Статті в журналах з теми "Sugarcane Soils"
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1
Blair, B. L., R. C. Magarey, J. I. Bull, and E. J. Johnson. "Biological studies of soils in paired old and new land sites growing sugarcane." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 4 (1997): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96137.
Анотація:
Summary. The growth of sugarcane in soils from land monocultured with sugarcane, and from land which had either never been cropped with sugarcane, or just recently cropped, was compared under glasshouse conditions. In general, cane growth in new land soils was greater than in monocultured soil (shoot growth 7.4%, root growth 21.4%). Responses to soil pasteurisation were investigated in some soils and were greater in monocultured soils suggesting that root growth constraints were larger in the monocultured soil (210% response in monocultured soils v. 64% in new land soils). Assays for sugarcane root pathogens suggested that Pachymetra chaunorhiza was a major contributor to the old/new land growth responses, but it is unlikely that Pythium spp. were factors in the growth differences. Monitoring of other groups of organisms in soil from one site suggested that sugarcane monoculture may affect populations in the broader biological community.
2
Abubakar, Ahmad Yusuf, Muhammed Mustapha Ibrahim, Caifang Zhang, Muhammad Tayyab, Nyumah Fallah, Ziqi Yang, Ziqin Pang, and Hua Zhang. "Filtered mud improves sugarcane growth and modifies the functional abundance and structure of soil microbial populations." PeerJ 10 (January 13, 2022): e12753. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12753.
Анотація:
Background Exploring high-quality organic amendments has been a focus of sustainable agriculture. Filtered mud (FM), a sugar factory waste derived from sugarcane stems, could be an alternative organic amendment for sugarcane production. However, the effects of its application proportions on soil fertility, nutrient cycling, structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities, and the growth of sugarcane in clay-loam soils remain unexplored. Methods Three application proportions of FM: (FM1-(FM: Soil at 1:4), FM2-(FM: Soil at 2:3), and FM3-(FM: Soil at 3:2)) were evaluated on sugarcane growth and soil nutrient cycling. High throughput sequencing was also employed to explore soil microbial dynamics. Results We observed that FM generally increased the soil’s nutritional properties while improving NO3− retention compared to the control, resulting in increased growth parameters of sugarcane. Specifically, FM1 increased the concentration of NH4+−N, the N fraction preferably taken up by sugarcane, which was associated with an increase in the plant height, and more improved growth properties, among other treatments. An increase in the proportion of FM also increased the activity of soil nutrient cycling enzymes; urease, phosphatase, and β-glucosidase. High throughput sequencing revealed that FM reduced the diversity of soil bacteria while having insignificant effects on fungal diversity. Although increasing FM rates reduced the relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, its class members, the Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria containing some N-cycling related genera, were stimulated. Also, FM stimulated the abundance of beneficial and lignocellulose degrading organisms. These included the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and the fungal phylum Ascomycota. The distribution of the soil microbial community under FM rates was regulated by the changes in soil pH and the availability of soil nutrients. Since FM1 showed more promise in improving the growth properties of sugarcane, it could be more economical and sustainable for sugarcane production in clay-loam soils.
3
Bhadha, Jehangir H., Nan Xu, Raju Khatiwada, Stewart Swanson, and Chris LaBorde. "Bagasse: A Potential Organic Soil Amendment Used in Sugarcane Production." EDIS 2020, no. 5 (September 24, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss690-2020.
Анотація:
Bagasse is an agricultural by-product derived from the sugarcane milling process. It is a dry and fibrous residue left after the extraction of sugar juice from sugarcane. Over 2 million metric tons of bagasse is generated each year in South Florida, and need exists to find environmentally sustainable, yet economically viable use for it. Application of bagasse as a potential soil amendment on mineral soils to grow sugarcane seems like a good option to utilize the product. This factsheet explores the feasibilty of using bagasse as a organic soil amendment to grow sugarcane on mineral soils in South Florida.
4
Orimoloye, Julius Romiluyi, Harrison Ugochukwu Nkwocha, and Ibrahim Adamu. "Assessment of inland valley soils for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production in some floodplains in central Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2020-0009.
Анотація:
AbstractSugarcane is an energy crop with great economic potentials. Information on soil evaluation for sugarcane in central Nigeria is very scanty. This study was carried out to evaluate the suitability of some soils of the floodplains in central Nigeria for sugarcane cultivation. A semi-detailed soil survey was carried out on 18,500 hectares of land straddling the floodplains of Rivers Niger and Benue in Korton-Karfe Local Government Area of Kogi State. Land resource survey was carried out using a 500 m×500 m grid pattern. Identified soil types were further examined with standard soil profiles. Samples were collected from the soil genetic horizons as well as surface (0–30 cm) soils at selected sampling points for fertility analysis. Parametric and non-parametric suitability evaluation methods were used to relate land qualities with land use requirements for commercial sugarcane cultivation. Relationships between evaluation methods were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Nine soil mapping units were identified in the study areas which were mainly Inceptisols (55.4%) and Alfisols (22.5%) which correlates with Fluvisols (40.4%), Cambisols (15.1%) and Lixisols (22.5%) in the World Reference Base (WRB) classification system. The evaluation methods used revealed that 0%, 4.95%, 49.48%, 23.55% of the soils were highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) for sugarcane cultivation, respectively. Potentially, 0%, 9.52%, 44.91% and 23.55% of the soils were found to be highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) for sugarcane cultivation, respectively. The soils were strongly limited by low soil nutrient availability, soil acidity and flood hazard. Soil management practices such as application of organic manures, fertiliser and liming could be adopted to ameliorate the soil acidity and supply deficient nutrients while land development strategies such as drainage, flood control and possibly sub-soiling would mitigate other major limitations to sugarcane cultivation.
5
Karounos, Michael, Ron Cherry, Mabry McCray, and Shangning Ji. "Survival and Behavior of Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Florida Sugarcane Soils." Journal of Entomological Science 55, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.4.499.
Анотація:
Abstract Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are major economic pests of Florida sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid). The corn wireworm, Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal), is the most important wireworm pest of Florida sugarcane occurring in both sandy and muck soils. The objective of this study was to determine survivability, preference, and dispersal of wireworms in sandy and muck soils. There was no significant difference in starved wireworm survival between the soils after 2 mo. However, the starved wireworms gained more weight in muck soil than in sand. Wireworms dispersed at similar rates toward oat baits in both soil types. Interestingly, in free choice tests wireworms showed a high preference to reside in muck versus sandy soil, which corresponds to the greater wireworm weight change found in muck versus sandy soil. The high preference for muck and greater weight gain in muck found in this study partially explains why M. communis is more abundant in muck soils than in sandy soils in Florida sugarcane.
6
Brackin, Richard, Nicole Robinson, Prakash Lakshmanan, and Susanne Schmidt. "Soil microbial responses to labile carbon input differ in adjacent sugarcane and forest soils." Soil Research 52, no. 3 (2014): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13276.
Анотація:
Soil microbial activity can be constrained by availability of energy because soil carbon (C) occurs mostly as complex soil organic matter (SOM), with relatively small quantities of high-energy, labile C. Decomposition of SOM is mediated by energy-requiring processes that need extracellular enzymes produced by soil microbial communities. We examined how an increase in energy status via sucrose supplementation affects the production of SOM-degrading enzymes, comparing matched soils under forest and sugarcane agriculture with histories of contrasting inputs of complex and labile C. Activities of SOM-degrading enzymes increased in both soils after sucrose addition, but CO2 production increased more rapidly in the sugarcane soil. The forest soil had greater increases in phosphatase and glucosidase activities, whereas the sugarcane soil had greater increases in protease and urease activity. The contrasting microbial community-level physiological profiles of the soils further diverged at 30 and 61 days after sucrose amendment, before returning to near pre-treatment profiles by 150 days. We interpreted the increasing soil enzyme production as indicative that enzyme production was limited by energy availability in both soils, despite contrasting histories of labile v. recalcitrant C supply. Quicker responses in sugarcane soil suggest pre-selection towards populations that exploit labile inputs.
7
Bramley, R. G. V., C. H. Roth, and A. W. Wood. "Risk assessment of phosphorus loss from sugarcane soils — A tool to promote improved management of P fertiliser." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02099.
