Дисертації з теми "Suivi de mesure"
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Biausser, Benjamin. "Suivi d'interface tridimensionnel : application au déferlement." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0003.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to built and to validate in a CFD code (EOLE of the company Principia R&D) an original numerical method allowing to track the interface between two fluids for 3-D flows: the "Segment Lagrangian Volume Of Fluid 3-D" method (SL-VOF 3-D). The document is divided in five parts. The first part describes the computational hypothesis and the mathematical model used. The second part deals with some numerical interface tracking method studied and explains the advantages and the drawbacks of each one. The third part defines the numerical model used and describes the developed interface tracking method. This method is a Volume Of Fluid type method and combines a piecewise linear representation of the interface and a lagrangian advection. In the fourth part the capacities of the method are evaluated through different test cases. The results are then compared with analytical solutions or with results obtained with others methods. Finally, in the fifth part, the method is applied to wave breaking. A coupling with a boundary elements method is achieved. Plunging breakers on sloping bottoms are simulated. This illustrates the capability of the developed method
Chauvin, Ronan. "Mesure du rythme respiratoire sans contact." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/147.
Повний текст джерелаRicquebourg, Yann. "Analyse de mouvements articules : mesure et suivi 2d ; application a la telesurveillance." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10221.
Повний текст джерелаDaigneault, Pierre-Marc. "La participation à l'évaluation : du concept à la mesure." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29096/29096.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing popularity of participatory approaches represents an important trend in the field of program evaluation. The proliferation of definitions and terms used to designate stakeholder participation, however, generates a lot of confusion among researchers and practitioners. Moreover, the dearth of adequate instruments to measure participation hinders knowledge accumulation. This dissertation is structured around three research questions: 1) What is stakeholder participation in evaluation? 2) How is this concept translated into an operational measurement instrument? and 3) Does this instrument allow for the reliable and valid measurement of stakeholder participation? A systematic and coherent conceptualization of participatory evaluation is first proposed based on the work of Cousins and Whitmore (1998). This conceptualization, which is based on the logic of necessary and sufficient conditions, is operationalized in a measurement instrument. The instrument (Participatory Evaluation Measurement Instrument – PEMI) is then empirically validated using a sample of 40 evaluation cases from the literature and a survey of their authors. Three elements are quantitatively assessed: 1) intercoder reliability; 2) convergence between coders’ and authors’ scores on the PEMI; and 3) convergence between authors’ scores on the PEMI and an alternative measurement instrument. Considered globally, this study suggests that the PEMI can generate reliable and valid scores. Finally, a validation study combining qualitative and quantitative methods is presented. The use of mixed methods has generated an unexpected but most welcome cycle of instrument revision and further quantitative validation. The validation results suggest that the revised version of the PEMI, now based on a hybrid conceptual structure, is more in line with our respondents’ opinions with respect to the level of stakeholder participation in their particular evaluation case. The added value of mixed methods for validation purposes is also discussed using counterfactual reasoning. Reflections on the scientific and practical potential of the measurement instrument, on the relationship between stakeholder participation and evaluation use in particular, conclude this dissertation.
Gasc, Amandine. "Analyse et suivi de la biodiversité animale par des techniques novatrices de bioacoustique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0032.
Повний текст джерелаAlongside conventional methods of inventories, which require a high level of taxonomic expertise, several methods known as rapid measurement of biodiversity have been proposed. Among these methods, an acoustic method, designated as Rapid Acoustic Survey (RAS), was developed in 2008. The general objective of my thesis has been to provide a better definition of RAS approach from a methodological point of view, in order to evaluate the possible applications of RAS for estimating, tracking and analysing the spatial and temporal distribution of animal biodiversity. Acoustic indices have already been proposed which measure the overall entropy of the sound signal in an animal community and the acoustic dissimilarity among communities. The sensitivity of these indices to different causes of heterogeneity unrelated acoustic diversity was assessed (e. G. Ambient noise effect). The results show that the indices are not sensitive in the same way to the different causes of heterogeneity studied; the generated biased should thus be treated differently depending on the diversity index used. Once these methodological approaches have been treated, several applications of the RAS revealed the following points. In bird communities in Metropolitan, continental France, positive correlations between acoustic and phylogenetic diversity on the one hand and between acoustic and functional (reproduction traits and weight) diversity on the other hand have been identified. In New Caledonia, the level of micro-endemism is high which make the description of biodiversity difficult. The use of acoustic spectral dissimilarity measures highlight acoustic differences in three distant locations in the island with similar species richness and vegetation structure, but different in the composition of animal communities due to micro-endemism. This difference in multi-taxa animal communities is clearly revealed by the acoustic diversity analysis RAS. In India, two different managements of the coffee agroforest system are found, one using native species and the other one using an exotic species of shade trees. An acoustic survey highlighted differences in acoustic diversity and composition between the two managements revealing an impact of the use of exotic shade tree species on singing animal communities. The RAS method seems then a promising tool to assess local animal diversity even if some methodological issues should be considered to produce a reliable tool in several acoustic conditions
Jellid, Jihed. "Suivi du cycle de vie d'un composite CFRP hybride par mesure de résistance électrique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDL0014.
