente ácida, chegando a atingir valores de pH inferiores a 2,5, evidenciando a presença de horizonte sulfúrico. A presença de materiais sulfídricos nos perfis 2, 3 e 4, confirmou a existência de horizonte sulfúrico. Os horizontes sulfúricos dos perfis 2, 3 e 4 apresentaram alta C.E., com valores variando entre 9 e 21 dS m-1, estando condizente com as altas concentrações de sulfato gerado pelo processo de sulfurização. Os maiores teores de ferro foram encontrados associados às formas de oxihidróxidos de baixa cristalinidade, apresentando valores entre 0,03 e 1,56 mmol kg-1. A assembléia mineralógica dos solos apresentou-se bastante influenciada pela geologia da bacia dos rios que banham as várzeas. Na fração argila os minerais identificados foram: ilita, caulinita, goethita e esmectita (beidelita/nontronita e montmorilonita); na fração silte foram: Ilita, caulinita, quartzo e feldspato; na fração areia foram: quartzo, feldspato, mica e caulinita. Os solos de várzeas apresentaram propriedades morfológicas, física, químicas e mineralógicas relacionadas à origem dos sedimentos e sua posição na paisagem. A ocorrência de Gleissolos Tiomórficos foi constatada somente na várzea do rio Sirinhaém.
Wang, Dunyang. "Fundamental Studies of Lithium-sulfur Reaction Intermediates." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10930612.
Повний текст джерелаLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as an attractive alternative to current Li-ion batteries due to their large theoretical capacity (1672 mA-h/g) and theoretical energy density (2600 Wh/kg) while having a low cost, an abundance of the material, and relatively non-toxic properties. However, the low cyclability and significant capacity fading during the first several cycles prevent Li-S rechargeable batteries from being commercialized. During discharge, elemental sulfur is reduced to the final product Li2S through a series of soluble intermediate species, lithium polysulfides (Li2S x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 8). Lithium polysulfides dissolved into the electrolyte in the separator can no longer participate in redox reductions, resulting in a loss of active materials, as well as a “shuttling effect” that causes capacity fading and low coulombic efficiency. Despite the fact that decades of research have attempted to solve this, the problem is still not resolved due to a lack of fundamental understanding of the system. This includes how lithium polysulfides are produced during discharge interactions with other components in the cell and the reaction mechanisms (the electrochemical and chemical processes) during cycling. The objective of this dissertation is to provide a fundamental understanding of lithium polysulfides produced during discharge of a Li-S cell. This is an essential piece of knowledge when designing and identifying the issues associated with Li-S batteries.
To begin, the morphology, thermal properties, and ionic conductivity of an ether-based nanostructured block copolymer containing lithium polysulfides were investigated. Previous work has shown that nanostructured block copolymer electrolytes containing an ion-conducting block and modulus-strengthening block has the potential of enabling solid-state lithium metal rechargeable batteries. This is of particular interest for a lithium-sulfur battery to fully explore its high energy density and capacity. Understanding the thermal and electrochemical properties of these block copolymer electrolytes containing lithium polysulfides is essential for evaluating their potential use in Li-S batteries. A systematic study of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) block copolymer mixed with Li2Sx with an average x value of 4 and 8 was conducted. Small angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and ac impedance spectroscopy were used to measure the morphology, thermal properties, and ionic conductivities of all samples. The ionic conductivity of SEO/Li2Sx mixtures were compared with those of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) mixed with Li2Sx to quantify the effect of nanostructuring on ion transport. The conductivities of both SEO and PEO samples containing polysulfides with a longer average chain length higher than the same polymer containing polysulfides with a shorter average chain length at all salt concentrations, indicating that dissociation of long-chain polysulfides occurs more readily than short-chain polysulfides. Normalized conductivity was used to quantify the effect of morphology on ion transport. The results showed that SEO suppressed the migration of polysulfides relative to PEO. However, this suppression is inadequate for practical applications. In other words, cathode architectures that prevent polysulfides from entering the electrolyte are necessary for enabling Li-S batteries with block copolymer electrolytes. Nevertheless, the results obtained in this study are important as they enable quantification of polysulfide migration in Li-S batteries with imperfect polysulfide encapsulation, a limitation that applies to all known Li-S batteries.
