Дисертації з теми "SuDS modelling"
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Lind, Johanna. "Stormwater modelling tools : a comparison and evaluation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-250267.
Повний текст джерелаLashford, C. "Modelling the role of SuDS management trains to minimise the flood risk of new-build housing developments in the UK." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/474dda63-e82a-4c40-9833-b1891f351fac/1.
Повний текст джерелаSmith, Kerry W. S. "Development of a transitioning approach to reduce surface water volumes in combined sewer systems." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b7c5021f-2efe-421a-b32f-0ac3161fc511.
Повний текст джерелаBeniest, Anouk. "From continental rifting to conjugate margins : insights from analogue and numerical modelling." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066289/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe South Atlantic conjugate margins are the product of continental rifting and break-up of Pangea, which was made up of different crustal features prior to rifting. This study investigates continental rift initiation and break-up of alternative lithospheric setups, consisting of large segments with different rheological strength, with the use of analogue and numerical modelling. The analogue models investigate the effect of far-field forces on a system that consist of multiple rheological segments, whereas the numerical models include thermal processes and focus on the impact of initial plume emplacement on such a setup.Lithosphere-scale analogue models consisting of two different rheological compartments have been subjected to extensional forces, to understand effect of far-field forces on large rheological heterogeneities in a system within an extensional tectonic regime. The results show that in such a system, the weaker segment accommodates all the extension. At the contact between the two compartments no rift-initiation is observed. In the presence of a strong sub-Moho mantle, the rift evolution consists of two phases. The first phase is a wide or distributed rift event. Once the strong part of the upper mantle has sufficiently weakened, the rift localizes and a narrow rift continues to accommodate the extension. If extension would continue, break-up would happen at the location of the narrow rift, thereby breaking a rather homogenous part within a laterally heterogeneous system. This would result in asymmetric margins with hyperextended, weak crust on both margins.The numerical results show that, in the case of plume-induced continental break-up, the classical ‘central’ mode of break-up, where the break-up centre develops above the plume-impingement point is not the only form of continental break-up. When the mantle anomaly is located off-set from the contact between rheological segments, a ‘shifted’ mode of break-up may develop. In this case, the mantle plume material rises to the base of the lithosphere and migrates laterally to the contact between two rheological segments where rifting initiates. Mantle material that does not reach the spreading centre and remains at lower crustal depths, resemble high density/high velocity bodies at depth found along the South Atlantic margin and providing geometric asymmetry.Further investigation on the exact influence of the initial plume position with respect to the contact between the rheological compartments shows that there is a critical distance for which the system develops either ‘central’ (or ‘plume-induced’) continental break-up or ‘shifted’ (or ‘structural inherited’) continental break-up. For Moho temperatures of 500 – 600 oC, there is a window of ~50 km where the system creates two break-up branches. These results explain complex rift systems with both vertical penetration of plume material into the overlying lithosphere as well as reactivated inherited structures developing break-up systems both aided by the same mantle plume
Santos, Clayton Eduardo dos. "Modelagem computacional de estruturas anatômicas em 3D e simulação de suas imagens radiográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-15102008-141521/.
Повний текст джерелаThe conventional methods of quality control applied to radio diagnosis are the best way to have assured good quality of the produced images. Due the amount of variables to consider, the study of particular issues of the process of formation of radiological images requires complementary computational tools. However, the computational voxel based phantoms are not suitable to represent the morphometrical variations, intended for test simulations with image based diagnosis. This work developed a new type of computational phantom, based on 3D modelling. It has the same advantages of the conventional ones, without some of their restrictions. The modeling tool employed, Blender, is available on internet for free download. The project uses the technique called box modeling, which consists in the deformation of a primitive form (a cube, in this case) until it presents a similar form to that it is wanted to model. In order to achieve it, some images, obtained from anatomy atlas and a skeleton pictures obtained from University of Mogi das Cruzes, were used as reference. Were built models from skeletal system, internal organs and external human body anatomy. The applied methodology allowed model´s parameter settings on the modelling tool. This option was presented by means of intestine format variation and increase of adipose tissue on the mesh that represents skin. The simulation of radiological images was done by means of x-ray mass attenuation coefficients, bones and tissues and models with diferent physical characteristics. This flexibility allows the analysis and forecasting of the influences that morphometrical differences of individual implies on images, revealing an important tool that complements the conventional quality control tools.
Vidal, Jr João de Deus. "Histórico da ocupação das chapadas brasileiras por espécies do gênero Rauvolfia L. (Apocynaceae) e suas implicações biogeográficas." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153936.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: Neste estudo, nós desenvolvemos marcadores moleculares e aplicamos abordagens integrativas em filogeografia e ecologia para investigar e descrever a história biogeográfica das chapadas da região oeste do Cerrado brasileiro. Utilizando como modelo duas espécies do gênero Rauvolfia L. (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae), Rauvolfia weddelliana Müll.Arg. e Rauvolfia gracilis I.Koch & Kin.-Gouv., típicas destes ambientes, nós desenvolvemos um conjunto de marcadores nucleares microssatélites e sequenciamos espaçadores de cloroplasto, com os quais estimamos métricas de diversidade genética e estruturação populacional. A partir destes dados, nós reconstruímos relações filogenéticas entre as linhagens, estimamos tempos de divergência e realizamos simulações demográficas e modelos de distribuição, com o intuito de testar possíveis cenários biogeográficos. Em sequência, nós desenvolvemos modelos de distribuição potencial em escala de comunidade e análises espaciais, para estimar o impacto relativo das flutuações climáticas do Pleistoceno sobre o endemismo no Cerrado, quando comparadas a outros processos. Os resultados estão apresentados em três capítulos. No primeiro, intitulado “Development and cross-validation of microsatellite markers for Rauvolfia weddelliana Müll.Arg. (Apocynaceae) species complex”, nós descrevemos o desenvolvimento de uma biblioteca de microssatélites específica para R. weddelliana e testamos sua transferabilidade para a espécie R. gracilis. Nós isolamos dez marcadores ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this study, we developed molecular markers and applied integrative approaches in phylogeography and ecology to investigate and describe the biogeographic history of the plateaus of the west region of the Cerrado in Brazil. Using as models two species of the genus Rauvolfia L. (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae), Rauvolfia weddelliana Müll.Arg. and Rauvolfia gracilis I.Koch & Kin.-Gouv., typical from these habits, we developed a set of nuclear microsatellite markers and sequenced chloroplast spacers, which we used to estimate metrics of genetic diversity and population structure. From this data, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships between lineages, estimated divergence times and conducted demographic simulations and distribution models, intending to test possible biogeographic scenarios. In sequence, we also developed community wise models of potential distribution and conducted spatial analysis to estimate the relative impact of climatic shifts of the Pleistocene on the endemism of the Cerrado, when compared to other processes. Our results are presented in three chapters. In the first, entitled “Development and cross-validation of microsatellite markers for Rauvolfia weddelliana Müll.Arg. (Apocynaceae) species complex”, we describe the development of a specific microsatellite library to R. weddelliana and tested its transferability to the species R. gracilis . We isolated ten transferable markers with high polymorphism content that may now be applied to genetics studies ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Bound, Alice Jayne. "The development and use of satellite remote sensing techniques for the monitoring and hydrological modelling of the Sudd Marshes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313982.