Повний текст джерелаThis Thesis investigates the use of the electric resistance measurement technique in hybrid carbon fibre reinforced polymer/shape memory alloy (TiNiCu). The electric conductivity of the unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced epoxy will be treated by studying the effect of some parameters: carbon fibre orientation against current direction, carbon fibre volume fraction, dimensions of the sample… Since the most important factor which controls the properties of the matrix and of the fibre-matrix interface is the cross-linking density resulting from the manufacturing process, carbon fibres are used as sensors for the cure monitoring of the epoxy matrix. The results were compared to classical DMA technique. Another test consists in using the electric resistance variation of the SMA as a sensor for the cure monitoring. In the last part, the research dealt with the possibility to detect damage in the hybrid composite under bending stress by measuring the electric resistance variation and acoustic emission on the stretched side of the sample, and how to slow down the damage propagation by activating the memory alloy, heated by joule effect
Darnet, Mathieu. "Caractérisation et suivi de circulations de fluides par la mesure de Potentiels Spontanés (PS)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/DARNET_Mathieu_2003.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFenech, Marianne. "Suivi des volumes plasmatique, interstitiel et intracelullaire pendant l'hémodialyse par bioimpédance multifréquence et mesure d'hématocrite." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006816.
Повний текст джерелаPoudens, Anita. "Suivi et caractérisation de l'endommagement en corrosion sous contrainte par la mesure de l'impédance électrochimique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10607.
Повний текст джерелаWick, Marion. "Suivi de l'activité fermentaire par mesure de pression. Application aux souches et levains de panification." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1336.
Повний текст джерелаFenech, Marianne. "Suivi des volumes plasmatique, interstitiel et intracellulaire pendant l'hémodialyse par bioimpédance multifréquence et mesure d'hématocrite." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1472.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis was to improve measurement techniques of fluid volume variations in patients during hemodialysis. Extra and intra cellulars volumes were measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy and plasmatic volume change were determined from hematocrit measurements by optical or ultrasound methods. We have proposed a new and more accurate method for measuring hematocrit by ultrasound by taking into account the simultaneous concentration of hemoglobin and plasma protein concentration due to ultrafiltration. We have also tested a new method for measuring total body water from its resistance at high frequency which is more accurate in dialysis. We have also discussed artifacts due to position changes and fluid resistivity changE?s during dialysis as weil as three methods for dry weight determination
Planchet, Frédéric. "Pilotage technique d'un régime de rentes viagères : identification et mesure des risques, allocation d'actif, suivi actuariel." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443010.
Повний текст джерелаDahmane, Nafa. "Etude et realisation d'un dispositif de suivi de cinetiques par mesure des caracteristiques optiques et spectroscopiques." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077224.
Повний текст джерелаLaroye, Marc-Yvan. "Contribution de la mesure de turbidité au suivi en ligne du fonctionnement des stations d'épuration biologiques." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0042.
Повний текст джерелаPouyez, Stéphane Jean-Jacques. "Caractérisation de matériaux polyphasiques évolutifs par le suivi de l'impédance électrique d'implants piezoélectriques : application aux liants hydrauliques." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0202.
Повний текст джерелаLeibovici, Didier. "Facteurs à mesures répétées et analyses factorielles : applications à un suivi épidémiologique." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20172.
Повний текст джерелаHadziioannou, Celine. "Ondes sismiques en milieu complexe : mesure des variations temporelles des vitesses." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564110.
Повний текст джерелаHadziioannou, Céline. "Ondes sismiques en milieu complexe : mesure des variations temporelles des vitesses." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis concentrates on monitoring seismic speeds, especially in active fault zones. By correlating signals generated by background noise, one can estimate the Green's function of a medium. When continuously following these functions, wave speed changes in the medium can be detected. Monitoring methods are applied to data from an active fault zone in Parkfield, California, where two wave speed drops, which coincide with regional seismic events, are detected. The largest corresponds to an event close to the stations. Both speed drops are followed by a gradual postseismic relaxation. In order to understand the reliability of the measurements, we perform laboratory experiments. One interesting result of these experiments shows that an exact reconstruction of the Green's function is not necessary for monitoring, which opens up many possibilities of applications to seismology. Armed with this knowledge, the Parkfield data is analysed again. By improving the temporal resolution to 1 day, we show that the observed speed drop is coseismic with the Parkfield event. We establish that the speed fluctuations are not simply correlated to variations in noise source distribution obtained by beamforming. Finally, the developed methods are applied to an event in Japan. Since the array is spatially much larger than the one used at Parkfield, this data is analyzed to study the dependence between station-event distance and the measured seismic speed drop. STAR
Dionne, Patrice. "Biofonctionnalisation de points quantiques pour le suivi de récepteurs synaptiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28940/28940.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAbry, Jean-Christophe. "Suivi in situ d'endommagement dans les matériaux composites carbone/époxy par mesure des variations de propriétés électriques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11056.