Анотація:
Current strategies for phosphorus (P) fertiliser management in the Australian sugar industry do not account for the differences between different soils in their ability to sorb and release P. However, the off-site export of P from land under sugarcane has been shown to be a major factor contributing to elevated concentrations of P in stream waters draining catchments dominated by sugarcane production. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the lower part of the catchment of the Herbert River, north Queensland, a major sugarcane growing region. Our approach was to combine a knowledge of P sorption by soil and riverine sediments with an assessment of the risk of P loss from lower Herbert sugarcane soils and knowledge of the requirements of sugarcane for P. The results provide a basis for future P fertiliser management by canegrowers which accounts for both production and environmental imperatives. They also point to an urgent need for experimentation, based on rundown of soil P fertility, to determine critical soil test values in soils of varying P sorption, and provide a useful regional framework for the design of such experimentation.
8
Chen, Li Jun, Xiao Fei Wang, Hai Rong Guo, Gui Ping Xu, and Meng Meng Wei. "Vertical Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sugarcane Soils by Using Sugarcane Vinasse." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.368.
Анотація:
This paper studied the vertical distribution of heavy metals in sugarcane soils by using sugarcane vinasse. The results showed that the sugarcane vinasse not only reduced the pH value of the sugarcane fields, but also increased the concentration of organic matter. The Cu content decreased with soil depth, and six sampling points appeared peaks in the range of 30~40cm.There was not obvious change of Cd content in soil depth of 0~60cm. And the content of Zn and Pb showed different changes with different sampling points. The study also showed that the mobility of four heavy metals followed the order Cu> Zn> Pb> Cd. Besides, the content of Cu and Cd in some layers were exceeded soil background value of Guangxi. The geo-accumulation index indicated that the 36 samples collected from different layers were not contaminated by Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, and the sugarcane soils were in clean state.
9
Yang, Shangdong, Jian Xiao, Ziyue Huang, Renliu Qin, Weizhong He, Limin Liu, Hongjian Liu, Aomei Li, and Hongwei Tan. "Comparison of Soil Biological Properties and Bacterial Diversity in Sugarcane, Soybean, Mung Bean and Peanut Intercropping Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n8p54.
Анотація:
Sugarcane intercropping with soybean [Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.], mung bean [Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek] and peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) as well as a sugarcane monoculture were conducted to study the impacts of intercropping on soil biological characteristics and bacterial diversity. The results showed that soil cultivable microorganisms, the activities of soil enzymes and microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were all significantly improved by intercropping with soybean and mung bean. Additionally, soil bacterial diversity and richness in sugarcane fields were also significantly enhanced by intercropping with soybean and mung bean. In addition, soil bacterial community structures in sugarcane fields can be altered by intercropping with different legumes. Proteobacteria, a high-nutrient-tolerant bacterial assemblage, became the dominant bacteria in the sugarcane-soybean and sugarcane-mung bean intercropped soils. Twenty four, 28, 26 and 27 dominant soil bacterial genera were found after the sugarcane-soybean, sugarcane-mung bean, sugarcane-peanut and sugarcane monoculture treatments, respectively. Sugarcane-mung bean intercropping being the most promising system for regaining and improving soil fertility and soil heath and facilitate agriculture intensification of sugarcane.
10
Navarrete, Acacio Aparecido, Eliamar Aparecida Nascimbém Pedrinho, Luciano Takeshi Kishi, Camila Cesário Fernandes, Victoria Romancini Toledo, Rita de Cassia Félix Alvarez, Elisângela de Souza Loureiro, Leandro Nascimento Lemos, Siu Mui Tsai, and Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos. "Taxonomic and nitrogen-cycling microbial community functional profiles of sugarcane and adjacent forest soils in Southeast Brazil." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 4 (July 5, 2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00224.
Анотація:
Nowadays, due to the expansion of agricultural borders, it is highly desirable to increase the sustained productivity of sugarcane cultivars using the knowledge of soil microbial communities. In this study, twelve shotgun metagenomic datasets based on genomic DNA from soil were analyzed using the Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) and Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP) to assess differential responses for the total soil bacterial community composition and nitrogen-cycling microbial community functional potential in soils from sugarcane field with pre-harvest burning and adjacent forest in dry and wet seasons in Southeast Brazil. The soil bacterial community revealed higher abundance for Actinobacteria in forest soil than sugarcane soil in dry and wet seasons, and an opposite pattern for Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes in these soils in both seasons. The results obtained in this study based on the KEEG map suggest that the forest soil has a higher nitrogen-cycling microbial community functional potential compared to the sugarcane soil, independently of the season. The gene sequences associated with carbohydrate metabolism were the most frequent in all soil metagenomes. Taken together, the results confirm previous findings regarding the effects of forest conversion to sugarcane production area, providing new insights regarding to this conversion through the prism of the seasonality and pre-harvesting method on microbially mediated nitrogen cycle in sugarcane production fields.
11
Meerod, Kanyaphat, Monthana Weerawatanakorn, and Wanwisa Pansak. "The relationship between soil chemical properties and phytochemical contents of non-centrifugal cane brown sugar in Thailand." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 15(02):2021 (February 3, 2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.02.p2270.
Анотація:
In Thailand, NCS products from sugarcane are traditionally produced by the evaporation of raw cane juice obtained from a pressing machine. NCS products enhance flavor and supply both energy and nutritional value through the vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds which occur naturally in sugarcane produced without molasses removal. Soil quality and choice of cane cultivar affect the nutraceutical components of brown cane sugar products grown in diverse areas. Differences in nutraceutical components of NCS products obtained by traditional processes were investigated form sugarcane planted in two different areas of Sukhothai Province, with varied soil qualities based on the same cane variety (LK-92-11). The soil classification was carried out according to the Staff Soil Survey (2014) and classified as Aquic Haplustalfs and Aeric Endoaquepts soil types. NCS products from sugarcane planted in Aquic Haplustalfs contained high nutraceuticals and antioxidant activities compared with sugarcane planted in Aeric Endoaquepts. EC and potassium content of the soils showed significant negative correlation with policosanols, total phenolics, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of the NCS products. Pearson’s correlation indicated that higher electrical conductivity and potassium content of the soils were attributable to lower amounts of policosanols, total phenolics, and total flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities. We suggested that electrical conductivity and potassium content of soil should be concerned and monitored to obtain high level of nutraceutical of NCS product made from sugarcane
12
KUMAR, RAVINDRA. "Characterization and classification of soils under different land use systems in the upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10118.
Анотація:
For characterization of soils, soils were collected from Jorhat and a Golaghat district during 2016-2017under different land uses systems i.e. bamboo, sugarcane, tea and rice. Results indicated that surface soils of different land use systems varied from greyish brown (10YR 5/2) to brownish yellow (10YR 6/8).The structure was found predominantly sub-angular blocky and loam to clay loam in texture. The soil soils of all horizons of bamboo, tea plantation and rice were extremely acidic (pH <4.5) except sugarcane horizons (strongly acidic pH 5.0-5.50).Soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) in bamboo, sugarcane, tea plantation and rice varied from 6.20 to 7.29 cmol (p+)/kg, 8.19 to 9.92 cmol (p+)/kg, 5.54 to 6.88 cmol (p+)/kg, and 6.99 to7.58 cmol (p+)/kg, respectively due to variation in clay content. Sugarcane and tea plantation soils showed clay alleviation with more than 1.2 times in sub-surface horizon over surface horizon with low base saturation <35%to place them in the Ultisol and classified as fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic family of Typic Hapludults.In bamboo plantation, the soil had cambic horizon with base saturation <35%and classified as coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic family of Typic Dystrudepts, whereas, in case of rice soil, the gleyed sub-surface horizon was observed with base saturation <35% and classified as loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, Typic Endoaquepts.The correlation coefficient (r) among physico-chemical of soil properties in profiles under different land use systems in upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam showed organic carbon was positively and significantly correlated with base saturation. The pH showed positive and significant correlation with CEC and clay content.
13
REKWAR, RAVINDRA KUMAR. "Characterization and classification of soils under different land use systems in the upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam." ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10118.
