Готові списки джерел за темами / Sturtian

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sturtian"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sturtian"

Park, Yuem, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, Scott A. MacLennan, Adam C. Maloof, Mulubrhan Gebreslassie, Marissa M. Tremblay, Blair Schoene, et al. "The lead-up to the Sturtian Snowball Earth: Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy time-calibrated by the Tambien Group of Ethiopia." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 17, 2019): 1119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35178.1.

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Abstract The Tonian-Cryogenian Tambien Group of northern Ethiopia is a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence that culminates in glacial deposits associated with the first of the Cryogenian glaciations—the Sturtian “Snowball Earth.” Tambien Group deposition occurred atop arc volcanics and volcaniclastics of the Tsaliet Group. New U-Pb isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) dates demonstrate that the transition between the Tsaliet and Tambien Groups occurred at ca. 820 Ma in western exposures and ca. 795 Ma in eastern exposures, which is consistent with west to east arc migration and deposition in an evolving back-arc basin. The presence of intercalated tuffs suitable for high-precision geochronology within the Tambien Group enable temporal constraints on stratigraphic data sets of the interval preceding, and leading into, the Sturtian glaciation. Recently discovered exposures of Sturtian glacial deposits and underlying Tambien Group strata in the Samre Fold-Thrust Belt present the opportunity to further utilize this unique association of tuffs and carbonate lithofacies. U-Pb ID-TIMS ages from zircons indicate that Tambien Group carbonates were deposited from ca. 820 Ma until 0–2 m.y. before the onset of the Sturtian glaciation, making the group host to a relatively complete carbonate stratigraphy leading into this glaciation. New δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr data and U-Pb ID-TIMS ages from the Tambien Group are used in conjunction with previously published isotopic and geochronologic data to construct newly time-calibrated composite Tonian carbon and strontium isotope curves. Tambien Group δ13C data and U-Pb ID-TIMS ages reveal that a pre-Sturtian sharp negative δ13C excursion (referred to as the Islay anomaly in the literature) precedes the Sturtian glaciation by ∼18 m.y., is synchronous in at least two separate basins, and is followed by a prolonged interval of positive δ13C values. The composite Tonian 87Sr/86Sr curve shows that, following an extended interval of low and relatively invariant values, inferred seawater 87Sr/86Sr rose ca. 880–770 Ma, then subsequently decreased leading up to the ca. 717 Ma initiation of the Sturtian glaciation. These data, when combined with a simple global weathering model and analyses of the timing and paleolatitude of large igneous province eruptions and arc accretion events, suggest that the 87Sr/86Sr increase was influenced by increased subaerial weathering of radiogenic lithologies as Rodinia rifted apart at low latitudes. The following 87Sr/86Sr decrease is consistent with enhanced subaerial weathering of arc lithologies accreting in the tropics over tens of millions of years, lowering pCO2 and contributing to the initiation of the Sturtian glaciation.

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Rooney, Alan D., Chuan Yang, Daniel J. Condon, Maoyan Zhu, and Francis A. Macdonald. "U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology tracks stratigraphic condensation in the Sturtian snowball Earth aftermath." Geology 48, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47246.1.

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Abstract The snowball Earth hypothesis predicts a strong hysteresis resulting in discrete multi-million-year glaciations followed by globally synchronous deglaciation. Here we present new U-Pb zircon and Re-Os sedimentary rock geochronology and Os isotope chemostratigraphy from post-Sturtian sequences in south China to test the synchroneity of deglaciation. High-precision chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U-Pb zircon dates refine the minimum age of deglaciation to 660.98 ± 0.74 Ma, which is ∼2 m.y. older than previously reported. We also provide a new maximum age constraint on the onset of the Marinoan glaciation of 657.17 ± 0.78 Ma. A global compilation of new Os isotope chemostratigraphy reveals a large and systematic trend to unradiogenic values over <1 m of stratigraphy. Together, these data indicate that the Mn-carbonates in south China are not cap carbonates that formed as a response to post-snowball alkalinity, but are authigenic carbonates that formed millions of years after deglaciation. Sturtian cap carbonates tend to be absent or more condensed than their younger Marinoan counterparts. We suggest that this reflects a combination of enhanced accommodation space in early Cryogenian underfilled rift basins, stronger hysteresis, larger ice volume, and/or higher CO2 levels needed for deglaciation of the longer Sturtian glaciation. Further, our findings indicate that the apparent diachroneity of deglaciation can be explained readily as a consequence of stratigraphic condensation, itself due to the large post-Sturtian glacioeustatic transgressive sequence that outpaced shallow-water carbonate deposition.