Повний текст джерелаBenjelloun, Houda. "Suivi en ligne de l'activité fermentaire par mesure de pression : Application à la caractérisation de levains propioniques." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1629.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a technique based on the measurement of pressure variation due to CO² released in a closed air-tight reactor. The evaluation of CO² was combined with the analytical data of lactate consumption, propionate and acetate production in order to characterize the growth and metabolites production of propionic acid bacteria under different environmental conditions. The study performed based on the Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. Shermanii CIP 103027 strain allowed to follow the different growth phases and the variation of the lactate metabolism compared to Fitz equation. The mathematical exploitation of the online curves of CO² evolution as a function of time allowed the calculation of the main kinetics parameters characteristic of growth. The method was then applied for the characterisation of industrial strains of propionic acid bacteria both in liquid and solid state fermentation
IORDACHE, Viorel-Eugen. "Suivi de l'état de contraintes, appliquées et internes, des alliages ferromagnétiques doux par mesure de leur propriétés magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010845.
Повний текст джерелаIordache, Viorel-Eugen. "Suivi de l'état de contraintes, appliquées et internes, des alliages ferromagnétiques doux par mesure de leurs propriétés magnétiques." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1452.
Повний текст джерелаA strong coupling exists between mechanical and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The aim of this study is to lead to a better understanding of the physical mechanisms involved, with the practical aim of developing magnetic methods for nondestructive evaluation of the mechanical state. The experimental characterisations have been carried out mainly on a non-oriented Fe-(3wt. %)Si electrical steel. The mechanical behaviour under an uniaxial tensile test is characterised by the existence of two strain-hardening stages, related to the evolution of the dislocations feature. Furthermore, a strong kinematic hardening value, representative of the internal stresses state, is reached from the very beginning of the plastic deformation. An appropriate experimental device has been created and magnetic measurements have been performed under uniaxial tensile stresses approaching and exceeding the macroscopic elastic limit and in the corresponding unloaded states. Both Barkhausen noise and B-H hysteresis loops were measured. The different stages of the tensile deformation (perfectly elastic stage, microplastic yielding stage, the two strain-hardening stages) are clearly identified by the magnetic parameters. By using measurements on prestrained specimens under reloaded elastic stresses, an accurate identification of the effect of dislocations acting as pinning sites and of the magnetoelastic effect of long-range internal stresses has been proposed. Additional characterisations of a high-purity polycrystalline nickel and of a FeCo-(2wt. )V alloy have confirmed our hypothesis
Poirier, Pascal, and Pascal Poirier. "Outils automatiques d'évaluation de la qualité des données : suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l'eau d'un ruisseau urbain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25816.
Повний текст джерелаLors d’un suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l’eau d’une rivière, une quantité innombrable de données peut être récoltée permettant ainsi une bonne description des dynamiques changeant rapidement. Cependant, des questions s’imposent. Quelle est la qualité des données mesurées en temps réel? Quels sont les effets de données de mauvaise qualité sur les objectifs associés à leur utilisation? Ce mémoire tente de résoudre cette problématique en présentant des outils automatiques d’évaluation de la qualité des données. Ces outils sont généraux et simples, en ce sens qu’ils s’appliquent à différents emplacements (rivière, STEP, égout, etc.) et qu’ils sont basés sur des méthodes univariées faciles à implanter. Suite à l’application de ces outils, la qualité des données est connue et accrue favorisant ainsi l’atteinte des objectifs reliés à un suivi en temps réel. Leur application est démontrée sur des données mesurées lors d’un suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l’eau d’un ruisseau urbain effectué à l’aide de la station monEAU.
During real-time water quality monitoring in river systems, a huge amount of data is produced which allows a better description of the rapidly changing dynamics compared to spot sampling methods. However, what is the quality of the measured data and what are the impacts of poor data quality on the objectives pursued during real-time water quality monitoring? Therefore, this master thesis proposes automatic data quality assessment tools to tackle this issue. These tools are general and simple, which means that they can be applied to any type of water and that they are based on easy-to-implement univariate methods. Following the application of these tools, data quality will be improved and known as such and will allow to better achieve the objectives of a real-time water quality monitoring project. The application of these tools is demonstrated on data collected during real-time water quality monitoring of an urban river performed using a monEAU station.