Повний текст джерелаLIMA, Renato Paiva de. "Modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga e suas relações com atributos físicos e mecânicos em argissolo amarelo distrocoeso." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5670.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T14:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Paiva de Lima.pdf: 524535 bytes, checksum: 47be2d27255026d21fdeb8e8a90a484f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-18
Models that predict pre-consolidation stress in Ultisol are scarce, given the importance of these soils for the production of sugarcane in the Northeast. The current study aimed to fit linear and nonlinear regression models and study the relationship of soil physical attributes on pre-consolidation stress (σp) variation. On a plot, 42 points were delimited to get samples in the layers 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m, totaling 84 samples. Deformed and undeformed samples were collected to obtain the variables: water content (θ), bulk density (BD), soil resistance to penetration (RP), organic carbon (OC), clay content (C), plastic limit (PL) and liquid limit (LL), as well as the pre-consolidation stress (σp). Four models were fitted to predict the σp: linear multiple regression, two nonlinear multiple model and charge supporter capacity model. Was also held for each layer a principal component analysis was performed and, after obtaining the scores for those components retained, a linear multiple regression model was fitted for the σp data to establishment of the relationships. The average of σp was 73.0 kPa. The multiple linear regression model was the best fit soil conditions and management of the area in the two analyzed layers. Only soil bulk density and penetration resistance contributed significantly to variation σp models with the best settings. The θ and the OC showed negative relations with σp; while BD, RP, C, LL and PL showed positive relation. Higher values of σp are associated with higher values of BD, RP, C, LL and PL, as well as smaller values are linked with the increase of OC concentration and θ.
Modelos que predizem a tensão de pré-consolidação em Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso são escassos na literatura, dada a importância desses solos para produção de cana-de-açúcar no Nordeste. O presente estudo teve como objetivos ajustar modelos de regressão lineares e não lineares e estudar as relações dos atributos físicos do solo na variação da tensão de pré-consolidação (σp). O trabalho foi realizado em área de Argisssolo Amarelo distrocoeso cultivado com cana-de-açúcar. Em um talhão, foram demarcados 42 pontos e coletadas amostras nas camadas 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m, totalizando 84 pontos amostrais. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas e não deformadas para obtenção das variáveis: umidade do solo (θ), densidade do solo (DS), resistência à penetração (RP), carbono orgânico (CO), teor de argila (TA), limite de plasticidade (LP) e limite de liquidez (LL), além da tensão de pré-consolidação (σp). Foram ajustados quatro modelos para predição da σp: regressão linear múltipla, dois modelo não lineares e um modelo não linear de capacidade de suporte de carga, bem como, foi realizada análise de componentes principais, em cada uma das camadas estudadas, que após obtenção dos escores dos componentes principais retidos em cada camada de solo, um modelo de regressão linear múltiplo foi ajustado aos dados de σp para estabelecimento das relações. A σp média foi de 73,0 kPa; sendo o modelo de regressão linear múltipla o que melhor se ajustou as condições de solo e manejo da área nas duas camadas analisadas. Apenas a densidade do solo e a resistência à penetração contribuíram significativamente para variação da σp nos modelos com os melhores ajustes. A θ e o CO apresentaram relações negativas com a σp, enquanto DS, RP, TA, LL e LP positivas. Maiores valores de σp estão associados a maiores valores de DS, RP, TA, LL e LP, assim como os menores a um aumento da concentração de CO e da θ.
Pau, Claudia. "Economia dello sviluppo, teorie e modelli di cooperazione internazionale: caso di studio nel sud del Marocco." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2445/.
Повний текст джерелаToro, Balbontin Darío. "Analyse de la détérioration de la forêt de la Cordillère de la Costa dans le sud chilien : géomatique et modélisation prospective appliquée sur une forêt patrimoniale de la province d'Osorno (41º 15’ - 41º 00’ latitude Sud)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20068/document.
Повний текст джерелаSAn area of the Cordillera de la Costa is studied in southern Chile (41°15'S - 41°00'S), inhabited by ethnic Mapuche. There are still valuable temperate forests that have high conservation priority worldwide. But it is found, a continuous process of transformation related to the extraction of firewood, ranching, disruption of habitat conifer Fitzroya cupressoides, and deployment of forest plantations. Based on a multi-temporal satellite images classification, a spatial-temporal modeling was implemented to understand and predict the dynamics of the deterioration of the forest. Retrospective analysis revealed that between 1976 and 2008, the forest has been reduced 12,400 ha, a deforestation rate of 0.25% per annum. 20 models of deforestation are calibrated, 4 of them are selected to construct scenarios. The simulation predicted that reductions of forest between 2008 and 2040 could reach 13,000 ha. Two other models implemented simulate changes in habitat quality F. cupressoides. Scenarios predict an increase in the damaged surface; extrapolating from the learning period 2001-2008 during which the largest share of indigenous lands was legalized, compared with the previous period to 2001, predicts a significant increase in the damaged surface. In this way, it provides a tool to enhance the local management of environmental systems still not incorporated into the Chilean planning. Finally, the thesis also makes interesting comparisons between models that differ with respect to the calibration parameters
Nucci, Riccardo. "Modelli cinematici per lo studio della deformazione intersismica osservata da misure GPS attraverso le Alpi sud-orientali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21935/.
