Дисертації з теми "Suivi des particules"
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Bonnier, Florent. "Algorithmes parallèles pour le suivi de particules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV080/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe complexity of these new generations of distributed architectures is essencially due to a high number of multi-core nodes. Most of the nodes can be heterogeneous and sometimes remote. Today, nor the high number of nodes, nor the processes that compose the nodes are exploited by most of applications and numerical libraries. The approach of most of parallel libraries (PBLAS, ScalAPACK, P_ARPACK) consists in implementing the distributed version of its base operations, which means that the subroutines of these libraries can not adapt their behaviors to the data types. These subroutines must be defined once for use in the sequential case and again for the parallel case. The object-oriented approach allows the modularity and scalability of some digital libraries (such as PETSc) and the reusability of sequential and parallel code. This modern approach to modelize sequential/parallel libraries is very promising because of its reusability and low maintenance cost. In industrial applications, the need for the use of software engineering techniques for scientific computation, whose reusability is one of the most important elements, is increasingly highlighted. However, these techniques are not yet well defined. The search for methodologies for designing and producing reusable libraries is motivated by the needs of the industries in this field. The main objective of this thesis is to define strategies for designing a parallel library for Lagrangian particle tracking using a component approach. These strategies should allow the reuse of the sequential code in the parallel versions while allowing the optimization of the performances. The study should be based on a separation between the control flow and the data flow management. It should extend to models of parallelism allowing the exploitation of a large number of cores in shared and distributed memory
Chenouard, Nicolas. "Avancées en suivi probabiliste de particules pour l'imagerie biologique." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560530.
Повний текст джерелаChon-Sen, Nathalie Dracos Marcos. "Caractéristiques et suivi du trajectographe électronique de la cible d'OPERA : étude des événements électroniques." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/secure/00001109/01/CHON-SEN_Nathalie_2009.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHegron, Lise. "Suivi par émission acoustique de la compaction de particules fragiles d' UO2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4740/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the options considered for recycling minor actinides is to incorporate about 10% to UO2 matrix. The presence of open pores interconnected within this fuel should allow the evacuation of helium and fission gases to prevent swelling of the pellet and ultimately its interaction with the fuel clad surrounding it.Implementation of minor actinides requires working in shielded cell, reducing their retention and outlawing additions of organic products. The use of fragmentable particles of several hundred micrometers seems a good solution to control the microstructure of the green compacts and thus control the open porosity after sintering.The goal of this study is to monitor the compaction of brittle UO2 particles by acoustic emission and to link the particle characteristics to the open porosity obtained after the compact sintering.The signals acquired during tensile strength tests on individual granules and compacts show that the acoustic emission allows the detection of the mechanism of fragmentation and enables identification of a characteristic waveform of this fragmentation.The influences of compaction stress, of the initial particle size distribution and of the internal cohesion of the granules, on the mechanical strength of the compact and on the microstructure and open porosity of the sintered pellets, are analyzed.By its ability to identify the range of fragmentation of the granules during compaction, acoustic emission appears as a promising technique for monitoring the compaction of brittle particles in the manufacture of a controlled porosity fuel
Cajgfinger, Thomas. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du suivi de particules uniques en conditions extrêmes : imagerie aux photons uniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770124.
Повний текст джерелаCajgfinger, Thomas. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale du suivi de particules uniques en conditions extrêmes : imagerie aux photons uniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999629.
Повний текст джерелаFu, Sijie. "Vélocimétrie par suivi 3D de particules pour la caractérisation des champs thermo-convectifs dans le bâtiment." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4078/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to conduct a comprehensive study on 3D Particle Tracking velocimetry (PTV) for thermal convective indoor airflow. This work mainly concentrates on the literature survey, the performance evaluation of 3D PTV measurement algorithms, and the experimental investigation for thermal convective indoor airflow using 3D PTV measurement technology. First, typical 3D PTV technology and its main previous applications for indoor airflow study are carefully reviewed. Then, the performances of different 3D PTV measurement algorithms are evaluated numerically and experimentally. Two sections consist of this part, one is to compare the measurement performances of typical PIV algorithm and 3D PTV algorithm, another is to compare the performances of seven complete 3D PTV algorithms. Last, based on the analysis in the thesis, the experimental investigation for indoor airflow generated by mixing ventilation method is conducted
Chon-Sen, Nathalie. "Caractéristiques et suivi du trajectographe électronique de la cible d'OPERA : étude des événements électroniques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392483.
Повний текст джерелаPétrissans, Anélie. "Sur les modèles stochastiques lagrangiens de suivi de particules dans un champ turbulent et leur application en écoulements gaz-solide confinés." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10194.
Повний текст джерелаThis work lies on the Lagrangian approach of particle dispersion in a turbulent flow. The fluid turbulent motion at the discrete particle location is predicted using a stochastic model based on the knowledge of the autocorrelation coefficient of the fluid " seen " by the particle. The proposed stochastic model ARMA(2,1) is consistent with Wang and Stock's analytical form (1993) describing the autocorrelation function of the fluid seen. A parametric study of the particle dispersion in a homogeneous, isotropic stationary turbulent flow has shown that a non-linear drag force can make the particle anisotropy more pronounced. Our study has been extended to gas-solid pipe flows. Several dispersion models have been compared. We have put emphasis that in the case of small particles it is very important to correctly model the non homogeneous character of the turbulent flow
Briane, Vincent. "Tests statistiques pour l’analyse de trajectoires de particules : application à l’imagerie intracellulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S137/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we are interested in quantifying the dynamics of intracellular particles, as proteins or molecules, inside living cells. In fact, inference on the modes of mobility of molecules is central in cell biology since it reflects the interactions between the structures of the cell. We model the particle trajectories with stochastic processes as the interior of a living cell is a fluctuating environment. Diffusions are stochastic processes with continuous paths and can model a large range of intracellular movements. Biophysicists distinguish three main types of diffusions, namely Brownian motion, superdiffusion and subdiffusion. These different diffusion processes correspond to distinct biological scenarios. A particle evolving freely inside the cytosol or along the plasma membrane is modelled by Brownian motion; the particle does not travel along any particular direction and can take a very long time to go to a precise area in the cell. Active intracellular transport can overcome this difficulty so that motion is faster and direct specific. In this case, particles are carried by molecular motors along microtubular filament networks and their motion is modelled with superdiffusions. Subdiffusion can be observed in two cases i/ when the particle is confined in a microdomain, ii/ when the particle is hindered by molecular crowding and encounters dynamic or fixed obstacles. We develop a statistical test for classifying the observed trajectories into the three groups of diffusion of interest namely Brownian motion, super-diffusion and subdiffusion. We also design an algorithm to detect the changes of dynamics along a single trajectory. We define the change points as the times at which the particle switches from one diffusion type (Brownian motion, superdiffusion or subdiffusion) to another. Finally, we combine a clustering algorithm with our test procedure to identify micro domains that is zones where the particles are confined. Molecular interactions of great importance for the functioning of the cell take place in such areas
Ete, Rémi. "Développement d’un algorithme de suivi de particules pour l’ILC : outils de surveillance de qualité de données en ligne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1034/document.
