Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sub base layer"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Sub base layer"
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Chen, Pak Wing, Debtanu Maiti, Ru-Fen Liu, Lars C. Grabow, and Michael P. Harold. "CH4 steam reforming on Pt + Pd/Al2O3 monolith: impact of Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 spinel addition." Catalysis Science & Technology 12, no. 8 (2022): 2618–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cy00270a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zoned catalyst provides CH4 oxidation enhancement afforded by spinel under oxidation regime and mitigates the detrimental base metal species migration from spinel layer to PGM layer under reforming regime.
2
Moskal, Grzegorz. "Thermal Diffusivity of TBC Layers of RE2Zr2O7 Type." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents the results of basic thermal properties of thermal barrier coatings on the base of rare earth zirconate of type Gd2Zr2O7, deposited by the air plasma spraying (APS) method. Measurements of thermal diffusivity with the laser-flash method were performed within the temperature range of 25°C-1100°C with two and ten hours of annealing. The measurements were performed on the single-layer (AMS 5599 alloy), double-layer (AMS 5599 alloy + NiCrAlY interlayer) and three-layer samples (AMS 5599 alloy + NiCrAlY interlayer + ceramic layer of RE2Zr2O7). By using the NETZSCH Proteus software and the results for the single-layer sample, thermal diffusivity of the interlayer itself was determined by means of the double-layer model. A similar method was used to determine the thermal diffusivity of the ceramic layer. The obtained results showed lower thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity for the new type of coatings in comparison with the standard zirconium concerning TBCs. Those results are slightly different compared with the results obtained for the initial powders, which indicates a crucial role of the ceramic layer microstructure (architecture of cracks and porosity).
3
Su, Yun Hai, De Guang Wu, and Guang Chao Liu. "Morphology and Distribution of M7C3 and TiC In Situ Synthesized in Plasma Surfacing." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to systematically study the morphology and distribution of M7C3 and TiC which in situ synthesized by plasma arc in the surfacing layer, plasma arc was used to clad the Fe-Cr-Ti-C wear-resistant alloy on low-carbon steel. And high corrosion experiment was applied to the surfacing layer. The hardness, microstructure and phase constitution of the surfacing layer were investigated through the tests of hardness, OM, EDS, SEM and XRD analysis. The results shows that irregular hexagonal (Cross-section) and strip (Side) M7C3 and petal-like, granular TiC were in situ synthesized in the surfacing layer. The M7C3 and TiC was combined closely. The M7C3 grains which closed to the fusion line of the base metal and surfacing layer are fine, but the ones that away from the fusion line are larger caused by the large temperature gradient. Smooth metallurgical bonding layer was formed between the surfacing layer and the base metal, it has a good metallurgical bonding. The phenomenon that carbon diffusion into the base material was clearly, the hardness near the fusion zone was improved effectively.
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Balachandran, S., T. Paul Chow, Anant K. Agarwal, Skip Scozzie, and Kenneth A. Jones. "BVCEO Versus BVCBO for 4H and 6H Polytype SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors." Materials Science Forum 483-485 (May 2005): 893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.483-485.893.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The letter presents a set of design curves that relate the open-base breakdown voltage BVCEO to the open emitter breakdown voltage BVCBO for 4H (0001 and 11-20 orientations) and 6H SiC NPN and PNP Bipolar Junction Transistors. We also present design curves pertaining to the variation of BVCEO with base doping and minority carrier diffusion length in the base for (0001) 4H-SiC BJTs for a 4x1015 cm-3 doped and 12µm thick drift layer for both NPN and PNP BJTs.
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Ariyarit, Atthaporn, Kengo Manabe, Kenta Fukada, Kyu-Hong Kyung, Kouji Fujimoto, and Seimei Shiratori. "Semitransparent polymer-based solar cells via simple wet lamination process with TiO2 layer using automatic spray layer-by-layer method." RSC Advances 5, no. 65 (2015): 52427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05762k.
Повний текст джерела
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Kim, Min Jung, and Dong Bok Lee. "Corrosion of Inconel 625 at 600-800°C in N2/H2O/H2S Atmospheres." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ni-base Inconel 625 alloys with a composition of 58.9Ni-22Cr-9Mo-5Fe 3.5Nb-0.4Si-0.4Mn-0.4Al-0.4Ti (wt.%) corroded at 600, 700 and 800 °C for up to 30 h in 1 atm of N2/H2O/H2S-mixed gases. They corroded fast owing to the formation of sulfides and the presence of hydrogen and water vapor in the gas. Triple layered scales formed. Nickel corroded to NiS to form the outer NiS layer, where Fe was dissolved. Chromium corroded to Cr-sulfides to form the middle layer. Other alloying elements such as Mo, Nb, Si, Mn, Al, and Ti corroded to form the inner layer that consisted primarily of intermixed sulfides and oxides. Since sulfides were present throughout the scale and hydrogen made the scale porous and fragile, Inconel 625 was nonprotective during high-temperature corrosion in N2/H2O/H2S gases.
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Dybkov, Vasil I. "Effect of Dissolution on the Ni3Sn4 Growth Kinetics at the Interface of Ni and Liquid Sn-Base Solders." Solid State Phenomena 138 (March 2008): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.138.153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Ni3Sn4 intermetallic layer occurs at the interface of nickel and the saturated or undersaturated Sn-base solder melt at 250-450 °C and dipping times of 300 to 2400 s. Mathematical equations are proposed to evaluate the thickness of the Ni3Sn4 layer formed under conditions of simultaneous dissolution in the undersaturated solder melt.
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Jesen, S., S. Ruangphet, and S. Cheirsirikul. "SiO2-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Base Gas Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas sensors are fabricated from multiwalled carbon nanotube-based. The electrode is constructed from platinum (Pt) and titanium (Ti). The gas sensors are used for detecting oxygen (O2), ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) and ammonia (NH3) by measuring the charge of their electrical capacitance. In the ratio silicon dioxide (SiO2) : carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) = 100:1 by weight, the electrical capacitance of the film layer has changed at the highest rate. The response of oxygen with concentration of 10,000 ppm, 20% of ethyl alcohol and 20% of ammonia, it is found that the electrical capacitance of thin layer has change about 34%, 60% and 70%.
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Li, Dan, Wei-Guang Yang, Chen-Hao He, Chen-Zi-Jun Xie, Long-yu Yang, and Yu Liu. "Research on limiting current oxygen sensor based on La2MoWO9." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2371, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2371/1/012003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this paper, an oxygen sensor with La2MoWO9 as the base material and La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3 mixed conductor material as the diffusion barrier layer was made by solid state synthesis method. The sensor has the characteristics of low price, low working temperature, simple preparation process, and has a good application prospect. However, there is also the problem of poor stability, which needs to be further studied.
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Yang, Xiu Pei, Zhi Jing Tan, Yu Li Fu, Gu Li, and Hua Xu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Au/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new kind of surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was fabricated by surface modification of ferroferric oxide with monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles. Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles were firstly synthesized by co-precipitating Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in base solution, and then coated with a layer of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane by silanization reaction. Gold nanoparticles were surface-attached with 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid which were subsequently linked to the modified ferroferric oxide nanoparticles to produce Au/Fe3O4 composite materials. The outer layer of ligand (2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid) on Au/Fe3O4 can function as binding sites for drugs and biomolecules, whereas the innermost magnetic cores are able to respond to an externally applied magnetic field. The as-synthesized Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite is superparamagnetic (31.4 emu/g), thus rendering it potentially applicable in magnetic drug delivery and bioseparation.
Дисертації з теми "Sub base layer"
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Tasnim, Sadia. "Development of light-weight polymer composite containing solid waste fillers and its application as sub-base layer of flexible pavement." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research programme is an in-depth study regarding the sub-base layer of
pavements made by a polymer composite using crumb recycled tyres, recycled plastic
and fly ash as fillers with jute-fabric as a reinforcement. Emphasis is placed mostly on
the mix proportions, mechanical properties and durability of the purposed composite
as precast lightweight product.