Повний текст джерелаWieck, Franz, Philipp Kronenberg, and Manuel Löwer. "MBSE-Ansatz für eine Vernetzte Stoffstrommodellierung zur Verbesserung der Partnersuche in der Kreislaufwirtschaft." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75901.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Huong Thi Mai. "Faecal indicator bacteria and organic carbon in the Red River, Viet Nam : measurements and modelling." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066179/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn many developing countries, poor water quality poses a major threat to human health and the lack of access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitation continues is a major brake on development. The Red River is the second largest river in Vietnam and constitutes the main water source for the population of North Vietnam. This thesis presents the results from observations and modeling of both faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and organic carbon (OC) in the Red River system, North Vietnam. The objective of this work was to measure FIB numbers and OC concentrations in this system and then to model these parameters in order to investigate scenarios for 2050 when population in the area is estimated to have doubled. The dataset was then modeled using the Seneque/Riverstrahler model in order to investigate the dynamics and seasonal distribution of FIB and OC in the Red River and its upstream tributaries. A scenario, based on the predicted changes in future demographics and land use in the Red River system for the 2050 horizon, showed only a limited increase of FIB numbers compared with the present situation. This was particularly the case in Hanoi even though the population is expected to triple by 2050. The OC inputs and the resulting heterotrophic respiration of this OC resulted in a system that was a strong CO2 source. The model results also reflected the importance of land use, discharge and the dominance of non-point sources over point sources for FIB and OC in the Red River. This thesis provides some new information on FIB in the Red River as well as providing a base for discussion with decision makers on the future management of wastewater in the Red River
Couvelard, Xavier. "Structure et dynamique des jets barotropes créés par les îles du Pacifique Sud-Ouest." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/149/.
Повний текст джерелаThe oceanic circulation entering the tropical southwest Pacific (SWP) is dominated by the broad westward flow of the South Equatorial Current (SEC), forced by the trade winds. It has been argued that the numerous islands of the SWP are able to restructure the SEC into a series of deep and narrow zonal jets, which control important pathways connecting equatorial and extra-equatorial signals. The primary objective of this study is to improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of SWP zonal jets, giving special attention to topographic effects. Our study is based on the use of a high-resolution regional oceanic model, whose solution is compared with observations, as well as with solutions from global models and the Sverdrup relation. Our model indicates that the regional topography drives a general equatorward shift of the SEC, which is beneficial to the North Fiji, North Vanuatu and North Caledonian Jets. A depth-integrated vorticity budget shows that this topographic effect is considerably attenuated by baroclinicity and advection processes, but not to the point of total compensation as often admitted for the interior ocean. The effect of non-linear advection is to allow flow rectification of the jets fluctuations which takes the form of zonally elongated dipole circulations in the leeward side of the islands
Bastide, Fanny. "Synthèse de l'évolution de la plateforme urgonienne (Barrémien tardif à aptien précoce) du Sud-Est de la France : Faciès, micropaléontologie, géochimie, géométries, paléotectonique et géomodélisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU005/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the Early Cretaceous epoch, intensive magmatic activity due to the dislocation of the super-continent Pangaea, highly influenced global environmental conditions, which were characterized by a warm and generally humic climate. In this context, carbonate platforms were important in tropical and subtropical shallow-water regions, and especially during the late Barremian and early Aptian, platform carbonates of so-called Urgonian affinity are widespread. In southeastern France, the Urgonian platform was part of the northern Tethyan margin and bordered the Vocontian and the Bedoulian basins. The goal of this thesis was the systematic study of the Urgonian Formation in this region, and in order to achieve this goal, a biostratigraphic chart and a facies model were developed. The faunistic assemblages, the facies succession, the field observations and the study of geochemical signals lead to a sequential subdivision of the Urgonian series along 54 sections and wells allocated in five different regions in southeastern France (Gard, Ardèche, Vercors, Vaucluse and Provence). Correlations from this stratigraphic study highlight important variations in thickness and depositional environments of the Urgonian series. These variations are explained by relative movements induced by syn-sedimentary faults, which divided the Urgonian platforms into blocks. On the southern border of the Vocontian basin, these faults, oriented N30° and N110°, delineate six tilted blocks. At the top of the upper Barremian carbonates, subsidence of the two southern blocks accelerated leading to the opening of the Bedoulian basin. The reconstruction of the sequence-stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Urgonian platforms was then tested by the construction of a 3D numerical model of the Urgonian formation of southeastern France. Firstly, its consistency with the data collected during this study, and secondly, its geometrical coherence validate the proposed theory. Urgonian analogs exist all over the world and particularly in Middle East where they constitute important oil reservoirs. The exact reconstruction of the major factors, which influenced the architecture of these formations, will allow for a better exploitation of these energy resources