Next, UV-vis spectroscopy with radiation wavelength in the range 200 - 800 nm was used to study different polysulfides in ether. Ex-situ UV-vis spectra were measured for chemically synthesized lithium polysulfides in TEGDME, Li2 Sx_mix | TEGDME solutions for xmix values of 4, 6, 8, and 10 and sulfur concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mM. The peaks are generally more resolved at lower concentrations than at higher concentrations for all xmix values, suggesting a concentration dependence of spectra shape. The peak at 617 nm was used to confirm the existence of S3 •- radical anion, which supports the argument that polysulfide radical anions are stable in ether-based electrolytes, and may play an important role in Li-S reaction mechanism. Using in-situ UV-vis method was discussed and challenges for Li-S reaction mechanism study were evaluated. A new fluorinated-ether based electrolyte was explored. Its low polysulfide solubility makes it a good candidate to be used in in-situ Li-S reaction studies because UV-vis radiations do not have a large penetration path through high concentration of polysulfide-containing materials. However, the main challenge in using UV-vis spectroscopy to study Li-S reaction mechanism is the ambiguity in peak assignments arised both from a lack of spectra standards for different polysulfides. It is difficult to experimentally obtain polysulfide spectra standards because polysulfides cannot be separated. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)
Correia, Leandro Marques. "Fe2O3 ou Co3O4 suportados em sílicas mesoporosas modificadas com NH4F e Ti para adsorção de benzotiofeno e reação de oxidação catalítica seletiva parcial de H2S a S." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/27280.
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The presence of sulfur (S) in automotive fuels must be retrain, once it generates air pollution and promotes damage to the motor (corrosion), affecting the health of living beings. The conventional process of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) for sulfuric compounds removal, used by petrochemical industries, generates large amount of H2S, which can be used in selective partial oxidation reaction of H2S to S. The HDS treatment process is not effective to remove refractory compounds at low concentrations of S, making polish techniques, such as adsorption, necessary due to environmental constraints increase. This situation has led to a need of deeper research in the area of sulfur compounds removal in fossil fuels (gas and diesel). Thus, the development of methodologies to prepare and characterize new adsorbents with high sulfur removal are necessary. The adsorption of BT (standard organic molecule contained in gas and diesel) was investigated using a regular mesoporous silica SBA-15 type and modified with NH4F, and impregnated with Fe and Co respectively. The experiments were done in batch, with different initial BT concentrations (3-15 mmol.L-1) at different temperatures (30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C). In the second part of the research, the H2S was partially oxidized to S and SO2 using a tubular fixed bed catalytic reactor, containing mesoporous silica HMS, SBA-15, and MCM-41 modified with NH4F and Ti, and respectively Fe2O3 and Co3O4. The catalytic tests were conducted at 180 °C and 170 oC. Reactional conditions were a catalyst mass of 100 mg (40-60 mesh), operating with a 125 mL.min-1 total flow, with molar ratio H2S/Air/He (1/5/94). The brackets, adsorbents and active phases of mesoporous catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), adsorption and desorption isotherms at -196°C, x-ray photoeletronic spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Elemental analysis (CHNS) and spectroscopy of UV-visible region. The results show that mycotoxin adsorbents are promising for the hydrodesulfurization process for BT removal, especially, the sample (15Co/SBA-15/NH4F). All the prepared catalysts are active and promising for the elementary S production. The most stable catalyst was 15Fe/MCM-41, obtaining conversion values of H2S (89.72%), selectivity of S (96.19%), and selectivity of SO2 (3.81%) at 180 °C and 360 min of reaction time in the H2S to S selective oxidation partial reaction in gas phase
A presença de enxofre (S) nos combustíveis automotivos deve ser combatida, uma vez que gera a poluição atmosférica e traz prejuízos ao motor (corrosão), afetando também à saúde dos seres vivos. O processo convencional de hidrodessulfurização (HDS) para remoção dos compostos de S, utilizado pelas indústrias petroquímicas, gera elevada quantidade de H2S, o qual pode ser utilizado na reação de oxidação seletiva parcial de H2S a S. O processo de tratamento por HDS não é eficaz para remoção de compostos refratários em baixas concentrações de S, o que torna necessário a técnicas de acabamento como a adsorção, devido a um aumento nas restrições ambientais. Essa situação tem levado a uma necessidade de maiores pesquisas na área de remoção de sulfurados nos combustíveis (gasolina e diesel). Assim, busca-se desenvolver metodologias para preparar e caracterizar novos adsorventes com elevada capacidade de remoção de enxofre. A adsorção de BT (molécula orgânica modelo contida na gasolina e diesel) foi investigada utilizando-se sílicas mesoporosas do tipo SBA-15 e modificadas com NH4F, e impregnadas respectivamente com Fe e Co. Os experimentos foram feitos em batelada, com diferentes concentrações iniciais de BT (3-15 mmol/L) e temperaturas distintas (30 oC, 40 oC e 50 oC). Na segunda parte da pesquisa o H2S foi parcialmente oxidado a S e SO2 utilizando um reator catalítico de leito fixo do tipo tubular, contendo sílica mesoporosa do tipo HMS, SBA-15, e MCM-41 modificadas com NH4F e Ti, e respectivamente Fe2O3 e Co3O4. Os testes catalíticos foram conduzidos a uma temperatura de reação de 180 ºC e 170 oC. As condições reacionais foram massa do catalisador de 100 mg (40-60 mesh), operando com uma vazão total