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Дисертації з теми "Sugar"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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1

WANG, YI. "Sugar Control of Artemisinin Production." Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/460.

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The role of sugars as regulatory signals has mainly focused on their effects on plant growth, development, gene expression, and metabolism. Little, however, is known about their role in controlling secondary metabolism. Previous work in our lab showed that sugars affect the production of the sesquiterpene antimalarial drug, artemisinin, in hairy roots of Artemisia annua. In this study, sugars alone or in combination with their analogues were used to investigate if sugars control artemisinin production in Artemisia annua seedlings. Compared to sucrose, a 200% increase in artemisinin by glucose was observed. When the glucose analog, 3-O-methylglucose, which is not phosphorylated effectively by hexokinase, was added with glucose, artemisinin production was dramatically decreased but hexokinase activity was significantly increased compared to glucose. In contrast, neither mannose, which can be phosphorylated by hexokinase, nor mannitol, which can not be transported into cells had any significant effect on artemisinin yield. When different ratios of fructose to glucose were added to seedlings, artemisinin yield was directly proportional to glucose concentration. Although addition of sucrose with glucose gave inconclusive results, sucrose analogues decreased artemisinin production compared to sucrose. These results suggested that both monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars may be acting as signal molecules thereby affecting the downstream production of artemisinin. Taken together, these experiments showed that sugars clearly affect terpenoid production, but that the mechanism of their effects appears to be complex.

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2

Hunter, Stuart James. "Synthesis and Exploitation of Branched Sugars and Sugar Amino Acids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491619.

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This thesis describes the synthesis of 2-C-branched carbohydrate derivatives from ketohexoses and some useful synthetic applications thereof. Chapter 1 encompasses a general introduction to branched-chain sugars, with the emphasis upon 2C- hydroxymethyl and -methyl branched sugars. Strategies for their synthesis are discussed, both from nucleophilic and electrophilic carbohydrate derivatives. Some synthetic applications of carbohydrates and consequently branched carbohydrates are highlighted, with a view to the derivatisation of a proposed chiron from the Kiliani ascension of L-sorbose, 2-C-hydroxymethyl2,3: 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-L-gulono,1,4-lactone. In chapter 2, the Kiliani ascension of L-sorbose and two subsequent complementary di-O-isopropylidene protections of the branched-chain lactones generated (thermodynamic and kinetic) are discussed. Further studies into the same transformations of three other ketohexoses, D-fructose, D-tagatose and D-psicose are then discussed. Further useful synthetic derivatives of the three major isomeric L-sorbose-derived branched di-protected lactones: selective deprotections and cleavage of C5-C6 bonds. One major area wh!ch utilizes carbohydrate building blocks is iminosugar synthesis. Iminosugars are the major compound class of interest in the realm of glycosidase inhibition, and also have other therapeutic properties, thus making them desirable synthetic targets. The application of 2-C- . branched sugar derivatives in the synthesis of novel iminosugars is proposed. Chapter 4 describes the syntheses of eight novel 2-C- hydroxymethyl and -methyl branched iminosugars from the major thermodynamic product (2-C-hydroxymethyl-2,3 :5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-L-gulono-l ,4-lactone) obtained from the Kiliani ascension of L-sorbose, as described in chapter 2. The syntheses of two additional novel iminosugars from isomeric 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene branched derivatives is described. Some results of inhibitory activity follow the synthetic results. The last two chapters provide a general introduction to macrocycles, and some synthetic investigations into macrocycles based on open-chain sugar amino acids (SAAs). SAA-derived macrocycles are structural hybrids of macrocyclic peptides and cyclodextrins. Strategies for the synthesis of large rings and previous work on D-galactose-derived-SAA macrocycles within the group is described with a view to the extension of this work towards novel asymmetric macrocycles with functionalisable rings. Chapter 6 reports synthetic investigations into three related families of macrocycles, each based on an open-chain galacto SAA. The pure galacto SAA macrocycles are revisited and two novel families of macrocycles are born, one containing proteinogenic amino acids and the other incorporating branched-chain SAAs. The branched-chain SAA itself is derived from 2-C-hydroxymethyl-2,3 :5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannono-l ,4-lactone, the major protected Kiliani lactone derived from D-fructose. Two major improvements to the original methodology for macrocycle formation are reported. Some structural analysis of macrocylic compounds through NMR and CD spectroscopy.