Salze, Méline. "Interactions entre processus géodynamiques, tectonique régionale et climat : l’exemple des Andes australes au Néogène." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD015.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to better understand the processes at the origin of the evolution and present-day topography of the Fitz Roy region, located in the Southern Andes, at the border between Chile and Argentina (49°S). This region is characterized by a particular geodynamic context that may play a major role on surface processes. Indeed, the Chile Ridge separating the Nazca and Antarctic oceanic plates, is being subducted beneath the South American plate since 14 My. The obliquity between the ridge and the subduction trench is responsible for a continuous northward migration of the triple junction that is located today at 46°30’S. Furthermore, the Southern Andes is covered by the 3rd largest ice sheet, that constitutes the relict of a much broader glacier formed during the late Miocene. Nowadays, Patagonia is affected by a strong climatic contrast, with a semi-arid climate on the eastern side chain, while the core and the western side of the chain are covered by glaciers and subject to strong precipitations. The tectonic/climatic setting is unique in the world and constitutes a natural laboratory to study of the interactions between ridge subduction, regional tectonics and climatic conditions on topographic evolution through time.To explore the impact of spreading ridge subduction on the overlying continental plate, analogue modeling of subduction of a ridge were conducted. The models highlight direct effects on the geometry of the slab et thus on the position of the magmatic arc. The arrival of the spreading ridge at trench, when the overriding plate moves rapidly trenchwards, induces a decrease of the superficial dip of the slab. This flattening results in an increase of the distance between the trench and the magmatic arc, prior to the ridge subduction. The eastwards migration of the magmatic arc is consistent with the observed magmatic activity migration in Patagonia during the early Miocene, a few million years before the arrival of the Chile Ridge at trench around 14 My. These models also suggest that the subduction of the ridge induces a horizontal shortening of the overriding plate, as observed in Patagonia during the early-middle Miocene. Shortening ceases when the ridge subducts.To explore the role and of tectonic and climate (glaciation) on the topography and exhumation rates, thermochronological data have been acquired in two localities: the Fitz Roy granitic massif, emplaced during the lower Miocene around 16,5 My at a depth of about 8 km and the overlying Cretaceous sandstones located to the East. Apatite fission track data (AFT) from granites provides a mean signal of 14,8 My. This suggests that the pluton cooled rapidly after its intrusion below 110 °C. The signal obtained in sandstones is younger at 12,5 My. We suggest that the fast denudation is related to the arrival of the ridge at trench and precedes its subduction, which take places at about 12 My at the latitude 49°S. Although we have not been able to constrain the exact timing of shortening in the fold and thrust belt, related to ridge subduction. We suggest that this deformation related to the ridge subduction may have ceased between the lower and the middle Miocene, based on other studies realized to the North and to the South of our study area.The (U-Th)/He data in apatite (AHe) present a signal between 7 and 6 My, that highlights the effect of the first glaciations of Patagonia that induced an acceleration of the relief denudation. We suggest that glacial erosion play a major role on the topography and relief denudation during the late Miocene. Glaciers of Patagonia at the latitude 49°S did not have a protector role of the relief, as suggested by Thomson et al. (2010).To conclude, evolution of relief in Patagonia is the result of both tectonic and climatic processes. In our study area, at a 49°S latitude, the effect of each process has been highlighted because they are not contemporaneous but separated by about 6 to 7 My
Carlier, Benoît. "Les risques d'origine torrentielle et gravitaire dans la haute vallée du Guil (Queyras, Alpes du Sud, France)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7013.
Повний текст джерелаThe Queyras is particularly exposed to the vagaries of torrential and gravitational origin. As part of the SAMCO project, a systemic study was conducted on this space. Combining the study of hazards and the assessment of vulnerability, this analysis was conducted at different spatial scales in order to conform to the expectations of risk managers. This research work is divided into five parts. The first part is devoted to the analysis of the factors that may predispose the Haut-Guil basin to the triggering of hazards of torrential and gravitational origin. The geological, geomorphological, anthropogenic and hydroclimatic features of the Haut-Guil basin are exposed. This work has identified the main risks and highlighted the role of sedimentary transfers and east-return phenomena in the genesis of risks. The second part focuses on one of the basin's most active sub-basins for sedimentary transfers: the Peynin. The objective was to assess the role of sediments in the genesis of hazards. The study focused on the characterization and quantification of Peynin sedimentary stocks, the quantification of sedimentary transfers, the establishment of a 20-year sedimentary budget, and the analysis of functional connectivity of the basin. Peynin. This work has made it possible to formalize the Peynin sedimentary waterfall and to highlight the role of torrential lavas in recharging intermediate stocks. This work also highlighted the need for stock recharging as a condition for the outbreak of catastrophic floods. In the third part are exposed the maps produced for each of the hazards taken into account: torrential floods, landslides and avalanches. The torrential raw hazard was mapped by diachrony and hydraulic modelling. Landslide hazard was mapped following a modelling of landslide susceptibility. The avalanche hazard was mapped from the completed CLPA maps. This work highlighted the strong exposure of the municipalities of the Upper Valley of the Guil to the vagaries of torrential and gravitational hazards. The exposure of the communes of Lower Queyras and the Aigues valleys is less. In the fourth part we looked at the vulnerability component of the risk. The latter was evaluated in its biophysical and social dimensions, first separately and then jointly to give an overview of the overall vulnerability of the territory. The potential consequences of the various hazards on the bio-physical issues of Queyras were assessed, and individual and collective perceptions of risks were analysed. This work carried out, we proposed an innovative method to jointly evaluate the biophysical and socio-economic aspects of vulnerability. On the biophysical aspect, it is the municipalities of the upper Valley of the Guil that appear the most vulnerable. On the social side, the trend is reversed. In the fifth part, we analyzed the risks and their possible evolutions in a context of global change. It outlines the work on our risk analysis in Queyras. They are accompanied by a reflection on the resilience of Queyrassin communities and on the modalities of risk management at the watershed and community level. Four scenarios for the evolution of land use in the 2050 and 2100 horizons are presented. These scenarios simulate possible changes in the territory in the face of different socio-economic contexts. In general, the risks are very high in Queyras however, the queyrassine switches show obvious signs of resilience
Nirrengarten, Michael. "Modes de déformation et implications cinématiques des marges hyper-étirées : les exemples du sud de l'Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH014/document.