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Widajat, Djoko. "Predicting the performance of basaltic aggregate for use in unbound road base and sub base layers." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365923.
Повний текст джерела
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Koti, Joël. "Valorisation des coques de noix de palmiste dans la construction des routes à faible trafic." Thesis, Limoges, 2022. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f79d4974-f3cb-47d7-8a60-ec5e92d65af9/blobholder:0/2022LIMO0062.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La production de l’huile de palme génère plusieurs déchets dont les coques de noix de palmistes (CNP). Face à l’épuisement des ressources naturelles, utilisables en technique routière, la valorisation des déchets agricoles comme les coques de noix de palmiste constitue une solution alternative d’avenir pour les pays producteurs du palmier à huile. Cette thèse étudie l’utilisation des coques de noix de palmiste comme agrégat grossier dans la formulation des composites, proposables comme matériaux de couches d’assises des chaussées à faible trafic. La première partie du manuscrit traite de l’élaboration des mélanges des coques de noix de palmiste et de la terre de barre (terre latéritique abondante dans le sud du Bénin) pour une utilisation en couche de fondation. Les proportions volumiques de chaque composite sont déterminées par la loi parabolique de Fuller-Thompson. Au laboratoire, les essais géotechniques sur le sol latéritique et sur les composites ont montré que l’ajout de 61% des CNP à la terre de barre augmente l’indice CBR de 76% à 95% de l’optimum Proctor Modifié. L’ajout de 15% de sable lagunaire dans la formulation a permis de réduire la plasticité de 29%. Ainsi, le composite (39 % de sol latéritique + 61 % de CNP) avec un indice CBR égal à 30 et le composite (45 % de sol latéritique, 40 % de CNP et 15 % de sable de lagune) avec un indice CBR égal à 41 sont utilisables en couche de fondation des routes à faible trafic. La deuxième partie est consacrée au remplacement dans un béton bitumineux semi grenu 0/10 utilisable en couche de roulement des gros granulats classiques par les coques de noix de palmiste. Les différentes compositions granulaires sont obtenues par le modèle d’empilement compressible de De Larrard. La tenue à l’eau, étudiée à travers l’essai de Duriez montre que les CNP peuvent remplacer les granulats grossiers dans les enrobés des chaussées à faible trafic. La valorisation des coques de noix de palmistes en technique routière, constitue une grosse solution technico- économique dans le désenclavement des milieux ruraux des pays tropicaux et surtout pour le transport des produits des zones de production vers celles de transformation et de consommationThe production of palm oil generates several wastes including palm kernel shells (PKS). Facing the depletion of natural resources that can be used in pavement construction, the recovery of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shells is an alternative solution for the future for oil palm producing countries. This thesis studies the use of palm kernel shells as coarse aggregate in the formulation of composites materials. The latter can be used as subbase course materials for low-traffic pavements. The first part of the manuscript deals with the production of mixtures of palm kernel shells and lateritic soil (lateritic soil abundant in the south of Benin) for use as a foundation layer. Parabolic law of Fuller-Thompson is utilized to determine the volume proportions of each composite. In the laboratory, geotechnical experiments on lateritic soil and on composites have shown that the addition of 61% PKS increases the CBR index from 76% to 95% of the Modified Proctor optimum. The addition of 15% lagoon sand in the formulation decreases the plasticity by 29%. Thus, the composites with a CBR index of 30 (39% lateritic soil + 61% PKS) and 41 (45% lateritic soil, 40% PKS and 15% lagoon sand) can be used in the foundation layer for low traffic roads. The second part focuses on the substitution of the traditional coarse aggregates by palm kernel shells in a semi-grained bituminous concrete 0/10. This type of asphalt is usable in surface wearing course. The different granular compositions are obtained by the compressible stacking model of De Larrard. The moisture resistance, studied through the Duriez test, shows that PKS can be a good alternative of coarse aggregates in lightly trafficked pavement mixes. The valorization of palm kernel shells in transportation technology is a major technical and economical solution to provide a better access to the rural areas in tropical countries. Especially, it can be useful for the transport of products from production areas to those of processing and consumption
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Hintikka, M. (Mikko). "Integrated CMOS receiver techniques for sub-ns based pulsed time-of-flight laser rangefinding." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221625.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The goal of this work was to develop a CMOS receiver for a time-of-flight (TOF) laser rangefinder utilizing sub-ns pulses produced by a laser diode operating in gain switching mode (~ 1 nJ transmitter energy). This thesis also discusses the optical detector components and their usability with sub-ns optical pulses in laser rangefinding and the effect of the laser driver electronics on the shape of the sub-ns laser output, and eventually on the timing walk error of the laser rangefinder. The thesis presents the design of an integrated receiver channel IC intended for use in the pulsed TOF rangefinder. This is realized in a low-cost and consumer electronics-friendly CMOS technology (0.18 μm) and is based on a linear receiver and leading edge time discrimination. The measured walk error of the receiver is ~ 500 ps (4.5 cm in distance) within a 1:21,000 dynamic range. The measured jitter of the leading edge, affecting the single-shot precision of the radar, was ~ 12 ps (1.6 mm in distance) at an SNR > 200. In addition, a pulsed TOF rangefinder using the receiver IC developed here was designed and used for demonstrating the possibility of measuring tiny vibrations in a distant non-cooperative target. The radar was used successfully to observe 10 Hz vibrations in a non-cooperative target with an amplitude of 1.5 mm (sub-mm precision after averaging) at a distance of ~ 2 m. One important result was the demonstration of a difference in walk error behaviour between MOSFET and avalanche BJT-based laser pulse transmitters. The practicability of an integrated CMOS AP detector in sub-ns laser rangefinding was also studiedTiivistelmä Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää CMOS-vastaanotin valon kulkuaikamittaukseen perustuvaan laseretäisyysmittariin, joka hyödyntää ”gain-switching”-tekniikalla toimivan laserdiodin (~ 1 nJ energia) tuottamia alle nanosekuntiluokan laserpulsseja. Väitöskirja tutkii myös valovastaanotinkomponenttien käyttökelpoisuutta alle nanosekuntiluokan laserpulsseja hyödyntävässä laseretäisyysmittauksessa. Työssä tutkitaan myös laserdiodilähettimen elektroniikan vaikutusta alle nanosekuntiluokan laserpulssien muotoon ja lopulta niiden vaikutusta systemaattiseen ajoitusvirheeseen laseretäisyysmittauksessa. Väitöskirja esittelee suunnitellun valopulssin kulkuaikamittaukseen perustuvaan laseretäisyysmittariin soveltuvan integroidun vastaanotinkanavan IC-piirin. Se on toteutettu halvalla, kulutuselektroniikkaan soveltuvalla CMOS tekniikalla (0,18 μm) ja se perustuu lineaariseen vastaanottimeen ja nousevan reunan ilmaisuun. Vastaanottimen mitattu systemaattinen ajoitusvirhe on ~ 500 ps (4,5 cm matkassa) 1:21 000 signaalivoimakkuuden vaihtelualueella. Vastaanottimesta mitattu laseretäisyysmittarin kertamittaustarkkuuteen vaikuttava nousevan reunan satunnainen ajoitusepävarmuus oli ~ 12 ps (1.6 mm matkassa) signaalikohinasuhteella > 200. Lisäksi tässä työssä toteutettiin kehitettyä vastaanotin-IC piiriä hyödyntävä valopulssin kulkuaikamittaukseen perustuva etäisyysmittari, jolla kyettiin havainnollistamaan mahdollisuutta mitata pientä tärinää kaukaisessa passiivisessa kohteessa. Tutkalla onnistuttiin havainnoimaan 1,5 mm vaihteluväliltään olevaa 10 Hz tärinä ~ 2 m etäisyydellä olevasta kohteesta. Väitöskirjan yksi tärkeä tulos oli havainnollistaa systemaattisessa ajoitusvirheessä havaittava ero MOSFET-transistoriin ja vyöry-BJT-transistoriin perustuvan laserpulssilähettimen välillä. Integroidun CMOS AP vastaanotinkomponentin käyttökelpoisuus alle nanosekuntiluokan laseretäisyysmittauksessa tutkittiin myös
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Cavalcante, Francisco das Chagas Isael Teixeira. "The Use of encapsulation techniques as an alternative to employment of soil contaminated by petroleum products in base and sub-base of pavement layers." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe petrochemical industry or petroleum deserves special attention because, in practically all stages (drilling, refining, storage and distribution), residues that harm the environment and is a challenge to those responsible for their management are generated. Among the various wastes generated by the oil industry, are the Soils Contaminated by Petroleum Products (SCPD). In Cearà state, the generation of this type of waste is coming from a refinery that is located in Fortaleza city. During maintenance performed on the steps of refining and storage of petroleum, can occur contact derivatives with soil, contaminating it, thus generating SCPD which finishes stored in drums, requiring alternative for correct final disposal. Given the above, was decided to study the incorporation of SCDP in the granular layers of the floor so that it ensures no damage to the environment. A new methodology was developed allowing the assessment of the technical feasibility of using SCDP (natural or stabilized) in Road Paving, using the encapsulation technique with cement. In the experimental program developed, the characterization tests, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Simple Compression Strength (RCS), Diametrical Compression (RTCD), Resilience Modulus (MR), durability were executed, thus as the achievement of the environmental tests of leaching and solubilization. Observed after conducting of the experimental program, there are technical possibility for the incorporation of SCDP in granular pavement layers. The results shown an incorporation of residue to the natural ground, in other words, a particle size stabilization already has considerable gains, since it increases the index support. By adding cement, significant gains were obtained from CBR, MR, RCS and RT, and a condition of reasonable durability. However, environmentally, in an initial assessment, the feasibility of using the SCDP on pavements was not possible, because the mix without cement and mixing with cement evaluated, obtained concentrations of the parameters analyzed in the assay solubilization above permitted. However, it is important to note that the current method of assessing contaminant parameters does not take into consideration conditions that might be encountered in the field, thus there is a need to design of a model to evaluate the mechanical and environmental properties for waste that may be incorporated in the pavement construction process. Thus, the encapsulation technique contaminants cannot be ignored as an alternative to incorporating SCDP granular layers of paving.