Повний текст джерелаAfter the discovery of a Higgs boson compatible with the standard model one at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), future project of particle colliders such as the ILC are suggested to succeed the LHC. The two detectors at the collision point, the International Large Detector (ILD) and the Silicon Detector (SiD), are generalist detectors, deigned to allow the application of particle flow algorithms, main topic of interest of this thesis.The semi-digital hadronic calorimeter (SDHCAL), mainly developped at the IPNL, is one the options for the hadronic calorimeterof the ILD detector. The researches presented in this thesis are focused on particle flow development based on the tree topology of hadronic showers. After a first implementation for the SDHCAL physics prototype, a second one is proposed to reconstruct the particles from collisions in the ILD detector. Using Monte-Carlo data samples, physics performances are extracted. In the first version case, results are compared to available test beam data recorded by the SDHCAL prototype at CERN.In parrallel of this work, a data quality monitoring framework, called DQM4HEP, has been developped. Analyzes specific to SDHCAL data taken during beam tests have been deployed in order to test the software
Noriega, Philippe. "Modèle du corps humain pour le suivi de gestes en monoculaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807950.
Повний текст джерелаZhou, Yifan. "Suivi de multi-objet non-rigide par filtrage à particules dans des systèmes multi-caméra : application à la vidéo surveillance." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14096/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe video surveillance is believed to play a so important role in the crime prevention that only in France, the number of cameras installed at public thoroughfare was tripled in the year 2009, from 20 000 to 60 000. Even though its increasing use has triggered a large debate about security versus privacy, it seems that no government has a willingness to stop the surveillance popularity. However, if we just put aside this social anxiety, from the scientific point of view, millions of surveillance systems do offer us a rich database and an exciting motivation for the multimedia research. We focus on the multiple non-rigid object tracking based on the Particle Filter method in multiple camera environments in this dissertation. The method of Multi-resolution Particle Filter Tracking with Consistency Check is firstly introduced as the basis of our tracking system. It is especially used for single non-rigid object tracking in videos of low and variable frame rate. It is then extended to track multiple non-rigid objects, denoted as Multi-object Particle Filter Tracking with Dual Consistency Check. It is in particularly applied to the challenge TRECVID 2009. An automatic semantic event detection and identification is integrated at last. Our tracking method is later extended from mono-camera to multi-camera environments. It is used for the single non-rigid object tracking with the interaction of cameras. Finally, a system named Multi-object Particle Filter Tracking with Event analysis is designed for tracking two non-rigid objects in two-camera environments. Our tracking system can be easily applied to various video surveillance systems since no prior knowledge of the scene is required
Touzis, Emeline. "Contribution à la formulation de produits solides : dispositif expérimental de suivi de la porosité, tortuosité et perméabilité au cours de la libération d'un soluté." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EMSE0032.
Повний текст джерелаThis study describes a non destructive experimental method based on following a gas displacement to give the simultaneous measurement of granular and transport properties in a loose random packing subject to dissolution of one component. Measurements are made on packing of monosized spheres for different sizes of particles and of monosized nonspherical particles in order to understand the influence of particles size and shape on porosity, tortuosity and permeability. These experiments are followed by similar measurements during a leaching process of a glass bead packing, which have been previously coated with a polymer in a fluidised bed apparatus. Thus, the gas displacement experiment allows characterising the granular packing and the use of a liquid allows the alteration of the media. The alternation of gas and liquid flows through the granular packing give an information on how the structure properties are modified during the leaching process
Szewc, Kamil. "Développement d'une approche particulaire de type SPH pour la modélisation des écoulements multiphasiques avec interfaces variables." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0328/document.
Повний текст джерелаSmoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a fully Lagrangian, particle based approach for fluid-flow simulations. One of its advantages over Eulerian techniques is no need of a numerical grid. Therefore, there is no necessity to handle the interface shape as it is done in Volume-of-Fluid, Lavel-Set or Front-Tracking methods. Thus, the SPH approach is increasingly used for hydro-engineering and geophysical applications involving free-surface flows where the natural treatment of evolving interfaces makes it an attractive method. However, for real-life multi-phase simulations this method has only started to be considered and many problems like a proper formulation or a spurious fragmentation of the interface remain to be solved. One of the aims of this work is to critically analyse the existing SPH variants and assess their suitability for complex multi-phase problems. For modelling the surface-tension phenomena the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) methods are validated and used. The natural convection phenomena are modeled using a new, more general formulation, beyond the Boussinesq approximation. A substantial part of the work is devoted to the problem of a spurious fragmentation of the interface (the micro-mixing of SPH particles). Its negative effects and possible remedies are extensively discussed and a new variant is proposed. Contrary to general opinion, it is proven that the micro-mixing is not only the problem of flows with neglegible surface tension. A significant part of this work is devoted to the modelling of bubbles rising through liquids, including bubble-bubble interactions. The SPH simulations were performed for several flow regimes corresponding to different relative importance of surface tension, viscosity and buoyancy effects. The predicted topological changes, bubble terminal velocity and drag coefficients were validated with respect to reference experimental data and compared to other numerical methods. In the work, fundamental concepts of assuring the incompressibility constraint in SPH are also recalled. An important part of work is a thorough comparison of two different incompressibility treatments: the weakly compressible approach, where a suitably chosen equation of state is used, and truly incompressible method (in two basic variants), where the velocity field is projected onto a divergence-free space. Their usefulness for multi-phase modelling is discussed. Problems associated with the numerical setup are investigated, and an optimal choice of the computational parameters is proposed and verified. For these purposes the study is supported by many two- and three-dimensional validation cases. In addition, the present work opens new perspectives to future simulations of boiling phenomena using the SPH method. First ideas and sketches for the implementation of the liquid-vapour phase change are presented
Balakrishnan, Nair Gireeshkumar. "Diffusion de particules dans des gels de protéines et aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710630.