de 125 mL min-1, com razão molar H2S/Ar/He (1/5/94). Os suportes, adsorventes e as fases ativas dos catalisadores mesoporosos foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), isotermas de adsorção e dessorção a -196 oC, espetroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios-X (XPS), infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise elementar (CHNS) e espectroscopia da região do UV-visível. Os resultados demonstram que os adsorventes são promissores para o processo de hidrodessulfurização para a remoção da molécula de BT, especialmente, a amostra (15Co/SBA-15/NH4F). Todos os catalisadores preparados são ativos e promissores para produção de S elementar. O catalisador mais estável foi 15Fe/MCM-41, obtendo-se valores de conversão de H2S (89,72%), seletividade a S (96,19%), e seletividade a SO2 (3,81%) na temperatura de 180 oC e tempo reacional de 360 min na reação parcial de oxidação seletiva de H2S a S em fase gás
Griebel, Jared James. "Direct Utilization Of Elemental Sulfur For Novel Copolymeric Materials." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556819.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Xiaoxiang. "Structural and defects engineering of electrode materials for enhanced supercapacitors performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208154/2/Xiaoxiang_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBourgés, Cédric. "Synthèses, analyses structurales et propriétés thermoélectriques de matériaux sulfures." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC237/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the synthesis and the structural/physicochemical characterizations of sulfide compounds with thermoelectric properties. Several families of sulphide compounds have been studied with the aim of developing and/or optimizing their thermoelectric performances.A binary compound, TiS2, was synthesized by mechanical alloying followed by a densification using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The structural characterizations have revealed the effect of the elaboration on the microstructure and stoichiometry of the compound. This process induces a considerable reduction in the thermal and electrical conductivity of the material which hindered the optimization of the figure of merit. The ternary compound Cu4Sn7S16 was then developed according to two synthetic routes (conventional and mechanical alloying). It has been demonstrated that this semiconductor compound has a complex structure which promotes an intrinsic low thermal conductivity. The influence of the non-stoichiometry on the thermoelectric properties has been reported. Finally, the CuCoxTi2-xS4 and Cu26V2Sn6S32 compounds were the last interesting results presented. These compounds show metallic transport properties with high power factors. The synthesis and the influence of the Co content on the electronic transport properties have been discussed on the CuCoxTi2-xS4 compound. The effect of mechanical alloying and densification conditions were related to the transport properties of the Cu26V2Sn6S32 compound. Substantial improvement of the thermoelectric performances as reported.These various studies open interesting perspectives for the development and optimization of sulfide compounds for industrial application
Jennens, Lyn. "The use of sulfur in the syntheses of new materials." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359168.
Повний текст джерелаDirlam, Philip Thomas, and Philip Thomas Dirlam. "Preparation of Electroactive Materials for High Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621564.
Повний текст джерелаKarimi, Ebrahim. "Characterization of Proton and Sulfur Implanted GaSb Photovoltaics and Materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102071.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Generally, the photovoltaic effect is a process by which voltage or electric current is generated in a photovoltaic cell when exposed to light. A solar cell is a photovoltaic device, typically consisting a pn junction, that converts incident photon power into electrical power and delivered to a load to do electrical work for variety of applications. There are variety of methods to form a pn junction and fabricate such devices, among which ion implantation is a reliable doping technique. In this process, dopant ions are accelerated and smashed into a perfect semiconductor lattice, creating a cascade of damage that may displace a thousand atoms for each implanted ion and become activated after an annealing process. The ions themselves can act as either electron donors, make the semiconductor n-type, or electron acceptors, make it p-type. In this work, sulfur ions and protons, as two implant species, were implanted into separate Gallium Antimonide (GaSb) substrates and the effect of each on the electrical behavior of GaSb was investigated by Hall effect experiment. Both species raised hole carrier concentration. This behavior was not expected for sulfur ions as they would be assumed to act as electron donors after activation and convert the GaSb surface to an n-type semiconductor. It was identified that this behavior is due to the domination of created defects during implantation over the number of activated sulfur donors. The same characteristics were predicted and verified for proton implantation as well, the effect of which is just leaving damage in the lattice. Furthermore, to verify this method for converting n-type GaSb to p-type and fabricating a pn junction in GaSb for photovoltaic application, sulfur implantation into an n-type GaSb wafer was performed and optimized by removing the excess surface damage away from the device's metal contacts using wet etching. The device showed a diode-like rectifying current and photovoltaic characteristic. Some parameters such as short circuit current density J_sc, open circuit voltage V_oc, fill factor FF, and resistances (shunt and series) were measured and calculated using J-V plot under dark and illuminated conditions.