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Smith, Loren H., Alan J. Kaufman, Andrew H. Knoll, and Paul Karl Link. "Chemostratigraphy of predominantly siliciclastic Neoproterozoic successions: a case study of the Pocatello Formation and Lower Brigham Group, Idaho, USA." Geological Magazine 131, no. 3 (May 1994): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800011079.

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AbstractIsotopic chemostratigraphy has proven successful in the correlation of carbonate-rich Neoproterozoic successions. In successions dominated by siliciclastic rocks, chemostratigraphy can be problematic, but if thin carbonates punctuate siliciclastic strata, useful isotopic data may be obtained. The upper Pocatello Formation and lower Brigham Group of southeastern Idaho provide an opportunity to assess the potential and limitations of isotopic chemostratigraphy in overwhelmingly siliciclastic successions. The 5000 m thick succession consists predominantly of siliciclastic lithologies, with only three intervals that contain thin intercalated carbonates. Its depositional age is only broadly constrained by existing biostratigraphic, sequence stratigraphic and geochronometric data. The lowermost carbonates include a cap dolomite atop diamictites and volcanic rocks of the Pocatello Formation. The δ13C values of these carbonates are distinctly negative ( −5 to −3), similar to carbonates that overlie Neoproterozoic glaciogenic rocks worldwide. Stratigraphically higher carbonates record a major positive δ13C excursion to values as high as +8.8 within the carbonate member of the Caddy Canyon Quartzite. The magnitude of this excursion is consistent with post-Sturtian secular variation recorded elsewhere in the North American Cordillera, Australia, Svalbard, Brazil and Namibia, and exceeds the magnitude of any post-Varanger δ13C excursion documented to date. In most samples, Sr-isotopic abundances have been altered by diagenesis and greenschist facies metamorphism, but a least-altered value of approximately 0.7076 supports a post-Sturtian and pre-Marinoan/Varanger age for upper Pocatello and lower Brigham rocks that lie above the Pocatello diamictite. Thus, even though available chemostratigraphic data are limited, they corroborate correlations of Pocatello Formation diamictites and overlying units with Sturtian glaciogenic rocks and immediately post-Sturtian successions in western North America and elsewhere.

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Goddéris, Y., Y. Donnadieu, A. Nédélec, B. Dupré, C. Dessert, A. Grard, G. Ramstein, and L. M. François. "The Sturtian ‘snowball’ glaciation: fire and ice." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 211, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00197-3.

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MacLennan, Scott A., Michael P. Eddy, Arthur J. Merschat, Akshay K. Mehra, Peter W. Crockford, Adam C. Maloof, C. Scott Southworth, and Blair Schoene. "Geologic evidence for an icehouse Earth before the Sturtian global glaciation." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (June 2020): eaay6647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6647.

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Snowball Earth episodes, times when the planet was covered in ice, represent the most extreme climate events in Earth’s history. Yet, the mechanisms that drive their initiation remain poorly constrained. Current climate models require a cool Earth to enter a Snowball state. However, existing geologic evidence suggests that Earth had a stable, warm, and ice-free climate before the Neoproterozoic Sturtian global glaciation [ca. 717 million years (Ma) ago]. Here, we present eruption ages for three felsic volcanic units interbedded with glaciolacustrine sedimentary rocks from southwest Virginia, USA, that demonstrate that glacially influenced sedimentation occurred at tropical latitudes ca. 751 Ma ago. Our findings are the first geologic evidence of a cool climate teetering on the edge of global glaciation several million years before the Sturtian Snowball Earth.

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MAMBWE, Pascal, Franck DELPOMDOR, Sébastien LAVOIE, Philippe MUKONKI, Jacques BATUMIKE, and Philippe MUCHEZ. "Sedimentary evolution and stratigraphy of the ~765–740 Ma Kansuki-Mwashya platform succession in the Tenke-Fungurume Mining District, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Geologica Belgica 23, no. 1-2 (July 3, 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.022.