Анотація:
For characterization of soils, soils were collected from Jorhat and a Golaghat district during 2016-2017under different land uses systems i.e. bamboo, sugarcane, tea and rice. Results indicated that surface soils of different land use systems varied from greyish brown (10YR 5/2) to brownish yellow (10YR 6/8).The structure was found predominantly sub-angular blocky and loam to clay loam in texture. The soil soils of all horizons of bamboo, tea plantation and rice were extremely acidic (pH <4.5) except sugarcane horizons (strongly acidic pH 5.0-5.50).Soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) in bamboo, sugarcane, tea plantation and rice varied from 6.20 to 7.29 cmol (p+)/kg, 8.19 to 9.92 cmol (p+)/kg, 5.54 to 6.88 cmol (p+)/kg, and 6.99 to7.58 cmol (p+)/kg, respectively due to variation in clay content. Sugarcane and tea plantation soils showed clay alleviation with more than 1.2 times in sub-surface horizon over surface horizon with low base saturation <35%to place them in the Ultisol and classified as fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic family of Typic Hapludults.In bamboo plantation, the soil had cambic horizon with base saturation <35%and classified as coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic family of Typic Dystrudepts, whereas, in case of rice soil, the gleyed sub-surface horizon was observed with base saturation <35% and classified as loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, Typic Endoaquepts.The correlation coefficient (r) among physico-chemical of soil properties in profiles under different land use systems in upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam showed organic carbon was positively and significantly correlated with base saturation. The pH showed positive and significant correlation with CEC and clay content
14
Jeevika, K., S. Pragadeesh, and A. Mohamed Haroon. "Assessment of nutrient ratios in the leaf of sugarcane grown in Theni district of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.750.
Анотація:
To assess the impact of nutrient ratios N/P, N/K and N/S on sugarcane productivity, a survey was conducted during its grand growth stage (October, November and December) influenced by various yield levels based on soil quality zones in Theni district of Tamil Nadu, India. The leaf samples were collected from cane yielding zones of the district was classified into three categories viz., low yielding (less than 75 t ha-1), medium (75 to 100 t ha-1) and high yielding (more than 100 t ha-1). Computation of nutrient ratios for sugarcane at its grand growth stage implied that the mean N/P, N/K and N/S ratios 8.31, 1.60 and 15.0 respectively in the third leaf of sugarcane in the high yielding zone resulted in maximum cane yields compared to relatively higher ratios in the top dewlap leaves from soils of low soil quality category which indicates that maintenance of high quality in sugarcane soils influences crop nutrient uptake, optimum nutrient ratios, the yield and quality of sugarcane.
15
Fernandez, Jose V., D. Calvin Odero, Gregory E. MacDonald, Jason A. Ferrell, Brent A. Sellers, and P. Christopher Wilson. "Field dissipation of S-metolachlor in organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida." Weed Technology 34, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.121.
Анотація:
AbstractDissipation of S-metolachlor, a soil-applied herbicide, on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida was evaluated using field studies in 2013 to 2016. S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 2,270 g ha−1 on organic and mineral soils with 75% and 1.6% organic matter, respectively. The rate of dissipation of S-metolachlor was rapid on mineral soils compared with organic soils. Dissipation of S-metolachlor on organic soils followed a negative linear trend resulting in half-lives (DT50) ranging from 50 to 126 d. S-metolachlor loss on organic soils was more rapid under high soil-moisture conditions than in corresponding low soil-moisture conditions. On mineral soils, dissipation of S-metolachlor followed an exponential decline. The DT50 of S-metolachlor on mineral soils ranged from 12 to 24 d. The short persistence of S-metolachlor on mineral soils was likely attributed to low organic matter content with limited adsorptive capability. The results indicate that organic matter content and soil moisture are important for persistence of S-metolachlor on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida.
16
Usman, Jacob, J. O. Ogbu, S. E. Iji, and S. Afatar. "Assessment of Some Wetland Potentials in Makurdi Supporting Rice and Sugarcane Production." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 9 (June 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.9.1.
Анотація:
The study was carried out in Makurdi, Benue State with the view to characterize some wetlands of Makurdi area and their suitability to rice and sugarcane production. In order to characterize and classify the soil, four pedons were dug at the selected seasonally flooded wetlands. The soils were characterized in terms of their morphological, physical and chemical properties. The soils were generally sandy loam, loamy sands and sandy clay loam. The distribution of clay content increased with soil depth for all pedons. The soils were strongly to moderately acid in reaction (3.47 to 5.61) in H2O. The soils had low (0.2 to 3.77 g/kg) organic carbon. The percentage base saturation ranged from 5 to 75 %. The soils were classified as Vertic Endoaquepts/Vertic Gleysols (Orthoeutric), Aeric Glossaqualfs/Lixic Gleysols (Orthoeutric) and Typic Epiaquults/Ferralic Acrisols (Epidystric). Soil Type B was marginally suitable (S3) for sugarcane. However, all the 4 soil types were moderately suitable (S2) for rice.
17
Siqueira, Félix Gonçalves de, Eustáquio Souza Dias, Romildo da Silva, Emerson Tokuda Martos, and Danny Lee Rinker. "Cultivation of Agaricus blazei ss. Heinemann using different soils as source of casing materials." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 6 (December 2009): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000600016.
Анотація:
Commercial productivity of the Agaricus blazei mushroom is closely related to both the quality of the compost and the choice of soil to be used as a casing material. This study aims to evaluate Agaricus blazei's productivity using two compost formulations and three soils. The two compost formulations were (i) crushed sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum (L.)) and Coastcross hay (Cynidon dactylon (L.) Pers.), and (ii) crushed sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum (L.)) and corn husk (Zea mays L.); they were amended with wheat bran, lime, gypsum, superphosphate and urea. The casing materials were extracted from three soils classed as Rhodic Hapludox, Xanthic Hapludox, and Humic Haplaquox. The Rhodic Hapludox soil material was mixed with fragments of Eucalyptus charcoal in the proportion of 4:1. The compost was prepared during six weeks and thereafter heat treated during 48 h at the end of the composting period. The sugarcane bagasse:coast-hay compost was superior to the sugarcane bagasse: corn husk compost. The Rhodic Hapludox plus charcoal casing material showed to be a better casing material than either the Xanthic Hapludox and Humic Haplaquox soil materials. The choice of the soils where the casing material is taken is an important factor to the success of the Agaricus blazei mushroom cultivation.
18
Santos, Carlos Renato dos, Antônio Celso Dantas Antonino, Richard John Heck, Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena, Alex Cristóvão Holanda de Oliveira, Antonio Samuel Alves da Silva, Borko Stosic, and Romulo Simões Cezar Menezes. "3D soil void space lacunarity as an index of degradation after land use change." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 42 (April 3, 2020): e42491. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42491.
Анотація:
In this work, lacunarity analysis is performed on soil pores segmented by the pure voxel extraction method from soil tomography images. The conversion of forest to sugarcane plantation was found to result in higher sugarcane soil pore lacunarity than that of native forest soil, while the porosity was found to be lower. More precisely, this study shows that native forest has more porous soil with a more uniform spatial distribution of pores, while sugarcane soil has lower porosity and a more heterogeneous pore distribution. Moreover, validation through multivariate statistics demonstrates that lacunarity can be considered a relevant index of clustering and can explain the variability among soils under different land use systems. While porosity by itself represents a fundamental concept for quantification of the impact of land use change, the current findings demonstrate that the spatial distribution of pores also plays an important role and that pore lacunarity can be adopted as a complementary tool in studies directed at quantifying the effect of human intervention on soils.
19
Meier, E. A., P. J. Thorburn, and M. E. Probert. "Occurrence and simulation of nitrification in two contrasting sugarcane soils from the Australian wet tropics." Soil Research 44, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05004.
Анотація:
The concentration of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) frequently exceeds that of nitrate-N (NO3−-N) in Australian wet tropical sugarcane soils. The amount of mineral N in soil is the net result of complex processes in the field, so the objective of this experiment was to investigate nitrification and ammonification in these soils under laboratory conditions. Aerobic and saturated incubations were performed for 1 week on 2 wet tropical soils. Net NO3−-N increased significantly in both soils during both types of incubation. A second series of aerobic incubations of these soils treated with NH4+-N and inoculated with subtropical nitrifying soils was conducted for 48 days. Nitrification in the wet tropical soils was not significantly affected by inoculation, and virtually all added N was nitrified during the incubation period. Mineral N behaviour of the 48-day incubations was captured with the APSIM-SoilN model. As nitrification proceeded under laboratory conditions and was able to be captured by the model, it was concluded that nitrification processes in the wet tropical soils studied were not different from those in the subtropical soils. Processes that remove NO3− from the soil, such as leaching and denitrification, may therefore be important factors affecting the proportions of NH4+-N and NO3−-N measured under field conditions.