A indÃstria petroquÃmica ou do petrÃleo merece atenÃÃo especial. Em praticamente todas as etapas (perfuraÃÃo, refino, armazenamento e distribuiÃÃo) sÃo gerados resÃduos nocivos ao ambiente que representam um desafio para os responsÃveis pelo seu gerenciamento. Dentre os diversos resÃduos gerados pela indÃstria petrolÃfera, estÃo os Solos Contaminados por Derivados de PetrÃleo (SCPD). No estado do CearÃ, a geraÃÃo desse tipo de resÃduo à proveniente de uma refinaria que fica localizada na cidade de Fortaleza. Durante as manutenÃÃes realizadas nas etapas de refino e armazenamento do petrÃleo, pode ocorrer o contato de derivados com o solo, contaminando-o, gerando assim, o SCPD. Esse resÃduo acaba estocado em tambores, necessitando de alternativas para uma disposiÃÃo final correta. Diante do exposto, resolveu-se estudar a incorporaÃÃo do SCDP nas camadas granulares dos pavimentos de forma que se garanta a ausÃncia de danos ao meio ambiente. Elaborou-se uma metodologia que permitiu avaliar a viabilidade tÃcnica do uso do SCDP (natural ou estabilizado) na PavimentaÃÃo RodoviÃria, usando a tÃcnica de encapsulamento com cimento. No programa experimental desenvolvido foram executados os ensaios de caracterizaÃÃo, compactaÃÃo, Ãndice de Suporte CalifÃrnia (CBR), ResistÃncia à CompressÃo Simples (RCS), ResistÃncia à TraÃÃo por CompressÃo Diametral (RTCD), MÃdulo de ResiliÃncia (MR), durabilidade, bem como a realizaÃÃo dos ensaios ambientais de lixiviaÃÃo e solubilizaÃÃo. Observou-se, apÃs a realizaÃÃo do programa experimental, que hà possibilidade tÃcnica para a incorporaÃÃo do SCDP em camadas granulares de pavimentos. Os resultados mostram que a incorporaÃÃo de resÃduo ao solo natural, ou seja, uma estabilizaÃÃo granulomÃtrica, jà traz bons ganhos, uma vez que eleva o Ãndice de suporte das misturas. Ao se adicionar cimento, foram obtidos ganhos significativos para CBR, MR, RCS e RTCD, bem como uma razoÃvel condiÃÃo de durabilidade. PorÃm, ambientalmente, em uma primeira avaliaÃÃo, as concentraÃÃes dos parÃmetros analisados no ensaio de solubilizaÃÃo ficaram acima do permitido. No entanto, à importante ressaltar que o mÃtodo atual de avaliaÃÃo dos parÃmetros contaminantes nÃo leva em consideraÃÃo as condiÃÃes que poderÃo ser encontradas em campo. Logo hà a necessidade da concepÃÃo de um modelo de avaliaÃÃo das propriedades mecÃnicas e ambientais para resÃduos que venham a ser incorporados no processo de construÃÃo de pavimentos. Assim, a tÃcnica de encapsulamento de contaminantes nÃo pode ser desconsiderada como alternativa à incorporaÃÃo do SCDP em camadas granulares de pavimentos.
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Foltynowicz, Aleksandra. "Fiber-laser-based noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectro-metry (NICE-OHMS) is one of the most sensitive laser-based absorption techniques. The high sensitivity of NICE-OHMS is obtained by a unique combination of cavity enhancement (for increased interaction length with a sample) with frequency modulation spectrometry (for reduction of noise). Moreover, sub-Doppler detection is possible due to the presence of high intensity counter-propagating waves inside an external resonator, which provides an excellent spectral selectivity. The high sensitivity and selectivity make NICE-OHMS particularly suitable for trace gas detection. Despite this, the technique has so far not been often used for practical applications due to its technical complexity, originating primarily from the requirement of an active stabilization of the laser frequency to a cavity mode. The main aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to develop a simpler and more robust NICE-OHMS instrumentation without compro-mising the high sensitivity and selectivity of the technique. A compact NICE-OHMS setup based on a fiber laser and a fiber-coupled electro-optic modulator has been constructed. The main advantage of the fiber laser is its narrow free-running linewidth, which significantly simplifies the frequency stabilization procedure. It has been demonstrated, using acetylene and carbon dioxide as pilot species, that the system is capable of detecting relative absorption down to 3 × 10-9 on a Doppler-broadened transition, and sub-Doppler optical phase shift down to 1.6 × 10-10, the latter corresponding to a detection limit of 1 × 10-12 atm of C2H2. Moreover, the potential of dual frequency modulation dispersion spectrometry (DFM-DS), an integral part of NICE-OHMS, for concentration measurements has been assessed. This thesis contributes also to the theoretical description of Doppler-broadened and sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS signals, as well as DFM-DS signals. It has been shown that the concentration of an analyte can be deduced from a Doppler-broadened NICE-OHMS signal detected at an arbitrary and unknown detection phase, provided that a fit of the theoretical lineshape to the experimental data is performed. The influence of optical saturation on Doppler-broadened NICE-OHMS signals has been described theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. In particular, it has been shown that the Doppler-broadened dispersion signal is unaffected by optical saturation in the Doppler limit. An expression for the sub-Doppler optical phase shift, valid for high degrees of saturation, has been derived and verified experimentally up to degrees of saturation of 100.
