Книги з теми "Successione necessaria"

This volume deals with royal dynastic politics during the post-Reformation period. The royal succession and the business of marriage into other royal and princely families were central to public politics. But the Reformation raised questions in some parts of Europe about how far hereditary right was necessarily the key to deciding the path of the succession, and whether other issues might not be taken into account in identifying where and with whom royal power should be located and whether the sovereign should, under certain circumstances, have to make concessions to particular readings of spiritual authority. In that context, the claim here is not only that the conventional historiography on the Reformation in the British Isles fits, as it obviously does, into that account of dynastic politics but also that the substantial archival and printed records relating to post-Reformation Catholicism of various kinds can be reintegrated into mainstream versions of English and British history during the period.

Occupier’s liability is, essentially, part of the law of negligence in statutory form, which has materialised in the shape of successive legislative accretions. This means that prime importance must be attached to the wording of the statutes, assisted wherever necessary by reference to the preparatory publications of the Law Commission. This chapter discusses the Occupiers’ Liability Acts 1957 and 1984, and liability of non-occupiers: vendors, landlords, and builders.

This article focuses on the strange story that functions as narrative origin in the Book of Chronicles: the murder of Saul and his sons (1 Chron. 10). In Chronicles, the logic of the production of meaning depends on the logic of patrilineal succession for its consistency. Upon close analysis of 1 Chronicles 10, it emerges that this narrative logic depends on the silencing of the maternal body. The murder of Saul and his sons is read symptomatically as a narrative of the originary repression of the maternal body, a repression necessary to sustain the phantasy of monosexual production that underwrites this masculinist history.

The present volume deals with digitization, internationalization and family governance as current challenges for family businesses. In the field of digitization, the Internet of Things, Security on the Internet and, last but not least, networking of the world of work are primarily on focus. Under the diverse challenges of internationalization Compliance and contract drafting are discussed. With regard to family governance, it is primarily a matter of conflicts arising from the encounter of family and business governance, especially with regard to the succession, the appointment of members of the board and the maintenance of the necessary confidentiality. In addition, the importance of the honorable businessman is presented in this context.

The sixth chapter traces the beginning of the Whig alliance. The Whigs are now prepared to offer constructive help in return for a share of government. This includes furthering the Union with Scotland (the Scots pass the necessary legislation with the Duke of Argyll as commissioner), support in Parliament and the City for the Grand Alliance, the Hanoverian succession, and the war, despite Marlborough’s disappointing campaign in Germany and Flanders. With the Tories now hostile, Godolphin accepts their help, believing he can control them, and Sarah supports him, though the queen and Harley are unconvinced and Marlborough keeps his distance, again spending much of the winter at the German courts. When he brings the Duke of Shrewsbury back with him to help Godolphin, the Whigs will not accept him and Godolphin has to continue the ministry alone.

Financial Management for Agribusiness presents a practical approach to financial decision making for all those involved in agribusiness, including farmers, horticulturists and supporting businesses, to manage invested funds, physical resources and labour. It covers all the stages leading to a completed business plan and provides straightforward worked examples for each step. The authors emphasise the need to collect and record the detailed financial and physical records necessary for sound decision making and detail all stages of financial planning, including record keeping, preparation of financial statements, financial analysis, budgeting, income tax, Goods and Services Tax and succession planning. The book clearly explains how past financial information of the business can be used to identify and assess alternative strategies that will aid management in making decisions that meet business and personal objectives. The complete financial management process is then summarised in a comprehensive business plan.

This chapter extends the previous chapter by asking whether the communities to which property owners owe obligations include future and/or past generations. The chapter argues that owners do indeed owe obligations to non-living members of generational communities. It argues further that with respect to members of future generational communities there are two types of obligations, one general, the other specific. The general obligation is to provide future generations with the basic material background conditions that are necessary for them to be able to carry out life-transcending projects that their forebears have transmitted to them. Specific obligations enable successive generational community members to whom particular life-transcending projects have been forwarded to be carried out in their intended way. These obligations are defeasible, rather than absolute, however.