During real-time water quality monitoring in river systems, a huge amount of data is produced which allows a better description of the rapidly changing dynamics compared to spot sampling methods. However, what is the quality of the measured data and what are the impacts of poor data quality on the objectives pursued during real-time water quality monitoring? Therefore, this master thesis proposes automatic data quality assessment tools to tackle this issue. These tools are general and simple, which means that they can be applied to any type of water and that they are based on easy-to-implement univariate methods. Following the application of these tools, data quality will be improved and known as such and will allow to better achieve the objectives of a real-time water quality monitoring project. The application of these tools is demonstrated on data collected during real-time water quality monitoring of an urban river performed using a monEAU station.
Lamlih, Achraf. "Conception d’un système intégré de mesure de bioimpédance pour le suivi long terme de la composition des tissus biologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS070/document.
Повний текст джерелаTissue composition assessment techniques are used to help better comprehend physiological processes and their overall impact on the biological state of the experiments subjects. The research presented in this manuscript aims to design a bioimpedance spectroscopy integrated measurement system capable of measuring a wide range of biomarkers over long periods of time (up to one year). The presented measurement system can be used for physiological variables long time monitoring applications in general. Nevertheless, the presented solutions target in particular fish species in the context of the POPSTAR project which aims to enhance our understanding of fish behavior by analyzing not only the environment in which fish travel and live but also the fish themselves. After identifying the design challenges of a bioimpedance spectroscopy integrated measurement system, we have proposed a novel hybrid architecture providing fast bioimpedance spectroscopy while maximizing the measurement precision. As the signal generation blocks are critical and their performances affect the whole architecture performances. The second part of this research focuses on the design and optimization of the signal generation part of the architecture. Indeed, we have enhanced the stimuli generation signals quality for single tone and multitone excitations while proposing for this blocks low complexity on-chip implementations. In the last part of our work the current driver that transforms the voltage stimuli into an excitation current is discussed. A novel analog topology using an improved regulated cascode and a common-mode feedback compensation independent of process variations is presented. The first chip prototype implementing the critical blocks of the bioimpedance integrated measurement architecture has been designed and simulated in a 0.18 µm AMS (Austria MicroSystems) CMOS process operating at 1.8 V power supply
De, Bel Maxime. "Conception et validation d'une plate-forme d'électrostimulation et de mesure d'EMG pour le suivi de la curarisation en anesthésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210019.
Повний текст джерелаAu regard des principales limitations des moniteurs de curare actuels et des avantages qu'apporte le monitoring sur une variété de muscles, le monitorage par EMG semble être la meilleure alternative. Ce sont essentiellement les insuffisances dans la détection et la gestion des artefacts et des perturbations électriques qui rendent les moniteurs EMG actuels insuffisamment fiables et mal adaptés à l’usage clinique.
L'objectif de ce travail est dès lors d'identifier les causes de perturabations et apporter les remèdes nécessaires pour faire de l'EMG une méthode de confiance à la fois pour la recherche et la pratique quotidienne.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cardin-Bernier, Guillaume. "Observateur pour le suivi en temps réel de cultures cellulaires végétales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1591.
Повний текст джерелаCarpentier, Olivier. "Auscultation de sites miniers par méthodes thermiques, suivi des réactions de combustion." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0203.
Повний текст джерелаThe second half of the XXs century was the decline of the mining industry in Western Europe. The transfer of patrimony to district planning authority impose an evaluation of the risks on the behavior of coal tips. The North of France counts above 300 coal tips. Built in cone, coal tips offer hillsides to the limit of the break, the stability of the building being questionned. We consider at 50% the proportion of the entered of coal tips, or which will enter, in combustion in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The administrators are brought to assure a monitoring of coal tips in reaction. In the majority of the cases it is the infrared thermography which is used. Until now this technique limited itself to air interventions. The cost of the measure, the constraints practical and administrative limit the frequency of the interventions. The objective of the thesis was to work out an additional method of thermographical investigation on ground which allows a monitoring of the reaction a more supply way, less expensive and authorizing more regular interventions. Based on a coupled approach (topography, thermic, meteorology), campaigns of measure consist in realizing a 3D reconstruction of the site and its thermic cartography in differents times with the aim of a comparative study of the subsurface activity. This work articulates, on one hand, around a theoritical study of phenomenons of combustions in the massifs and transfers of heat at the solid-fluid interface, and, on the other hand, of a study experimental diligently on site to validate our numerical approach and to supply a methodology as for the follow-up of the reaction of combustion
Poirier, Pascal. "Outils automatiques d'évaluation de la qualité des données : suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l'eau d'un ruisseau urbain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25816.
Повний текст джерелаDuring real-time water quality monitoring in river systems, a huge amount of data is produced which allows a better description of the rapidly changing dynamics compared to spot sampling methods. However, what is the quality of the measured data and what are the impacts of poor data quality on the objectives pursued during real-time water quality monitoring? Therefore, this master thesis proposes automatic data quality assessment tools to tackle this issue. These tools are general and simple, which means that they can be applied to any type of water and that they are based on easy-to-implement univariate methods. Following the application of these tools, data quality will be improved and known as such and will allow to better achieve the objectives of a real-time water quality monitoring project. The application of these tools is demonstrated on data collected during real-time water quality monitoring of an urban river performed using a monEAU station.