Повний текст джерелаDahan, Maxime. "Nanocristaux semiconducteurs: des sources de lumière pour l'optique et la biologie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113908.
Повний текст джерелаLapointe-Garant, Pierre-Philippe. "Développement d'une méthode PAT basée sur la technique NIR pour le suivi de l'uniformité d'un mélange particulaire pharmaceutique et l'évaluation de la taille moyenne des particules." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1493.
Повний текст джерелаBillotey, Claire. "Etude des propriétés des nanoparticules magnétiques anioniques pour l' application au marquage cellulaire direct et la détection in vivo par imagerie par résonance magnétique." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077015.
Повний текст джерелаChu, Tien Dat. "Dynamique sédimentaire en zone côtière dans les cas de sédiments multi-classes." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe sediment dynamics in coastal zone results from very complex interaction between the hydrodynamic forcing (wave, current, tide) and marine sediments which generally exhibit different sizes, densities and shapes. This interaction often leads to the formation of ripples on the bed and the phenomenon of sediment-sorting. The ripples and the sediment segregation significantly influence the sediment transport by changing the bottom roughness, the structure of the bed boundary layer and the dissipation of the hydrodynamic forcing. This thesis focuses on the sediment dynamics in coastal zone in the case of heterogeneous sediments in size and density. The objective of this work is to provide a contribution to the understanding and the modeling of the process which control the sediment transport and sediment-sorting under the action of waves. The experimental tests were conducted in wave flume and a theoretical study was made
Balakrishnan, Nair Gireeshkumar. "Particle diffusion in protein gels and at interfaces." Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the thesis was to investigate the mobility of tracer particles in complex media byConfocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) combined with multiple particle tracking (MPT)and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).First, we investigated the diffusion of tracer particles in gels formed by globular proteins. Gelswith a variety of structures were prepared by varying the protein and salt concentrations. Thestructure was characterized by analysis of the CLSM images in terms of the pair correlationfunction. The mobility of particles with a broad range of sizes (2nm - 1μm) was investigatedboth in homogeneous and heterogeneous gels and related to the gel structure.Second, we studied water-in-water-emulsions prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of PEO anddextran. It is shown that when colloidal particles are added they become trapped at the waterwaterinterface because they reduce the interfacial tension. The structure and the displacement ofthe particles at the interface were determined using CLSM combined with MPT
Gidel, Samuel. "Méthode de détection et de suivi multi-piétons multi-capteurs embarquée sur un véhicule routier: application à un environnement urbain." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719262.
Повний текст джерелаLesnicki, Dominika. "Flots microscopiques et mécanisme de la diffusion en phase liquide." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066256/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work proposes to reconcile the points of view developed by microscopic theories and hydrodynamics on diffusion. We test the hydrodynamics hypothesis and try reformulate them from microscopic arguments. In particular, for a laminar viscous liquid, the exerced force on a spherical particle or the velocity field around the spherical particle with a prescribed velocity, respectively described by the Basset-Boussinesq force and the Stokes flow, will be the object of our investigation. Is their form relevant at microscopic scale ? If so, how can we express them at the molecular scale ? To do so, we realized molecular simulations and based our developement thanks to the Mori-Zwanzig theory which gives us exact microscopic relations. Initally, we study the evolution of fluctuations of the particle in order to interpret the behaviour at long times and link it with inertia, diffusion and hydrodynamics. Then we propose a novel approch to extract the microscopic flow of Lennard-Jones or granular fluids in order to compare it directly with the hydrodynamic solutions, which allows us to study boundary conditions. We were able to develop an analytical expression for boundary conditions of the flow where fluctuations play a key role. Thanks to our developed analysis tools, we also investigate the coupling between the translational and rotational movement. Finally, we extend our investigation to more realistic fluids such as aqueous solutions and water
Banerjee, Anusuya. "Novel, Targettable Bioimaging Probes Using Conjugates of Quantum Dots and DNA." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066376/document.
Повний текст джерелаQuantum dots (QD) are new generation of versatile probes for biology, particularly for bioimaging. For specific applications, QDs are conjugated to biomolecules such as nucleic acid or proteins and subsequently targeted to unique intra-cellular pathways. Building upon the state-of-the-art ligands for water-dispersible QDs developed by the lab, a novel and highly generalizable method to conjugate DNA to QD is developed in this thesis. This method employs thiols present on polymers on QDs for conjugation to maleimide-functionalized DNA. Extensive characterization of parameters affecting this reaction is carried out and the strategy is extended to other nanoparticles and biomolecules. Following this, a novel method to conjugate proteins to QD via DNA hybridization is discussed. Using a model protein Transferrin (Tf), the unique properties of thus generated QD-DNA-Tf conjugates are studied in-vitro and in-cellulo. These conjugates are subsequently used for tracking endosomal dynamics for up-to 20 minutes, exploiting the fullest potential of QDs for live imaging. In the last part, additional studies on factors affecting the ‘biological performance’ of QDs are carried out. Using a range of highly adaptable polymeric ligands developed by the group, interactions of surface-modified QDs with the biological interface are probed. Systematic biochemical and cellular experiments demonstrate that QDs coated with zwitterionic polymers have superior antifouling properties compared to poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymers and stability in diverse biological contexts
Nidhi, Vagisha. "Radiotactic colloids : towards the Decontamination Nanobots." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF052.