20
Odero, Dennis C., and Dale L. Shaner. "Field Dissipation of Atrazine and Metribuzin in Organic Soils in Florida." Weed Technology 28, no. 4 (December 2014): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00163.1.
Анотація:
Sugarcane growers have observed reduced residual activity of atrazine on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of south Florida. Field studies were conducted between 2011 and 2012 to determine the rate of dissipation of atrazine at 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg ha−1and metribuzin at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ha−1in the top 10 cm of soil in sugarcane fields in the EAA. The bioavailable fraction of atrazine dissipated more rapidly than the total amount of atrazine in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of atrazine ranged between 3.9 to 12.1 d and 1.0 to 7.5 d, respectively. Metribuzin dissipated much more slowly than atrazine on organic soils. Similarly, dissipation of the bioavailable fraction of metribuzin was more rapid than was the dissipation of the total amount of metribuzin in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of metribuzin ranged between 16.2 and 24.8 d and 6.0 and 14.3 d, respectively. These results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation occurs on organic soils under field conditions in the EAA, resulting in shorter residual atrazine activity. This implies that metribuzin is a better option for weed control in sugarcane grown on organic soils of the EAA exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation.
21
Vu, Van Long, and Van Dung Tran. "Isolation and evaluation of the ability to decompose sugarcane leaves of bacterial strains from acid sulfate soils in the Mekong River Delta." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(3).24-27.
Анотація:
The objectives of this study were to isolate and determine the ability of bacterial strains to decompose sugarcane leaves from acid sulfate soils in the Mekong River Delta (MRD). Soil samples were collected from three acid sulfate soils in Ben Luc district, Long An province, Phung Hiep district, Hau Giang province, and Hon Dat district, Kien Giang province where large sugarcane areas cultivated. Six soil samples were collected and coded: LA1, LA2, HG1, HG2, KG1, and KG2. The results of the study have isolated 18 strains of bacteria are capable of producing cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose including LA2-4b, LA2-1, LA2-4a, LA2-2, KG2-1, KG2-2a, KG2-2b, KG2-3, KG2-20, KG2-21, KG2-22, KG2-24, KG2-26, KG2-27, LA1-1, LA1-2, LA1-3, LA1-7. All isolated bacterial strains have the ability to effectively decompose sugarcane leaves, have the potential to apply in practical production, and contribute to improving the quality of acid sulfate soils in the MRD. In which, five selected bacterial strains (LA1-1, LA2-4a, LA2-4b, KG2-2b, and KG2-24) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the decomposition of sugarcane leaves than the treatment without bacteria.
22
Goundar, M. S., R. J. Morrison, and C. Togamana. "Phosphorus requirements of some selected soil types in the Fiji sugarcane belt." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 32, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp14001.
Анотація:
The availability of phosphorus (P) in soil is perceived to be one of the limiting factors to sustainable sugarcane production in Fiji. The main objective of this research was to ascertain the amount of bioavailable phosphorus in some Fiji sugarcane growing area soils; this will be valuable in improving the determination of the required amount of inorganic fertilizer to be applied to the soil. In this study, twelve different soils were selected from the sugarcane belt of Fiji and phosphorus buffer index (PBI) and phosphorus isotherm experiments were performed. Soil physical and chemical parameters were also measured and Pearson’s correlation tests used to identify patterns. It was found that Oxisols had the highest PBI values ranging from 134 to 170 while Inceptisols had the lowest ranging from 33 to 54. The PBI data followed a similar pattern to the generated isotherm curves of the different soil types. Most interest was in identifying soils with low PBIs as they have greater potential for P leaching through runoff into waterways. Clay content showed a strong positive correlation with PBI (R = 0.76, p ≤ 0.005). There is strong association with phosphorus fixation in soil with increasing levels of Al and Fe in the soil. Phosphorus availability and P fixation varied with soil types.
23
Kawanobe, Masanori, Naoko Miyamaru, Koichi Yoshida, Takeshi Kawanaka, and Koki Toyota. "Plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, as a potential sugarcane growth inhibitor." Nematology 16, no. 7 (2014): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002810.
Анотація:
Sugarcane is the main industrial crop in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, and the objective of this study was to estimate potential damage to sugarcane by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). We selected 15 sugarcane fields with the same cultivar and cropping type in Kitadaito Island. Various kinds of PPN were found in all the fields and the proportion of PPN to the total nematode number was ca 50%, which is relatively high compared to other Japanese upland fields. Lesion (Pratylenchus sp.), stunt (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) and spiral (Helicotylenchus sp.) nematodes were detected at mean densities of 48, 22 and 6 (20 g soil)−1, respectively, from all the fields, and lance (Hoplolaimus sp.) and ring nematodes from half of the fields. The results suggested that sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island were ubiquitously infested with a variety of PPN with a relatively high abundance. One of the fields was studied further to examine the potential relationship between PPN and sugarcane plant growth. Since no nematicide is registered for sugarcane fields in Japan, an appropriate agrochemical was selected by testing its efficacy against PPN before evaluating the relationship between a PPN community and sugarcane growth. The results of a 10-week pot experiment for sugarcane growth showed that the number of PPN decreased by applying a nematicide fosthiazate, and that sugarcane seedling biomass was significantly greater by 34-63% in soils with applied nematicide than in non-applied control soils, suggesting that PPN may suppress sugarcane growth in Kitadaito Island.
24
Garber, N. P., and P. J. Cotty. "Aspergillus parasiticus Communities Associated with Sugarcane in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas: Implications of Global Transport and Host Association Within Aspergillus Section Flavi." Phytopathology® 104, no. 5 (May 2014): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-13-0108-r.
Анотація:
In the Rio Grande Valley of Texas (RGV), values of maize and cottonseed crops are significantly reduced by aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin contamination of susceptible crops is the product of communities of aflatoxin producers and the average aflatoxin-producing potentials of these communities influence aflatoxin contamination risk. Cropping pattern influences community composition and, thereby, the epidemiology of aflatoxin contamination. In 2004, Aspergillus parasiticus was isolated from two fields previously cropped to sugarcane but not from 23 fields without recent history of sugarcane cultivation. In 2004 and 2005, A. parasiticus composed 18 to 36% of Aspergillus section Flavi resident in agricultural soils within sugarcane-producing counties. A. parasiticus was not detected in counties that do not produce sugarcane. Aspergillus section Flavi soil communities within sugarcane-producing counties differed significantly dependent on sugarcane cropping history. Fields cropped to sugarcane within the previous 5 years had greater quantities of A. parasiticus (mean = 16 CFU/g) than fields not cropped to sugarcane (mean = 0.1 CFU/g). The percentage of Aspergillus section Flavi composed of A. parasiticus increased to 65% under continuous sugarcane cultivation and remained high the first season of rotation out of sugarcane. Section Flavi communities in fields rotated to non-sugarcane crops for 3 to 5 years were composed of <5% A. parasiticus, and fields with no sugarcane history averaged only 0.2% A. parasiticus. The section Flavi community infecting RGV sugarcane stems ranged from 95% A. parasiticus in billets prepared for commercial planting to 52% A. parasiticus in hand-collected sugarcane stems. Vegetative compatibility assays and multilocus phylogenies verified that aflatoxin contamination of raw sugar was previously attributed to similar A. parasiticus in Japan. Association of closely related A. parasiticus genotypes with sugarcane produced in Japan and RGV, frequent infection of billets by these genotypes, and the ephemeral nature of A. parasiticus in RGV soils suggests global transport with sugarcane planting material.
25
Gawander, J. S., P. Gangaiya, and R. J. Morrison. "Potassium Studies on Some Sugarcane Growing Soils in Fiji." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp02004.