Повний текст джерелаDeformation modes of magma-poor hyper-extended rift systems evolve through time and space. Hence the observed structures and architectures vary along a depth section as well as on a map. This study aims to characterize the deformation modes of hyper-extended systems and their propagation using the examples of the southern North Atlantic. The architecture of the continental crust termination has been compared to the critical Coulomb wedge theory because it has a wedge shape, the final deformation is brittle/frictional and this wedge is gliding over a basal detachment. This theory highlights the distinct behavior of the two conjugate margins. Moreover it constrains crustal architecture of the continental crust termination, integrates continentward dipping faults and explains the formation of extensional allochthons in a sequential faulting model. The integration of deformation modes in an evolving 3D model necessitates a reliable kinematic context, which is not the case for the opening of the southern North Atlantic Ocean. This is linked to the interpretation of the J-magnetic anomaly as an oceanic isochron. Re-investigations of this anomaly revealed its polygenic and polyphased formation, which is inconsistent for an oceanic isochrons or a domain boundary making it unusable for plate reconstruction. The evolution of rift deformation has been analyzed with a new plate reconstruction of the southern North Atlantic. It appears that the continental crust deformation is segmented whereas oceanic crust propagates in a V-shape. The approach developed in this thesis also asks new geodynamical questions on the influence of inheritance and the effect of triple junction
Hairabian, Alex. "3-D stratigraphic architecture, sedimentary processes, and petrophysic properties of deep-water resedimented carbonates (Cretaceous, Gargano Peninsula, South-East Italy)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4735.
Повний текст джерелаCarbonate gravity flow deposits can form significant volumes at the platform-to-basin transition; especially because tropical shallow-water carbonate environments are major sediment factories, the products of which, early lithified or not, are likely to be redeposited in the adjacent deep marine domain. This work has focused on the Cretaceous resedimented carbonates of the Gargano Peninsula (SE Italy). Extensive geological mapping and 3-D numerical modelling (supported by a LIDAR DEM) were associated to sedimentologic and biostratigraphic analyses to assess the spatial and temporal evolution of distinct deep-water depositional systems. Key 3-D stratigraphic surfaces were restored to investigate the impact of the paleo-topography on the geometry and spatial distribution of the gravity flow deposits. Correlation with the coeval shallow-water platform series has served to assess the relationships between the nature of the resedimented carbonates (i.e. bioclastic sands versus breccias) and sea level. Qualitative and quantitative outcrop data were transferred into 3-D numerical models of lithofacies that were generated at seismic scale with stochastic simulation methods. Finally, petrophysical measurements were coupled with quantitative petrographic analyses to assess the impact of sedimentary fabrics and pore types on acoustic and reservoir properties of carbonate gravity flow deposits. This multidisciplinary approach demonstrates that coupling traditional field work analyses with outcrop numerical data (e.g. LIDAR-derived) and 3-D geological modelling is a relevant method for improving outcrop characterization and conceptual models of sedimentary systems and reservoirs
Moreaux, Virginie. "Observation et modélisation des échanges d’énergie et de masse de jeunes peuplements forestiers du Sud-Ouest de la France." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14506/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the juvenile phase of forest stands of southwestern France was studied in order to characterise soil-vegetation-atmosphere exchanges. The study focused on contrasted structures of young pines and Eucalyptus stands. The first part of this research was to study experimentally the mass and energy exchanges of young plantations of pines and Eucalyptus growing in southwestern France. Continuous measurements of CO2 and H2O fluxes, energy balance, sapflow and tree growth and production were carried out for two years, a period marked by repeated episodes of drought. The behavior of these species was compared, as well as the effects of the environment and cultural practices on these ecosystems. The annual water and carbon balances, growth and production of the three stands were established and compared. These measurements were enriched by data already available and were based on the 1D-mechanistic model of forest production and soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer GRAECO (INRA-EPHYSE). The second part of the thesis focused on developing a new version of the model to be applied to crop systems for fast-growing forest biomass. By coupling this evolution of the model with the 3D-model MAESTRA (Medlyn 2004), the assumptions of vertical and horizontal homogeneities in the canopy can be exceeded thus accounting for the effect of the three-dimensional structure on the radiative, CO2 and water vapor transfers in young stands, where crowns are separate and the understorey is well-developed. In addition, the model was supplemented by three new modules describing the dynamics of soil carbon (Roth-C) and the growth and functioning of the understory and coppice. It was evaluated on existing data covering different sites and time series and including a series of forest practices, such as plowing, stump removal, superficial disking, seeding, early thinning, thinnings and cutting down close to the ground. Finally, as an exploratory work, this model has been implemented on a data set describing the local climate forced by the A2 climate scenario which was regionalized on a SAFRAN grid point (‘Météo-France’) for three forest itineraries of maritime pine and Eucalyptus, in order to assess the potential productivity of these systems
Asdar, Sarah. "Climate change impact on ecosystems of Prince Edward Islands : role of oceanic mesoscale processes." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0037/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe subantarctic Prince Edward Islands lie in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, between the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the Polar Front (PF). These fronts positions were found to be highly variable at interannual and monthly time scales and revealed a significant long-term southward trend in the region. The intense mesoscale activity, observed upstream the islands at the South West Indian Ridge, also showed an interannual and intra-annual variability as well a decrease in eddy kinetic energy over 24 years. At a more local scale, we highlighted that the archipelago’s environment was impacted by the mesoscale features produced upstream.Tides appeared to be another important driver of variability of the circulation in between the two islands.An idealised model configuration was designed for the Prince Edward Islands region to study the mesoscale eddy properties and the physical mechanisms of their formation at the ridge. The Eddy Available Potential Energy revealed a maximum of energy around 800 m depth, confirming the deep reaching characteristic of the eddy originated in the region and suggested the presence of a local energy source at this depth. This eddies activity was shown to be the result of a combination of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities occurring at the ridge.Finally, we investigated on the potential consequences of a southward shift of the SAF in the region of the islands.Because the model was idealised, it allowed us to simulate an SAF southward shift by shifting the initial and boundary conditions. The main result was the clear decrease of mesoscale activity in the region which could potentially impact the ecosystems of the Prince Edward Islands
Boithias, Laurie. "Modélisation des transferts de pesticides à l'échelle des bassins versants en période de crue." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6988/1/boithias_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаQueiroz, Rafael Alves Bonfim de. "Desenvolvimento e teste de esquemas \"upwind\" de alta resolução e suas aplicações em escoamentos incompressíveis com superfícies livres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-27052009-141016/.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, results of the development and testing of high-resolution upwind schemes for controlling of the numerical diffusion for general conservation laws and fluid dynamics problems are presented. In particular, two new high-resolution upwind schemes are derived, namely, the ALUS (Adaptive Linear Upwind Scheme) and the TOPUS (Third-Order Polynomial Upwind Scheme). These schemes are tested in scalar transport, 1D convection-diffusion equations, 1D hyperbolic systems, 2D Euler equations of the gas dynamics, and in 2D/3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The schemes are then combined with a nonlinear Reynolds stress algebraic equation model for the simulation of 2D incompressible turbulent flows with/without free surfaces
Grasseau, Nicolas. "Architecture, dynamique et modélisation sismique synthétique d'un système fluvio-deltaïque syntectonique : le complexe deltaïque éocène moyen du Sobrarbe, bassin d'avant-pays sud-pyrénéen (Aragon, Espagne)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30029.