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Cherradi, Nabih Mohamed. "Propriétés de transport électronique à basse température d'alliages amorphes Au-Si et de multicouches Au/Si." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Étude de l'effet des interférences quantiques qui dominent à basse température les propriétés de transport électronique des systèmes désordonnés. Des alliages amorphes au::(X)SI::(1-X) et des multicouches Au-Si ont été préparées par évaporation sous vide d'or et de silicium
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Tzu-Ning, Lee, and 李紫寧. "Modification of sub-base and base layer using cold reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27886770956298516835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士東南科技大學
防災科技研究所
99
Abstract This study discusses the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for sub-base and base layer of the feasibility early assessment. In the laboratory: (1) the mixing proportion of RAP with cement and modified asphalt emulsion is 3:1:0.8 for the self-compaction of control low strength material (CLSM); (2) cold RAP mixtures with the ratios of 5% cement by the total weight of materials and 5% modified asphalt emulsion. The two kinds of mixture are fabricated by samples for laboratory test and field test for comparison. The samples are cured by 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days for test to compare their mechanical properties and the specification of CLSM is the basic criteria for reference. Keywords: reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), emulsified asphalt, CLSM
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Sengupta, Som. "Sub-segment based transport layer protocol for wireless medium." Thesis, 2003. http://library1.njit.edu/etd/fromwebvoyage.cfm?id=njit-etd2003-060.
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Chiou, Jau-Yu, and 邱昭諭. "Study on the sub-layer design and pervaporation performance of cellulose-based composite membrane." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58393963771710994817.
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碩士中原大學
化學工程研究所
95
Membranes with high separation performance are fascinated for lots researchers in the field of pervaporation. In this study, Chitosan（CS）/Cellulose Acetate（CA）composite membrane was fabricated to investigate the effect of CA substrate structure on dehydration performance of aqueous isopropanol（IPA） mixtures. The CA substrate membranes were prepared by various concentration of CA polymer solution. The Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation, light transmittance experiment and rheometer measurement results showed that a membrane with denser sublayer and thicker top layer can be formed for higher polymer concentration. The optimum pervaporation performances for 70wt% IPA/H2O mixtures through 9wt% CA polymer solution cast CS/CA composite membrane are 8,300 g/m2h and 99 wt% for permeation rate and water content in permeate, respectively. By immersing cellulose acetate casting film in ethanol coagulant bath, we could prepare membranes with lacy structure. However, the delay solidification rate, which made the useless in continuous membranes preparation for this system. In the dual-coagulant baths system, we could also prepare membranes with lacy structure and fast solidification, which using alcohol and water were used as the 1st and 2nd coagulant, respectively. The chitosan/cellulose acetate/ non-woven composite membrane made by coating 3wt% chitosan solution on the substrate with lacy structure, had nice pervaporation performances for 70wt% IPA/H2O mixtures at 70℃. The flux and water concentration in permeate are 7570 g/m2h and 99 wt%, respectively.
Книги з теми "Sub base layer"
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Widajat, Djoko. Predicting the performance of basaltic aggregate for use in unbound road base and sub base layers. [s.l: The Author], 2001.
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2
Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane. Pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.27.
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African pastoralism is distinctive from that of Southwest Asia, focusing on dairy production with cattle, sheep, and goats. The latter were domesticated in Southwest Asia and introduced, but debate continues on whether indigenous African aurochs contributed genes to African domestic cattle. Pastoralism emerged in what was then a grassy Sahara and shifted south with the mid-Holocene aridification. Zooarchaeology and genetics show the donkey is a mid-Holocene African domesticate, emerging as an aid to pastoral mobility during increasing aridity. Pastoralism is the earliest form of domesticate-based food production in sub-Saharan Africa, with farming emerging millennia later. Human genetics and lipid analysis of Saharan ceramics shows an early reliance on dairying. With the emergence of pastoralism, new economies and social relations emerged that were carried by pastoralists across the whole of Africa.
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Conway, Rebecca, ed. Djalkiri. Sydney University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/sup.9781743327272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Djalkiri are “footprints" – ancestral imprints on the landscape that provide the Yolŋu people of eastern Arnhem Land with their philosophical foundations. This book describes how Yolŋu artists and communities keep these foundations strong, and how they have worked with museums to develop a collaborative, community-led approach to the collection and display of their artwork. It includes contributions from Yolŋu elders and artists as well as Indigenous and non-Indigenous historians and curators. Together they explore how the relationship between communities and museums has changed over time. From the early 20th century, anthropologists and other collectors acquired artworks and objects and took photographs in Arnhem Land that became part of collections at the University of Sydney. Later generations of Yolŋu have sought out these materials and, with museum curators, proposed a new type of relationship, based on a deeper respect for Yolŋu intellectual frameworks and a commitment to their central role in curation. This book tells some of their stories.
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Pavlovskis, Pēteris. Analysis of Two Actual Problems of Interlaminar Fracture Assessment of Layered Composite. RTU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/9789934228148.
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Two types of specimens were studied based on applying the nonlinear theory of flexible plates to obtain the interlaminar fracture toughness of layered composites. For a specimen of the thin sub-layer type, a theoretical solution was obtained in relation to the determination of the interlaminar fracture toughness for a mixed II/I mode. The fundamental possibility of using this solution in test practice was confirmed. The application of the nonlinear theory of flexible plates to the well-known standard specimen of the double-cantilever beam (DCB) was studied in more detail. A theoretical solution was obtained, an iterative algorithm for processing test results based on MATLAB code was developed, highly flexible glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) specimens were tested and their comparison with the results of processing according to the ASTM D 5528-01 standard with correction of the linear solution was given.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Trance Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how sound systems place electronic sounds in a social context, eliciting powerful affective experiences that are framed by conceptual meaning. The chapter begins by tracing the origins of the sound system culture and dub-reggae of Jamaica. This approach, which prioritizes DJ performances over ‘live’ musicians, would prefigure the electronic dance music culture of the 1980s and 1990s. Exploring this area, this chapter examines how the design of Chicago house and Detroit techno provided high-energy dance experiences that reflected the ethos of the respective sub-cultures. Later, in the UK rave scene, breakbeat hardcore, drum & bass, and ambient house each used sound design to support an accelerated youth-culture fuelled by ecstasy, delivering trance-like experiences framed by conceptual meaning. In the global Goa trance and psy-trance scenes, this capability is explicitly characterized as ‘technoshamanic’, and the DJ as a ‘master of ecstasies’.
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Illanes, Luis, and Amalia Pérez. Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/32375.
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La tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET, por sus siglas en inglés Positron Emission Tomography) es actualmente la herramienta diagnóstica más exhaustiva de la imagenología oncológica, con una incidencia creciente en cardiología y neurología. La obtención de la imagen con el PET es una técnica de alta complejidad muy empleada actualmente y cuyos resultados tienen enorme trascendencia diagnóstica proveyendo datos que ilustran sobre cambios específicos de procesos que tienen lugar a nivel molecular. El PET, como la mayoría de los formidables avances que se observan en las nuevas formas de diagnóstico y tratamiento (Radiología Digital, Tomografía Computada, Resonancia Magnética, Laser, Ultrasonido, Radioterapia), proviene de conocimientos y técnicas aportadas fundamentalmente por la física. En el último medio siglo, además de la física, la biología, la medicina, la bioquímica, la química, la ingeniería, la computación y distintas técnicas de digitalización y tratamiento de las imágenes han contribuido con aportes centrales a las modernas técnicas de alta complejidad empleadas en el terreno de la salud. Por este motivo es que la modalidad PET excede los límites de cualquier formación unidisciplinar. Se incorpora así, un nuevo campo de estudio conocido hoy como Física Médica. El nuevo concepto de Diagnóstico por Imágenes (DxI), surgido de la integración de las modalidades tradicionales está indicando que estamos frente a un fenómeno nuevo eminentemente multidisciplinario. En este nuevo ámbito, cada uno de sus actores, sin perder el eje en su formación de base, debe conocer los nuevos desafíos que restan por solucionar. En lo que respecta al PET, el incentivo es profundizar en el objetivo central de la Medicina Nuclear que es la detectabilidad temprana de las alteraciones metabólicas. En este nuevo escenario del uso de la tecnología PET, se ha generado la necesidad imprescindible del entendimiento de dos profesionales centrales, el médico especialista y el físico médico.
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Lassiter, Daniel. Measurement theory and the typology of scales. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701347.003.0002.