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The origin of the Mwashya Conglomerate at the base of the Mwashya Subgroup in the Lufilian Belt is uncertain since it is considered as either a tectonic or as a sedimentary breccia. At Tenke Fungurume Mining District (TFMD) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Mwashya Conglomerate is marked by an iron-bearing polymictic conglomerate embedded between the Kansuki and Kamoya formations. In this paper, the Kansuki-Mwashya platform succession at TFMD was investigated to shed light on the origin of this conglomerate, the depositional evolution and the tectonostratigraphic framework of the platform. Lithofacies analysis revealed that the Mwashya Conglomerate is a periglacial olistostrome, which was formed around ~765–745 Ma. A pre-Sturtian age for this conglomerate is supported by the Kamoya Formation, which is here interpreted as a post-glacial cap carbonate sequence. The Kansuki-Mwashya platform succession consists of a protected coastal lagoon adjacent to a tidal flat environment, both bordered by a barrier shoal. This paper concludes that the Kansuki-Mwashya platform succession was driven by rifting pulses, occurring gravity flows on instable slope, superimposed upon the ~750–717 Ma long-lasting Sturtian glacial period.

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Lechte, Maxwell, and Malcolm Wallace. "Sub–ice shelf ironstone deposition during the Neoproterozoic Sturtian glaciation." Geology 44, no. 11 (September 12, 2016): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g38495.1.

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Le Heron, D. P. "The significance of ice-rafted debris in Sturtian glacial successions." Sedimentary Geology 322 (June 2015): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.04.001.

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Busfield, M. E., and D. P. Le Heron. "Sequencing the Sturtian icehouse: dynamic ice behaviour in South Australia." Journal of the Geological Society 171, no. 3 (January 30, 2014): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2013-067.

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Lindsay, J. F., M. D. Brasier, G. Shields, V. V. Khomentovsky, and Y. A. Bat-Ireedui. "Glacial facies associations in a Neoproterozoic back-arc setting, Zavkhan Basin, western Mongolia." Geological Magazine 133, no. 4 (July 1996): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800007561.

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AbstractDiamictites, many of glacial origin, are globally distributed in the Neoproterozoic. Recently, two relatively thin diamictites in the Maikhan Uul Member at the base of the Neoproterozoic Tsagaan Oloom Formation from the Zavkhan Basin of western Mongolia have been identified as being of glacial origin. The Mongolian diamictites form a series of backstepping units within the transgressive systems tract of two major depositional sequences associated with sea-level changes. In each case the diamictites of the transgressive systems tract are abruptly overlain by deeper water, upward shoaling highstand systems tracts consisting of thinly bedded sandstones and shales in sequence 1 and thinly bedded, dark carbonates in sequence 3. The fact that the sequences conform closely to depositional models established at other localities suggests that all are related to major ice ages and that the depositional sequences they have generated provide a valuable tool for global correlation in this part of the stratigraphic column. Available stratigraphic and isotope geochemical information presented by Brasier et al. (1996, this issue) suggests that both diamictites are likely to be of Sturtian age. A riftogenic setting and Sturtian age for the diamictites provide a link with eastern Australia and western America. It is possible, therefore, that these diamictites formed during the breakup of a supercontinental assembly including Siberia, Australia and Laurentia c. 750–725 Ma BP.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Sturtian"

Bishop, C. M. B. "Descent into the Cryogenian; secular trends in seawater chemistry offer insights into pre-Sturtian paleoenvironments." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130471.

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This item is only available electronically.
The Tonian was a remarkable period in Earth’s history, experiencing dramatic changes in the Earth system that resulted in a series of global climatic catastrophes, ultimately leading to marked changes in the biosphere. The break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have had a profound impact on the Earth system during the Tonian, ultimately resulting in the ~58 million-year deep freeze of the Sturtian glaciation. Increased continental margins and the weathering of vast continental flood basalts, promoting high levels of primary productivity, were large players in the drawdown of atmospheric CO2, the chemical implications of which resonate through Tonian ocean chemistry. The laterally extensive Skillogalee and Myrtle Springs Formations, within the Burra Group sediments of South Australia, span a pre-Sturtian carbonate succession that offer further insights into late Tonian paleo-environments. High resolution geochemical trends throughout the Skillogalee and Myrtle Springs Formations display evidence of a shift from a restricted to a more open marine setting, that was met with a flux of hydrothermally influenced waters. A hydrothermal flux through underlying basalts likely accounts for the enigmatic widespread deposition of sedimentary magnesites throughout the Skillogalee Formation. The longevity and regional reproducibility of significant europium anomalies suggests that a mafic mantle flux endured throughout Burra Group sedimentation. Cerium anomalies, supported by Zn/Fe ratios, evince open marine seawaters were largely dysoxic throughout the late Tonian, constraining Neoproterozoic oxygenation to post-Sturtian. Neodymium isotopes in Burra Group marine waters display a rise towards primitive endmembers, reflecting a mafic weathering flux, induced, no doubt, by the break-up of Rodinia. High levels of organic carbon burial are coupled with pronounced mafic weathering, detailing a mass drawdown of CO2 throughout Burra Group sedimentation during the late Tonian, hereby also holding important ramifications for the instatement of the Cryogenian glaciations.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2018

