Дисертації з теми "Subvention du travail"
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Sui, Jin. "Trois essais sur la dévaluation fiscale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1164.
Повний текст джерелаFiscal devaluation has often been the focus of policy discussion within the eurozone, as it provides a means by which countries can regain competitiveness. Usually, it takes the form of a subsidy on a specific type of labour, financed by taxing consumption if the government wants to keep the budget neutral. In a closed economy with consumers' preferences characterized by love for varieties, a fiscal devaluation leads to pro-competitive outcomes in both the short run and long run, thanks to the development of the innovation sector. In an open economy, the trade balance can only be improved when the market is highly competitive, but the country that implements it has to incur some welfare losses. However fiscal devaluation can always be a prosper-thy-neighbour policy, no matter the country is more productive than its trading partner or not. When the fiscal budget is limited, only a subsidy to the innovation sector can lead firms to switch from a dirty to a clean technology
Lepel, Cointet Véronique. "L' utilisation des contrats temporaires en milieu industriel : implications des logiques de fonctionnements organisationnels sur les comportements du personnel temporaire." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090076.
Повний текст джерелаJourdam, Georges. "L'ère du travail virtuel : l'éducation spécialisée comme vecteur de la virtualisation du travail : l'exemple du bassin de l'emploi de Cherbourg." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL005.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the limits of the professional insertion of young people under specialized education, (placing of the young : Social Help for the Young or justice) and having been placed in a boarding schoool before their majority, we will try to show that there is a phenomenom of "virtualisation of work" which began at the end of the French Revolution. We chose to set our demonstration starting from the observation of the sector of Cherbourg, geographical field of our research. We will describe three periods in the process observed. We will first report on a period going from the end of the French Revolution to the end of the Second World War. For this period we will show that in an economic situation of tension there appear, in a combination of circumstances, situations of "virtual work" that we will describe as first "root". We will develop then a second period which extends from 1945 to the coming up of the economic crisis following the first oil crisis in 1973. During this period we will show that the "process of virtualisation of work" finds a new rise in the social will to try to integrate, as far as possible, during this period commonly called " the Thirty Glorious ones", the people on the fringe of the "Ordinary World of Work" because of their social unadaptation due to a handicap, whether physical, mental or social. We will say that the virtual work generated by these situations newly taken into account is of a second "root". Finally we will survey a third period extending from the 1973-1976 turning-point to our days. At this point of our demonstration we will try to show that this period correspond to the globalisation of "virtual work" and its perpetuation. Indeed, from this period the "virtual work" which took root on two stocks, exists in a structural way and can touch from now on any person who is not integrated into the ordinary market of work, whatever the reason
Joseph, Gilles. "Activation des dépenses passives et performances du marché du travail." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010070.
Повний текст джерелаBrouillette, Dany. "Trois essais sur les primes au travail." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25527/25527.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLafond-Bélanger, Gabrielle. "Les effets de la Prime au Travail sur l'offre de travail des femmes en couple." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24270/24270.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBargain, Olivier. "Offre de travail des ménages et fiscalité : perspectives familiale et individuelle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0082.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis improves the analysis of taxt-benefit systems by combining microsimulation techniques and household labor supply models. Firstly, we apply the discrete-choice model to analyze how two types of inwork transfers - a family-based tax credit and an individual wage subsidy - perform in reducing proverty and social exclusion Europe. Secondly, we suggest several nested models which allow to test and to reject the restrictions usually imposed on leisure-consumption preferences and household rationality. Thirdly, we simulate the individualization of the French income tax using a colective model of labor supply. The intrahousehold distributive effect appears weak compared to traditional effects. Finally, we reinterpret the model in terms of productive effort and retrieve individual productivities by inverting the optimal collective program. The social welfare evaluation differs when individual utilities rather than households' welfare enter the social planner's objective function
Zoyem, Jean-Paul. "Accompagnement et sortie de l'aide sociale : une évaluation de l'insertion professionnelle des bénéficiaires du Revenu minimum d'insertion." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010026.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Salah Wided. "Contrats incitatifs, pratiques organisationnelles, TIC et productivité du travail." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491975.