This chapter studies global economic history. Until quite recently, two perspectives have almost monopolized thinking about economic development: ‘Smithian’ and ‘Marxian’. They functioned as explanatory framework and theoretical support for almost all master narratives in global economic history. The first perspective is called after Adam Smith and covers the views of all those who regard the market mechanism as the necessary and sufficient condition for economic development. Meanwhile, the second perspective has been inspired by Karl Marx’s ideas on economic development. However, the hitherto dominant approaches of Marx and Smith have recently been challenged. Economic historians, stimulated by the successive economic miracles that have occurred in East Asia, are now more than ever taking non-European historical experience into account, while developing new models that are better contextualized and themselves have the potential to influence the Western economic discourse.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to search for cortical dysfunction in migraine. Both, the motor and the visual cortices have been explored in this area. This article reviews and discusses the results of the various studies performed in migraine patients with TMS of motor or visual cortices. The majority of evoked and event-related potential studies in migraine have shown two abnormalities: increased amplitude of grand averaged responses and lack of habituation in successive blocks of averaged responses with decreased amplitude in the first block. These abnormalities suggest that the excitability state of the cerebral cortex, particularly of the visual cortex, is abnormal in migraineurs between attacks. The use of TMS to assess motor and visual cortex excitability has yielded conflicting results, which could be due to methodological differences. Taken together, all studies indicate that the changes in cortical reactivity are more complex in migraineurs than initially thought and suggest that both larger multidisciplinary studies and focused analyses of subgroups of patients with more refined clinical phenotypes are necessary to disentangle the role of the cerebral cortex in migraine pathophysiology.

Abstract During the first two decades of the twenty-first century, the United States and much of the developed world were rocked by three successive economic shocks, each one more severe than the one before. Real relief from these economic shocks, of course, can only come from a restored economy—with balanced strength across many sectors and regions. Safety-net programs can also help alleviate this suffering. They provide urgent financial help, and, properly designed, they can assist, motivate, or nudge recipients to seek and accept new employment. When necessary, they can help recipients to learn new skills and engage in other socially preferred behaviors. That is, they can “activate” the unemployed and underemployed. US welfare reform, culminating in the 1996 enactment of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, was a highly visible example of embedding activation efforts in safety-net programs. Although the United States has not made significant changes since then, as this volume describes, in the 1990s and early 2000s, many European counties adopted policy reforms aimed at activating those recipients apparently able to work. These policy reforms were put to the test during the Great Recession and its aftermath. This volume reviews the experiences from both Europe and the United States during this period. Its purpose is to identify policies for activating recipients of safety-net programs while still preserving a strong social safety net and act as a guide during the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and future downturns.

With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen new ways of doing things emerge. Various aspects of everyday life have been digitalized. What was once face-to-face, in context, is now done at a distance. For better or worse, healthcare and health research also had repercussions. On the one hand, there were aspects that improved, while others left something to be desired. I will not list them, because they have already been widely debated and it is now important to discuss what brought us to this page. In the particular field of qualitative research in health, also evident in this edition of NTQR, new trends can be observed in the way of researching, collecting data and producing results. We can even say that the successive confinements and constraints in data collection in the field have led us to a more reflexive process, to look more at what others have produced. We have seen, in the different scientific areas, an increase in literature reviews and other ways of collecting data, such as those latent on the internet. But this is not necessarily harmful, on the contrary, it has created opportunities to map and systematise knowledge. Not reinventing the wheel, but noting the "wheels" that exist, what is done, what needs to be done, innovating and finding ways to improve healthcare in its different perspectives. Perhaps due to better accessibility to data and easier logistics, scoping reviews, for example, sprang up, which, based on the qualitative approach, are one of the best ways to establish the state of the art of what we want to know. We have also observed a growth in thinking outside the box, using visual methods to gather information, such as images and even videographic analysis. We live overwhelmed with communications, content created and exchanges of information, by ordinary citizens, service users, professionals, scientists and many other people. A vast amount of unexplored data that has now emerged, perhaps because the imposed brake of our routines has led us to look more reflectively and give it a chance. All this to say that the more sedentary research has not only changed the vision of doing scientifically valid research but has also reinvented processes for obtaining data that are visible, but that were rarely used. Systematizing dispersed knowledge, shortens the time and resources spent and accelerates the acquisition of skills and, as is often said, the practice based on evidence. The evidence exists, perhaps it is not within everyone's reach, so it is no disrespect to gather, systematize, facilitate the interpretation and publish knowledge produced by others. To research from the office in a protocoled and structured way, is to produce knowledge, which should be poured and drunk by those without access and without availability to start investigations from scratch. Sometimes the best knowledge has already been produced, let us guide its discovery!