Повний текст джерелаIn the South-Pyrenean foreland basin, the exceptional continuity of middle Eocene Sobrarbe deltaic complex deposit environments allows to observe the stratigraphic and sedimentary architecture of a syntectonic river-dominated delta system at different scales. The main objective of this study is to determine the origin of allogenic and/or autogenic factors that control the distribution of deposits of such sedimentary system in a compressive setting, in order to compare it to other deltaic systems that accumulate in different geological contexts. This study is based on the acquisition of detailed geological mapping and about sixty measured sections. The database is complemented by updating chronostratigraphic data from the literature and additional magnetostratigraphic data. Sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis of the sedimentary system leads to an accurate description of geometry, facies and physical processes of different depositional environments distributed along two sedimentary models: a high energy river-delta system developed during progradational phases, a low energy mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system characterizing the aggrado-progradational and transgressive phases. Three dip sections analysis allows the identification of three nested order sequence: fifth-order sequences, fourth-order sequences and third-order sequences. The complex organization of fourth and third-order sequences systems tracts reflects accommodation variations caused mainly by structural deformation at different scales, secondary by eustatic changes. An advanced systems tract analysis leads a discussion of interrelationships between three main parameters that control the dynamics in time and space of sedimentary system: changes in the accommodation rate, sediment input and the influence of sedimentary processes. These elements provide semi-quantitative information regarding to the sediment accumulation within the different depositional environments (source to sink). Summary of results leads to the sequential reconstruction of the Sobrarbe deltaic complex paleogeography. Subsidence analysis of the Ainsa basin permits to reconstruct the sedimentation and sedimentary basin evolution from Lutetian to Oligocene times. An integrated study of outcrop-forward seismic modelling-real seismic analog provides an architectural and dimensional data combination used to improve seismic interpretation of river-deltaic reservoir systems. Such studies greatly reduce the uncertainties associated with the resolution of subsurface data, enabling better economic assessment of reservoirs
En la cuenca de antepais surpirenaica, la continuidad extraordinaria de los ambientes de deposito del complejo deltaico eoceno medio del Sobrarbe permite la observacion de la arquitectura estratigrafica y sedimentaria de un sistema fluvio-deltaico sintectonico a diferentes escalas. El objetivo principal del estudio presentado es la determinacion del origen de los factores alogenicos y/o autogenicos que controlan la distribucion de los depositos de dicho sistema sedimentario en contexto compresivo, para poder compararlo con otros sistemas deltaicos acumulados en contextos geologicos diferentes. Este estudio se basa en la adquisicion de una cartografia geologica detallada y de una sesentena de columnas sedimentarias. La base de datos se completa mediante la actualizacion de los datos cronoestratigraficos originarios de la literatura y la adquisicion puntual de datos magnetoestratigraficos. El analisis sedimentologico y estratigrafico del sistema sedimentario ha dado lugar a una descripcion exacta de las geometrias, las facies, y de los procesos fisicos que caracterizan los diferentes ambientes de depositos dentro de dos modelos sedimentarios: un sistema fluvio-deltaico de alta energia desarrollado durante fases progradantes, un sistema mixto detritico-carbonatado caracterizando fases agrado-progradantes y transgresivas. El analisis de tres paneles de correlacion, de orientacion proximal-distal, ha permitido la distincion de tres ordenes de secuencialidad: secuencias de quinto orden, de cuarto orden y de tercer orden. La organizacion compleja de diferentes cortejos de deposito de secuencias de cuarto y tercer orden refleja variaciones de acomodacion provocadas principalmente por la deformacion estructural a diferentes escalas y por variaciones eustaticas. Un analisis detallado de los cortejos sedimentarios permite una discusion sobre interrelaciones entre los tres parametros mayores que controlan la dinamica del sistema sedimentario en el espacio y en el tiempo: las variaciones de la tasa de acomodacion, del flujo sedimentario y la influencia de procesos sedimentarios. Dichos elementos proporcionan informacion semicuantitativa sobre la acumulacion sedimentaria en los ambientes de deposito (source to sink). La sintesis de los resultados llega a la reconstruccion de la paleogeografia del complejo deltaico del Sobrarbe. Finalmente, el analisis de la subsidencia de la cuenca de Ainsa ha permitido de reconstruir la evolucion de la sedimentacion y de la cuenca sedimentaria entre el Luteciense y el Oligoceno. Un estudio integrado afloramiento-modelizacion sismica sintetica-analogo real de subsuelo proporciona una combinacion de datos arquitecturales y dimensionales util para mejorar interpretaciones sismicas de sistemas reservorios fluvio-deltaicos. Dichos estudios reducen de manera considerable incertidumbres asociadas a la resolucion de los datos de subsuelo, lo que permite una mejor evaluacion economica de los reservorios