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Petterson, Ryan. "I. Glaciagenic and Related Strata of the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation in the Panamint Range, Death Valley Region, California. II. The Basal Ediacaran Noonday Formation, Eastern California, and Implications for Laurentian Equivalents. III. Rifting of Southwest Laurentia During the Sturtian-Marinoan Interglacial: The Argenta Orogeny." Thesis, 2009. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/1615/1/PETTERSON_THESIS.pdf.

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I. Glacigenic deposits in the Death Valley region occur within the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation. In the Panamint Range, immediately west of Death Valley, these strata are ≥1000 m thick and are continuously exposed for nearly 100 km along the strike of the range. Although these strata are variably metamorphosed and locally exhibit pronounced ductile strain, original sedimentary textures are well preserved throughout the range. Diamictic strata occur in two distinct intervals, a lower one comprising the Limekiln Spring and Surprise Members, and an upper one known as the Wildrose Sub-member of the South Park Member. Each of these intervals are succeeded by well defined cap carbonates, which, from oldest to youngest, are the Sourdough Member of the Kingston Peak and the Sentinel Peak Member of the overlying Noonday Formation. Between the two glacial successions, the Sourdough and sub-Wildrose South Park units comprise a ~300 m thick interglacial succession that includes platform carbonate deposition. Sparse lonestones and striated clasts, along with the impressive lateral continuity of diamictic units, support a glacial origin. Chemostratigraphic profiles of δ13C through the Sourdough (-3‰ to +2‰, increasing upward) and Sentinel Peak (-3‰ +/- 1‰) suggest correlation with the Sturtian and Marinoan caps, respectively. Potentially economic U deposits (secondary brannerite) occur in graphitic schists of the Limekiln Spring Member and sub-economic U and Th (hosted by detrital monazite) occur within quartz-pebble conglomerates in the South Park Member. The strata contain no fossils, radiometric age control, or primary magnetizations.

II. The Neoproterozoic-Cambrian succession in the Death Valley region of SW Laurentia is among the best exposed and easily accessible in the world, and comprises one of the most complete sections in Laurentia. The largest single exposure of these strata occurs in the Panamint Range on the west flank of Death Valley, but this area has received little attention in comparison to numerous exposures to the east of Death Valley, primarily because of structural complexity and metamorphism. The eastern strata, although unmetamorphosed, occur in isolated fault-bounded exposures and are relatively thin and incomplete compared to the Panamint stratigraphy. These factors, combined with a lack of fossil or radiometric age control, has hindered confident regional correlation, as well as placement in the context of hallmark Neoproterozoic events observed in the South Australian, Namibian and other successions around the globe. New geological mapping, measured sections and high-resolution C-isotope data reported here from the Noonday Formation in the Panamint Range delineate its regional stratigraphic architecture and establish its age through correlation with section with radiometric age control. Carbon isotopic trends in the Panamint Range match to within 1-2‰ reproducibility previous results obtained for correlative strata in the eastern sections, indicating that metamorphism did not significantly alter C isotopic ratios.

The combined lithostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data form the basis for a revised, more complete stratigraphic framework for the Noonday Formation. A composite section shows that, where most complete, the Noonday consists of three members, from the base upward, the Sentinel Peak, Radcliff, and Mahogany Flats members. New mapping and chemostratigraphic data permit robust regional correlation of a thin dolostone marker horizon at the base of the Noonday in the Panamint Range as little as 2 m thick (Sentinel Peak Member) with a tube-bearing microbial dolostone in the eastern Death Valley region more than 200 m thick. The data also reveal that the Radcliff Member is bounded by disconformable surfaces and their correlative conformities. These surfaces are recognizable throughout the region and are used to construct a regionally unified stratigraphic nomenclature.