Fallourd, Renaud. "Suivi des glaciers alpins par combinaison d'informations hétérogènes : images SAR Haute Résolution et mesures terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718596.
Повний текст джерелаCuzol, Anne. "Analyse d'écoulements fluides à partir de séquences d'images : estimation de champs de vitesses et suivi temporel par filtrage stochastique non linéaire." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S082.
Повний текст джерелаFlenet, Timothé. "Mesure non invasive de suivi des transferts de fluides liés aux activités cardiorespiratoires chez le rat : vers une «bague aortique virtuelle»." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS013/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is recognized that inductive plethysmographic signals contain cardiac and respiratory components, which can be of interest for physiological monitoring. This technology is widely used in humans and medium mammals, but it has never been implemented in small laboratory rodents. This PhD aims to provide the analytic and experimental proof (TRL3) of a cardiac application of the cardio-respiratory inductive plethysmography (CRIP), based on the upstream concept of an “virtual aortic probe” (VAP). The VAP allows to realize an extern measure of “instantaneous” aortic flows thanks to CRIP instead of an instrument located directly around the vessel.The PhD starts with a phase of specification and conception driven by the interdependency between physiology and instrumental constraints. The expected metrological performances are established by a scale jumping between man and rat. The development of an optimized acquisition line has enabled to stretch the limits of existing systems; it allows to measure volume variations of a few microliters. At the same time, validation criteria and reference methods have been identified and experimental protocols have been specified in order to define the validation strategy of the developed instrument and VAP concept.At the end of these 3 years, an ultra-high resolution CRIP system has been developed. After calibration, the accuracy on the section variation measurements is 5% on a micrometric test-bench. The interchangeability of the thorax volume variation measure on a physiological range has been evaluated by comparison with a pneumotachographic measure on 9 anesthetized animals and the limits of agreement are lower than 20%. A hemodynamic challenge has been induced on 11 anesthetized animals, and the aortic flow has been simultaneously measured by CRIP and with an ultrasonic flow probe at under diaphragm level. This demonstrates the equivalence between both systems. And the high similarity between flow signals from both methods validates the proposed concept of virtual aortic probe
SOMMIER, ALAIN. "Mesure des proprietes thermophysiques des resines thermodurcissables au cours de leur mise en forme et suivi de leur polymerisation par microdielectrometrie." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2038.
Повний текст джерелаMechain, Bénédicte-Marie. "Intérêt de la mesure d'avidité des IGG dans le diagnostic et le suivi de la toxoplasmose évolutive chez les malades immunodéprimés." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P055.
Повний текст джерелаBLOCH, LE BOITE JULIETTE. "Modelisation de mesures repetees de titres obtenues par la methode des dilutions : application au suivi des viremies vih (doctorat : sante publique, option biostatistique)." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T037.
Повний текст джерелаBételu, Stéphanie. "Développement de capteurs électrochimiques sérigraphiés : De la mesure ponctuelle au suivi en semi-continu du cadmium et du plomb dans les eaux." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3039.
Повний текст джерелаMetal risk assessment can only be conducted by taking into account elements speciation. Even if extensive efforts have been devoted for developing highly sensitive analytical procedures for free ions and labile complexes analysis, which are considered as potentially bioavailable, the development of sensing tools for on site analyses is a growing necessity and therefore a serious challenge to any analytical technique in term of sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability. The purpose of this study was the elaboration of an electrochemical sensor for the semi-continuous monitoring of free and labile complexes of cadmium and lead. These trace-elements were selected because they are among the most toxics in terms of accumulation. Mercury-film coated carbon-based screen-printed electrode was investigated. Mercury was selected as the material of choice for the reliable detection and quantitation of trace-elements in natural media. Several key constraints have then been taken into account in order to simplify the analytical constraints for on site measurements : A) The risks of mercury contamination. Two approaches were investigated in order to minimize mercury risk contamination : 1) Mercury film pre-electrodéposition. 2) Direct incorporation of mercury (II) oxide into the carbon-based ink before the printing process. B) The analytical constraints. 1) Mass transfert: both macroélectrode (S = 9. 6 mm2) and a micro-band electrode (S = 9,6 mm2) performance and robustness were investigated in order to choose the most appropriate geometry for on site semi-continuous analysis. 2) Presence of dissolved oxygen: the most appropriate analytical technique was selected to minimize dissolved oxygen interferences. 3) Presence of organic matter in natural water samples: a protective membrane has been developed to avoid the signal disturbance due to adsorption of organic substances on the working surface. A pre-electrocoated mercury-film screen-printed macroélectrode modified by tétrathiacyclododécane (TT12C4) crown-ether based membrane was achieved. Detection limit were respectively 0. 04 µg l-1 and 0. 2 µg l-1 for cadmium and lead. Electrodes were successfully applied in river water or soil solution. Semi-continuous monitoring of cadmium and lead, using a flow system, was performed in natural water sample (pH 7. 9) for forty hours. Over four hundred analyses were conducted without significant loss of sensitivity. Electrode presents the design feature for semi-continuous monitoring of trace metal in natural water samples