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3

Richards, James. "Sugar Skulls." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/8.

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This dissertation is a collection of four long short stories about contemporary Americans written in the mode of psychological realism. “Bare Knuckles” depicts the struggles of a young man trying to “make it” in the world of illegal boxing. “ZOSO” focuses on the breakdown of an upper-middleclass family forced to move from the rustbelt to the “New South.” In “Dusted,” a man ill-equipped to navigate through the adult world turns to substance abuse and violence as a “way out.” “Sugar Skulls” explores the fascination with death in the punk rock world.

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4

Stetz, Rebecca J. E. "Sugar mimics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343469.

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5

Wennerholm, Kerstin. "Influence of sugar and sugar alcohols on mutans streptococci." Göteborg, Sweden : Göteborg University, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=Sq1pAAAAMAAJ.

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6

Szarek, Mark Anthony. "Chemistry and biology of novel amino sugars and amino-sugar analogs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ31955.pdf.

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7

PITTIA, PAOLA. "Physical state of sugar matrices and aroma-sugars interactions at nanoscale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908096.

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8

Stolz, Hendrik Nicolaas Petrus. "Invert sugar from sugar cane molasses : a pilot plant study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1986.

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An investigation was done into the recovery of invert sugar from sugar cane molasses. A pilot plant was designed and constructed to evaluate the clarification and separation of molasses to produce invert sugar syrup. The aim of the pilot plant was to prove the process and deliver data so as to facilitate the design and prove the financial viability of a commercial plant. The pilot plant had to process 300 kg/day of molasses. The clarification of molasses by centrifugal separation, a known desludging process, did not produce a product of acceptable quality which could be used in a chromatographic separator. The results were disappointing. The product obtained was also not suitable for dead end pressure filtration. The turbidity remaining after the centrifugal separation also did not respond to a second flocculation process. Conventional settling clarification was investigated. Seven factors that could influence the consolidation and settling of suspended solids in molasses were identified, namely: the age of the diluted molasses, the temperature of the flocculated mixture, the variations across various batches of flocculant, the effect of reaction time of the phosphoric acid, the optimum flocculant dosing concentration, the optimum concentration of the molasses solution and the effect of increasing the acid dosage. The optimum conditions to clarify molasses through settling were found to be: fresh molasses, at 28 Brix and 60°C, allowing 10 min intervals between acidification with 3,75 g (as 100%) phosphoric acid/ kg dry material (assumed equal to Brix) and neutralisation with 5 g (as 100%) caustic/kg dry material (assumed equal to Brix), flocculation with any batch of flocculant 6195, dosed as a 1000 ppm solution. Commercial equipment was evaluated. The pilot plant E-cat clarifier was operated at 300 l/h and a thick sludge formed. The overflow was clear and it could be filtered. The molasses obtained was suitable for chromatographic separation. The recovery of sugars from molasses sludge has economic merit. From the evaluation of centrifugal separation and gravity separation it is clear that gravity separation again is the best method. The sweet-water obtained is consistent within the clarity requirement of 10 NTU/Brix and can be used to dilute raw molasses in the upstream processing step. The clarification process that was developed is patented. [Bekker, Stolz et.al. (2001)] A sugar recovery of 93.9 mass % at a purity of 99.7 mass % from molasses, was achieved using a simulated moving bed, ion exclusion, pilot plant. The operating conditions for this performance were: feed flow at 14 l/h and at a temperature above 60 °C; water flow at 63 l/h and at a temperature above 65 °C; extract flow at 21 l/h; raffinate flow at 56 l/h; loop flow at 78 l/h and step time at 1326 seconds. This relates to the following bed volumes of the various separation zones: Bed Volume Zone 1 = 0.694; Bed Volume Zone 2 = 0.591; Bed Volume Zone 3 = 0.661; Bed Volume Zone 4 = 0.383. There is a trade-off between purity and recovery and a reduction in water usage. A preliminary environmental impact assessment and conceptual mass balance were done. The proposed plant integrates well into the existing Komati Mill of TSB and does not pose any significant environmental threat. The plant requires certain services from the mill. The mass balance investigated the water and steam consumption of the plant. Process integration was done so as to obtain the optimum utility consumption. The utility consumption of the plant does not exceed the capacity available at the mill. A small boiler is however required to produce steam during the annual mill maintenance period. Various techniques were used in a cost estimation for the invert sugar plant. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 42% for a fixed capital investment of R94,270,000.00. The net return rate (NRR) for the project is 4%/year, the net present value (NPV) - discounted at a 30% cost-of-capital is R41,782,000.00. The net payout time (NPT) is 5.207 years. The project fulfils the financial requirements set by TSB. It is now possible and viable to desugarize cane molasses.