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Most previous work on graded modality has relied on qualitative orderings, rather than degree semantics. This chapter introduces Representational Theory of Measurement (RTM), a framework which makes it possible to translate between qualitative and degree-based scales. I describe a way of using RTM to extend the compositional degree semantics introduced in chapter 1 to qualitative scales. English data are used to motivate the application of the RTM discussion between ordinal, interval, and ratio scales to scalar adjectives, with special attention to the kinds of statements that are semantically interpretable relative to different scale types. I also propose and motivate empirically a distinction between ‘additive’ and ‘intermediate’ scales, which interact differently with the algebraic join operation (realizing sum formation or disjunction, depending on the domain). This distinction is reflected in inferential properties of non-modal adjectives in English, and is also important for the analysis of graded modality in later chapters.
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Busuioc, Aristita, and Alexandru Dumitrescu. Empirical-Statistical Downscaling: Nonlinear Statistical Downscaling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.770.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.The concept of statistical downscaling or empirical-statistical downscaling became a distinct and important scientific approach in climate science in recent decades, when the climate change issue and assessment of climate change impact on various social and natural systems have become international challenges. Global climate models are the best tools for estimating future climate conditions. Even if improvements can be made in state-of-the art global climate models, in terms of spatial resolution and their performance in simulation of climate characteristics, they are still skillful only in reproducing large-scale feature of climate variability, such as global mean temperature or various circulation patterns (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation). However, these models are not able to provide reliable information on local climate characteristics (mean temperature, total precipitation), especially on extreme weather and climate events. The main reason for this failure is the influence of local geographical features on the local climate, as well as other factors related to surrounding large-scale conditions, the influence of which cannot be correctly taken into consideration by the current dynamical global models.Impact models, such as hydrological and crop models, need high resolution information on various climate parameters on the scale of a river basin or a farm, scales that are not available from the usual global climate models. Downscaling techniques produce regional climate information on finer scale, from global climate change scenarios, based on the assumption that there is a systematic link between the large-scale and local climate. Two types of downscaling approaches are known: a) dynamical downscaling is based on regional climate models nested in a global climate model; and b) statistical downscaling is based on developing statistical relationships between large-scale atmospheric variables (predictors), available from global climate models, and observed local-scale variables of interest (predictands).Various types of empirical-statistical downscaling approaches can be placed approximately in linear and nonlinear groupings. The empirical-statistical downscaling techniques focus more on details related to the nonlinear models—their validation, strengths, and weaknesses—in comparison to linear models or the mixed models combining the linear and nonlinear approaches. Stochastic models can be applied to daily and sub-daily precipitation in Romania, with a comparison to dynamical downscaling. Conditional stochastic models are generally specific for daily or sub-daily precipitation as predictand.A complex validation of the nonlinear statistical downscaling models, selection of the large-scale predictors, model ability to reproduce historical trends, extreme events, and the uncertainty related to future downscaled changes are important issues. A better estimation of the uncertainty related to downscaled climate change projections can be achieved by using ensembles of more global climate models as drivers, including their ability to simulate the input in downscaling models. Comparison between future statistical downscaled climate signals and those derived from dynamical downscaling driven by the same global model, including a complex validation of the regional climate models, gives a measure of the reliability of downscaled regional climate changes.
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Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Educação Física e Ciência do Esporte. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf21110400.
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Este livro, apresentado em capítulos, se inclui como um processo de ampla reflexão sobre a Educação Física no Brasil, uma vez que atende a diferentes perspectivas apresentadas atualmente na área. A ampla gama de assuntos com temáticas diversas demonstra o quanto a Educação Física pode contribuir, tanto em aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida dos indivíduos; às práticas de lazer e esportes; à valorização do brincar; à produção de conhecimento na área e suas peculiaridades na Região Norte, bem como nos fatores motivacionais e da psicologia positiva intervenientes na prática esportiva. Estes conhecimentos são de efetiva aplicabilidade no cotidiano dos indivíduos, na compreensão dos pesquisadores e na experiência empírica dos profissionais que atuam diretamente no contexto esportivo, desde o esporte recreativo ao alto rendimento. Diante dos avanços no campo da Educação Física nas últimas décadas, as investigações apresentadas poderão desencadear uma apreciação indagativa dos leitores, evidenciando amplas possibilidades a partir dos diversos tipos de estudo. No decorrer da obra é possível encontrar investigações de natureza documental, estudos descritivos e revisões sistemáticas. No Capítulo 1, intitulado Análise da qualidade de vida de idosos praticantes de dança de ritmos coreografados, a autora analisa a qualidade de vida de idosos por meio do WHOQOL-bref, um questionário desenvolvido e recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). O capítulo 2 Lazer e esporte: análise dos espaços públicos em Muzambinho/MG nos apresenta a realidade dos espaços públicos de lazer desta cidade histórica mineira de aproximadamente 20.000 habitantes. Já nos capítulos 3 e 4, parte I e parte II (O brincar e as atividades motoras no tratamento de câncer infantil: revisão sistemática), os autores utilizaram o método Prisma para nos trazer os estudos com brincar e a prática de atividades motoras em crianças que realizam tratamento de câncer. Os Capítulos 5 e 6, partes I e II (Motivação e paixão dos atletas paranaenses de atletismo nas provas de meio fundo e fundo) os autores investigaram os fatores motivacionais que direcionam os atletas paranaenses à inserção nestas provas que exigem dos atletas persistência e esforço, visando com este conhecimento auxiliar o trabalho dos atletas, treinadores e preparadores das equipes de atletismo. No Capítulo 7, intitulado A produção do conhecimento dos professores de educação física da FEFF-UFAM, com base nos grupos temáticos do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciência dos Esportes, as autoras, por meio da análise documental, buscaram valorizar o conhecimento científico produzido nas dissertações e teses da Região Norte do Brasil no período de 1981 a 2014, possibilitando um olhar mais atento às demandas e necessidades regionais. Nos Capítulos 8 e 9, em suas partes I e II (Variáveis psicológicas positivas em atletas universitários, uma revisão sistemática), os autores se utilizaram da metodologia da revisão sistemática para sumarizar as produções mundiais acerca das variáveis psicológicas positivas dos atletas de esporte universitário, nos apresentando pesquisas que compreenderam a investigação das competências, fatores sociais, motivação, sentimentos, fatores pessoais e resiliência, utilizados pelos atletas para o enfrentamento dos intervenientes advindos do esporte e da vida acadêmica. Já nos Capítulos 10 e 11, intitulado Motivação acadêmica e orientação de vida em universitários: uma revisão sistemática (Parte I e II), outras duas revisões sistemáticas utilizando o método Prisma buscaram compreender a motivação e a orientação de vida de universitários. Diante das possibilidades de leituras, reflexões e interpretações presentes nesta obra, esperamos que possa auxiliar os profissionais de Educação Física e áreas afins na sua prática investigativa e empírica, incentivando as pesquisas nesta área que vem a cada década se renovando, ampliando seus conhecimentos e buscando firmar sua relevância social.
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Santiago Iglesias, José Andrés, and Ana Soler Baena, eds. Anime Studies: Media-Specific Approaches to Neon Genesis Evangelion. Stockholm University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbp.