Повний текст джерелаTraditional methods of decontamination face significant challenges, such as difficulty in accessing complex or confined spaces, high amount of waste, etc. There is still a need for the development of new methods to reach complex geometries with effective decontamination processes. While macro-robots have been useful in large-scale decontamination tasks, their size limits their ability to navigate in intricate environments. Micro or nano robots, on the other hand, can traverse small, complex spaces and target specific contamination sites, making them more suitable for detailed decontamination work. In this context, this thesis studies the capacities of micro/nanoparticles to move towards contaminated spot in complex geometries, by mimicing the chemotaxism guided by H₂O₂ (product of water radiolysis). To this end, the large-scale synthesis and mobility of active colloids, in particular Janus particles is described. A set of different assemblies of gold particles on silica (isotropic or Janus assembly, discrete nanoparticles or continuous gold layer) were prepared, characterized and compared. Their movements were monitored in different environments. A key part of this work was the developement of a microfluidic device capable of generating stable hydrogen peroxide gradients. This device was essential to study the directionnal orientation of the different particles. This work showed that silica-gold assemblies could move autonomously towards a source of H₂O₂, which could make them effective for targeting radioactive contamination sites. We have also shown that isotropic assemblies, which are simpler to prepare, can also exhibit directional movement
Banerjee, Anusuya. "Novel, Targettable Bioimaging Probes Using Conjugates of Quantum Dots and DNA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066376.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаQuantum dots (QD) are new generation of versatile probes for biology, particularly for bioimaging. For specific applications, QDs are conjugated to biomolecules such as nucleic acid or proteins and subsequently targeted to unique intra-cellular pathways. Building upon the state-of-the-art ligands for water-dispersible QDs developed by the lab, a novel and highly generalizable method to conjugate DNA to QD is developed in this thesis. This method employs thiols present on polymers on QDs for conjugation to maleimide-functionalized DNA. Extensive characterization of parameters affecting this reaction is carried out and the strategy is extended to other nanoparticles and biomolecules. Following this, a novel method to conjugate proteins to QD via DNA hybridization is discussed. Using a model protein Transferrin (Tf), the unique properties of thus generated QD-DNA-Tf conjugates are studied in-vitro and in-cellulo. These conjugates are subsequently used for tracking endosomal dynamics for up-to 20 minutes, exploiting the fullest potential of QDs for live imaging. In the last part, additional studies on factors affecting the ‘biological performance’ of QDs are carried out. Using a range of highly adaptable polymeric ligands developed by the group, interactions of surface-modified QDs with the biological interface are probed. Systematic biochemical and cellular experiments demonstrate that QDs coated with zwitterionic polymers have superior antifouling properties compared to poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymers and stability in diverse biological contexts
Baudoin, Raphael. "Développement d'une technique de vélocimétrie laser en trois dimensions par suivi de particules basée sur le principe de défocalisation et son application autour d'obstacles en aval d'une grille." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC027/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to validate the numerical simulation of the mixing phenomena downstream a spacer grid in the reactor core, reaching the 3rd velocity component through experimental studies is of major importance since mechanical structures responses are linked to transverse velocities. Nevertheless the main difficulty relies on applying a non-intrusive velocimetry technique around obstacles composed of a vertical set of rods. So far only 1D and 2D temporal studies have been performed.Hence, numerical methods have been widely used to predict correctly those transverse velocities and the turbulence level downstream the grid. However, CFD codes are to be validated with experimental measurements leading to a better understanding of the detailed flow structure in the mixing process. Therefore we propose to present in this study the application of a 3D time resolved velocity measurement technique to a hydraulic test facility. The approach is to use a tracking strategy, in which individual particles are first detected then followed in time - 3D time resolved Particle Tracking Velocimetry.This PhD Thesis presents results obtained in a hydraulic test section using a tracking based approach with two cameras. At first, a new extension of the defocussing technique to recover particles location in time with one camera is presented and the methodology o get individual velocity vector is then described. Applications and validations of the technique in dedicated flows allow to determinate and quantify measurement uncertainties. Then the hydraulic test section is introduced together with preliminary flow characterization using Laser Doppler Velocimetry or 2D time resolved PIV analysis. Finally, two cameras measurements are reported and post-processing techniques are discussed
Cantaut-Belarif, Yasmine. "Régulations par la microglie de la dynamique des récepteurs aux neurotransmetteurs inhibiteurs dans les synapses de moelle épinière." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066088/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhereas synapses are relatively stable structures, their molecular constituents are continuously recycled and exchanged in time and space. Each of the molecules that contribute to build synaptic structures is renewed with specific kinetics, depending on their organisation in the postsynaptic densities. The compatibility between a dynamic behaviour and a long-term maintenance of synapses implies to think synapses as multi-molecular assemblies in a dynamic equilibrium. Several parameters can influence the dynamics of receptors to neurotransmitters(RNT) at synaptic sites, including neuronal activity and extracellular matrix proteins. However,the role of glial cells in this mechanism is unknown. During my thesis work, I explored the roleof microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, on the lateral diffusion ofRNT and synaptic efficacy at spinal cord inhibitory postsynaptic densities. My work demonstrates for the first time a partnership between microglia and synapses. It shows that immune cells can take part to the regulation of synaptic strength very rapidly but also at basal state, by regulating RNT dynamics. Furthermore it identifies microglia as a key partner for a heterocellular stabilization of synaptic receptors. This work raises the intriguing possibility that the general regulation of network activity may also be explained by a fine modulation of receptors stability at the synapse controlled by microglia
Ranchon, Hubert. "Développement d'outils analytiques par et pour la microfluidique : caractérisation d'écoulements d'objets dissous et intégration d'un système de séparation sans matrice de biomolécules." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956686.