Анотація:
This study investigated the potassium (K) status of sugarcane growing soils in Fiji, using samples taken from fields under cultivation and also from sites that had not been cultivated for at least 30 years. Five sites were on highly weathered oxyhydroxide soils where the total K contents and K retention capacities were generally low. The two less weathered soils containing significant amounts of 2:1 expanding clay minerals had much higher total K and non-exchangeable K. Exchangeable K and soil solution K contents varied significantly, but were generally low for most soils. Exchangeable K contents were lower in the regularly cultivated fields at five sites out of the eight, were higher at 2 sites, while for one site there was no change. These variations may be due to different levels of K input, uptake by crop and losses due to leaching and erosion. The two less weathered soils (Sigatoka and Nawaicoba) had lower contents of both non-exchangeable and exchangeable K in the cultivated soil when compared with the fallow sites suggesting net loss of K due to cultivation. These soils, however, also had high surface negative charge and thus a better capacity to retain K. Since the K requirement of sugarcane is characteristically high and large amounts of K are removed in the harvested crop, K fertilizer practices need to be scrutinized carefully in Fiji.
26
de Campos, Murilo, Jorge Martinelli Martello, Gabriela Ferraz de Siqueira, Ariani Garcia, Daniele Scudeletti, Patrícia Pereira Dias, Raffaella Rossetto, Juliano Carlos Calonego, Heitor Cantarella, and Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol. "Lime Rate in Clayey Soils Influences Chemical Fertility and Sugarcane Yield." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162110.
Анотація:
Liming contributes to the alleviation of acidity in highly weathered soils. For sugarcane, the use of green harvest methods and new soil tillage systems requires an adjustment of lime application rates. In the present study, the effects of different lime rates and tillage systems on sugarcane performance and soil chemical fertility parameters were assessed. Three experiments were conducted in two locations between April 2015 and October 2019. The study design was a randomized block field study with four replicates. Four lime rates were applied once at sugarcane establishments in each soil tillage system and location: no liming (control); lime recommended rate (LRR); two times LRR (2× LRR); and three times LRR (3× LRR). The three soil tillage systems were conventional (CT), deep-strip (DT), and modified deep-strip tillage (MDT). Soil chemical fertility, leaf nutrient concentrations, and sugarcane yield components were analyzed, and correlations were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). The soil acidity was adequately alleviated in all tillage systems. Increasing the lime rate improved the lime distribution and soil fertility parameters. Applying lime at rates higher than LRR improved stalk and sugar yields, longevity, agronomic efficiency index (AEI), and correlated with a longer residual effect of liming, mainly in the last ratoon.
27
Verma, R. K., D. V. Yadav, C. P. Singh, A. Suman, and A. Gaur. "Effect of heavy metals on soil respiration during decomposition of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) trash in different soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 2 (February 26, 2010): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1773-pse.
Анотація:
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb), soil texture (sandy, loam and clay) and incubation periods (7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) on soil respiration (CO<sub>2</sub> evolution) during sugarcane trash decomposition in laboratory conditions of the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India. Surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from agricultural fields and crop residue of sugarcane trash (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.) was taken in the institute farm. Crop residue (10 t/ha) and heavy metals (10, 50, 100, 1000 μg/g) were mixed and incubated at 30°C ± 2°C in an incubator. The rate of soil respiration (CO<sub>2</sub> evolution) decreased with increasing heavy metals concentration. During the 120 days, the toxicity decreased but still remained significant. Maximum soil respiration was recorded at 7 days of incubation period; further, it decreased with increasing incubation period. The highest drop of soil respiration rate was caused by addition of 1000 μg/g Cd, Cr and Pb levels. Clay soils evolved maximum CO<sub>2</sub> followed by loam and sandy soil.
28
Priyanka, Kumari, and Anshumali. "Quantifying total and labile pools of soil organic carbon in cultivated and uncultivated soils in eastern India." Soil Research 56, no. 4 (2018): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17188.
Анотація:
Loss of labile carbon (C) fractions yields information about the impact of land-use changes on sources of C inputs, pathways of C losses and mechanisms of soil C sequestration. This study dealt with the total organic C (TOC) and labile C pools in 40 surface soil samples (0–15 cm) collected from four land-use practices: uncultivated sites and rice–wheat, maize–wheat and sugarcane agro-ecosystems. Uncultivated soils had a higher total C pool than croplands. The soil inorganic C concentrations were in the range of 0.7–1.4 g kg–1 under different land-use practices. Strong correlations were found between TOC and all organic C pools, except water-extractable organic C and mineralisable C. The sensitivity index indicated that soil organic C pools were susceptible to changes in land-use practices. Discriminant function analysis showed that the nine soil variables could distinguish the maize–wheat and rice–wheat systems from uncultivated and sugarcane systems. Finally, we recommend crop rotation practices whereby planting sugarcane replenishes TOC content in soils.
29
Muthumanickam, D., and P. Stalin. "Nutrient dynamics in soils of intensively cultivated sugarcane - sugarcane cropping system." Advances in Applied Research 7, no. 1 (2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2104.2015.00009.1.
30
Bonini da Luz, Felipe, Martha Lustosa Carvalho, Daniel Aquino de Borba, Bruna Emanuele Schiebelbein, Renato Paiva de Lima, and Maurício Roberto Cherubin. "Linking Soil Water Changes to Soil Physical Quality in Sugarcane Expansion Areas in Brazil." Water 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113156.
Анотація:
Brazil is the world’s largest sugarcane producer with projections for expanding the current area by 30% in the coming years, mainly in areas previously occupied by pastures. We assess soil water changes induced by land-use change (LUC) for sugarcane expansion in the central-south region of Brazil. For that purpose, soil samples were collected in a typical LUC sequence (native vegetation–pasture–sugarcane) in two contrasting soil textures (i.e., sandy and clayey). Soil hydro-physical properties such as pores size distribution, bulk density, soil water content, water tension, and drainage time at field capacity, plant-available water, and S-index were analyzed. Our data showed that long-term LUC from native vegetation to extensive pasture induced severe degradation in soil physical quality and soil water dynamics. However, conventional tillage used during conversion from pasture to sugarcane did not cause additional degradation on soil structure and soil water dynamics. Over time, sugarcane cultivation slightly impaired soil water and physical conditions, but only in the 10–20 cm layer in both soils. Therefore, we highlight that sustainable management practices to enhance soil physical quality and water dynamics in sugarcane fields are needed to prevent limiting conditions to plant growth and contribute to delivering other ecosystem services.
31
Ketrot, Daojarus, and Worachart Wisawapipat. "Lead immobilisation in mining contaminated soil using biochar and ash from sugarcane." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 8 (August 12, 2021): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/57/2021-pse.
Анотація:
Immobilisation of lead (Pb) and toxic elements in contaminated soils is of importance due to their persistence in the environment. Herein, we investigated the effects of sugarcane filter cake biochar (SFCB) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) on the extractability of Pb and some toxic and potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in polluted mine soil samples from Lower Klity Creek, Thailand. The soil was equilibrated with the SFCB and SBA at the respective rates of 0, 1, and 5% (w/w) for 120 days at field capacity. The results revealed that both SFCB and SBA materials significantly (P < 0.05) decreased Pb extractability in the studied soil, and it stabilised after 56 days of incubation. At 120 days, the SFCB and SBA application at the rates of 5% SFCB, 5% SBA, 1% SFCB, and 1% SBA decreased the extractable Pb contents by 50.35, 40.81, 29.42, and 19.27%, respectively, compared to unamended soil. The SFCB and SBA materials also improved soil chemical properties by increasing the soil pH, available phosphorus, and extractable sulfur. At 5%, SFCB decreased As extractability and increased organic carbon in the studied soil. The Zn availability in the studied soil was also improved by SFCB and SBA addition. This study highlights the potential use of biochar and ash from the sugarcane industry to stabilise Pb and As in contaminated soils.
32
McCray, J. Mabry, Kelly T. Morgan, and Les Baucum. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for Sugarcane Production for Sugar on Florida Sand Soils." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-sc101-2016.
Анотація:
Sands used in sugarcane production in Florida have low levels of organic matter, silt, and clay, and they provide little nitrogen (N) through mineralization of organic matter and possess a low capacity for N retention as a result. Because these soils are highly leachable, N must be managed well to ensure adequate nutrition for the crop as well as protection of groundwater. This new 4-page fact sheet is part of the Sugarcane Handbook, and it discusses sand soils used in sugarcane production, sugar yield response to nitrogen, and revised nitrogen recommendations. Written by J. Mabry McCray, Kelly T. Morgan, and Les Baucum, and published by the UF Agronomy Department, February 2016. SS-AGR-401/SC101: Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for Sugarcane Production for Sugar on Florida Sand Soils (ufl.edu)
33
Berg, M. van Den, and J. B. Oliveira. "Variability of apparently homogeneous soilscapes in São Paulo state, Brazil: I. spatial analysis." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 24, no. 2 (June 2000): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832000000200015.