Goumans, Géraldine. "Suivi de l'activité fermentaire de micro-organismes par mesure combinée de température et de pression : Applications aux souches et levains de panification." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1544.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing up the request of consumers, the production of bread with leaven cornes back. Sourdoughs leavens are composed with homofermentative heterofermentative bacteria and yeasts. Lactic acid bacteria are involved in the organoleptic properties of bread by producing lactic acid, acetic acid, CO2 and ethanol whereas yeasts are responsible of dough leavening by mainly producing CO2 and ethanol. It is thus important to evaluate the respective development and activity of each micro-organism population inside the leavens. However, no method let follow without delay the growth of two strains. The aim of our work was to follow the fermentative activity of strains and leavens by evaluation of CO2 production (pressure measurement) and heat production (temperature measurement). Ln a fust time, we have modified a calorimeter (DRC, Setaram, France) in order to adapt it with our requirements (weak heat production, air-tightness reactor). The method of temperature measurement was validated on S. Cerevisiae culture. Mass and energy balances were dalle. The influence of initial glucose and biomass concentrations was performed. The combination of pressure sensor and temperature probe was used in case of dough inoculated with pure or mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The influence of various parameters (type offlour, additives) on the micro-organisms fermentative activity was determined
Sevrin, Loic. "Mesure et suivi d'activité de plusieurs personnes dans un Living Lab en vue de l'extraction d'indicateurs de santé et de bien-être." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1162/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ageing of the population is a global phenomenon which comes with an increase of the amount of patients suffering from chronic diseases. It forces to rethink the healthcare by bringing health monitoring and care at home and in the city.Considering the activity as a visible indication of the health status, this thesis seeks to provide technological means to monitor several people's activities in a living lab composed of an apartment and the city around.Indeed, maintaining substantial physical activity, in particular social activity accounts fo an important part of a person's good health status. Hence, it must be studied as well as the ability to perform the activities of daily living.This study enabled the implementation of a platform for collaborative design and full-scale experimentation concerning healthcare at home and in the city: the INL living lab.The latest was the theatre of some first experimentations which highlighted the living lab ability to perform activity data fusion from a set of heterogeneous sensors, and also to evolve by integrating new technologies and services.The studied collaborative scenarios enable a first approach of the collaboration analysis by detecting the simultaneous presence of several people in the same room. These preliminary results are encouraging and will be completed by more precise measurements which will include more sensors in the coming months
Brun-Strang, Catherine. "Intérêt de la modélisation dans le suivi pronostique et la mesure de l'impact économique d'une maladie létale : exemple de la leucémie myeloïde chronique." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10252.
Повний текст джерелаThe introduction of a new anti-cancer therapy such as imatinib raises the question of the evolution of the number of patients treated over time. Imatinib retards progression to advanced stages and treared patients will survive longer. Apart from the clinical benefit for individual patients, there is also an impact on public health and on health expenditure, due not only to prescription changes but also through the increased prevalence of the disease. Prior to market access, the manufacter wanted to dispose of a model that could predict and compare the clinical evolution at 5 years of patients with CML. This mathematical model quantifies the number of patients who will be treated each year with imatinib and evaluates the budget impact relative to existing therapeutic strategies. This approach is used as a basis for the analysis and discussion of the interest and limits of modelling in public health
Desbiens, Frédérique. "Conception d'un système de mesure et de suivi de la performance pour une entreprise intégrée du domaine de l'immobilier et de la construction." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66977.
Повний текст джерелаVanpoperinghe, Élodie. "Méthodes séquentielles de Monte Carlo pour le suivi d'objets multiples hétérogènes en données brutes de télémétrie laser." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983352.
Повний текст джерелаSchmitt, Laurent. "Effets de l'entraînement en hypoxie et suivi de l'activité du système nerveux végétatif mesurée à partir de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque chez des athlètes de haut niveau en endurance." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132005.