Повний текст джерелаHaziza, Simon. "Quantification du transport intraneuronal par suivi de nanodiamants fluorescents. Application à l’étude de l’impact fonctionnel de facteurs de risque génétiques associés aux maladies neuropsychiatriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe identification of molecular biomarkers of brain diseases as diverse as autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, is of crucial importance not only for an objective diagnosis but also to monitor response to treatments. The establishment and maintenance of sub-cellular neuronal functions, such as synaptic plasticity, are highly dependent on intracellular transport, which is essential to deliver important materials to specific locations. Abnormalities in such active transport are thought to be partly responsible for synaptic plasticity and neuronal morphology impairment found in many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This thesis reports (i) the development of a quantification technic of intraneuronal transport based on fluorescent nanodiamonds (fNDs) tracking; (ii) the application of this simple and minimally invasive approach to the functional analysis of neuropsychiatric disease-related genetic variants.This manuscript falls into four chapters. The first one details the complex polygenic architecture of mental disorders and demonstrates the disease relevance of monitoring the intraneuronal transport. The second and the third chapters are dedicated to the nanodiamond-tracking assay and describe the fNDs internalisation strategies, the spatiotemporal quantitative readouts and the validation of the technic. The high brightness, the perfect photostability and the absence of cytotoxicity make fNDs a tool of choice to perform high throughput long-term bioimaging at high spatiotemporal resolution. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we apply this new functional analysis method to study the effect of genetic variants associated to autism and schizophrenia. We established transgenic mouse lines in which MARK1 and SLC25A12 genes were slightly overexpressed, and AAV-shRNA to induce AUTS2 gene haploinsufficiency. Our molecular diagnosis assay proves sufficiently sensitive to detect fine changes in intraneuronal transport dynamic, paving the way for future development in translational nanomedicine
Viennet, David. "Utilisation de la morphogranulométrie dans le suivi source to sink du transfert particulaire dans les bassins versants." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR016.
Повний текст джерелаSource to sink is one of the main concepts in Earth Sciences for a better knowledge of hydrosystems dynamics. Regarding this issue, one challenge consists in the characterization by in-situ measurements of the sources of suspended sediment, or sediment source fingerprinting. Few methods can fully cover such requirements and among them, the methodology using the grain shape deserves to be developed. Indeed, morphometry of particles is widely used in sedimentology to identify different sedimentary stocks, source-to-sink transport and sedimentation mechanisms. Currently, most grain shape analyses are carried out with a scanning electron microscope coupled to image analysis to measure various size and shape descriptors on particles like elongation, circularity, bluntness or fractal dimension. However, complexity and time of analysis are the main limitations of this technique for a long-term monitoring of SPM transfers. Here we present an experimental morphometric approach using a morphogranulometer (a CCD camera coupled to a peristaltic pump). The camera takes pictures while the sample is circulating through a flow cell, leading to the analysis of numerous particles in a short time. The image analysis provides size and shape information discriminating various particles stocks by statistical analyses. The aim of this thesis is (1) to calibrate the device and understand how the size and shape data can discriminate pure sediment samples; (2) use those results to evaluate the contribution of contrasted sedimentary sources in a mix; (3) to establish a measurement and data analysis protocol; and (4) use those protocol and methodology for several case studies of sediment transfers in various hydrosystems. The first case study presented concern the watershed of the Thio river, on which there is mining activity. A sediment fingerprinting study using size and shape characterization was carried on. The sediment sources of the different tributaries of the Thio river were analyzed as sources and the sediments of the main river itself were used as mixes of these sources. A model of the contributions of the sources in the mixes was achieved and its results show great coherence. It brings information on the transfers of the sediments between the different tributaries and the Thio river which will be later combined to other studies using different fingerprinting methods to evaluate the impact of the mining activity in these transfers. The second study focus on the karstic watershed of the Hannetot spring. Measurements were carried out on various field samples, from suspended sediments to core samples. Several experiments allowed to identify the varying contributions of different sediment sources through time. Several proxies were identified, seasonal and meteorological, as controlling factor for these variations. The last study is also a fingerprinting study of a karstic system. Its aim is to evaluate the origin of sediment sampled during turbidity peaks in the drinking water well of the town of Gisors. The source contribution model identified several potential sources of sediments and shows the increased contributions of certain sources during the flood period. All those studies shows that size and shape measured with the morphogranulometer are a good tracer for fingerprinting studies. They also demonstrate that this technique performs better in combination to other methods and brings the need to carry more studies combining morphogranulometry with several other fingerprinting techniques
Wang, Lili. "The role of synaptopodin for the diffusion of membrane protein in the dendritic spine neck." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаLateral diffusion in and outside synapses plays a key role in the accumulation of receptors at synapses, which critically determines the efficacy of synaptic neurotransmission. Therefore, to better understand the trapping of neurotransmitter receptors in synapses, it is important to investigate the mechanisms that may affect receptors diffusion and their capacity to reach synapses. The neck of dendritic spine imposes a diffusional barrier that is considered to depend on the length and diameter of the spine neck. The origin of this barrier could be purely geometrical or could be induced by the presence of specific barriers/obstacles for diffusion. A subpopulation of spines contains a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum in the spine neck called spine apparatus. The actin-binding protein synaptopodin (SP) is tightly associated with the spine apparatus and participates in synaptic plasticity mechanisms. The central question of my research was to assess whether the presence of the SP affects the diffusion of receptors in the spine neck and to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms. To study membrane diffusion, I have developed three different probes: a construct associated with the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (GFP-GPI), a construct with one transmembrane domain and a short intracellular sequence (TMD-pHluorin), and a recombinant metabotropic mGluR5 receptor construct containing an extracellular domain tagged with pHluorin, seven transmembrane domains, as well as a large intracellular region. The diffusion properties of these molecules were measured by single particle tracking using quantum dots. My experiments revealed that the diffusion of membrane proteins was slower in the spine neck than in the dendrite as a result of the different diameter of the two compartments. Furthermore, the diffusion properties depended on the molecular size and complexity of the membrane proteins. Interestingly, the diffusion of membrane proteins with transmembrane domains was particular slow in spine necks containing SP. This could be the result of direct molecular interactions between the membrane proteins and SP or due to spatial constraints that are related to the structural organization of spine necks expressing SP. To address these questions further I used pharmacological treatments to change the internal organization of the spine neck, and measured their effect on the diffusion properties of mGluR5. The distribution of SP and F-actin in the spine neck was determined on the nanoscopic scale using PALM/STORM imaging. This showed that under control condition SP occupies only the central region of the spine neck. Activity-dependent depolymerization of F-actin by 4-Aminopyridine led to a simultaneous decrease of the amount of F-actin and SP and enhanced the diffusion of mGluR5 in all analyzed neck regions. Disruption of F-actin by latrunculin A induced the re-distribution of SP and the formation of larger SP clusters, occupying an increased region within the spine neck. The recruitment of SP was accompanied by an acceleration of mGluR5 diffusion in SP-positive spines, demonstrating that the mobility of mGluR5 is not controlled by direct interactions with SP. Instead, the diffusion of mGluR5 is dependent on the organization of the spine cytoskeleton. In conclusion, I propose that SP and the polymerization of actin filaments have a reciprocal effect on the stability of each other in the spine neck of cultured hippocampal neurons. Spine necks bearing SP have a unique F-actin cytoskeletal organization that acts as an additional diffusion barrier for neurotransmitter receptors such as mGluR5
Belut, Emmanuel. "Étude des écoulements d'air et de particules au voisinage de pièces en mouvement :application à la conception des captages sur machines tournantes réalisant des opérations d'usinage." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120447.