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9

Hostetter, Christina J. "Sugar allies how Hershey and Coca-Cola used government contracts and sugar exemptions to elude sugar rationing regulations /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/235.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of History. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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10

Fujii, Sachie. "Studies on drying of sugar solutions and stabilization of dried foods by sugars." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189644.

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11

Fairbanks, Antony J. "Sugar lactones in synthesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:44329487-5d08-4df4-8baf-fc682d4bc9cc.

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This thesis describes the synthesis of some novel carbohydrate lactones and their uses as starting materials in (a) the syntheses of various polyfunctionalised cyclopentanes, via intramolecular aldol condensations, (b) the synthesis of 1-epihydantocidin, in which the crucial synthetic step involves a novel transformation induced by tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate, and (c) the syntheses of various tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans. The syntheses of 3,4-O-isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene altrono and allono-1,5-lactones via Kiliani ascension of protected forms of D-ribose are described. The stereochemistry of the major reaction product, which was identified as 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-altrono-l,5-lactone was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Introduction of azide and iodide at C-2 is achieved via silyl protection of C-6 and formation of the 2-O-triflates. Nucleophilic displacement with azide or iodide produces mixtures of C-2 epimers. Desilylation is readily achieved by treatment with acetic acid to yield azido and iodo alcohols. Attempted oxidation of C-6 to an aldehyde functionality, in an attempt to effect cyclopentane formation via intramolecular aldol condensation of C-2 onto C-6 failed. Treatment of altrono and allono azido alcohols with tetrapropylammonium perruthenate unexpectedly results in the formation of a [2.2.2.] bicyclic hemiaminal, whose structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Conversion of the amine functionality to a urea is effected by treatment with potassium cyanate. Cyclisation of the urea functionality onto the lactone carbonyl and subsequent deprotection effects the synthesis of 1-epihydantocidin. Investigations into acid catalysed epimerisation of the spiro centre in both hydantocidin and 1-epihydantocidin are described. Potassium carbonate induced ring contraction of 6-O-silyl altrono- and allono- 1,5-lactone-2-O-triflates yields tetrahydrofurans, the stereochemistry of which is confirmed by conversion to symmetric materials. Intramolecular Mitsunobu cyclisation of OH-2 onto C-6 of altrono-1,5-lactones effects tetrahydropyran formation. Inversion of C-5 of the known 3,4:5,6-di-O-ispropylidene-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptono- 1,5-lactone is described. Confirmation of product stereochemistry is achieved by conversion to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-altrono-1,5-lactone. Introduction of iodide and azide at C-2 is achieved via the formation of the 2-O-triflate. Selective deprotection of the 5,6 isopropylidene and subsequent periodate cleavage yields aldehydo lactones which undergo potassium fluoride induced intramolecular aldol cyclisation, to yield bicyclic [2.2.1.] azido and iodo carbocycles. Sodium azide induced intramolecular aldol cyclisation of 5-azido-5-deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-L-galacturono-2,6-lactone, which produces two [2.2.1.] bicyclic azido carbocycles, is described. The second azido carbocycle, which is found to be the major reaction product, readily undergoes a retro aldol reaction, resulting in the formation of a third azido carbocycle, the structure of which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Investigations into the equilibration of these three bicyclic [2.2.1.] azido carbocycles under the reaction conditions employed to effect their formation are described. Various ring opening reactions of the second and third materials, and their uses in the syntheses of a novel amino pentol, two novel tetrahydroxy cyclopentane spirohydantoins and two novel cyclopentane amino acids are described. The structure of the asymmetric amino acid was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Under basic reaction conditions retro aldol equilibration is seen to compete effectively with ring opening.