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Anime Studies: Media-Specific Approaches to Neon Genesis Evangelion aims at advancing the study of anime, understood as largely TV-based genre fiction rendered in cel, or cel-look, animation with a strong affinity to participatory cultures and media convergence. Taking Neon Genesis Evangelion (Shin Seiki Evangerion) as a case study, this volume acknowledges anime as a media form with clearly recognizable aesthetic properties, (sub)cultural affordances and situated discourses. First broadcast in Japan in 1995-96, Neon Genesis Evangelion became an epoch-making anime, and later franchise. The initial series used already available conventions, visual resources and narrative tropes typical of anime in general and the mecha (or giant-robot) genre in particular, but at the same time it subverted and reinterpreted them in a highly innovative and as such standard-setting way. Investigating anime through Neon Genesis Evangelion this volume takes a broadly understood media-aesthetic and media-cultural perspective, which pertains to medium in the narrow sense of technology, techniques, materials, and semiotics, but also mediality and mediations related to practices and institutions of production, circulation, and consumption. In no way intended to be exhaustive, this volume attests to the emergence of anime studies as a field in its own right, including but not prioritizing expertise in film studies and Japanese studies, and with due regard to the most widely shared critical publications in Japanese and English language. Thus, the volume provides an introduction to studies of anime, a field that necessarily interrelates media-specific and transmedial aspects. In Anime Studies: Media-Specific Approaches to Neon Genesis Evangelion, anime is addressed from a transnational and transdisciplinary stance. The disciplinary and methodological perspectives taken by the individual chapters range from audio-visual culture, narratology, performance and genre theory to fandom studies and gender studies. In its first part, the book focuses on textual analysis and media form in the narrow sense with regard to filmic media, bank footage, voice acting and musical score, and then it broadens the scope to consider subcultural discourse, franchising, manga and video game adaptations, as well as critical and affective user engagement.
Частини книг з теми "Sub base layer"
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Pradhan, R., T. Shil, S. Nanda, and B. G. Mohapatra. "Reduction of Sub Base Layer Using Bio-enzyme Treated Soil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 789–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7509-6_61.
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Gonawala, Radha J., Rakesh Kumar, and Krupesh A. Chauhan. "Usage of Crushed EAF Slag in Granular Sub-base Layer Construction." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 257–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1966-2_22.
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Blugan, Gurdial, Richard Dobedoe, I. Gee, Nina Orlovskaya, and Jakob Kübler. "Failure Behaviour of High Toughness Multi-Layer Si3N4 and Si3N4-TiN Based Laminates." In Fractography of Advanced Ceramics II, 175–82. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-973-3.175.
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Yu, Zhengbo, Vladimir D. Krstić, and Jack Ng. "Development of BaTiO3 Based X7R Wafers for Single-Layer Capacitors." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 69–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.69.
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Yuan, Jiang-ru, Yu-qiang Sun, Ru-yu Zhang, Qi Sun, and Xin Liu. "Sub-layer Multi-source Data Fusion Based on Pattern Recognition." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021, 5463–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_500.
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Boltovets, Mykola S., V. N. Ivanov, A. Yu Avksentyev, A. E. Belyaev, A. G. Borisenko, O. A. Fedorovitsh, Raisa V. Konakova, et al. "High Temperature Contacts to GaN and SiC Based on TiBx Nanostructure Layers." In Materials Science Forum, 1061–64. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-963-6.1061.
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Srivastava, Maj Vikas Kumar, Bappaditya Manna, and J. T. Shahu. "Performance Evaluation of Geocell Reinforced Granular Sub-Base Layers—A Numerical Study." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 13–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6466-0_2.
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Miglietta, Mara, Tiziana Polichetti, Ettore Massera, Ivana Nasti, Filiberto Ricciardella, Silvia Romano, and Girolamo Di Francia. "Sub-PPM Nitrogen Dioxide Conductometric Response at Room Temperature by Graphene Flakes Based Layer." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 121–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0935-9_21.
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Nath, Brajendra, Sowmiya Chawla, and Randhir Kumar Gupta. "A Study on Utilization of Mine Overburden as a Replacement of Base and Sub-base Layers on Rural Roads." In Current Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of Civil Infrastructures, 83–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95750-0_7.
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Herkersdorf, Andreas, Michael Engel, Michael Glaß, Jörg Henkel, Veit B. Kleeberger, Johannes M. Kühn, Peter Marwedel, et al. "RAP Model—Enabling Cross-Layer Analysis and Optimization for System-on-Chip Resilience." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Resilience Articulation Point (RAP) model aims to provision a probabilistic fault abstraction and error propagation concept for various forms of variability related faults in deep sub-micron CMOS technologies at the semiconductor material or device levels. RAP assumes that each of such physical faults will eventually manifest as a single- or multi-bit binary signal inversion or out-of-specification delay in a signal transition between bit values. When probabilistic error functions for specific fault origins are known at the bit or signal level, knowledge about the unit of design and its environment allow the transformation of the bit-related error functions into characteristic higher layer representations, such as error functions for data words, finite state machine (FSM) states, IP macro-interfaces, or software variables. Thus, design concerns can be investigated at higher abstraction layers without the necessity to further consider the full details of lower levels of design. This chapter introduces the ideas of RAP based on examples of particle strike, noise and voltage drop induced bit errors in SRAM cells. Furthermore, we show by different examples how probabilistic bit flips are systematically abstracted and propagated towards instruction and data vulnerability at MPSoC architecture level, and how RAP can be applied for dynamic testing and application-level optimizations in an autonomous robot scenario.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sub base layer"
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Awaludin, Ali, Iman Satyarno, and Muchtar Sufaat. "Finite Element Analysis of CRTS III Slab Track Model." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This paper presented an evaluation of mechanical properties of ballastless track system using finite element model developed in ABAQUS. CRTS III ballastless track model composed of steel rails, fasteners, perfabricated concrete slabs, intermediate and base layers, was chosen. The track model has a length of 16.8 m in longitudinal direction and the computation was limited to static analysis and linear-elastic material stress- strain relation. In this numerical analysis, steel rails were modeled as beam elements, fasteners were modeled as spring connectors, and prefabricated slabs, intermediate layer as well as base layer were modeled as 3D solid elements. Soil support was represented as elastic foundation throughout the length of the track model. Contact condition between track components was facilitated through surface contact elements having frictionless type. Load model LM-71 suggested by EN 1991-2 was applied to the track model through a load factor (k<sub>1</sub>) and soil elastic foundation coefficient (k<sub>s</sub>) varied from 0.01 N/mm³ to 0.06 N/mm³. Initially, patch test analysis to ensure convergence of the numerical solution were conducted, as well as performing simple analysis using one point load acting on the track model to compare the numerical results with the calculation given by Zimmermann and Westergaard methods provided by EN 16432-2 (2017). The numerical results indicated that the axial fastener force and flexural stress steel rail has a linear function with respect to kl, while the deflection of steel rail, flexural stress of frefabricated concrete slab, intermediate layer and base layer is best described by α(k<sub>s</sub>)<sup>β</sup>k<sub>1</sub> where α and β are constants. As minimum subgrade modulus stiffness required by EN 16432-1 (2017) equal to 60 N/mm², which is equivalent to subgrade modulus reaction k<sub>s</sub> of 0.0153 N/mm³, load factor k<sub>1</sub> equals to 1.28 will yield steel rail deflection of 6 mm, the allowable value suggested by American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-way Association.</p>
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Poudineh, Hojatollah, and Mohammad Reza Ghorbani Fard. "Design and Simulation of InGaP/SiGe Dual-Junction Solar Cell System with Two Graded Buffer Regions Si0.18Ge0.82 and Optimizing Base Layer Si0.18Ge0.82." In 2021 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eexpolytech53083.2021.9614737.
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Cai, Zhong, Ana Widyanita, Prasanna Chidambaram, and Ernest A. Jones. "Reservoir Architecture Modeling at Sub-Seismic Scale for a Depleted Carbonate Reef Reservoir for CO2 Storage in Sarawak Basin, Offshore Malaysia." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204689-ms.
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Abstract It is still a challenge to build a numerical static reservoir model, based on limited data, to characterize reservoir architecture that corresponds to the geological concept models. The numerical static reef reservoir model has been evolving from the oversimplified tank-like models, simple multi-layer models to the complex multi-layer models that are more realistic representations of complex reservoirs. A simple multi-layer model for the reef reservoir with proportional layering scheme was applied in the CO2 Storage Development Plan (SDP) study, as the most-likely scenario to match the geological complexity. Model refinement can be conducted during CO2 injection phase with Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) technologies for CO2 plume distribution tracking. The selected reservoir is a Middle to Late Miocene carbonate reef complex, with three phases of reef growth: 1) basal transgressive phase, 2) lower buildup phase, and 3) upper buildup phase. Three chronostratigraphic surfaces were identified on 3D seismic reflection data as the zone boundaries, which were then divided into sub-zones and layers. Four layering methods were compared, which are ‘proportional’, ’follow top’, ‘follow base’ and ‘follow top with reference surface’. The proportional layering method was selected for the base case of the 3D static reservoir model and the others were used in the uncertainty analysis. Based on the results of uncertainty and risk assessment, a risk mitigation for CO2 injection operation were modeled and three CO2 injection well locations were optimized. The reservoir architecture model would be updated and refined by the difference between the modeled CO2 plume patterns and The MMV results in the future.