Повний текст джерелаAnne, Denis. "Aides à la mobilité et insertion sociale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2052.
Повний текст джерелаMobility has become an important issue and a major objective of public policies in favour of poor households. Research has largely shown that people who are far away from employment are also far away in a purely spatial way. Often distant from employment areas, with greater financial insecurity, the poorest have greater difficulty in finding employment, getting to their workplaces, accessing public services or local amenities. Some of the literature focused on explaining this spatial segregation; others on showing its negative consequences and the vicious circles in which it locked in poor people; and a third on analysing ways to reduce.This thesis aims to shed specific light on mobility aids provided to disadvantaged households. These aids were developed in France mainly since the 1990s. Although they take various forms, they share the same objective: to promote the spatial mobility of poor households through easier access to individual or public transport. Their implementation is essentially local. There is little litterature that tried to measure the consequences of the development of these aids. This thesis aims to shed particular light on this point. First, we propose a study of the development of these aids since the 1980s and especially the 1990s, based on a national impetus, but with very varied local applications. We seek to measure how these aids have been able to interact both with the national social assistance system and with other local aids. We show that these aids may have contributed to reinforcing the threshold effects and poverty traps that were specific to the RMI mechanism and that led to its replacement by the RSA. We also show the RSA major reform of national social assistance has had an impact on local aid and specifically on transport aids. The second chapter focuses on an aspect forgotten in Chapter 1, that of the non-take-up of social assistance. The originality of our work is to look at a specific aid to transport (the “Forfait Gratuité Transport” in Ile de France) and to study the non-take-up of this aid by integrating a double spatial dimension: first of all, the distance between the beneficiaries and the public transport network, which may explain a lower use. The next issue is the influence of the geographical environment and in particular the networks effects on the knowledge and demand for such assistance. The last two chapters propose experimental evaluations of mobility aids aimed at young people who have left the school system and are neither in training nor in employment (NEETs). For these young people, mobility is central to their professional and social integration. We first evaluate sixteen different actions proposed by different actors to promote mobility. We show a positive but contrasting effect: low intensity aids have less effect than high intensity aids. This observation is largely confirmed in the fourth chapter, which evaluates the experimentation of the “Service Militaire Volontaire”. The selected young people receive general and vocational training as well as driving licence preparation. This extremely intensive system, where young people are supervised by soldiers, gives impressive results in terms of professional integration and, above all, in terms of obtaining a driving licence. For mobility support policies to be effective, both on mobility and integration, we can conclude that it is better to concentrate resources on the most vulnerable
Sicsic, Michaël. "Les incitations fiscales au travail et à la recherche et développement en France et leurs effets sur le marché du travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020068.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the financial incentives to work and invest in R&D in France, their evolution and their effects. First, we simulate the incentives to work of the French population both at the intensive and extensive margin, taking into account all taxes on labor income and means-tested benefits. Our estimations show that incentives have increased at the bottom of the income distribution since 1998 as a result of reforms that occured in the 2000s, and that marginal tax rates have shifted from a U-shaped form based on income levels to a tilde-shaped form. Between 1998 and 2014, incentives to work at the intensive margin rose for very low incomes due to the implementation of several reforms. Then, individuals' behavioural responses to these incentives to work are evaluated exploiting tax and means-tested reforms that took place between 2006 and 2015. It shows that the effects of marginal tax rates on labour income are relatively small overall but very heterogeneous depending on individual characteristics. Reactions would be stronger for income tax reforms than for means-tested benefit reforms. Finally, we study the subsidies and tax incentives for R&D (Research Tax Credit and contribution reduction for Young Innovative Firms). We show that R&D support rates increased mostly for small firms in the 2000s. For these firms, we highlight the effect of the sharp increase in R&D public support on employment devoted to R&D activities. This effect would have been positive and increasing between 2004 and 2010, but less than the increase in aid received between 2008 and 2010