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12

Grieve, Teresa Maria. "Sugar beet gene manipulation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279572.

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13

Reutter, Sophia. "Arsenic in the Sugar." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617962150790269.

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14

Tombasco, Natalie. "Girl-Junk, Sugar-Funk." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2018. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/504.

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15

Thevenot, Tracy Lynn. "Aspects of sugar transport via the phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system of streptococcus mutans /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23673.pdf.

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16

Flynn, Claire June. "The synthesis of amino- and diamino-sugars and the evaluation of sugar-dye conjugates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480978.

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17

Vargas-Ramirez, Juan Manuel. "Evaluation of Storage Techniques to Preserve Fermentable Sugars from Sugar Beets for Ethanol Production." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26618.

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New sugar beet varieties may qualify as an advanced biofuel feedstock in the U.S., but new alternatives to conventional pile storage are necessary to preserve fermentable sugars and allow yearlong beet ethanol production. Fermentable sugar preservation was assessed in sugar beets stored under aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres and in raw thick juice stored at acidic (2≤ pH≤ 5) and alkaline (8≤ pH≤11) conditions. Aerobic storage of sugar beets at 4°C for 14 wk resulted in higher fermentable sugar retention (99± 4%) than at 25°C or anaerobic storage at 4° C and 25° C. Raw thick juice retained ≥ 99% of fermentable sugars at pH 3.5 and 9.5 and refractometric dissolved solids content of 64.5° Bx. The changes in fermentable sugars in raw thick juice stored for 24 wk at acidic and alkaline pH were modeled by response surface methodology. Although raw thick juice was stored successfully at acidic and alkaline pH, conditions for high-efficiency fermentation must be developed.

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18

Gastilo, Joshua Timsing Maka'ala. "“Sugary Mixed-Plate”: Landscape of Power and Separation on 20Th-Century Hawaiian Sugar Plantations." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068194.

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Archaeology in the Hawaiian Islands predominantly focuses on pre-contact and immediate post-contact contexts, while largely ignoring post-1870 phenomena. The scarcity of studies examining these settings points out the rich opportunities for investigating dynamics that influenced Hawaiian sugar plantation laborer perceptions of power, authority, and class relations on 20th century Hawaiian plantations. Part of the Hawaiian sugar planters’ strategy to dominate the political governance of Hawaiʻi and the social dynamics of the plantations was the establishment of racial hierarchies. Planters reinforced such hierarchies by promoting divisions and segregation and by establishing places of power in the form of managers’ and luna (overseers) residences. These physical structures served as materializations of planter control reinforcing planter hegemony. This paper analyzes spatial and documentary data from the Pacific Sugar Mill, the Honokaʻa Sugar Company and the Onomea Sugar Company plantations on Hawaiʻi Island using a Marxist lens. Another theory that is employed to explore how planter hegemony materialized on the sugar plantation landscape of Hawaiʻi is Foucault’s notion of the “panopticon.” I expected to find structures of power in locations supporting the surveillance of laborer camps. However, my analysis suggests that Hawaiian sugar management strategies opposed this expectation. Viewshed analyses indicate that managers and luna had limited surveillance capabilities from their homes, thus contradicting the possibility that an overt direct visual surveillance was an active management strategy. These findings also suggest that laborer camps located closer to structures associated with plantation management were under more direct surveillance than more isolated camps based on their position within the racial hierarchy. Additionally, this investigation indicates that the surveilled areas enjoyed more access to facilities located in the core of the plantation such as stores, schools, and hospitals. Ultimately this analysis of three 20th century sugar plantations in Hawaiʻi highlights the materialization of planter hegemony on the landscape by underscoring the relation between spatial and social distance in the context of racial hierarchies.