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Miglietti, Warren, and Tom Cullen. "Fluoride Ion Cleaning (FIC) at Sub-Atmospheric Pressure." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fluoride Ion cleaning (FIC) process is used to assist in the successful braze repair of nickel-based superalloy components. This process is especially effective in removing embedded oxides in cracks typically found in aircraft parts such as in combustors and turbine blades and vanes. Where, Al and Ti are present in the base metal, the FIC process depletes these elements from the surface, thereby improving the braze flow and repair of the cracked components. The objective of this paper is to show that mechanical properties of the braze repaired region can be adequate when the FIC process at sub-atmospheric pressure is utilized, prior to brazing. To achieve this, firstly entailed designing and producing specimens suitable to study the fatigue crack behavior of braze repaired cracks/joints under mechanical and thermal loading. The cracks/joints prior to brazing were either in an unclean form i.e. had an oxide layer on, or were fluoride ion cleaned at sub-atmospheric pressure. Fatigue crack propagation tests under constant load as well as under constant stress intensity factor range were conducted in order to study fatigue crack growth characteristics in the parent and braze repaired area. In addition, the resistance to thermal cycling was investigated using single-edge wedge specimens containing braze repaired joints. For the unclean crack specimens, abnormally high crack growth rates were obtained from the brazed repaired area as compared to parent Ni-based material; whereas for the fluoride ion cleaned crack specimens, lower crack growth rates were experienced. Similarly for the unclean crack specimens, the thermal fatigue crack initiation life was significantly shorter compared with the fluoride ion cleaned crack specimens.
5
Loganayagan, S. "Experimental Study on Practice of Cement Treated Subbase (CTSB) Layer in Flexible Pavement of National Highways in India." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Due to the large number of infrastructure projects taking place in rural and urban areas there has been a shortage of building materials. The road industry is looking at ways to improve low-quality materials that are easily accessible for use in road construction. Cement / lime treatment has become an acceptable way to increase soil strength and consistency with moderate proportions, to reduce the number of compounds. The Indian roads congress (IRC) has developed a special edition for the mixed construction of the base / ground floor. There is no design guide currently available for the under the cement base. To overcome this problem, the aim of the current project is to create a chart of the paved area using concrete and limestone on rural and urban roads with small and medium vehicles. It not only saves money but also helps to increase the life cycle of roads. At the base of the road, there are different soils or granite materials available for construction, but they may indicate insufficient structures and lead to significant road stress and reduced life. However, the addition of a stabilizing agent such as cement, asphalt, lime or other non-traditional materials can improve soil properties. Among these various stable materials, cemented materials improve strength and high strength, and demonstrate the excellent performance of the paved system and high durability. Solid foundations can provide inexpensive solutions to many common designs and building conditions. Cement Treated Sub Base (CTSB) is a common method used on road foundations to improve its engineering properties due to the durability of cement where moisture is present and extends the healing time. The bonded base material provides additional strength and support without increasing the overall thickness of the mortar layers. Depending on the needs of the project, CTB increases construction speed, improves the capacity of the pavement structure, or in some cases reduces the full-time project. In addition, a strong foundation reduces deviation due to heavy traffic loads, thereby extending the life of the pavement. CTB base thickness is reduced due to higher carrying capacity compared to granular base thickness.
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Lorenz, Pierre, Igor Zagoranskiy, Martin Ehrhardt, and Klaus-Peter Zimmer. "Laser-induced large area sub-µm and nanostructuring of dielectric surfaces and thin metal layer." In Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XIII, edited by Udo Klotzbach, Rainer Kling, and Akira Watanabe. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510206.
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Manca, O., S. Nardini, and D. Ricci. "Enhancement of Forced Convection in Ribbed Channels by Nanofluids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The enhancement technologies in convection heat transfer allow the effectiveness improvement of heat exchangers. The employment of rough surfaces could be taken into account. In fact, in a ribbed channel, turbulators break the laminar sub-layer and create local turbulence in order to reduce the thermal resistance and augment heat transfer rates. Another available technique is represented by the introduction of nanoparticles in the base fluids in order to improve the fluid thermal conductivity. However, both the methods provide increasing pressure drops. In this paper a numerical investigation is carried out on water-Al2O3 nanofluid forced convection in a two-dimensional ribbed channel, heated by a constant heat flux. Ribs have trapezoidal shapes and different geometric arrangements were analyzed. The mixture model was employed in order to describe the nanofluid behaviour and different nanoparticle volume fractions were considered. The aim consists into describe the thermal and fluid-dynamic performances of ribbed channels filled with Al2O3/water based nanofluids in the turbulent regime. Results show increasing heat transfer rates as particle concentrations and Reynolds numbers increase but higher required pumping powers.
8
Chumakov, Sergei, and Christopher J. Rutland. "Dynamic Structure SGS Models for Large Eddy Simulations." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is based on separation of variable of interest into two parts — resolved and unresolved, where resolved parts are obtained numerically using transport equations, and the effect of unresolved parts on resolved is modeled using subgrid-scale (SGS) models. This technique has been successfully applied to variety of problems including simulation of internal combustion engines. In this paper we present and discuss three new LES sub-grid scale (SGS) models for: • SGS scalar flux; • SGS scalar dissipation; • SGS energy dissipation. The proposed models belong to a new family of SGS models — Dynamic Structure (DS) models. The DS models take the structure of the model term from the corresponding Leonard-type term, and a particular form of a scaling factor is then used. The models are evaluated a priori using available DNS data for a non-reacting mixing layer and decaying isotropic turbulence. The evaluation results compare well with viscosity and similarity models. During the a priori tests, the DS models were found do be robust and perform better than dynamic viscosity and similarity models under variety of conditions including different test-to-base filter size ratios and non-symmetric filters. To evaluate the models a posteriori, they are implemented into a high-order finite-difference code and two LES simulations are conducted: an LES of decaying isotropic turbulence and an LES non-reacting incompressible mixing layer. The results from both runs are compared with data available from the literature and DNS simulations.
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Shi, Xinlei, Yunjiang Cui, Sainan Xu, Ruihong Wang, and Hao Zhang. "Determination of Fluid Properties and Reservoir Net Pay Cutoffs by Production Logging and Conventional Logs in Exploration Wells :A Case Study of the Granite Fractured Reservoir in JZ Oilfiled in Bohai Sea." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31347-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Since resistivity logging is much more sensitive to rocks than to hydrocarbons in granite reservoirs, conventional logging methods cannot always accurately evaluate fluid properties and identify pay zones. Drill Stem Test (DST) is often used to identify fluid properties and hydrocarbon production potentials. However, DST in granite reservoirs cannot accurately determine production from sub-layers which leads to inaccurate net pay zone identification and reserve estimation. The accurate determination of fluid properties and net pay zones in fractured granite reservoirs remains a challenging topic. This study proposes the use of Production Profile Logging (PLT)Logging in exploration wells in JZ oilfield characterized by fractured granite reservoirs, where DST could not characterize the sub-layers’ PLTs with in the thick layer of the combined test. With the use of open hole completion test, PLT logging can easily identify the production from sub-layers. The fluid density and water hold-up are consistent with the response of flowmeter logs. The method not only identifies production from sub-layers but also determines fluid properties. Meanwhile, it can quantify the production from each sub-layer according to PLT logging interpretation. It has satisfactory application in productivity evaluation in JZ oilfield. Results indicate that the use of PLT logging in four exploration wells in JZ oilfield is successful. Sub-layers are identified in DST based on PLT logging interpretations of flow rate, density, and water hold-up. The productivity index of each sub-layer is calculated by PLT logging interpretation. Combining lateral resistivity logs with sonic logging data, Draw porosity and ratio of the deep and shallow lateral resistivity plot based on each sub-layer’ production with PLT interpretation Logging results. Net pay cutoffs of JZ oilfield is determined to be φ≥3.0% and (RD/RS) *DT≥90. This method improves the accuracy of reserve evaluation and solves the problem that the estimates of net pay cutoffs are larger than actual values in DST. Compared with DST in fractured granite reservoirs, PLT logging not only leads to accurate determination of fluid properties and identification of net pay cutoffs but also largely reduces the costs. PLT logging is conventionally used to dynamically monitor cased hole wells. The novelty of this study is the successful application of PLT logging in reserve estimation. Compared to the conventional reserve estimation method based on DST, this new strategy accurately identifies net pay zones and determines net pay cutoffs in fractured granites to improve the accuracy of reserve estimation. Thus, the field can be developed more economically when oil prices are low.