A key finding of this study is the construction of a chemostratigraphic profile spanning most of Noonday time. This was greatly aided by the discovery of carbonatebearing strata in the lower part of the Radcliff Member in the Tucki Mountain area of the Panamints, and relating their stratigraphic position to upper Radcliff and younger Noonday strata in the Wildrose Canyon area. The chemostratigraphic profile is a remarkable match for the Maiberg cap carbonate sequence in Namibia, including the decline to a minimum at -5‰, a recovery to near 0‰, and then subsequent decline to -2‰. Globally, profiles through many post-Marinoan sequences are either too condensed or lack sufficient carbonate to record these features, including the sections in the eastern Death Valley region. (Halverson et al. 2005). As such, the Panamint profiles represent the first relatively complete record of the post-Marinoan C-isotopic recovery outside of southern Africa. Correlation of these curves (1) firmly places the Noonday at the base of the Ediacaran Period, (2) indicates deposition of ~200 m of Sentinel Peak and Radcliff strata occurred between 635 and 632 Ma, (3) supports the hypothesis that the Wildrose Diamictite of the Kingston Peak Formation, which lies in sharp contact below the Sentinel Peak Member, represents at least part of the Marinoan glacial interval; (4) helps identify correlative cap carbonate sequences in key Laurentian sections, which include the Ravensthroat Formation in the MacKenzie Mountains, dolostones capping the upper diamictite of the Pocatello Formation in eastern Idaho, and the middle part of the Mina el Mezquite Formation in Sonora. The Noonday C-isotopic profile confirms that the details of relatively rapid, complex variations in ocean chemistry observed in basal Ediacaran strata in Namibia are globally reproducible.

III. The Kingston Peak Formation in the Panamint Range represents the stratigraphically most complete section of Cryogenian strata along the SW margin of Laurentia. Two glacigenic diamictites and their associated cap carbonates, the older Surprise Member and Sourdough Member and the younger Wildrose Member and Noonday Formation (Sentinel Peak Member), provide timing constraints to bracket the inter-glacial succession to between ca. 713 Ma and 635 Ma, the ages of inferred correlative glacial cap carbonate rocks dated elsewhere. This timing constraint is further strengthened by the presence of a sharp decline in C isotopes in the Thorndike Member, which occurs immediately beneath the Wildrose Member; this decline is readily correlated with the global Trezona anomaly.

Within the inter-glacial succession, new mapping in the northern Panamints has documented the presence of a previously unrecognised suite of coarse sedimentary rocks herein defined as the Argenta Member of the Kingston Peak Formation. The Argenta consists largely of poorly-sorted breccias and conglomerates containing an assemblage of gravel-sized clasts dominated by granitic gneiss, schist, feldspar augens, vein quartz and quartzite fragments, and locally carbonate rocks. These compositions indicate derivation from a basement provenance and record deposition in alluvial-fan to coarse-braided fluvial settings; their textural and compositional immaturity implies relatively short distances of transport. Mapping shows that the Argenta defines wedge-shaped packages as much as 200 m thick and that the base of the Argenta is a significant angular unconformity. Combined, these features are evidence that deposition occurred during a phase of extensional tectonism interpreted as recording the initial dismemberment of the Rodinia supercontinent. Best estimates place the timing of this tectonism at ca. 650 – 700 Ma.

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Vermaak, Pieter Johannes. "Die voedingswaarde van sommige Atriplex spesies en Cassia sturtii vir herkouers (Afrikaans)." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27389.