Повний текст джерелаWe have analyzed the efficiency of the « living high-training low » (Hi-Lo) method at the end and 15 days after the hypoxic period and also the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), training, performance and hypoxia. The study 1, with 40 athletes (nordic-ski, swimming, running), shows an increase in the maximum aerobic capacities and in the hemoglobin level at the end of Hi-Lo. Fifteen days after, the improvement of the performance is maintained but not induced any more by an increase of the oxygen transport capacities, but undoubtedly mainly by the improvement of peripheral factors and the energy cost, not modified at the end of Hi-Lo, is improved. The study 2, with 8 swimmers who followed the same aerobic training at two different altitude levels (1200 m and 1850 m) reports that the changes of HRV and performance are related. This analysis of the HRV allows an effective follow-up of the capacity of the athlete to assimilate the training loads during altitude training. Key words: hypoxia; altitude; performance; aerobic endurance; energy cost; training; neuro-vegetative system; heart rate variability
Torres, Andrés. "Décantation des eaux pluviales dans un ouvrage réel de grande taille : éléments de réflexion pour le suivi et la modélisation." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0013/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRetention and settling basins represent important elements in management of urban stormwater rejections. These deviees, used for settling of stormwater, were already the subject of in situ experimentations and laboratory experimentations cou pied with hydrodynamic modellings. The results obtained in laboratory conditions remain hardly transposable to real systems because of many reasons : complexity of geometries, in let and hydrodynamic features variabilities, heterogeneity of sediment characteristics, etc. This PhD work was thus focused on both metrology and modelling of stormwater settling problem in full-scale sedimentation systems. Il was supported by the retention and settling basin experimental site Django Reinhardt at Chassieu. Three main aspects have been treated in terms of metrology: the applicability of VI CAS protocol for the assessment of settling velocities sediments settled on the bottom of the device, the physico-chemical characterisation of settled sediments and the processing of the online data in order to estimate the pollutant loads at basin in let and out let. The Rubar 20 CFD software has been applied to modelling the settling of the retention and settling basin. The results obtained suggest a good capacity of the model to predict the settling efficiency and similarities between settling preferential areas predicted and observed in situ. The results obtained confirm the relevance of coupling metrology and modelling in order to improve the design, sizing, modelling and management of urban stormwater retention and settling basins
Ricard, Clarisse. "Utilisation des micro-ondes pour la caractérisation et le suivi sans contact de trajectoires thermiques de poudres métallo-céramiques : application au contrôle du processus de frittage." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-370.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDelmas, Antoine. "Définition, validation et mise en place d’un suivi de l’exposition au champ magnétique statique des travailleurs en IRM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0074/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging modality using electromagnetic fields (EMF) in order to perform human body tomodensitometric images. Even if these fields are Non-Ionizing Radiations (NIR), some transitory effects can be felt by the staff working in the vicinity of the MRI. Such workers are qualified as “exposed” to EMF, even if all expert comities agree to say that no accumulative or long term effects have been identified yet. Short term effects are known and identified, from metallic taste in the mouth, nerve and muscle stimulation, to biologic tissue heating, which can be troublesome or dangerous. The main exposure concern comes from the MRI permanent static magnetic field (ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T). An expert comity, mandated by the World Health Organization (WHO), has therefore defined the evaluation of the exposure of the MRI workers to the static magnetic field as a priority. This was the focus of this PhD thesis. A light and autonomous static magnetic field monitor (called "exposimeter") has been developed. It allows the recording of the three-dimensional magnetic fields as well as workers’ movements. Its magnetic induction measurement accuracy has been ensured by a specific calibration, which takes into account non-linearity and non-orthogonality of the magnetic sensors. Based on exposimeter data, a magnetic induction extrapolation method has then been developed. This method allows the estimation of the EMF exposure at the head with sensors placed on the torso. Finally, a practical validation of the device has been performed in multiple MRI clinical and research centers, included clinical MRIs (1.5 T and 3 T), an interventional MRI (1.5 T) and an ultra-high field MRI (7 T). Metrics have been defined in order to precisely analyze and compare workers exposure. All the works presented in this PhD thesis open new perspectives such as long term static magnetic field exposure follow-up. Moreover, industrial transfer of the device has been performed and is currently being validated
Savignan, Lionel. "Distribution d’éléments trace dans les sols de Nouvelle-Aquitaine et suivi de contaminants émergents (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh)." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3039.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to assess the spatial distribution and origins of old and emerging trace elements in soils of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region based on the French soil monitoring network (RMQS). Firstly, six old trace elements were targeted (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb), their spatial distribution was estimated from the analyses of 356 samples from the first RMQS campaign. The median regional concentrations found are close to the national values. The comparison between the regional and national whisker values as anomaly threshold values showed anomalous regional concentrations. With the help of geostatistics and geographical information systems, the origins of the trace elements studied in the soils could be identified. Arsenic has mixed geogenic and anthropogenic origins, mainly related to mining activities. Cd, Cr and Ni are mainly of geogenic origin on a regional scale. Cu has a mainly anthropogenic origin due to its use as a fungicide in viticulture. Pb also has anthropogenic origins related to mining activities, leaded gasoline and hunting activities. As a second step, 4 emerging elements (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh) were studied from 35 soil samples collected during the second RMQS campaign. The concentrations found indicate that these soils are slightly contaminated by these elements. Statistical analyses show that, on the one hand Ag, Pb, Rh and on the other hand Pd and Pt are correlated. The analysis of the spatial distribution, with the cross-referencing of geographical, geological and agricultural information, showed that automobile emissions are not a major source of PPGE in forest and agricultural soils. Rather, the distribution of Pd and Pt would be of natural origin with possible anthropogenic contributions coming from: i) the long-distance dispersion of Pd and Pt by particles suspended in the atmosphere; ii) inputs, notably mineral fertilisers, for agricultural soils. The origin of Ag and Rh would also be mainly of natural origin and the highest values would come from the proximity of Ag and Pb deposits and mining
Assad, Eduardo D. "Utilisation des satellites météorologiques pour le suivi agroclimatique des cultures en zone sahélienne : cas du Sénégal." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20005.