Fan, Frank Yongzhen. "Kinetics of phase transformations in lithium-sulfur batteries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111247.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-150).
Sulfur is a promising positive electrode for lithium batteries with the potential to create the step-change improvement in energy density and cost needed for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy. However, lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from a number of challenges, among them poor rate capability resulting in part from a complex dissolution-precipitation mechanism which produces electronically insulating end members S₈ and Li₂S. Few studies have heretofore been performed on rate-limiting mechanisms in Li-S batteries, which must be elucidated in order to inform rational design of electrodes with high capacity and rate capability. Polysulfide solutions, intermediates in the electrochemical reduction of sulfur, are used for the first time to make an efficient, high energy density flow battery, enabled by a novel flow battery architecture using a percolating network of nanoscale conductive carbon. An extensive experimental study of exchange current density for redox of higher order polysulfide solutions and their ionic conductivity has been conducted. The type and amount of electrolyte solvent has been found to influence both of these. The second portion of this thesis characterizes the kinetics of Li₂S electrodeposition, which is responsible for three-quarters of the theoretical capacity of the sulfur cathode. Kinetics are found to be highly dependent on solvent choice in a manner similar to exchange current density. Furthermore, electrodeposition kinetics are found to slow considerably at the low electrolyte/sulfur ratios which are needed for high energy density and low cost. Materials such as conductive oxides can serve as nucleation promoters and help solve this challenge. The morphology of precipitates is found to be dependent on discharge rate, with large, discrete particles forming at low rates. A model was for describing 3-D electrodeposition of Li₂S under the influence of a soluble redox mediator which enables efficient utilization of conductive surface area and prevents passivation of conductive carbon with insulating Li₂S.
by Frank Yongzhen Fan.
Ph. D.
Miller, Jacob T. "Sulfuric Acid Corrosion to Simulate Microbial Influenced Corrosion on Stainless Steel 316L." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu151621775594905.
Повний текст джерелаFURUSAWA, HELIO A. "Razão isotópica de enxofre em material atmosférico por ICPMS de alta resolução." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11632.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - IQ/USP
Xiao, Yao. "Analysis for reaction mechanism of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263747.
Повний текст джерела新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23286号
人博第1001号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 高木 紀明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
Anozie, Uchechukwu Chamberlin. "Microencapsulation of Soluble Sulfur by Calcium Alginate." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353388178.
Повний текст джерелаAguilar, Luis Felipe. "Development of Sulfur Tolerant Materials for the Hydrogen Sulfide Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6979.
Повний текст джерелаYebdri, Djamila. "Elaboration et etude d'un nouveau materiau pour l'electroluminescence en couches minces : le sulfure de calcium." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066606.
Повний текст джерелаSt, John Thomas William. "The distribution and assessment of sulfur-species in geological materials : implications for geoenvironmental engineering." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687594.
Повний текст джерелаChawla, Sandeep Kumar. "Film formation on copper in moist air-sulfur dioxide." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1059053796.
Повний текст джерелаHalverson, Adam Fraser 1978. "The role of sulfur alloying in defects and transitions in copper indium gallium diselenide disulfide thin films." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6193.
Повний текст джерелаThe effects of sulfur alloying on the electronic properties of CuIn(SeS) 2 and CuInGa(SeS) 2 materials has been investigated using sophisticated junction capacitance techniques including drive-level capacitance profiling and transient photocapacitance and photocurrent spectroscopies. CISSe and CIGSSe materials are used as absorber layers in thin-film photovoltaic devices. By characterizing the electronic properties of these materials we hope to understand how these materials can be improved to make thin-film devices with better conversion efficiencies. Sulfur widens the bandgap of these materials by moving the valence band to lower energies and the conduction band to higher energies. This significantly affects the electronic structure of these devices by increasing the activation energies of dominant acceptor levels and lowering room temperature free hole carrier densities. Using optical spectroscopies we observe a large, broad defect that also changes its apparent energetic depth with sulfur alloying. The occupation of this defect was controlled both optically and thermally, and showed a striking temperature dependence. This temperature dependence was measured by recording the relative defect signal, the ratio of the TPC signal in the defect regime to the above bandgap regime, as a function of temperature. As the temperature of the measurement was decreased, steps in the relative defect signal were observed, indicating the turning off of the thermal pathway that emptied trapped charge from the defect. Remarkably, such steps were seen at the same temperature in CISSe and CIGSSe devices with similar sulfur content. In addition, no steps were seen in CMS devices. This points to a defect state specific to the incorporation of sulfur in the absorber material. We hope that a better understanding of the electronic structure of these materials will assist in the creation of improved wide-bandgap thin-film photovoltaic devices.