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In dié studie is sekere aspekte van voedingswaarde van droogtebestandegewasse, tussen twee seisoene en op drie verskillende lokaliteite nl Hatfield, Mier en Lovedale, geondersoek. Die spesies wat met mekaar vergelyk is, was: C. sturtii, A. nummularia, A. halimus A. canescens(Santa Rita), A. canescens (Veldreservaat 1), en A. canescens(Rincon). Die twee seisoene was herfs en winter. Uit dié resultate kan die volgende afleiding gemaak word:betekenisvolle(P < 0.05) laer blaar-totstamverhouding gedurende die winter as die herfs kon by die onderskeie proefpersele van, C. sturtii en A. canescens (Veld 1)(Hatfield); A. canescens(Veld 1) en A. canescens(Rincon)(Mier); A. canescens(Veld 1) en A. canescens(Santa Rita)(Lovedale), waargeneem word. In teenstelling met die bogenoemde bevindinge het A. nummularia(Lovedale) betekenisvol (P < 0.05) hoër blaar-totstamverhouding in die winter as die herfs gehad. Vir A. canescens (Santa Rita) het die Mier proefperseel betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) hoër blaar-tot-stamverhouding as die ander twee lokaliteite getoon. By al drie proefpersele, vir alle spesies, is die blaar RP % sowel as die IVDMV % van die blare betekenisvol (P < 0.05) hoër as dié van stamme. Vir al die spesies geoes by Mier, was die NBV % in die winter betekenisvol (P < 0.05) hoër as in die herfs. C. sturtii (Lovedale) het geen betekenisvolle (P > 0.05) verskille in die chemiese samestelling tussen seisoene getoon nie, terwyl die ander spesies wel betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) verskille getoon het. Slegs in die geval van A. nummularia kon betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) verskille in IVDMV % tussen lokaliteite waargeneem word. Indien die tempo van degradasie (c) gedurende die herfs by Hatfield geoes, tussen spesies vergelyk word, het A. canescens (Veld 1)betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) hoër c-waarde as dié vanaf A. nummularia en A.canescens (Santa Rita) gehad. Slegs monsters op Hatfield gedurende die herfs geoes kon betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) verskille in PD tussen A. canescens (Veld1) en A. nummularia waargeneem word. Slegs by Mier, in die herfs, het A. nummularia betekenisvol(P < 0.05) hoër ED as A. canescens (Veld 1) gehad. Vir wintermonsters kon geen betekenisvolle (P > 0.05) verskille in die c-waarde tussen spesies en lokaliteite waargeneem word nie. Wintermonsters, geneem te Mier, het A. canescens (Veld 1) betekenisvol (P < 0.05) laer PD as die ander spesies gehad, terwyl by Lovedale het A. canescens(Santa Rita) betekenisvol (P < 0.05) laer PD as die ander spesies gehad. A. nummularia het betekenisvol (P < 0.05) hoër ED as die ander spesies, by Mier en Lovedale, vir monsters wat gedurende winter geoes is, gehad. Wanneer gasproduksiewaardes tussen spesies vergelyk word, het A. canescens (Veld 1) betekenisvol (P < 0.05) minder gas as die ander spesies, vir inkubasie tye 20,30 en 44 ure, geproduseer. Betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) verskille in die a-waarde kon tussen die hoë C. sturtii en die lae A. canescens. (Santa Rita), maar nie tussen die ander spesies, waargeneem word. Betekenisvollen (P < 0.05) verskille in die b-waarde kon tussen: C. sturtii (145.1 ml/g DM), A. canescens (Veld 1)(127.9 ml/g DM)en A. canescens (Rincon)(164.9 ml/g DM) waargeneem word. Betekenisvolle verskille (P < 0.05) in die tempo van gasproduksie kon net tussen die hoë C. sturtii (0.086/h) en die lae A. canescens (Santa Rita)(0.065/h) waargeneem word. Betekenisvolle (P < 0.05) verskille in die potensiële gasproduksie (a + b) kon tussen: C. sturtii, A. canescens. (Veld 1) en A. canescens (Rincon) waargeneem word. Droogtebestande gewasse kan as medium tot lae kwaliteit voerbronne beskou word,wat op strategiese tye(droogte tye) benut kan word. ENGLISH : The nutritive value of four drought tolerant crops were investigated at three localities during two seasons. The species which have been compared, were C. sturtii, A. nummularia, A. halimus, A. canescens (Santa Rita), A. canescens (Field reserve 1), and (Rincon). The two seasons were autumn and winter. A significantly (P < 0.05) lower leaf-to-stem ratio was recorded for the species 0.05) differences in the chemical composition could be found between the two seasons. Only in the case of A. nummularia could significant (P < 0.05) differences in the IVDMD % be found between localities. A. canescens (Field 1) harvested during autumn at Hatfield, had a significantly higher rate of passage(c) than A. nummularia and A. canescens (Santa Rita). Samples harvested at Hatfield in autumn also produced significant (P < 0.05) differences in PD between A. canescens (Field 1) and A .nummularia. Mier was the only sampling site where significantly (P < 0.05) higher (A. nummualaria) and lower (A. canescens(Field1)) ED were observed for samples taken during autumn. No significant (P > 0.05) differences in the rate of passage (c) were observed between species or sampling sites for samples taken during the winter. Winter samples taken from A. canescens (Field 1) at Mier and A. canescens (Santa Rita) taken from Lovedale, showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower PD than the other species. A. nummularia had significantly (P < 0.05) higher ED than the other species harvested at Mier and Lovedale, during winter. When gas production values between species were compared it was clear that A. canescens (Field1) produced significantly (P < 0.05) less gas compared to the other species at incubation times of 20, 30 and 44 hours. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in the a-values were also observed between the high C. sturtii and the low A. canescens (Santa Rita) values. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in the b-value were observed between C. sturtii (145.1ml/g DM), A. canescens (Field 1)(127.9 ml/g DM) and A. canescens (Rincon)(164ml/g DM). C. sturtii (0.086/h) and A. canescens (Santa Rita)(0.065/h) were the only species that differed significantly (P < 0.05) in terms of the rate of passage(c). Significant (P < 0.05) differences in the potential gas production (a + b) were observed between C.sturtii, A. canescens (Field 1) and A. canescens (Rincon). Drought resistant crops can be considered as a medium to low quality source of fodder which can be used at strategic times, especially during periods of drought. Copyright
Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
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Tucker, Jacqueline. "Nutritive value of Cassia sturtii, Sutherlandia microphylla and Medicago sativa for sheep." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28320.