Повний текст джерелаLa recherche des modèles numériques les mieux adaptés aux écoulements rencontrés s'est conduite en deux étapes. Sur la base de recherches bibliographiques et d'expérimentations numériques, la première étape démontre l'intérêt et la faisabilité de la simulation des grandes échelles sous-résolue en paroi (ou VLES pour Very Large Eddy Simulation), couplée au suivi lagrangien de particules, pour modéliser les écoulements diphasiques d'usinage, et rendre compte finement de l'interaction particules-turbulence.
Dans la seconde étape, une importante campagne expérimentale, menée sur un banc d'essai original représentatif d'une opération d'usinage, sert de base pour valider définitivement les modèles retenus. Dans le dispositif réalisé, un jet de particules stable et de débit contrôlé est créé en poussant dans une buse des microbilles de verres sphériques contre un cylindre en rotation. L'écoulement de la phase particulaire dans le banc d'essai est caractérisé par analyseur de particules phase Doppler (PDPA), et le champ de vitesse de la phase gazeuse par vélocimétrie par image de particules (PIV), cette dernière technique nécessitant le développement d'un code spécifique pour discriminer les phases en présence.
La comparaison des mesures et des résultats de simulation ouvre des perspectives nouvelles concernant l'applicabilité industrielle de la simulation des grandes échelles aux écoulements multiphasiques.
Turkcan, Silvan. "Interaction toxine-cellule étudiée par imagerie de nanoémetteurs individuels." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608124.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Michaël. "Hydrodynamique de micro-nageurs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe suspensions of microscopic objects with the ability to propel themselves into the surrounding fluid are systems of growing interest in the scientific community. Due to their intrinsic out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the sense of statistical physics, they generate complex effects. Among the existing self-propelled micro-objects, green micro-algae are an important part of the biomass of Earth and they actively participate to the recycling of CO2 by their photosynthetic activity. Moreover they have remarkable potential for the production of bio-fuels, waste reprocessing, cosmetics and dietary supplements production. From an industrial point of view, understanding the dynamics of this type of swimming microorganism is of primary interest. This work presents the study of the dynamics of microalgae Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii. Using a system of particle tracking with optical imaging that we have developed, we analyze the mechanism of stroke used by the algae up to its implications in terms of collective effects on the dynamics of swimming in a semi-dilute suspension
Delafosse, Angélique. "Analyse et étude numérique des effets de mélange dans un bioréacteur." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000238/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is based on a observation : when the size of a bioreactor increases, the biological production performances tend to decrease for some industrial cultures. This decrease is due in part to the reduction of the mixing efficiency with the scale-up of the bioprocess. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to study the mixing process in a bioreactor and to analyse the interactions between mixing and biological reactions. The mixing study was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Two kinds of simulation were used : a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation and a Large Eddy Simulation. The first step was to assess the numerical hydrodynamics of the two simulations from results obtained by Particule Image Velocimetry experiments in the impeller discharge of the stirred tank used. These first results have shown that the Large Eddy Simulation solve with an excellent accuracy the hydrodynamics, so the LES was used to caracterize mixing in the tank. The mixing of an inert scalar was followed to study the influence of the injection location on the mixing process. At the same time, a Lagrangian particle tracking was performed to study the variation of their microenvironment that can be observed by microorganisms
Zouaghi, Ayyoub. "Manipulation de particules diélectriques micrométriques par ondes électrostatiques progressives et stationnaires - Études théorique, expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2296.
Повний текст джерелаTraveling and standing wave electrostatic conveyors (TWC and SWC) are presented as advantageous techniques to effectively manipulate and transport particles on a surface. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of micrometer particles on these systems. Experimental studies begin with granulometric and optical characterization of particles and the measurement of their charge. Then, the particles displacement efficiency in both types of conveyors is studied under different conditions. In addition, the trajectories of the particles are visualized using high speed camera. The post-processing of the obtained images using Particle Tracking Velocimetry technique (PTV) is carried out to calculate and study the particles mean velocity and how it is affected by different parameters. The theoretical and numerical studies carried out aim to study the electric potential waves, the spatial and temporal variation of the electric field and the balance of the forces acting on particles. The last part concerns the modeling of particles trajectories and the numerical computation of their average velocity and displacement distance. The results obtained by modeling are in good agreement with the experimental observations and calculations. Several modes of movement are obtained depending on frequency, applied voltage value, as well as particle charge and size. Particles are transported more efficiently in the TWC when they are in synchronous hopping mode. Increasing the number of phases can minimize the effect of the backward harmonic waves and increase the speed of propagation of the forward wave that may help the particles to move faster and farther in one direction and lead to better displacement efficiency
Garcia, Michael. "Hydrodynamique de micro-nageurs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952771.
Повний текст джерелаL'Espérance, Marianne. "Retrouve-moi à la récréation (récit de fiction), suivi de Suicide du personnage féminin dans les romans Les Particules élémentaires, La Possibilité d’une île et La Carte et le territoire de Michel Houellebecq." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10490.