Adviser: J. David Cohen
Patsiogiannis, Filippos. "Incorporation of oxygen, sulfur and chlorine in ironmaking and steelmaking slags containing fluxes based on mayenite." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11510.
Повний текст джерелаVita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-179).
by Filippos Patsiogiannis.
Sc.D.
Blake, Aaron Joseph. "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Sulfur Nanocomposite for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1382173213.
Повний текст джерелаHowell, Thomas G. "Perovskites for use as sulfur tolerant anodes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397467868.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Thi Kim-Thoa. "Luminescence de l'europium divalent dans les sulfures de magnésium ou d'éléments alcalino-terreux (sulfures MS, thioaluminates et thiosilicates)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168927.
Повний текст джерелаChlique, Christophe. "Préparation et caractérisation de poudres et céramiques (oxy) sulfures pour applications en optique active et passive." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678255.
Повний текст джерелаFuentes, Villalobos Sandra Patricia. "Síntesis y determinación de propiedades electroquímicas anisotrópicas en compuestos de intercalación de sulfuro de molibdeno." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2001. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106681.
Повний текст джерелаEmanuelsson, Christian. "Scanning Electron Microscopy study of Macbat regeneration effect on lead-acid battery electrodes." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27971.
Повний текст джерелаElektroder från bly syra batterier studerades med hjälp av svepelektronmikroskopi och energidispersiv spektroskopi. Detta för att observera effekterna av cykling på batterierna och hur en process för kapacitet återhämtning, kännd som Macbat regenerering, påverkade det aktiva materialet med fokus på hård sulfatering. Först blev två nya batterier cyklade i två månader och elektroder från dem studerades när batterierna var nya, cyklade, fulladdade efter cykling och regenererade efter cykling. Sedan studerades elektroder före och efter Macbat regenerering från ett separat batteri som hade använts i industri. På de cyklade batterierna fann man att efter cyklingen av batterierna fanns ingen hård sulfatering på elektroderna. Studien av det separata batteriet visade att batteriet hade hård sulfatering i elektroderna och att Macbat regenereringen kunde ta bort hård sulfatering både på ytan och även inne det aktiva materialet.
Merlo, Rafael Borges 1983. "Supercondutividade em materiais à base de carbono." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277964.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Evidências experimentais e teóricas recentes de que a supercondutividade nas várias formas alotrópicas do carbono pode ocorrer em temperaturas próximas ou até acima da temperatura ambiente, desencadearam um grande interesse científico. Resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram a ocorrência de supercondutividade em compósitos de carbono vítreo-enxofre (CV-S) a T = 3 K. Nossas medidas revelaram que a supercondutividade ocorre em uma pequena fração da amostra, e que a grafitização do carbono amorfo parece ser uma condição necessária para disparar a supercondutividade. Apresentamos também evidências de supercondutividade à temperatura ambiente em sanduíches de grafite/Si, e demonstramos que a supercondutividade está associada à interface grafite/silício. O comportamento encontrado é semelhante ao conhecido para estruturas supercondutoras de baixadimensionalidade. Em particular, observamos oscilações do tipo Josephson em curvas características de corrente-tensão (I-V), bem como sua supressão pela aplicação de campo magnético. Além disso, o campo magnético perpendicular transforma as curvas características I-V do tipo supercondutor para tipo isolante, assemelhando-se à transição supercondutor-isolante induzida por campo magnético em redes de junções Josephson. Todos estes resultados indicam que a interface grafite/silício pode ser um material promissor para o desenvolvimento de dispositivos microeletrônicos sem dissipação à temperatura ambiente
Abstract: Recent both experimental and theoretical evidence that superconductivity in various allotropic forms of carbon can occur at temperatures near or even above room temperature, triggered a broad scientific interest. Results of the present work demonstrated the occurrence of superconductivity in carbon glassy-sulfur composites (CV-S) at T = 3 K. Our measurements revealed that the superconductivity occurs in a small fraction of the sample, and that the graphitization of the amorphous carbon seems to be a necessary condition to trigger the superconductivity. We also present evidence for the room temperature superconductivity in graphite/Si sandwiches and demonstrate that the superconductivity is associated with the graphite/silicon interface. The found behavior is similar to that known for low-dimensional superconducting structures. In particular, we have observed Josephson-type oscillations in current-voltage (I-V) characteristics as well as their suppression by applied magnetic field. Moreover, the perpendicular magnetic field transforms the superconducting-like to insulating-like I-V characteristics resembling the magnetic-field-driven superconductor-insulator transition in Josephsonjunction-arrays. All these results indicate that graphite-silicon interface can be a promising material for the development of microelectronic devices without dissipation at room temperature
Mestrado
Supercondutividade
Mestre em Física
Yang, Lei. "New materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells to be powered by carbon- and sulfur-containing fuels." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39575.