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19

Lenze, Taylor Ann. "Student Sugar Dating: Sugar Babies' Perceptions of Their Decisions to Begin, Continue, or Desist." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1604742197983985.

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20

Boettger, Cynthia M. "Sugar sensing in Spirodela punctata." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.25 Mb., 84 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1430758.

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21

Oritseje, Florence Remi. "Sugar secretion by Ricinus nectaries." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46480.

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22

Yi, Wang. "Sugar control of artemisinin production." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042906-210543/.

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23

Rogers, Paul S. "Sugar lactones in organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425897.

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24

McGouran, Joanna. "Probing sugar-plant-soil signalling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526091.

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25

Simone, Michela A. "Studies on branched sugar lactones." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497098.

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26

Lindvall, Charlotta. "I Mend It With Sugar." Thesis, Konstfack, Ädellab/Metallformgivning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5188.

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I mend it with sugar Abstract "Gluttony" and "sloth" is the sugar addictions best friend, or could it be that the addiction comes out of a disturbed hormone production caused by the environment that surrounds us? Trying to understand my own sugar addiction I weave in my personal story into my artistic research around this subject. The sugar might be the cause of the pandemic obesity and that's why it has to bee brought up into the light from its darkness down the basement of the food giants that roles over the world economy. There might be no answer yet to the questions I ask myself but it is time that we all do what it takes to get closer to the answers, by questioning the nature of the food that we stuff our self full of, we all have a part of it, or do we? Have our brain already been kidnapped by the white gold that we're no longer capable to think clear? This is a subject that suits very well to be highlighted through body related art, such as jewellery and corpus. We use our body when we eat, our feelings is coming from the inside of our body, by looking at our body and how it acts we can easily see the signs of how we really feel it's just that we forgot to look, we forgot to listen to our body, maybe it's the sugar that has numb our bodies…

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27

Tangney, Martin. "Sugar transport in Bacillus licheniformis." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/798.

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28

Toulson, Edwin Robert. "Sugar beet quality measuring system." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407677.

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29

Gemmell, Natasha. "Diastereocontrolled modifications of sugar ketones." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342107.

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30

Thangevelo, Debashine. "Nice like sugar and spice." Pretoria News Tonight, 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000734.

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31

Perry, V. J. "Slavery, sugar and the sublime." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19501/.

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The study examines the relationship between eighteenth and early nineteenth century British visual culture and the wealth created from slave-trading, Caribbean sugar plantations and the colonial transatlantic trade. Influenced by Edward Said’s Culture and Imperialism - and drawing on the evidence of buildings, landscapes and archives - I demonstrate that imperial links were manifest not only, as Said argues, in British literature, but also explicit in the architecture, interiors and landscapes commissioned by Britain’s eighteenth century elite. But the visual connections between Britain and its maritime colonial empire were not just manifest in the design of individual buildings or landscape gardens. The growing prosperity of provincial ‘Atlantic’ ports such as Bristol, Liverpool, Lancaster, Whitehaven and Glasgow had a profound effect on Britain’s ‘cultural geography’ - a shift towards the Atlantic west that was manifest in new aesthetic attitude towards wild and untamed landscapes. The profits from colonial plantations helped transform the perception of remote, often agriculturally unproductive uplands of western Britain into places of aesthetic value. I show, for instance, how financial investments made by ‘Atlantic’ colonial planters and merchants in north Wales, Cumberland and Scotland were instrumental to the creation of ‘Snowdonia’, ‘The Lakes’ and ‘The Highlands’ as ‘scenic’ tourist destinations. The fashion for landscape tourism was not just confined to Britain. The celebration of uncultivated ‘Nature’ also became a means to dignify colonial exploration and travel. I investigate the significance of landscape theorists Edmund Burke’s and William Gilpin’s connections with the colonial Atlantic trade, the critical influence of absentee planters on the popularity of picturesque landscape tourism and discuss how landscape art was used to represent the Caribbean colonies at a time of growing anti-slavery sentiment in Britain.