Анотація:
The spatial variability of strongly weathered soils under sugarcane and soybean/wheat rotation was quantitatively assessed on 33 fields in two regions in São Paulo State, Brazil: Araras (15 fields with sugarcane) and Assis (11 fields with sugarcane and seven fields with soybean/wheat rotation). Statistical methods used were: nested analysis of variance (for 11 fields), semivariance analysis and analysis of variance within and between fields. Spatial levels from 50 m to several km were analyzed. Results are discussed with reference to a previously published study carried out in the surroundings of Passo Fundo (RS). Similar variability patterns were found for clay content, organic C content and cation exchange capacity. The fields studied are quite homogeneous with respect to these relatively stable soil characteristics. Spatial variability of other characteristics (resin extractable P, pH, base- and Al-saturation and also soil colour), varies with region and, or land use management. Soil management for sugarcane seems to have induced modifications to greater depths than for soybean/wheat rotation. Surface layers of soils under soybean/wheat present relatively little variation, apparently as a result of very intensive soil management. The major part of within-field variation occurs at short distances (< 50 m) in all study areas. Hence, little extra information would be gained by increasing sampling density from, say, 1/km² to 1/50 m². For many purposes, the soils in the study regions can be mapped with the same observation density, but residual variance will not be the same in all areas. Bulk sampling may help to reveal spatial patterns between 50 and 1.000 m.
34
Skjemstad, J. O., J. A. Taylor, L. J. Janik, and S. P. Marvanek. "Soil organic carbon dynamics under long-term sugarcane monoculture." Soil Research 37, no. 1 (1999): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98051.
Анотація:
Comparisons of soil samples from virgin sites or sites recently planted to sugarcane (new) with sites that had been under cane production for many years (old) were made to investigate the potential impact of cane production on soil organic carbon (OC) levels and chemistry. The comparisons showed that very little change had occurred in total OC and in ‘light’ fraction (<1·6 Mg/m3). Increasing pyrophosphate extractability throughout the profile at some sites, as a result of cultivation, however, suggested that the organic matter generally became more ‘humified’ with long-term cane production. Evidence is presented for a redistribution of OC within profiles under cane production. Old, well-established cane sites had soils with lower OC levels in the surface horizons and higher levels in the subsoils relative to new sites. The overall chemistry of the soil organic matter, as indicated by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, did not change significantly at each site even though between site differences were large. Some soils contained substantial amounts of charcoal which was of pre-cane origin. In some of the coarse-textured soils, smaller amounts of charcoal produced during the burning of cane appeared to accumulate below the A1 horizons in the profiles. It also appeared likely that the redistribution of carbon in the upper horizons of some soils resulted from the movement of charcoal within the profile, probably as a result of tillage.
35
Camargo, Mônica Sartori de, Gabriela Rocha, and Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer. "Silicate fertilization of tropical soils: silicon availability and recovery index of sugarcane." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 5 (October 2013): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000500016.
Анотація:
Sugarcane is considered a Si-accumulating plant, but in Brazil, where several soil types are used for cultivation, there is little information about silicon (Si) fertilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the silicon availability, uptake and recovery index of Si from the applied silicate on tropical soils with and without silicate fertilization, in three crops. The experiments in pots (100 L) were performed with specific Si rates (0, 185, 370 and 555 kg ha-1 Si), three soils (Quartzipsamment-Q, 6 % clay; Rhodic Hapludox-RH, 22 % clay; and Rhodic Acrudox-RA, 68 % clay), with four replications. The silicon source was Ca-Mg silicate. The same Ca and Mg quantities were applied to all pots, with lime and/or MgCl2, when necessary. Sugarcane was harvested in the plant cane and first- and second-ratoon crops. The silicon rates increased soil Si availability and Si uptake by sugarcane and had a strong residual effect. The contents of soluble Si were reduced by harvesting and increased with silicate application in the following decreasing order: Q>RH>RA. The silicate rates promoted an increase in soluble Si-acetic acid at harvest for all crops and in all soils, except RA. The amounts of Si-CaCl2 were not influenced by silicate in the ratoon crops. The plant Si uptake increased according to the Si rates and was highest in RA at all harvests. The recovery index of applied Si (RI) of sugarcane increased over time, and was highest in RA.
36
Roldán, Erik L., Julien M. Beuzelin, Matthew T. VanWeelden, and Ronald H. Cherry. "Abundance of the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Foraging Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sugarcane Grown on Organic and Mineral Soils in Florida." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa015.
Анотація:
Abstract A study was conducted in Florida to determine sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), injury and infestation levels in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), D. saccharalis parasitism rates, and ant foraging activity in 32 commercial fields as affected by soil type (shallow organic vs deep organic vs mineral). In 2017 and 2018, each field was sampled four times during the summer for D. saccharalis by inspecting 100 sugarcane stalks and for foraging ants using plastic tubes baited with hot dog at 12 locations. One non-parasitized D. saccharalis larva was collected in 2017 and in 2018 out of 12,100 and 12,600 stalks sampled, respectively. Additional sampling of 50 stalks per field in October showed that 0.6% (2017) and 0.1% (2018) of the sugarcane stalks had bored internodes, and one Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) cocoon mass was observed. Seven ant species foraged in sugarcane fields, including the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, which was the most abundant ant. Solenopsis invicta was not affected by soil type; however, sugarcane fields on shallow organic soils might represent a more suitable environment. The third most abundant foraging ant, Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel), was more abundant in mineral soil fields than in shallow and deep organic soil fields. Results suggest that D. saccharalis population levels in Florida sugarcane are extremely low under current production conditions regardless of soil type. In addition, the observation of C. flavipes, S. invicta, and six other ant species suggest that biological control contributes to these low D. saccharalis population levels.
37
Edis, Robert B., Robert G. V. Bramley, Robert E. White, and Andrew W. Wood. "Desorption of phosphate from sugarcane soils into simulated natural waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 6 (2002): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01283.
Анотація:
A laboratory-based study of the behaviour of phosphorus (P) was carried out on the soils of the lower Herbert River catchment, Queensland, Australia. The aim was to explore the potential for P sorption or desorption by Herbert soils in associated river and estuary waters, so that the extent of problems associated with sugarcane production and soil-derived inputs to streamwater could be defined. Anion exchange resin was used as a sink for P. The equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPC) measured in simulated soil pore water (0.01M CaCl2), and the EPC in the simulated river and estuary waters were strongly correlated. Based on this, and the close relationship between P sorption and selected soil properties, it was possible to estimate P desorption using commonly measured properties. Much less desorption of P took place in simulated estuary waters than in simulated river water of much lower ionic strength. This suggests that environmental degradation arising from the downstream export of soil-borne P from Herbert cane lands is likely to be concentrated in freshwater areas. Sorption properties of P in soils of the lower Herbert appear to be closely associated with aluminium-rich minerals, rather than with iron (hydr)oxides.
38
Shanmuganathan, M., and A. Rajendran. "Soil Fertility Analysis for the Cultivation of Sugarcane and Rice in Thiruvarur Area." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.3.20.
Анотація:
In order to improve the yield of any crop, it is absolutely essential to carry out soil testing periodically. This will not only improve the procurement but also will provide eco-friendly ambience. Testing all soil quality parameters will be a laborious and time-consuming process. To overcome this problem, soli quality index can be of immense help. Unlike many water quality indices available, only a very few soil quality indices are in existence. Newly developed soil quality index called Heber soil quality index (HSQI) is widely used to identify and differentiate the various types of soils. The HSQI values of all samples were found to be in the range of 72.36 – 83.83 divulging a fact that the nature of soils inspected in this examination is good for the plantation of sugarcane and rice. The index was found to be time saving and cost-effective method of assessing the fertile nature of the soil for the effective farming of sugarcane and rice. Soil quality assessment in the light of HSQI is proposed to offer a better perceptive of the soil property measures to be taken to improve the quality of soil system for the better yield of any crop including sugarcane and rice.