Повний текст джерелаPérié, Catherine. "Étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle d'indicateurs de la qualité des sols pour le suivi des traitements sylvicoles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17861.
Повний текст джерелаNjel, Christian. "Suivi de la formation d’un film de type polyphosphazène sur InP dans l’ammoniac liquide (- 55°C) : Couplage électrochimie / XPS." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS006V/document.
Повний текст джерелаIndium phosphide (InP) is a III-V semiconductor, which represents an ideal candidate for optoelectronic applications. However, its spontaneous oxidation in air leads to the loss of its electrical properties. The surface passivation becomes a key step for its integration in attractive optoelectronic devices. As part of this thesis, we are interested in studying the passivation of the InP surface by nitridation. We reproducibly realized the formation of a polyphosphazene-like (H2N-P=NH)n film on InP by electrochemical treatment in liquid ammonia (-55°C). The monitoring of the film formation was performed using a systematic coupling between electrochemical measurements (J = f(E), J = f(t), E = f(t), and C = f(E)) and XPS analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) to follow the chemical composition of the surface. These techniques provide some answers about the nitridation mechanism of InP surface by a wet process (anodization in NH3 liq), leading to the formation of the phosphazene film through an ECE mechanism “Electrochemical-Chemical-Electrochemical”. The study of the air ageing of the modified surface using XPS analysis revealed the protective nature of the film. The high value of the interfacial capacity after the anodic treatment suggests that the modified interface (Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor-like) is in accumulation state and behaves like a "real" capacitor
Deblangey, Adeline. "Optimisation de la mesure par spectrométrie visible et proche-infrarouge de la teneur en eau et en huile de l’olive." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0030/document.
Повний текст джерелаITAP Research Unit of IRSTEA and Pellenc SA company want to developa visible - near infrared spectroscopy measurement system in order to assess the quality of olives and monitor their ripeness. The measurement has to be non-destructive and performed on a single olive. The ripeness criteria selected are water and oil content. The main objective of this work is to optimize the measurement of these criteria, recorded by a portable spectrometer, by taking into account the constraints linked to the studied object and by overcoming the obstacles imposed by the technology used. In relation to the industrial objectives, three scientific questions were raised :SQ1 : How to get the reference values of the ripeness criteria from a single olive ?SQ2 : How to measure the spectrum of one olive ? Which optical configuration isbest suited for an olive ? Which volume of the olive is actually analyzed during thespectral measurement ? Does the spectrum contain information about the kernel ?SQ3 : How to calibrate the spectral measurement ? Are the prediction models robustregarding a variety not used for the calibration step ? How to include the kernel mass in the predicted values ?In order to answer those questions, experimental and comparative studies have been led. As the determination of water content is easily transposable to a single olive, only the measurement of oil content is studied (SQ1). Two existing methods nuclear magnetic resonance and hexane extraction have been characterized end evaluated when they are applied to the pulp of a single olive.The comparative study conducted on different optical configurations(SQ2) has high-lighted the impact of each configuration (transmission, diffuse reflectance with guidedpropagation of light through a sphere, diffuse reflectance with free propagation of light and interactance) on the spectral measurement. This study has also determined if all of these configurations are suitable for the whole olive measurements. Furthermore, the real volume analyzed during the spectral measurement has been investigated by studying the loss of transmitted light through the skin and the pulp.In order to answer SQ3, the present work provides optimized models for prediction ofwater content on the one hand and oil content on the other hand. The robustness study leads us to consider different methods (Model Update, Biais and Slope, DOP, wavelength selection) depending on the correction set used and therefore the finality of the future device. Concerning the introduction of kernel mass in predicted values, it has be done using various methods which are more or less destructive. The choice of one of these methods has been be determined by the technical possibilities of the device and the minimum expected accuracy of water and oil content predictions.Therefore, the results of this thesis provide some elements to guide the development of a portable spectrometer for measurements on individual olive fruits