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32

Armstrong, Florian Traci L., Heidi L. Keeling, Scottie Misner, and Evelyn Whitmer. "Key Facts on Sugar Substitutes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595021.

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3 pp.
Artificial sweeteners can help consumers cut down on calories and control weight, help to manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, and potentially prevent cavities. This publication explores the several different sugar substitutes approved by the USDA for consumer consumption.

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33

Kirichenko, E., and E. Belovol. "High-energy-density sugar biobattery." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45213.

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The rapidly growing demand for powering portable electronic devices is driving the development of better batteries with features such as enhanced energy-storage densities, high levels of safety, biodegradability and small environmental footprints. The lithium-ion battery is often the system of choice because it offers a high energy density, has a flexible and light-weight design and has a longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. The widespread use of metal-catalysed batteries also raises many concerns, primarily related to safety, toxic metal pollution and the availability of costly, limited, irreplaceable or rare metal resources.

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34

Misner, Scottie, Carol Curtis, and Evelyn Whitmer. "Sugar Substitutes - Are They Safe?" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146461.

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35

Game, Stephen. "Sugar transport in Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383248.

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36

Dyer, Emily L. "Sugar Nine: A Creative thesis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1342.

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This collection of short stories explores the different ways women tolerate violence in exchange for some form of validation. The narratives focus on women and the reverberations of small moments which carry violent mass. While the violence occasionally includes physical elements, the collection is more concerned with the ways women accept emotional and psychological violence—specifically from men. Themes, motifs and symbols from the Clytie-Helios myth are threaded throughout the collection as well as a concern for space and touch, art and the creation of art, silence and voice. All of these elements involve control as the women characters in these stories struggle to resist their own objectification. A critical introduction which explains how form and language amplify story precedes the collection.

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37

Grogan, Kevin. "Cuba's Dance of the Millions examining the causes and consequences of violent price fluctuations in the sugar market between 1919 and 1920 /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006301.

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38

Odunlami, Benjamin Oladipo. "The role of sugars and sugar metabolism genes (sucrose synthase) in Arabidopsis thaliana seed development." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2009. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1687/.

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Seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana, has been studied at several levels. However, little has been done to study the role of sugar metabolism genes in seed pod development in this species. As the fertilized egg progresses to a mature seed, the sugars composition during different stages of the developing changes. These changes are related to metabolic processes in the developing seeds, but also to the activity of sucrose- converting and transporting genes, active at the interphase between the maternal tissue and the endosperm. Sucrose synthase (SUS) is one of these genes; it catalyses the reversible reaction of sucrose breakdown in the presence of UDP to form fructose and UDP-glucose. In this study we looked at glucose, fructose and sucrose concentration at different time points during seed pod development. These changes in sugar concentrations were analysed in both Colombia wild type and WS (Wassilewskija) ecotypes. By comparison of the sugar composition of these ecotypes, and linking these data with phenotypic observations in both ecotypes during development, we are able to comment on the possible role of sugars in seed pod development. Also, the sugar composition of wild type seed pods were compared with those of Atsus mutant seed pods, and possible effects sucrose synthase mutations on the phenotype of the developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds were analysed. The effect of sucrose synthase knockouts in developing seed pods were studied by comparing biochemical and phenotypic characteristics data of the Atsus mutants within Colombia wild type plants. Salk line plants were screened to identify plants carrying a homozygous insertion for T-DNA in five of the sucrose synthase genes. The developing seed pods of each of the homozygous mutants were characterized biochemically via High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC). Furthermore, seed weight, number of seed per pod, germination rate and the morphological development of the embryo were closely analysed. The study found out that there were some biochemical effects of Atsus knockout mutants, and some phenotypic effects of Atsus knockout mutants on the developing seed pods. However, in general the effects were not as pronounced as those that were seen in maize seed, pea seed and potato tuber as a result of sucrose synthase knockout. The general pattern of glucose, fructose and sucrose were similar to the Colombia wild type, although in mature seed pods the sucrose levels in Atsus1, Atsus2, Atsus3 and Atsus6 were slightly, but significantly lower than in the Colombia wild type.