39
Ferraz-Almeida, Risely. "How does organic carbon operate in the pore distribution of fine-textured soils?" Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26, no. 10 (October 2022): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n10p743-746.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Soil quality is important for providing adequate conduction for the production of food, fiber, and energy without significant alterations in the environment. Fragile soil indexes have been presented as soil quality indicators (i.e., soil porosity and carbon stocks) due to the easy modification by soil management and crop cultivation systems. The objective of this study was to determine and discuss how carbon operates in the distribution of macro- and micropores in fine-textured soils in tropical conditions using sugarcane and coffee production. The experiments were conducted in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using sugarcane cultivation (Saccharum officinarum) and coffee (Coffea sp.) in the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. It was verified that the distribution of micropores in fine-textured soils was higher than macropores due to the natural increment of clay in the soil. Organic carbon produced organic pores that positively impacted microporosity.
40
Vinall, Kerry, Susanne Schmidt, Richard Brackin, Prakash Lakshmanan, and Nicole Robinson. "Amino acids are a nitrogen source for sugarcane." Functional Plant Biology 39, no. 6 (2012): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12042.
Анотація:
Organic forms of nitrogen (ON) represent potential N sources for crops and an alternative to inorganic N (IN, ammonium nitrate). Sugarcane soils receive organic harvest residues (~40–100 kg ON ha–1), but it is unknown whether ON is a direct N source for crops. We investigated whether sugarcane can use organic monomers in the form of amino acids and whether the use of amino acids as a N source results in distinct metabolic or morphological change when compared with use of inorganic N (IN). Plantlets cultivated in sterile culture and young plants grown in non-sterile soil culture were supplied with IN, ON (five amino acids present in sugarcane soils), or combined IN and ON. All treatments resulted in similar biomass and N content indicating that sugarcane has a well developed capacity to use ON and confirms findings in other species. ON-supplied plants in axenic culture had increased total branch root length per unit primary root axis which has not been reported previously. In both experimental systems, ON supplied plants had increased asparagine concentrations suggesting altered N metabolism. Root of ON-supplied soil-grown plants had significantly reduced nitrate concentrations. We interpret the shift from nitrate to asparagine as indicative of N form use other than or in addition to nitrate by sugarcane. N metabolite profiling could advance knowledge of crop N sources and this will aid in development of N efficient cropping systems with a reduced N pollution footprint.
41
Morrison, R. J., and J. S. Gawander. "Changes in the properties of Fijian Oxisols over 30 years of sugarcane cultivation." Soil Research 54, no. 4 (2016): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15173.
Анотація:
Sugarcane production plateaued in Fiji at ~4 million tonnes annually (average ~55 t/ha) during the latter part of the 1980s but, in recent years, despite the continuing release of high yielding varieties, the total production has decreased to under 3 million tonnes (average ~45 t/ha). This study was initiated to study the changes in the properties of Oxisols following sugarcane cultivation to ascertain whether yield declines were due to degradation of soil biophysical and chemical properties. The study lasted from 1978 (when the soils were first cleared for agriculture) to 2009. Soil (0–15, 30–40 and 70–80 cm) properties including pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, water retention, bulk density, phosphate retention and exchangeable bases were monitored. The observed topsoil changes could generally be related to changes in organic matter and associated ion exchange properties. The major changes occurred in the first three years after clearing, but some changes continued for many years. Subsoil samples (30–40 cm) showed an increase in organic carbon after cane cultivation, probably due to soil mixing during land preparation, organic matter movement during cropping and decay of sugarcane roots. At 70–80 cm, small but significant increases in organic carbon were observed along with small decreases in pH. Overall, these changes indicate that careful management of topsoils is essential for maintaining soil fertility and hence sugarcane productivity on these highly weathered soils.
42
Plunkett, G. M., and R. C. Muchow. "Water extraction by sugarcane on soils of the Ord Irrigation Area." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 5 (2003): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02043.
Анотація:
Sugarcane is a new commercial crop in the Ord River Irrigation Area and irrigation management strategies are required for profitable production with minimal environmental consequences such as rising ground water. Knowledge of soil water properties and sugarcane water requirements is a necessary prerequisite for best-practice irrigation. Accordingly, soil water measurements were taken to quantify the amount and depth pattern of water extraction by sugarcane on the Ivanhoe Plain in the Ord River Irrigation Area.The drained upper limit and crop lower limit of extraction were measured on 4 soil types. The amount of soil water available to the sugarcane plant varied between soil types, ranging from 226 to 167 mm in a 2.0 m profile. Sugarcane extracted water down to 1.8 m at the Central and Northern Ivanhoe sites, down to 1.6 m at the Southern Ivanhoe site, but only down to 1.0 m at the Aquitaine site. The pattern of water use over time was determined at 2�sites and showed higher crop water use before the wet season and much lower crop water use after the wet season. There was considerable reduction in the ratio of crop water use to Class A pan evaporation after the wet season. Lower irrigation frequency after the wet season on maturing crops will improve irrigation efficiency and reduce impacts on the environment.This knowledge of the different soil water properties of the 4 soil types can be used with crop growth models to develop recommendations for best-practice irrigation management of sugarcane across the Ord River Irrigation Area. These recommendations need to account for the high soil water extraction capability of sugarcane growing in this environment.
43
Elephant, D. E., N. Miles, and P. Muchaonyerwa. "Accounting for potassium reserves and fixation in developing sugarcane fertiliser requirements." Soil Research 57, no. 1 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17300.
Анотація:
Knowledge gaps exist in the literature regarding inclusion of reserve-potassium (K) and K fixation when formulating K fertiliser requirements for sugarcane. This study investigated the levels of reserve-K and K fixation in the soils of the South African sugar industry, as well as their potential impacts on K requirements for crop growth. The investigation involved 113 topsoil (0–20cm) samples, which included Acrisols, Arenosols, Ferralsols, Fluvisols, Leptosols, Luvisols, Nitisols, Plinthisols, and Vertisols. The release of K from the non-exchangeable reserves was measured using 1.0M boiling HNO3 minus exchangeable K, and was termed reserve-K. The capacity of the soil to fix added K was estimated through medium-term incubations and termed the K requirement factor (KRF, the amount of fertiliser K required to raise exchangeable K by a single unit). Both reserve-K and KRF varied widely across all soils and within soil types. Furthermore, there were also wide variations in the relationship between reserve-K and K fixation capacity. Soils were grouped according to their varying levels of reserve-K and K fixation, with a view to improve the reliability of fertiliser K recommendations. Soils with a combination of high to very high reserve-K and low K fixation capacity are of particular concern because of the risk of luxury uptake of K resulting in reduced sucrose recovery, whereas soils with low to medium reserve-K and high K fixation may maintain inadequate supplies of K for crop growth. In this study, the introduction of reserve-K and KRF in fertiliser K recommendations resulted in significant reductions in average K requirements across all soils. These findings point to a need to re-evaluate the basis upon which K soil testing is conducted, as well as current approaches to the development of fertiliser K recommendations.
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Sandhu, Hardev, Maninder Singh, Robert Gilbert, Kelly Morgan, Ronald Rice, Leslie Baucum, James Shine, and Mike Irey. "Effects of Harvest Method on Microclimate in Florida Sugarcane." EDIS 2015, no. 4 (June 10, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-sc100-2015.
Анотація:
The production systems for sugarcane include either green cane or burnt cane harvesting operations. Sugarcane in Florida is typically harvested with burnt cane mechanical harvesting, but there is a growing interest to better understand the effects of green cane harvest residue “trash blankets” on microclimate conditions for sugarcane growing on both organic and mineral soils of Florida, so the authors conducted a three-year study to determine the effects of each harvest method on microclimate within the surface soil profile and at a 10 cm height from the soil surface. Results are presented in this 3-page fact sheet written by Hardev Sandhu, Maninder Singh, Robert Gilbert, Kelly Morgan, Ronald Rice, Leslie Baucum, James Shine Jr., and Mike Irey, and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2015. (UF/IFAS Photo: Josh Wickham.) SS-AGR-385/SC100: Effects of Harvest Method on Microclimate in Florida Sugarcane (ufl.edu)
45
Rimé, Delphine, Sylvie Nazaret, François Gourbière, Patrice Cadet, and Yvan Moënne-Loccoz. "Comparison of Sandy Soils Suppressive or Conducive to Ectoparasitic Nematode Damage on Sugarcane." Phytopathology® 93, no. 11 (November 2003): 1437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.11.1437.