Повний текст джерелаMENDONÇA, Suzana Kelly Gomes de. "Caracterização de Solos Tiomórficos da várzea do Rio Camocim, Caaporã, PB." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5353.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Low lands in Brazil have a great potential for agriculture, however, they have some limitations due to the presence of high water table and severe risk of flooding. When located near by the sea cost, these floodplains can have influence of the sea water, resulting in the presence of sulfide soils, which, if drained, can develop sulfuric horizons. The sulfuric horizons are mainly characterized by high levels of acidity and exchangeable aluminum, which can result in serious environmental impact to the ecosystem. The agriculture use of these soils requires a deep knowledge of soil physical, chemical and mineralogical properties, in order to support the development of sustainable management practices. The objective of this work was to study chemical and mineralogical properties of acid sulfate soils formed in the floodplain of Camocim river, Caaporã municipality, state of Paraíba. The main aim was to support decisions on the viability of sugarcane cropping in these areas. Soils were characterized morphologically and samples were collected along a transect from the high land towards the river channel. Besides the routine physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis, other determinations were carried out involving total sulfur, incubation pH, soluble anions, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract and sequential iron extraction. The soils were classified as: Argisolic,Dystric Tb Haplic Gleysol (P1) Typic Sapric Sulfide Organosol (P2), Organosolic Orthic Sulfide Gleysol (P3 and P4). Soil distribution in the landscape of the Camocim river floodplain is mainly related to the relief, which determines drainage, water table and, consequently, the soil forming processes related to water excess. The presence of sulfuric horizons occur at the surface, in the very poorly drained soil profiles, and at 43 cm depth in the poorly drained soils close to the river channel. The studied acid sulfate soils do not have salinity at present time, and the high electrical conductivity is determined by the formation sulfuric acid (H+ + SO4 2-) from pyrite oxidation. Sugarcane crop decay in the floodplain of Camocim River, after one year of cultivation was a consequente of the sulfuric horizon formation after the implementation of the drainage system in soils with sulfide materials. The main soil minerals, indentified by X-ray diffraction, in the clay fraction were jarosite quartz, feldspars, kaolinite, smectite (essentially montmorillonite), illite and gibbsite. Quartz and feldspars were the minerals identified in sand and silt fractions. The results of the iron sequential extraction showed predominance of non crystalline iron oxides and very low amounts or absence of iron associated with pyrite, reflecting the advanced oxidation stage determined by the drainage system.
As áreas de várzeas no Brasil apresentam um grande potencial para a agricultura, no entanto, estas áreas apresentam algumas limitações ao uso agrícola devido à presença de lençol freático elevado e risco freqüente de inundação. Quando localizadas em áreas litorâneas, estas áreas podem sofrer influência marinha podendo apresentar solos tiomórficos que, quando drenados, formam horizonte sulfúrico, caracterizados principalmente pela elevada acidez, elevados teores de alumínio trocável, podendo causar sérios impactos ambientais no ecossistema onde ocorrem. A incorporação destas áreas no processo produtivo depende de um profundo conhecimento das propriedades físicas, mineralógicas e principalmente químicas, de forma a subsidiar o desenvolvimento de técnicas sustentáveis de manejo. Neste contexto, foi realizada a caracterização física, química, mineralógica, além da extração sequencial de ferro de solos tiomórficos desenvolvidos na várzea do rio Camocim, no município de Caaporã, PB. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a ocorrência de solos tiomórficos e caracterizá-los, com o fim de obter subsídios para a tomada de decisão de incorporar estas áreas ao cultivo de cana-de-açúcar ou mantê-las nas condições naturais. Para tanto foi feito um transecto perpendicular ao canal principal do rio, a partir das terras altas, onde foram descritos e coletados quatro perfis de solo. Em campo foi realizada a caracterização morfológica dos perfis e coletadas amostras para as análises físicas, químicas e mineralógicas de rotina, além de análises específicas para determinação do enxofre total, pH de incubação, ânions solúveis, CE do extrato da pasta saturada e extração sequencial de ferro. Os solos foram classificados como Gleissolo Háplico Tb Distrófico argissólico (P1), Organossolo Tiomórfico Sáprico típico (P2) e Gleissolo Tiomórfico Órtico organossólico (P3 e P4). A distribuição dos solos na várzea do rio Camocim guarda estreita relação com o relevo, que condiciona a drenagem e, consequentemente, os processos de formação relacionados com o excesso de água. A presença de horizonte sulfúrico foi constatada a partir do horizonte superficial nos perfis muito mal drenados da planície de inundação, e a partir de 43 cm, nos solos mal drenados da ombreira. Os solos tiomórficos estudados não apresentam salinidade, sendo a alta condutividade elétrica resultante da formação de ácido sulfúrico proveniente da oxidação da pirita (H+ e SO4 2-). A degradação do canavial em grandes áreas da várzea do rio Camocim, após um ano de cultivo, foi consequência da formação do horizonte sulfúrico com a drenagem da área, tendo em vista que os materiais sulfídricos ocorrem desde a superfície. Os minerais identificados por DRX foram: jarosita, quartzo, feldspatos, caulinita, esmectita (essencialmente montmorilonita), ilita e gibbsita, na fração argila. Quartzo e feldspatos foram os minerais identificados nas frações areia e silte. Os valores da extração sequencial de ferro mostraram predomínio de formas não cristalinas de óxidos de ferro e baixíssimos teores ou ausência de ferro associado à pirita, indicando que os solos tiomórficos estudados apresentam avançado estágio de oxidação, promovido pela drenagem realizada na área de estudo na tentativa de viabilizar o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar.