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Patterson, D. J., and M. Hoeger. "The Effect of Reynolds Number and Velocity Distribution on LP Turbine Cascade Performance." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because of the laminar boundary-layer’s inability to withstand moderate adverse pressure gradients without separating, profile losses in LP turbines operating at low Reynolds numbers can be high. The choice of design pressure distribution for the blading is thus of great importance. Three sub-sonic LP turbine nozzle-guide-vane cascade profiles have been tested over a wide range of incidence, Mach number and Reynolds number. The three profiles are of low, medium and high deflection and, as such, display significantly different pressure distributions. The tests include detailed boundary-layer traverses, trailing-edge base-pressure monitoring and oil-flow visualisation. It is shown that the loss variation with Reynolds number is a function of pressure distribution and that the trailing-edge loss component is dominant at low Reynolds number. The importance of achieving late flow transition — rather than separation — in the suction-surface trailing-edge region is stressed. The paper concludes by remarking on the advantages and practical implications of each loading design.
Звіти організацій з теми "Sub base layer"
1
Carter, T. R., C. E. Logan, J K Clark, H. A. J. Russell, E. H. Priebe, and S. Sun. A three-dimensional bedrock hydrostratigraphic model of southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A hydrostratigraphic framework has been developed for southern Ontario consisting of 15 hydrostratigraphic units and 3 regional hydrochemical regimes. Using this framework, the 54 layer 3-D lithostratigraphic model has been converted into a 15 layer 3-D hydrostratigraphic model. Layers are expressed as either aquifer or aquitard based principally on hydrogeologic characteristics, in particular the permeability and the occurrence/absence of groundwater when intersected by a water well or petroleum well. Hydrostratigraphic aquifer units are sub-divided into up to three distinct hydrochemical regimes: brines (deep), brackish-saline sulphur water (intermediate), and fresh (shallow). The hydrostratigraphic unit assignment provides a standard nomenclature and definition for regional flow modelling of potable water and deeper fluids. Included in the model are: 1) 3-D hydrostratigraphic units, 2) 3-D hydrochemical fluid zones within aquifers, 3) 3-D representations of oil and natural gas reservoirs which form an integral part of the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, 4) 3-D fluid level surfaces for deep Cambrian brines, for brines and fresh to sulphurous groundwater in the Guelph Aquifer, and the fresh to sulphurous groundwater of the Bass Islands Aquifer and Lucas-Dundee Aquifer, 5) inferred shallow karst, 6) base of fresh water, 7) Lockport Group TDS, and 8) the 3-D lithostratigraphy. The 3-D hydrostratigraphic model is derived from the lithostratigraphic layers of the published 3-D geological model. It is constructed using Leapfrog Works at 400 m grid scale and is distributed in a proprietary format with free viewer software as well as industry standard formats.
2
Nantung, Tommy E., Jusang Lee, John E. Haddock, M. Reza Pouranian, Dario Batioja Alvarez, Jongmyung Jeon, Boonam Shin, and Peter J. Becker. Structural Evaluation of Full-Depth Flexible Pavement Using APT. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fundamentals of rutting behavior for thin full-depth flexible pavements (i.e., asphalt thickness less than 12 inches) are investigated in this study. The scope incorporates an experimental study using full-scale Accelerated Pavement Tests (APTs) to monitor the evolution of each pavement structural layer's transverse profiles. The findings were then employed to verify the local rutting model coefficients used in the current pavement design method, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Four APT sections were constructed using two thin typical pavement structures (seven-and ten-inches thick) and two types of surface course material (dense-graded and SMA). A mid-depth rut monitoring and automated laser profile systems were designed to reconstruct the transverse profiles at each pavement layer interface throughout the process of accelerated pavement deterioration that is produced during the APT. The contributions of each pavement structural layer to rutting and the evolution of layer deformation were derived. This study found that the permanent deformation within full-depth asphalt concrete significantly depends upon the pavement thickness. However, once the pavement reaches sufficient thickness (more than 12.5 inches), increasing the thickness does not significantly affect the permanent deformation. Additionally, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with a dense-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) surface course, most pavement rutting is caused by the deformation of the asphalt concrete, with about half the rutting amount observed within the top four inches of the pavement layers. However, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with an SMA surface course, most pavement rutting comes from the closet sublayer to the surface, i.e., the intermediate layer. The accuracy of the MEPDG’s prediction models for thin full-depth asphalt pavement was evaluated using some statistical parameters, including bias, the sum of squared error, and the standard error of estimates between the predicted and actual measurements. Based on the statistical analysis (at the 95% confidence level), no significant difference was found between the version 2.3-predicted and measured rutting of total asphalt concrete layer and subgrade for thick and thin pavements.
3
Dahv A. V. Kliner, Roger L. Farrow, Jeffrey P. Koplow, and Lew Goldberg. Development of fiber-laser-based laser-induced fluorescence for detection of SO{sub 2}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/751016.
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Hanson, F. E., D. L. Katz, and P. Poirier. Feasibility of a 486 nm Fraunhofer Laser Source Based on a 4F sub 3/2 yields 4I sub 9/2 Neodymium Laser. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250851.
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Leemans, W. P., P. Volfbeyn, and M. Zolotorev. Laser based sub-picosecond electron bunch characterization using 90{degree} Thomson scattering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505356.
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Dr. Ingrid Eisgruber. Manufacturable CuIn(Ga)Se{sub 2}-based solar cells via development of co-sputtered CuInSe{sub 2} absorber layers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764593.
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Wright, E. L. J., and R. Nazikian. A linear systems description of the CO{sub 2} laser based tangential imaging system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10111078.
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Goldstein, N., S. C. Richtsmeier, J. Lee, F. Bien, G. J. Fetzer, and K. W. Groff. A comparison of NH{sub 3} point monitoring and diode laser based path integrated measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117878.
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van Dam, Johannes, and Marie Christine Anastasi. Male circumcision and HIV prevention: Directions for future research. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2000.1000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A growing body of scientific publications suggests that male circumcision is associated with reduced risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, male circumcision is being considered as a potential intervention in the prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection, even though this procedure has profound cultural implications and carries the risk of complications, and its benefits are realized only many years later. This report presents the findings of a meeting of international researchers, organized by the Horizons Project to explore the programmatic and research implications of the association between male circumcision and HIV prevention. Most studies on male circumcision and HIV infection have been done in Africa, and the discussion focuses largely on this continent. The conclusions and recommendations from the meeting, however, may be relevant for other parts of the world. Based on the discussion, participants determined that there is considerable evidence supporting a protective effect of male circumcision on HIV infection in men in sub-Saharan Africa. Participants also concluded that there are many unknowns.
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Olsen, L. C. Investigation of polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe{sub 2} solar cells based on ZnSe and ZnO buffer layers. Final report, February 16, 1992--November 15, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266650.
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