Vial, Benjamin. "L'expérience du non-recours dans les parcours d'insertion des jeunes peu ou pas diplômés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH008.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines the non-take-up of public aid by young people in France. More specifically, it considers the experience of non-take-up in the integration of young people with few or no qualifications. The thesis is based primarily on fifty interviews with young people who are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET). It also draws on numerous works in the sociology of youth and the sociology of life trajectories. It is part of the scientific literature on the non-take-up of social policies and contributes to the analysis of the reception of policies by specific segments of the public.My analysis of the situations of non-take-up experienced by individuals highlights the extent of a lack of concern among young people with few or no qualifications, as regards institutions facilitating integration. Non-concern refers to the fact that individuals do not feel concerned by the rights and services to which they are entitled. This phenomenon is a sign of a lack of information on social rights, and of a lack of interest in institutions promoting integration. It is linked to the institutional regulation of young people's access to information on socio-professional integration schemes. It also reflects the distant and even conflicting relationships that young people develop with the public sector.Some young people with few or no qualifications do nevertheless choose to (re)enrol in an institution supporting integration. Some report having experienced a "trigger" in the course of their life. Others resign themselves to the idea of applying for public assistance because they cannot manage on their own. A sociological analysis of life trajectories reveals three typical pathways back to such institutions: "the desire for another life"; "institutional reaffiliation"; and "back to square one". This typology sheds light on the identity dimension at the heart of the non-take-up experience. It shows the sociological power of age-related social norms in the return to integration institutions.If young people with few or no qualifications return to institutions supporting integration, it is above all because they hope to become adults like everyone else. The difficulties they encounter in gaining access to socio-economic citizenship are a reminder of the limits of the public policies intended for them, and in particular the consequences of the restrictions on access to a minimum income for those under the age of 25. This difficulties experienced in accessing social rights, combined with socio-economic precariousness, could contribute to the rise of conservative values and populist ideas
Zoubir, Ayman. "Management de la Mobilité et pistes pour la pérennisation de la mobilité durable : quelles voies possibles de régulation ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876262.
Повний текст джерелаMagne, Tiphanie. "Essays on the Affordable Care Act mandates and their effects on labor supply and health outcomes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2023.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, I study the effects of the Affordable Care Act advance premium tax credits, or ACA “subsidy”, on labor supply for households that are not offered employer-sponsored health insurance using premium data from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation linked to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2010 to 2017. Due to a sharp decrease to zero in the subsidy for households above 400 percent of the poverty line, households near this cutoff have a financial incentive to reduce their income by decreasing their labor supply at the intensive and/or extensive margins. Thus, I calculate the “potential lost subsidy” (PLS) for households near the cutoff as the subsidy they would receive at exactly 400 percent of the poverty line but may lose if earning just above it. On average, the PLS equals USD100 a month for younger workers but is four to six times larger for older workers and greatly varies by geographic location and family size. Using OLS and probit regressions, I estimate the impacts of the discontinuity in subsidy on labor supply. I find that income and hours of work do not statistically change from one year to another as the PLS increases. Moreover, the probability that one of the adults in the household stops working increases by less than 1 percentage point as the PLS increases by USD100 a month; however, this coefficient estimate is not statistically different from zero. Thus, I find no evidence that households reduce their labor supply at the intensive nor extensive margin in response to the potential lost subsidy, despite reaching 8 to 15 percent of income, for some households. I also study the impacts of the Medicaid coverage gap in non-expansion states on labor supply for households earning just below the poverty line. As a result of the ACA Medicaid non-expansion and premium tax credits starting at 100% FPL, households just below this threshold face a new labor supply incentive and upward discontinuity in their budget at the poverty line. Using a difference-in-differences approach and the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the CPS from 2010 to 2018, I estimate labor supply changes within very poor households in Medicaid non-expansion