Повний текст джерелаYoussef, Itab. "Polymérisation en émulsion et en miniémulsion. Influence de la combinaison de stabilisants moléculaires et macromoléculaires et suivi en situ par spectroscopie Raman." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0191/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to compare processes of emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization. The influence of the combination of molecular and macromolecular stabilizers on the reaction kinetics and particle size distribution are relevant factors in our study. A stabilizer polymer, poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVA), was synthesized with different degrees of hydrolysis by a direct saponification of polyvinyl acetate. The degree of hydrolysis of this copolymer was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). Then, we studied the influence of the composition of a mixture stabilizer [poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVA)/sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS)], and particulary the degree of hydrolysis of PVA. The presence of complex (PVA/SDS) influences slightly the kinetic of polymerization. The ability of the complexes to stabilize the particles of latex depends on the degree of hydrolysis of PVA, the lower it is, the more the aggregation is important. Finally, we followed in situ emulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations of styrene by Raman spectroscopy. The exploitation of the spectrum allowed us to assign the different peaks to vibrations of certain bands. The consumption of the monomer and the appearance of the polymer could be followed throughout the polymerization
Ando, Edward. "Experimental investigation of microstructural changes in deforming granular media using x-ray tomography." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI097/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis presents an experimental investigation into the mechanics of granular media.The novelty that this work brings is that the specimens of sand tested in this work are systematicallyand non-destructively imaged using x-ray tomography. Sample size is considerably reducedfrom standard (specimens measure approximately 22 mm height by 11 mm diameter), allowingentire specimens to be scanned at a sufficiently high resolution to identify all the grains (morethan fifty thousand) in each specimen.A campaign of triaxial compression tests has been run on a series of three different naturalsands with different grain shapes (Hostun sand, Ottawa sand and Caicos ooids – all prepared atrelatively dense initial states), and tested at 100 or 300 kPa cell pressure. In each test around 15x-ray scans are performed. In the 3D images resulting from the reconstruction of the x-ray scansperformed, grains are identified each state using a standard watershed algorithm. Starting fromthese discretised data, techniques are developed in order characterise grain-to-grain contacts,as well as to measure the kinematics of all the identified grains between imaged states. Grainkinematics are measured with two specifically-developed tools: “ID-Track” to track grains yieldingtheir displacements, and a discrete image correlation technique to measure grain rotations.Grain-scale measurements are reported in detail for one test, and are then compared to testsin different conditions, in order to highlight the micro-mechanisms responsible for the observedmacroscopic behaviour. This comparison highlights some important micro-scale mechanisms suchas the increasing rotational frustration of more angular grains when the sample’s deformation isconcentrated in a fully developed shear band; this is used to explain to some extent the highervalue of their residual stress for these materials. Signs of localised deformation are seen to occurwell before the peak in many samples, and complex patterns of rotating grains (which match alocal, grain-based measurement of strain) are noticed around the peak of each sample’s response
Ikardouchene, Syphax. "Analyses expérimentale et numérique de l'interaction departicules avec un jet d'air plan impactant une surface.Application au confinement particulaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1046.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis aims to qualify the containment barriers for particles. Specifically, it aims to develop, characterize and improve particulate confinement barriers by jets of air placed at the periphery of abrasive rotating machines used to scour the surfaces containing asbestos
Pitiot, Thomas. "Outils multirésolutions pour la gestion des interactions en simulation temps réel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD048/document.
Повний текст джерелаMost interactive simulations need a collision detection system. First, this system requires the querying of the proximity between the objects and then the computing of the behaviour to be applied. In order to perform these queries, the objects present in a scene are either classified in a tree, in a proximity graph, or embedded inside a registration grid.Our work present a new collision detection model based on two main concepts: representing the environment with a combinatorial multiresolution map, and tracking in real-time particles embedded inside this map. This model allows us to simulate complex environments while following in real-time the entities that are evolving within it.We present our framework used to register and update the registration of particles, edges and surfaces in volumetric combinatorial multiresolution maps. Results have been validated first in 2D with a crowd simulation application and then in 3D, in the medical field, with a percutaneous surgery simulation
Salomon, Antoine. "Modélisations statistiques pour l'analyse de la diffusion des molécules et du trafic intracellulaire en microscopie de fluorescence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS125.
Повний текст джерелаFluorescence microscopy is a tool of primary interest in biomedical research as it allows to selectively visualize particle dynamics within the cell. Hence, there is a high demand for algorithmic tools capable of automatically analyzing raw microscopic data. After a presentation of the theory and techniques surrounding particle dynamics, fluorescence microscopy, tracking methods and motion classification, we present in this thesis a new mapping method based on spatiotemporal kernel estimators that robustly estimate intracellular diffusion and drift from tracking data. We evaluate it in an extensive set of experiments using simulated, real, 2D and 3D data and show that our method provides precise and accurate diffusion and drift maps while outperforming existing methods. As such, it allows biologists to study intracellular dynamics of specifically tagged particles with a wider range of acquisitions and fluorescence microscopy techniques. In addition, we present a confinement domain detection method, using particle tracks and motion classification as well
Butler, Corey. "Quantitative single molecule imaging deep in biological samples using adaptive optics." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0632/document.
Повний текст джерелаOptical microscopy is an indispensable tool for research in neurobiology and medicine, enabling studies of cells in their native environment. However, subcellular processes remain hidden behind the resolution limits of diffraction-limited optics which makes structures smaller than ~300nm impossible to resolve. Recently, single molecule localization (SML) and tracking has revolutionized the field, giving nanometer-scale insight into protein organization and dynamics by fitting individual fluorescent molecules to the known point spread function of the optical imaging system. This fitting process depends critically on the amount of collected light and renders SML techniques extremely sensitive to imperfections in the imaging path, called aberrations, that have limited SML to cell cultures on glass coverslips. A commercially available adaptive optics system is implemented to compensate for aberrations inherent to the microscope, and a workflow is defined for depth-dependent aberration correction that enables 3D SML in complex biological environments. A new SML technique is presented that employs a dual-objective approach to detect the emission spectrum of single molecules, enabling 5-dimensional single particle imaging and tracking (x,y,z,t,λ) without compromising spatiotemporal resolution or field of view. These acquisitions generate ~GBs of data, containing a wealth of information about the localization and environment of individual proteins. To facilitate quantitative acquisition and data analysis, the development of biochemical, software and hardware tools are presented. Together, these approaches aim to enable quantitative SML in complex biological samples
Monti, Fabrice. "Microrhéologie de suspensions colloïdales non ergodiques : Relaxations locales, dynamiques lentes et vieillissement." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00560061.