Benešová, Petra. "Stanovení nejvhodnějšího poměru katodových materiálů pro systém lithium-síra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442427.
Повний текст джерелаWozny, Sarah. "From Copper Zinc Tin Sulfur to Perovskites: Fabrication and Characterization of New Generation of Solar Cells." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2045.
Повний текст джерелаBaughman, Jessi Alan. "Solid-State NMR Characterization of Polymeric and Inorganic Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428198096.
Повний текст джерелаDontsova, Dariya. "Titania based photocatalytically active layer-by-layer coatings on model surfaces and textile materials." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6203.
Повний текст джерелаThe photocatalytic properties of commercially available and synthesized catalysts were studied for on-stream decomposition of a model odorous compound hydrogen sulphide (H2S) under UV-A and visible light irradiation. A simplified qualitative model for visualization of the catalyst deactivation is proposed. Further, catalysts were incorporated into multilayer films using different polyelectrolytes. Such films were characterized by ellipsometry, AFM, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM on model surfaces. These films are homogeneous and transparent, and their porosity allow for almost free mass transport of the volatile compounds within the film. In order to test the photocatalytic activity of LbL films containing catalysts, such films were assembled on tubular glass reactors (with the diameter of 2. 7 cm and the length of 40 cm) and subjected to H2S flow under UV-A irradiation. The activity of films was found to be proportional to the number of film constituent layers of catalyst and dependent on the chemical nature of the film constituent polyelectrolyte. After the film structure was optimized with respect to catalytic component and polyelectrolyte component, the most efficient films were deposited on cotton textiles, and their photocatalytic activity was measured for on-stream decomposition of H2S under visible light irradiation. Further, the potential applications of such LbL-coated textiles for the removal of other common indoor pollutants were exemplified by decomposition of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and ammonia gas under visible light irradiation
Furusawa, Hélio Akira. "Razão isotópica de enxofre em material atmosférico por ICPMS de alta resolução." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-02022016-163423/.
Повний текст джерелаPolluted areas like the Great São Paulo nave a compltex pollution composition. The knowledge of this composition is essential in order to minimize or controt tne dífferent sources. Several atmospheric pollution studies have been done analyzing the inorganic fraction in samples collected in filters, solutions and other media. In this study, the sulfur isotopic ratio determination by using the mass spectrometry with an argon plasma as a source of ions is presented. A double focusing sector field mass spectrometer with an argon plasma, HR-ICPMS, was used. Since 8000 resolution (m/Δm} can be achieved, the 32S and 34S sulfur isotopes can be directly measured with no interferences from the common isobaric interferences (oxygen compounds). Tne isotopic ratio was determined in materials collected by using a high volume sampler. These samples were collected in São Paulo, in the King George Island; Antarctic and directly from the gases exhaust of agasoline and diesel vehicles. Two different filters were used : an external glass fiber filter was used to collect the gross fraction followed by two KOH-Triethanolamine impregnated cellulose filter to collect S)2. Two extraction procedures were used. The first one is an energetic extraction with nitric acid and micro-wave heating and the second one only with water being the soluble sulfur compounds extracted from the filters after had left 24 hours in a beaker with water. Mass discrimination was evaluated by analyzing the NlST 8555 Silver Sulphide Reference Material. As the mass discrimination is more prominent in light elements, the reference material solution was analyzed within a sequence of 5 or 6 samples. The results indicated dífferent isotopic ratio between the solutions obtained with these two extraction procedures. Different isotopic ratios were also observed in the sulfur isotopic composition in the gross and the fine fraction. This is probably due to different sulfur species present preferentially in a given fraction. The quantitative analyses of metals revealed a high Fe concentration (5000-20000 ng/m3) and lower concentrations (<300 ng/m3) to the others (Mn, Cu, Cr, Ní, V, Sr, Co, Co, Ncf, Go, Ir, Rh, Zr, Re and Ag). lron was associated to the soil dust. Neodymium, Gd, Ir, Rh, Re and Ag were associated to the soil dust and to the vehicles emissions. Manganese, Cu, Cr, Ni, V and Sr were associated to the vehicles emissions.