states. I find a significant increase in labor supply at the intensive margin. In particular, childless adults in non-expansion states increase their usual weekly hours by 2 hours a week (estimates equal to 1.7 and 2.3 depending on the specification). However, the coverage gap does not affect the extensive margin of labor supply, and there are no evidence that overall, very poor households adjust their income in response to the Medicaid non-expansion. It is crucial for policy programs to provide an affordable health coverage to very poor households, especially as some of them try to respond to the unintended incentive of low-priced health insurance at the poverty line and more individuals may fall into the coverage gap due to adverse income shocks. Finally, previous studies find that medical marijuana dispensaries reduce opioid addiction and related mortality as medical marijuana patients tend to substitute marijuana for opioids. I revisit Powell et al. (2018) on the effects of medical marijuana laws on opioid-related mortality from 1999 to 2013 by (1) controlling for early Medicaid expansion, a potentially confounding variable in their study, and (2) extending the analysis to 2018 to try to provide long-term effects of medical marijuana dispensaries on opioid overdose mortality rates. I find that controlling for early Medicaid expansion does not change the magnitude of Powell’s results. However, the effects of active dispensaries in reducing opioid-related death rates disappear over time and are not statistically different from zero using the 1999-2018 multiple cause-of-death mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System
Belleau-Arsenault, Catherine. "Les impacts des aides financières gouvernementales sur la performance des entreprises en région : une approche par appariement spatial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28277.
Повний текст джерелаThe impact of public subsidies is subject for a debate: some thinks that public interventions could stimulate effect on the economy, while for others, the public interventions would be useless and respond more of political interests than economic efficiency. From a regional development and public policy perspective, this paper focus on the impact of public subsidies on the performance of firms in a non-metropolitan area. Performance is measured from two differents but complementary angles: the survival of firms and the average annual growth of employees. This study uses a rich database composed of 15 187 active establishments in the Lower-Saint-Lawrence region in between 2006 and 2015. A spatial matching methodology is applied in this study, based on propensity score matching, calculated on the basis of local indicators (spatial), as in Dubé and Brunelle (2014). The results show a positive effect of the public subsidies on the performance of firms. However, this effect can change depending on the criteria that used to measure performance (survival or employment growth) or the productive sector. Globally, is found that public subsidies have a positive effect on the employment growth of the firms, but this effect is not significant for the survival of firms. Depending on the productive sectors, the effect of public subsidies on employment growth would be principally attributable to the manufacturing sector, and the effect of public subsidies on firm survival would be marked in the primary and upper tertiary sectors.
Raveloarison, Lovatiana. "La Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi ˸ quels enjeux pour le Royaume-Uni ? (1997-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA010.
Повний текст джерелаUnlike her European counterparts, Britain did not sign the Social Charter in 1989 and benefited from an opt out of the social rights included in this Charter until 1997. When the first New Labour government came into office, Tony Blair put an end to this British opt out. The Labour Party, which had been against the British entry into the EEC in the seventies, managed to convince its members to change their views on the European Union two decades later thanks to this Charter. By signing the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the UK adopted the Social Charter and accepted the changes brought by the “Social Chapter” included in the Treaty. The Treaty of Amsterdam also introduced the European Employment Strategy. Since then, the UK has endorsed the Social Charter and implemented a range of UE social measures. Despite social policies, the UK compared to its European partners is considered as “the Anglo-Saxon model” available in the US because Margaret Thacher's economic policies have not been deeply modified and at the European level, there are British particularities as far as labour law and industrial relations are concerned. Yet despite such disparities, the European Council considered in 2002 that the employment policies carried out in the UK were in accordance with the European Employment Strategy. This thesis examines how the European Employment Strategy is operating in the UK. The analysis focuses on how the European guidelines are implemented in the UK labour market regulation. The aim is to shed light on a paradox: on the one hand, the UK labour market has its own specificities which are not similar to other European countries; and on the other, the employment policies pursued in the UK comply with the European guidelines within the European Employment Strategy