Nicoli, Gautier. "The metamorphic and anatectic history of Archaean metapelitic granulites from the South Marginal Zone, Limpopo Belt, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97041.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Anatexis is the first step in granite genesis. Partial melting in the lower crust may produce leucoratic features of unusual chemical compositions, very different from the final products of crustal differentiation. Therefore, the links that exists between some migmatites and crustal-derived granites can be ambiguous. This study is an investigation of the anatectic history of a high-grade terrain: the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt (SMZ), north to the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa. The work involved an integrated field, metamorphic, geochemical and geochronogical study of the metasedimentary granulites from two separate quarries in the northern zone of the Southern Marginal Zone, the Bandelierkop quarry and the Brakspruit quarry, where Neoarchean high-grade partial melting features can be observed. The project has aimed to address two main issues: (1) to accurately constrain the pressuretemperature conditions and the age of the metamorphic episode in the SMZ, with implication for the geodynamic processes near the end of the Archean, (2) to investigate the fluid-absent partial melting reactions that control formation of K2O-poor leucosomes and to understand the chemical relationships in the system source-leucosome-melt–S-type granite. The P-T-t record retained in the Bandelierkop Formation metapelites, constrained by phase equilibria modelling as well as zircon LA-ICP-MS geochronology, gives an insight into crustal differentiation processes in the lower crust. Rocks in both quarries indicate high-temperature metamorphism episodes with peak conditions of 840-860 oC and 9-11 kbar at c. 2.71 Ga with formation of leucosomes (L1) during the prograde path. Minor leucocratic features (L2) were produced during decompression to 6-7 kbar. The end of the metamorphic event is marked by the granulites/amphibolites facies transition (< 640 oC) at c. 2.68 Ga. The maximum deposit age for the detrital zircons in the metapelites (c. 2.73 Ga) indicates a rapid burial process ( 0.17 cm.y1). Those evidences strongly support that the Southern Marginal Zone contains sediments deposited in an active margin during convergence, and that the metapelites were metamorphosed and partially melted as a consequence of continental collision along the northern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton at c. 2.7 Ga. The leucocratic features generated along this P-T-t path display an unusual chemistry with low K2O and FeO+MgO content and high CaO content. The combination of field observations, chemical mapping and geochemical analyses leads to the conclusion the major part of the leucosomes (L1) crystallized prior to syn-peak of metamorphism concurrent with melt extraction from the source. This study documents the details of leucosomes formation using field observations in the Southern Marginal Zone and numerical modelling. This work demonstrates that the formation of K2O-poor leucosome in the metasedimentary lower crust is controlled by the difference in volume of equilibration and heterogeneities within the migmatites. The partial melting of the source coupled with melt loss and water diffusivity within the melt transfer site is a potential mechanism to explain the chemical link in the sytem residuum– melt–S-type granite.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Anateksis is die eerste stap in granietgenese. Meganismes wat in die onderste kors aan die werk is, is verantwoordelik vir korsdifferensiasie en bepaal die chemiese samestelling van die graniet. Hierdie studie het’n ondersoek behels van die anatektiese geskiedenis van ’n ho egraadse terrein: die suidelike randstreek van die Limpopo-gordel, noord van die Kaapvaal-kraton in Suid-Afrika. Die werk het ’n ge integreerde veld- , metamorfiese, geochemiese en geochronologiese studie van die metasedimentêre granuliete van twee afsonderlike groewe in die noordelike sone van die suidelike randstreek (SRS), die Bandelierkop-groef en die Brakspruit-groef, waar Neoarge iese ho egraadse gedeeltelike smeltkenmerke waargeneem kan word, ingesluit. Die projek was gerig op die ondersoek van twee belangrike kwessies: (1) om die drukâtemperatuurtoestande en die ouderdom van die metamorfiese episode in die SRS akkuraat te beheer, met implikasie vir die geodinamiese prosesse naby die einde van die Arge ikum, en (2) om die reaksies onder gedeeltelik gesmelte toestande wat die vorming van migmatiete beheer, te ondersoek en die chemiese verwantskappe in die stelsel bron - leukosoom - smelt - S-tipe graniet te begryp. Die P-T-t-rekord wat in die Bandelierkop-formasie metapeliete behoue is, ingeperk deur modellering van fase-ekwilibria asook sirkoon LA-ICP-MS-geochronologie, gee insig in korsdifferensiasieprosesse in die onderste kors. Rotse in albei groewe dui op metamorfismeepisodes teen hoë temperature met piektoestande van 840â860 oC en 9â11 kbar teen ongeveer 2.71 Ga met vorming van leukosome (L1) gedurende die progradeerpad. Geringe leukokratiese eienskappe (L2) het tydens dekompressie tot 6â7 kbar ontstaan. Die einde van die metamorfiese voorval word gekenmerk deur die fasiesoorgang van granuliete / amfiboliete (<640 oC) by ongeveer 2.68 Ga. Die maksimum afsettingsouderdom vir die detitrale sirkone in die metapeliete (ongeveer 2.73 Ga) dui op Å snelle begrawingsproses ( 0.17 cm.y1). Daardie bewyse bied sterk ondersteuning daarvoor dat die SRS sedimente bevat wat gedurende konvergensie in Å aktiewe rand afgeset is, en dat die metapeliete gemetamorfoseer en gedeeltelik gesmelt het as gevolg van kontinentbotsing langs die noordelike rand van die Kaapvaal-kraton teen ongeveer 2.7 Ga. Die leukokratiese eienskappe wat langs hierdie P-T-t-pad opgewek word, toon Å ongewone chemiese samestelling met lae K2O en FeO+MgO-inhoud en ho e CaO-inhoud. Die kombinasie van veldwaarnemings, chemiese kartering en geochemiese ontledings lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die grootste deel van die leukosome (L1) gekristalliseer het voor die syn-piek van metamorfisme tesame met smeltekstraksie van die bron. Hierdie studie het die besonderhede van leukosoomformasie met behulp van veldwaarnemings in die SRS en numeriese modellering opgeteken. Hierdie werk toon aan dat korsdifferensiasie in die metasedimentêre onderste kors deur Å ander volume van ekwilibrasie en heterogeniteite in die migmatiete beheer word. Die gedeeltelike smelting van die bron gepaard met smeltverlies en waterdiffusiwiteit tot in die smeltoordragterrein is ’n potensiele meganisme om die chemiese skakel in die stelsel residuum-smelt-S-tipe graniet te verklaar.
Laurent, Oscar. "Les changements géodynamiques à la transition Archéen-Protérozoïque : étude des granitoïdes de la marge Nord du craton du Kaapvaal (Afrique du Sud)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846827.