Анотація:
Two South African sandy soils, one suppressive and the other conducive to ectoparasitic nematode damage on monoculture sugarcane, were compared. Analysis of field transects indicated that the suppressive soil displayed a comparatively higher population of the weak ectoparasite Helicotylenchus dihystera, whose predominance among ectoparasitic nematodes is known to limit yield loss caused by more virulent phytonematodes. Soil type was identical at both sites (entisols), but the suppressive soil had a higher organic matter content and a lower pH, which correlated with H. dihystera population data. In contrast, microclimatic differences between the two field sites were unlikely to be responsible for the suppressive or conducive status of the soils, as shown in a greenhouse experiment. The two soils exhibited a bacterial community of the same size but with different genetic structures, as indicated by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). The number of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads was higher for the conducive soil, probably because extensive root damage caused by ectoparasitic nematodes favored proliferation of these bacteria. This study shows that apparently small differences in soil composition between fields located in the same climatic area and managed similarly can translate into contrasted nematode communities, ectoparasitic nematode damage levels, and sugarcane yields.
46
Mariano, Eduardo, Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin, José Marcos Leite, Michele Xavier Vieira Megda, Rafael Otto, and Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco. "Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000200016.
Анотація:
Considering nitrogen mineralization (N) of soil organic matter is a key aspect for the efficient management of N fertilizers in agricultural systems. Long-term aerobic incubation is the standard technique for calibrating the chemical extraction methods used to estimate the potentially mineralizable N in soil. However, the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. In this context, the aims of this study were to determine the amount of soil mineralizable N in the 0-60 cm layer and to evaluate the use of short-term anaerobic incubation instead of long-term aerobic incubation for the estimation of net N mineralization rates in soils under sugarcane. Five soils from areas without previous N fertilization were used in the layers 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Soil samples were aerobically incubated at 35 ºC for 32 weeks or anaerobically incubated (waterlogged) at 40 ºC for seven days to determine the net soil N mineralization. The sand, silt and clay contents were highly correlated with the indexes used for predicting mineralizable N. The 0-40 cm layer was the best sampling depth for the estimation of soil mineralizable N, while in the 40-60 cm layer net N mineralization was low in both incubation procedures. Anaerobic incubation provided reliable estimates of mineralizable N in the soil that correlated well with the indexes obtained using aerobic incubation. The inclusion of the pre-existing NH4+-N content improved the reliability of the estimate of mineralizable N obtained using anaerobic incubation.
47
Ajala, O. N., T. A. Adjadeh, J. O. Olaniyan, T. O. Isimikalu, E. K. Nartey, and F. O. James. "Characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of soils under sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation at the Sugar Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria." Agro-Science 20, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i3.3.
Анотація:
A reconnaissance survey conducted at the University of Ilorin Sugar Research Farm (USRF) revealed four dominant soils at Site 1 (USRF1) and one at Site 2 (USRF2). The soils were characterized and classified according to both the Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Also, the suitability of the soils for sugarcane cultivation was evaluated using the limitation approach. While the USRF1 soils were reddish, the USRF2 soil was greyish due to poor drainage. The USRF1 soils were loamy sand with the AB-horizons of pedons II and III being gravelly. Pedon V had sandy loam surface, sandy clay loam subsurface and clay loam subsoil. The USRF1 soils were moderately acid while the USRF2 soil was slightly acid to slightly alkaline. Exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) content of the USRF2 soil which averaged 4.00 cmolc kg–1 was 2-3 times higher than that of the USRF1 soils. The USRF2 soil also contained higher Mg2+, K+ and Na+, 2-3 folds higher effective cation exchange capacity and > 10 folds higher soil organic carbon (with mean of 11.60 g kg–1) and total nitrogen (mean of 0.94 g kg–1). Under ST, pedons I and IV classified as Typic Haplustepts, II and III as Lithic Haplustepts and V as a Kanhaplic Haplustalf. Under WRB, pedons I and IV classified as Eutric Regosols (arenic), II and III as Endo-pisoplinthic Cambisols (arenic) and V as a Gleyic Lixisol (loamic). Pedon V was highly suitable (85.25%), I and IV moderately suitable (64.53%), II marginally suitable (47.40%) and III unsuitable (35.62%) for sugarcane cultivation.
48
Walter, David E., and G. R. Stirling. "Microarthropods in australian sugarcane soils: A survey with emphasis on the Mesostigmata as potential regulators of nematode populations." Acarologia 58, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184264.
Анотація:
Sugarcane is attacked by a suite of nematode pests, but little is known of the mites and other soil microarthropods that feed on them. To address this deficit, we undertook a survey of the soil microarthropod fauna in 60 sugarcane fields in Queensland, Australia. The results showed that oribatid mites and springtails dominated the upper 10 cm of sugarcane mineral soils. Laboratory observations demonstrated avid nematophagy in Galumnidae (Galumna sp., Pergalumna sp.), Scheloribatidae (Scheloribates sp.), and one unidentified Isotomidae (Collembola). Mesostigmata, a group of mites with many known nematophages, were never very abundant. Most of the taxa identified were previously known from Australia, but Protogamasellus sigillophorus Mineiro, Lindquist and De Moraes is reported for the first time and was reared through several generations on nematodes. In addition, we reared ten other cane field mesostigmatans on nematodes: Antennolaelaps sp., Asca garmani, Asca major, Cheiroseius sp., Cosmolaelaps sp., Gaeolaelaps sp., Gamasellodes bicolor, Gamasiphis sp., Holaspulus tenuipes, Protogamasellus mica. Because Mesostigmata were present at higher population densities in mineral soil where a mulch layer was retained after harvest, we assessed the effect of mulching in two sugarcane fields. Mulching did not result in significant differences in total microarthropods in the upper 5 cm of mineral soil. However, the mulch contained large numbers of free-living nematodes and 10% of the microarthropods were nematophagous mites. Results from a pot experiment also suggested that differences in soil properties affect nematophagous mite communities. More microarthropods and greater numbers of Mesostigmata were recovered from a well-structured clay loam soil than a sandy loam soil, and populations were highest in surface soils with high carbon contents and high levels of microbial activity.
49
Corsiga, Clea Anne, Rodrigo Badayos, Pearl Sanchez, Erlinda Paterno, and Pompe Sta. Cruz. "Socio-Economic Assessment of Sugarcane-Based Cropping System in Negros Occidental, Philippines." Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/pjae.v2i1.546.
Анотація:
The sugar industry is the life-giving force of the economy of Negros Occidental which contributes to more than half of the country's total sugar production. The study aims to know the socio-economic status of sugarcane farmers in the province; evaluate their management practices on sugarcane production profitability based on the suitability and constraints exhibited by the major soil series grown to sugarcane, and to determine the effect of these farmers' practices on the properties of the soils. A survey on twenty-five (25) farmers was conducted. FAO soil constraints and suitability analysis tool were used to identify the constraints and suitability of Guimbalaon, Isabela, Luisiana, San Manuel, and Silay soil series. Existing management practices of farmers like monocropping, burning of trashes, and intensive and inappropriate use of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides may either affect soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Topography and wetness were the severe constraints in all soil series. Sugarcane farmers with farms belonging to Silay series have the highest profitability based on net income, return on investment, and benefit-cost ratio while those belonging to Isabela series have the lowest profitability which could be attributed to varying constraints for sugarcane production thus, appropriate soil management interventions are necessary for this series.
50
Dissanayake, N., J. W. Hoy, and J. L. Griffin. "Herbicide Effects on Sugarcane Growth, Pythium Root Rot, and Pythium arrhenomanes." Phytopathology® 88, no. 6 (June 1998): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.6.530.
Анотація:
Six herbicides were evaluated for their effects on Pythium root rot and growth of sugarcane in greenhouse experiments and on in vitro mycelial growth rate of Pythium arrhenomanes. Pendimethalin and atrazine were most inhibitory to mycelial growth, but neither reduced root rot severity. Asulam, atrazine, and metribuzin were not phytotoxic to sugarcane and did not affect root rot symptom severity in clay loam or silt loam field soils. Atrazine and metribuzin increased shoot number, and atrazine increased total shoot weight for treated plants in silt loam soil. Glyphosate, pendimethalin, and terbacil were phytotoxic to sugarcane. These herbicides increased root rot severity, but the extent to which growth reductions resulted from increased disease severity or from direct herbicide injury was not clear. Adverse effects on plant growth and root rot severity were greater in clay loam than in silt loam soil. The results suggest that sugarcane injury from some herbicides is compounded by increased severity of root rot.