López, Alfaro Emilio José. "Estudio Experimental de la Permeabilidad de Materiales Depositados en Pilas de Lixiviación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102744.
Повний текст джерелаYamamoto, Hiroki. "Syntheses, Structures, and Applications of Inorganic Materials Functionalized by Fluorine." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263756.
Повний текст джерелаCampbell, Christopher. "The Effect of Pressure on Cathode Performance in the Lithium Sulfur Battery." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312669.
Повний текст джерелаBozeman, Joe Frank III. "SULFUR-TOLERANT CATALYST FOR THE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1276835949.
Повний текст джерелаBurger, Emilien. "Métallurgie extractive protohistorique du cuivre :Etude thermodynamique et cinétique des réactions chimiques de transformation de minerais de cuivre sulfurés en métal et caractérisation des procédés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368257.
Повний текст джерелаFraccaroli, Mathias. "Synthèse par CVD/ALD sur grandes surfaces d'un sulfure de vanadium transparent et conducteur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT006.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of functional diversification (“More than Moore”), transition sulfides are currently being actively studied for original optical devices production. Some materials in this family have a lamellar structure, similar to graphene like vanadium sulfides. The synthesis of these lamellar films remains actively dominated by high-temperature CVD processes (> 550 ° C). However, in order to hope the development of a reliable synthesis methods, it's important to reduce this deposition temperature which leads to a poor uniformity and a poor conformity. In this work we have studied the potential of a chemical vapor deposition approach at low temperature (200 ° C). This method allow us to obtain an amorphous vanadium sulfide film on a 300 mm wafer and point out theirability to self-reorganize in order to obtain a lamellar film of V7S8 after thermal annealing. A 5.2nm film has interesting optical and electrical properties; this film is conductive with a carrier density of 1.1.1023 cm-3, the holes are the main charges carriers (type p), a mobility of 0.2 cm2. (Vs) -1, a conductivity of 1063 S.cm -1, an output work of 4.8 eV while preserving good transparency (transmittance of 75% for a wavelength of 550nm)
Miu, Kevin (Kevin K. ). "The development of autocatalytic structural materials for use in the sulfur-iodine process for the production of hydrogen." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36724.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 63).
The Sulfur-Iodine Cycle for the thermochemical production of hydrogen offers many benefits to traditional methods of hydrogen production. As opposed to steam methane reforming - the most prevalent method of hydrogen production today - there are no carbon dioxide emissions. Compared to other methods of hydrogen production, the efficiency of the cycle is excellent. Due to the high temperatures necessary for the cycle, which are generally greater than 8500C, several of the Generation IV nuclear reactor concepts are attractive thermal energy sources. However, the high temperature and corrosive reaction conditions of the cycle, involving reactions including the decomposition of H2SO4 at 400-9000C, present formidable corrosion challenges. The conversion of sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide was the focus of this study. The alloying of structural materials to platinum has been proposed as a solution to this problem. A catalytic loop to test the materials was constructed. Sulfuric acid was pumped over the material at 903+20C. The sulfur dioxide production of the catalyst was measured as a means of quantifying the efficiency of the system as a function of temperature.
(cont.) The maximum possible production of the material was calculated by using a mass balance. A gas chromatograph was used to calculate the actual production of sulfur dioxide. The results of the experiment show that an molecular conversion efficiency of 10% is attained when operating at 900C while using 800H + 5%Pt as a catalyst. The research confirms the catalytic activity of the material.
by Kevin Miu.
S.B.
LE, PERSON Jenny. "Verres de sulfures: spectroscopie des ions de terres-rares, fibres microstructurées et nouvelles compositions." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009279.
Повний текст джерела