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39

Naini, Venkatesh. "Physical and Chemical Stability of Spray Dried Sugars and Protein-Sugar MolecuIar Mixtures for Inhalation." VCU Scholars Compass, 1996. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4982.

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The feasibility of producing inhalable microparticles of sugars and protein-sugar molecular mixtures using spray drying was investigated as an alternative to conventional micronization techniques. Four sugars; lactose (L), trehalose (T), sucrose (S) and mannitol (M) were spray dried using a commercial bench-top spray dryer and their physicochemical stability, with respect to particle size, moisture uptake and crystallinity changes, investigated after storage at 23%, 52%, 75% and 93% relative humidity (RH) and 25 °C for 30 days. Two crystalline size fractions (“coarse” = 125-212 μm and “ﬁne” = 44-74 μm) of each sugar, were also characterized, as possible replacements for lactose as carriers for admixture with drugs in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Sieve fractions of lactose, trehalose and mannitol failed to show signiﬁcant moisture uptake at RHs ≤ 93% and 25 °C indicating their thermodynamic stability under most realistic storage conditions. While sucrose failed to show moisture uptake at ≤ 75% RH, it dissolved in sorbed moisture at 93% RH. Spray dried sugars were collected successfully in particle sizes suitable for inhalation. Spray dried lactose, trehalose and sucrose were amorphous and remained in this state after storage at 23% RH. At higher RHs, however, they recrystallized completely in ≤ 30 days. Spray dried mannitol was completely crystalline after collection from the spray dryer. It did not show moisture uptake or physical state changes at all RHs. A ﬁne particle collection apparatus incorporating a nebulizer and a wire-in-tube type electrostatic precipitator (EP), built and characterized for particle collection efficiency, was used to review protein activity following spray drying with or without the four sugars as stabilizers. Bacterial (BAP) and bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (BIAP) were used as model proteins. Sugar free BAP solutions (apparent protein concentration ~120 μg/ml) lost 23% of initial enzyme speciﬁc activity after spray drying at ~63 °C and collection in the EP. Protection offered by the sugars to BAP during drying, was however statistically indistinguishable from the sugar-free protein solution (dried from the same protein concentration solution). When BIAP was dried from sugar free solutions (apparent protein concentration ~1 mg/ml), it lost 31% of its initial speciﬁc activity; activity which could be completely recovered when BIAP was co-dried with L, T or S (ANOVA, p < 0.05). However, M which crystallized during spray drying failed to protect the enzyme from this loss of activity. These results implied that the physical state of sugar (amorphous or crystalline) in the ﬁnal dried product may be an important determinant for offering protection to proteins during spray drying and storage. Even so, multiple factors could potentially inﬂuence the selection of a sugar to form inhalable microparticles with a protein. These factors are described and discussed in this thesis, whether or not they appeared to be important with respect to the drying and stability of particular proteins selected for experimental investigation.

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40

Adenäuer, Marcel. "Modelling the European sugar sector incentives to supply sugar beets and analysis of reform options /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98017449X.

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41

Curtiss, Chase Camden. "The effects of sugar and sugar-free energy drinks on simple and choice reaction time." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2025.