Повний текст джерелаBombrun, Maxime. "Characterisation of volcanic emissions through thermal vision." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22600/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn April 2010, the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) threw volcanic ash across northwest Europe for six days which led to air travel disruption. This recent crisis spotlighted the necessity to parameterise plume dynamics through emission, dispersion and fall out as to better model, track and forecast cloud motions. This eruption was labeled as a Strombolian-to-Sub-Plinian eruption type. Strombolian eruptions are coupled with a large range of volcanic event types (Lava flows, paroxysms) and eruption styles (Hawaiian, Sub-plinian) and offer a partial precursory-indicator of more dangerous eruptions. In addition, strombolian eruptions are small enough to allow observations from within few hundred meters with relative safety, for both operators and material. Since 2001, thermal cameras have been increasingly used to track, parameterise and understand dynamic volcanic events. However, analyses, modelling and post-processing of thermal data are still not fully automated. In this thesis, I focus on the different components of strombolian eruptions at the full range of remote sensing spatial scales. These range from millimeters for particles to kilometers for the entire features via satellite images. Overall, I aim to characterise volcanic emissions through thermal vision
Ranchon, Hubert. "Développement d'outils analytiques par et pour la microfluidique : caractérisation d'écoulements d'objets dissous et intégration d'un système de séparation sans matrice de biomolécules." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2259/.
Повний текст джерелаTransport in solution at the nanoscale is of crucial interest for biology or energy conversion. The dynamics of single objects flowing in a liquid, and fluid transport properties are intimately related. Dynamics is mostly associated to the behavior of single object, whereas transport refers to the massive or global dynamics of a set of individuals. The gap in between these two views is very thin, as a global transport can be understood under a scale transformation of the behavior of one single component. This statement constitutes the basis of modern condensed matter physics. In this work we considered the behavior of individual diluted objects transported in solution from two vantages. First the dynamics of single "perfect" objects were investigated toward the characterization of micro-environments. Then, in a second time, we investigated the dynamics of single objects under-controlled environment aiming at elucidating the physical laws describing their behavior. We developed a new method for characterizing sub-micron confined flows. We derived a theoretical model based on nanospheres velocity probability density. This model was validated using in-house Brownian dynamics simulations of particles flowing in laminar Poiseuille flows. These numerical and analytical approaches were confronted to experiments of single nanospheres conveyed in pressure-driven flows in nanofluidic devices. We detected giant lift force, leading to cross-streamline migration away from the wall even at vanishing Reynolds number. These forces are not described in the literature, leading us to characterize their physical properties. We then switched to the study of dynamical properties of DNA molecules in solution in confined environment under an hybrid actuation involving hydrodynamics and electrokinetics. The use of a non-newtonian buffer solution led to observe a non-linear combination of the actuations. Experimental strategies were then developed to map the inhomogeneous transverse probability of density of molecules inside the channels. This specific phenomenon allowed for the design of a new way of resolving biomolecules by size in free solution. Overall, this experimental work at the nexus of fluid physics, micro-fabrication engineering and statistical physics, allowed us for the design of a new nano-velocimetry, and other experimental methods which help us decipher transverse migration of diluted solid and flexible objects in solution. Furthermore, hybrid mode actuation of DNA in non-Newtonian fluids led us to design of new way of separating biomolecules by size. We think that this work is a leap forward for an easy characterization of nanoflows and particle transports at the nanoscale
Simon, Apolline A. "Décryptage des paramètres physico-chimiques critiques favorisant la diffusion efficace des nanoparticules dans des modèles tumoraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0046.
Повний текст джерелаBioimaging of complex and heterogeneous biological environments using nanoparticles is only relevant if one controls their intrinsic and surface properties to promote their diffusion in depth. Indeed, the shape (i.e. aspect ratios, nanotubes, nanospheres), the dimension (from a few nanometers up to a few tens of nanometers), the surface charges and the surface interactions with the surrounding environment are key parameters. They regulate for instance the mobility and the future of nanoparticles inside the biological milieu, such as tumoral microenvironments. In this PhD thesis, we mainly focused on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with the aim to tailor and apply their diffusion in bio-environments by controlling their surface properties. This choice was motivated by their exceptional advantages for bio-imaging applications. Their emission wavelength is in the short-wave infrared region (SWIR), which corresponds to the second window of biological transparency. In addition, they are photostable and it has been proved that they show a high tissue penetration ability due to their nanoscale 1D morphology. To study the mobility of nanotubes in complex environments, we tracked their trajectories at the single particle level and applied super-resolution fluorescence microscopy approaches. We first detected morphological modifications associated with early-stage fibrosis on murine liver slices. To that end, we employed a correlative microscopy strategy to identify the in situ biological environment (cell membranes and nuclei) surrounding the nanotubes in addition to the study of their mobilities. This first work motivated us to explore a second strategy to suspend the nanotubes to enhance their brightness while maintaining their stealth behaviours. We investigated how changing the coating around the nanotubes (PEG molecular size or presence of an insaturation) impacted their brightness and diffusivity. Diffusion has been tested within various models with growing complexity from an agarose gel to extracts of the extracellular matrix. We distinguished two molecular sizes of PEG rising to suspensions of nanotubes suitable for our studies. Finally, with the aim of expanding the library of SWIR-emitting nanoparticles for biological imaging, we investigated another type of luminescent nanoobjects: gold nanoclusters and polymeric nanoparticles loaded with such clusters. The analysis of their luminescence as well as their potential for single particle tracking were evaluated. Single gold cluster analysis has been conducted showing excellent brightness, but only in a dried environment. In addition, the polymeric nanoparticles were shown to be detectable at the single particle level diffusing within an aqueous media constituting promising candidates for bioimaging applications
Cazenave, Marie-Thérèse. "Suivi particulier d'une dyade à domicile, Analyse des positions contre-transférentielles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10003.
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