Повний текст джерелаNgoloyi, Nonkululeko Mantombi Nomalanga. "Documentation du patrimoine de l'assemblage de fossiles du site de Kromdraai contenant des hominines (Afrique du Sud) : techniques de numérisation 3D, analyse spatiale quantitative et estimation de volume." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30210.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis uses multi-scalar data to create a three-dimensional (3D) representation and, to generate a complete digital record of the early hominin-bearing fossil assemblage from the lithostratigraphic Unit P at Kromdraai in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site (Gauteng Province, South Africa). The main purposes of this research were to illustrate in 3D the temporal and spatial progression of the excavations at Kromdraai since 2014, to investigate the spatial distribution of the hominin, faunal assemblages and artefacts, and ultimately, to provide an archive documenting the archaeological heritage of Kromdraai. We provided a multi-scalar analysis of various aspects of the study site, with the application of methods such as multi-image land and aerial photogrammetry. In alignment with the principles and guidelines for the management of archaeological heritage mandated by international agencies such as UNESCO, we also present a protocol for heritage documentation. We used 3D data capture technologies to record the Kromdraai site and the archaeological evidence discovered between 2014 and 2018 from its main excavation. This research presents an original technique developed for the quantification and visualization of the volume sediments removed from the site during each excavation period. Volume estimations computed using 3D photogrammetry and digitization, provided a temporal and spatial context to the volume and location of material removed by each excavator and, a more precise and virtual repositioning of the fossil material discovered ex situ. Furthermore, we implemented metadata modelling to demonstrate the use of 4D relational database management systems for the fusion, organisation and dissemination of the Kromdraai site dataset and the sharing of intellectual property. We also introduce one of the first statistical approaches of 3D spatial patterning in Plio-Pleistocene early hominin-bearing assemblages in South Africa. Implementing classic statistical testing methods such as k-means and Density-Based Spatial Clustering and Application with Noise (DBSCAN) cluster computation in 3D, we investigated the spatial patterns of the fossil assemblage within Unit P, a sample of 810 individually catalogued specimens recovered between 2014 and 2018. The clustering of bovids, carnivores, hominins, and non-human primates revealed a non-uniform spatial distribution pattern of fossils in-situ. This research presents valuable methods that can be applied at other hominin-bearing fossil sites within the Cradle of Humankind to document an archaeological excavation and to reconstruct of the site in 3D, to document heritage information, and to enhance the interpretation of the fossil assemblages using evidence-based assessment of spatial patterns within a hominin-bearing assemblage
Rea, Gloria. "Role of the stratospheric dynamics in the southern hemisphere long-term climate change." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5946/.
Повний текст джерелаCroquette, Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'upwelling du Pérou Chili." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184638.
Повний текст джерелаEschbach, David. "Trajectoire temporelle et monitoring hydro-morphologique d'une anastomose rhénane restaurée : le Bauerngrundwasser dans l'île du Rohrschollen (Strasbourg, France)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is part of a LIFE+ project which aims to restore hydromorphological functioning of a Rhine hydrosystem. A planimetric study combined with hydromorphological and sedimentological analysis allowed to (i) improve understanding of past adjustment dynamics and (ii) identify main limitations of the project. Post-restoration morphological changes were monitored by geodesic and geomorphological methods combination in order to determine accurate volumes of sediment deposited / exported at different spatio-temporal scales. Finally, airborne thermal-infrared was used to highlight the relationship between spatial distribution of thermal anomalies, morphodynamic characteristics and inherited geomorphological features. Interdisciplinary approach leaded in this study was able to guide decision-makers choices in order to optimise the monitoring and assess future functional restorations
Ralaidovy, Ambinintsoa Haritiana. "Efficiency in health ressource allocation : three empirical studies in Eastern Sub-Sahara Africa and Southeast Asia." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD016.
Повний текст джерелаPriority setting in health, in the context of Universal Health Coverage, emphasizes three values: improving population health, ensuring equity in access to and quality of services and avoiding impoverishment or underutilization of services as a result of out-of-pocket expenditures. Allocative efficiency can be measured with respect to any one of these values, or with respect to all together by different variants of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. In this thesis, we use the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, a standardized approach developed by the World Health Organization’s programme, ‘Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective’ (WHO-CHOICE) that can be applied to all interventions in different settings. This thesis provides a quantitative assessment of allocative efficiency within three health categories: communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and road traffic injuries, focusing on two economically and epidemiologically diverse regions: Eastern sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Our objectives are to inform health policy debates, improve the world’s body of knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of different interventions by providing more information on the allocative efficiency in those three disease groups and contribute to discussions on Universal Health Care packages
Wilson, Andrew S., Robert C. Janaway, Andrew D. Holland, Hilary I. Dodson, Eve N. Baran, A. Mark Pollard, and Desmond J. Tobin. "Modelling the buried human body environment in upland climes using three contrasting field sites." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3506.
Повний текст джерелаDespite an increasing literature on the decomposition of human remains, whether buried or exposed, it is important to recognise the role of specific microenvironments which can either trigger or delay the rate of decomposition. Recent casework in Northern England involving buried and partially buried human remains has demonstrated a need for a more detailed understanding of the effect of contrasting site conditions on cadaver decomposition and on the microenvironment created within the grave itself. Pigs (Sus scrofa) were used as body analogues in three inter-related taphonomy experiments to examine differential decomposition of buried human remains. They were buried at three contrasting field sites (pasture, moorland, and deciduous woodland) within a 15km radius of the University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Changes to the buried body and the effect of these changes on hair and associated death-scene textile materials were monitored as was the microenvironment of the grave. At recovery, 6, 12 and 24 months post-burial, the extent of soft tissue decomposition was recorded and samples of fat and soil were collected for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. The results of these studies demonstrated that (1) soil conditions at these three burial sites has a marked effect on the condition of the buried body but even within a single site variation can occur; (2) the process of soft tissue decomposition modifies the localised burial microenvironment in terms of microbiological load, pH, moisture and changes in redox status. These observations have widespread application for the investigation of clandestine burial and time since deposition, and in understanding changes within the burial microenvironment that may impact on biomaterials such as hair and other associated death scene materials.
(9739406), Travis L. Cline. "Mitigating Drone Attacks For Large High-Density Events." Thesis, 2020.
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