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The aim of the present study was to determine differences in reaction time resulting from the ingestion of three caffeine containing beverages. Six low-caffeine consuming college students (25.2 + 7.0 years) were recruited to participate in this study. The participants were tested for simple and choice reaction time prior to consuming Red Bull Energy Drink, Sugar-free Energy Drink, Mountain Dew soft drink or no drink and 60 minutes following the consumption of the product. Participants participated in all four conditions and were tested over a two week period with at least 48 hours between sessions. The order of drink administration was randomly selected for each subject. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in choice reaction time for the Red Bull and Sugar-free Red Bull conditions, with no significant differences witnessed in the simple reaction time test. An improvement of 321.0 to 302.9 milliseconds and 335.4 to 303.0 milliseconds were found for Red Bull and Sugar-free Red Bull, respectively. The Mountain Dew soft drink (325.4 to 319.0 milliseconds) and the no drink condition (315.8 to 312.03) showed no significant improvements. These results suggest that caffeine and taurine have some combined effect on improvement of reaction time or high levels of glucose negatively affect the cognitive improvements of caffeine in non-fasted individuals. Further research is warranted to determine the exact interaction between caffeine, glucose and taurine.
Thesis (M.Ed.) - Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Human Performance Studies
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-46).

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42

Selbmann, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Influence of food additives on the crystallization of sugar : - case study: sugar body - / Stefanie Selbmann." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118258207/34.

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43

Pawellek, Ingrid [Verfasser], and Berthold [Akademischer Betreuer] Koletzko. "Sugar intake, sugar sources and associated factors in European children / Ingrid Pawellek ; Betreuer: Berthold Koletzko." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182228119/34.

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44

Curtiss, Chase Camden Patterson Jeremy A. "The effects of sugar and sugar-free energy drinks on simple and choice reaction time." A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2025.

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45

Wright, Kallia O. "Putting sugar diabetes on the table : evaluating "the sugar plays" as entertainment-education in Appalachia /." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3372401.

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46

Stanford, Lawrence John. "The Queensland raw sugar industry : government regulation and assistance /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecms785.pdf.

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47

Govinden, Noël. "Intercropping of sugar cane with maize." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4994.

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48

Kristiansson, Helena. "Enhancing the promiscuity of sugar kinases." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579758.

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Glycosides play a major part in the development of novel pharmaceuticals since the sugar ligands of natural products play important roles in, e.g., cell-wall synthesis. The use of phosphosugars in the pharmaceutical industry has been linked to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore it's of interest to be able to develop and manufacture unique glycosylated natural products and investigate their abilities as potential drugs. A technique called In Vitro Glycorandomization (IVG) has been developed for the production of novel varieties of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. IVG need a range of sugar-l-phosphates for the production of different NDP-sugars. An enzyme that can phosphorylate a wide range of sugar substrates at position 1 is of importance to simplify the technique. Two human enzymes, galactokinase and N-acetylgalactosamine kinase, were mutated at specific residues in their amino acid sequence in an attempt to increase the number of sugars each enzyme could phosphorylate. Galactokinase showed activity toward two sugars not including its natural substrate galactose: 2-deoxy-D-galactose and D-galactosamine-hydrochloride. The promiscuity of galactokinase was increased after mutating the tyrosine at position 379. The Y379W mutant was the most successful by phosphorylating seven of the nine sugars selected for this enzyme. Several N-acetylgalactosamine kinase mutants showed higher activity toward the natural substrate (N-acetylgalactosamine) but, overall, the wild type was the better enzyme for the three selected sugars for this enzyme. Since no structural changes were visible when performing homology modelling of the mutants it is suggested that the increase in promiscuity for galactokinase is due to a rearrangement of hydrogen bonds within the proteins. It was shown that the flexibility of the galactokinase enzymes declines when substrates are bound in the active site and the mutants became more rigid than the wild type. The mutants are, however, more flexible than the wild type before the substrates bind.

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49

Richardson-Ngwenya, Pamela. "The Ethical Geographies of Caribbean Sugar." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519815.

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50

Hadingham, Sophie Anne. "Sugar-regulation of plant gene expression." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410132.

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