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The aim of this study was to assess the potential nutritive value for sheep, of two drought tolerant leguminous shrubs (Cassia sturtii and Sutherlandia microphylla) in terms of chemical composition, degradation parameters, digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, intake, microbial nitrogen synthesis and nitrogen balance as well as the rumen kinetics when compared to that of Medicago sativa. The crude ash concentration of all three forages differs, with S. microphylla and C. sturtii lower than M. sativa. M. sativa has a crude ash concentration almost twice the amount of both S. microphylla and C. sturtii. Wilcock et al., (2004) reported ash values for C. sturtii stems and leaves of 53 and 73 g/kg and that of S. microphylla at 25 and 64g/kg respectively. Values for C. sturtii are lower while those of S. microphylla compare well to the average of the whole plant. The mean CP and CF concentration differed between species with C. sturtii having the lowest CP and M. sativa the highest. S. microphylla had the highest CF while M. sativa had the lowest. The NDF and ADF levels of the samples varied between all three species with S. microphylla being the highest and M. sativa the lowest. Values for C. sturtii were in between those of the two other forages. The ADL concentration of S. microphylla was higher than both C. sturtii and M. sativa. The degree of lignification in C. sturtii was high (23.8% of NDF was ADL). The degree of lignification of S. microphylla was 26.8%, which is higher than that of C. sturtii, while M. sativa is the same as C. sturtii. The calcium concentrations of C. sturtii and M. sativa are similar and have a higher concentration than S. microphylla. M. sativa and C. sturtii had a higher phosphorus concentration than S. microphylla. With respect to magnesium (Mg), C. sturtii and M. sativa have a similar composition while S. microphylla has a lower concentration. The iron concentration of all three plants differs, with M. sativa having the lowest concentration and C. sturtii the highest. The copper concentrations in M. sativa and C. sturtii were similar, while that of S. microphylla was slightly lower. The zinc concentrations in M. sativa and C. sturtii were similar, while that of S. microphylla was slightly higher. Manganese concentration of all three species differs, with C sturtii being the lowest and S. microphylla the highest. The plants from this trial were analysed for selenium but none or very insignificant levels were found and were not worth reporting. The apparent DM digestibility of S. microphylla is significantly lower than M. sativa while it did not differ significantly from C. sturtii. C. sturtii did not differ significantly from both M. sativa and S. microphylla. The CP digestibility of all three species did not differ significantly, however that of M. sativa is numerically higher. With regards to the apparent NDF digestibility, C. sturtii and S. microphylla differ significantly to M. sativa with lower NDF digestibility values. The apparent OM digestibility followed the same trend as that of apparent DM digestibility. The average intake was very different between species, with C. sturtii being the lowest and M. sativa the highest. The animals consuming either C. sturtii or S. microphylla tended to lose body weight during the experimental period, while those eating M. sativa gained body weight. Voluntary intake parameters of C. sturtii and S. microphylla were lower and differed significantly between M. sativa. The DM intake of M. sativa was higher than both C. sturtii and S. microphylla. The ME was the highest for M. sativa while S. microphylla was significantly different and had the lowest value. C. sturtii had an ME value similar to both M. sativa and S. microphylla. The ME intake of S. microphylla was 2.89 MJ/day compared to that of M. sativa of 8.57 MJ/day. Rumen NH3-N concentrations of C. sturtii were the lowest and differed significantly from S. microphylla and M. sativa. Sheep receiving C. sturtii had the lowest total rumen VFA concentration and was significantly different from M. sativa which had the highest value. S. microphylla had a similar total VFA concentration to both C. sturtii and M. sativa. C. sturtii had the lowest proportion of acetate but did not differ significantly compared to S. microphylla, while both were significantly different to M. sativa, which had the highest value. The propionate concentration for all three forages did not differ significantly. S. microphylla had the highest fibre concentration, therefore leading to higher acetate concentrations than C. sturtii but not higher than M. sativa, suggesting the fibre of S. microphylla is less digestible. This is supported by the low apparent NDF digestibility for S. microphylla. Nitrogen intake was highest for M. sativa and was significantly different from C. sturtii and S. microphylla. The same trend followed for faecal and urinary nitrogen output as well as nitrogen retention. The nitrogen retention for all species was positive with C. sturtii being the lowest. These values compare well to the CP content of the three forages with C. sturtii the lowest and M. sativa the highest concentration. The daily urinary allantoin elimination did not differ between C. sturtii and S. microphylla but was significantly different and higher for M. sativa. The amount of microbial nitrogen supplied to the animal (g/day and g/kg DOMI) followed the same trend as allantoin. M. sativa had significantly higher a-values (soluble fraction) for both DM and NDF degradation compared to the two shrub species at a rate constant of 0.02/h. C. sturtii had a higher b-value (potentially degradable fraction) for DM degradation compared to S. microphylla which shows that S. microphylla DM component was most readily soluble. For NDF, however, the b-values didn’t differ among the species. Species had also no effect on the c-values (rate of degradation of the potentially degradable fraction b) of both DM and NDF. Therefore all species appear to have a similar potential source of energy for use by micro-organisms in the rumen. Effective DM degradability of C. sturtii and S. microphylla was similar while that of M. sativa was significantly higher. The effective NDF degradability for C. sturtii and S. microphylla was similar and M. sativa again had a significantly higher NDF degradability. The rumen DM degradability for all three species showed a similar trend but much higher values than the apparent DM digestibility. The rumen NDF degradability values were almost identical to those reported for apparent NDF digestibility. The rate of intake and rate of digestion for C. sturtii and S. microphylla did not differ significantly, while that of M. sativa was the highest and significantly different. The rate of passage for all three species was similar. The percent NDF digested in the rumen differed significantly between all three species with C. sturtii being the lowest and M. sativa the highest. The percent NDF passing from the rumen also differed significantly between all three species, however this time C. sturtii being the highest and M. sativa the lowest, which corresponds well to the values for NDF digested in the rumen. It is concluded that C. sturtii and S. microphylla are of a slightly lower nutritional value for sheep than M. sativa. If these two leguminous fodder species were to be used as maintenance feed, some other supporting source of energy would need to be supplied in order for these sheep to be maintained over a long period. The negative effect of all fibre related parameters (CF, NDF, ADF and ADL) in C. sturtii and S. microphylla, reduced digestibility as well as intake, leading to a forage of lower nutrient value as compared to M. sativa. The effect of anti-nutritional factors present in C. sturtii and S. microphylla on the digestibility of forages and nutrient contribution from forages needs to be studied to determine if these play a role in reducing the nutritional value. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
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Wilcock, Trove Elizabeth. "Use of selected fodder shrubs in the reclamation of degraded arid rangelands." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27304.

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Aspects, which influence the choice of species for the rehabilitation of degraded arid areas, were studied. Although only one trial was established in the target area (transition area between the Succulent and Nama Karoo) seed of the indigenous species used was collected from this area. In the initial trials the effect of rumen digestion on the germination of fodder shrubs was observed. Species included the exotic Atriplex nummularia and Cassia sturtii, and the indigenous Sutherlandia microphylla, Tetragonia calycina, Tripteris sinuatum and Salsola glabrescens. No seed of T. calycina germinated. In T. sinuatum and S. glabrescens rumen digestion prevented germination while in the other species percentage germination was reduced. In the establishment trial with A. nummularia and C. sturtti, on a bare area onfarm, in the arid Northern Cape Province, no seed germinated. Observations showed that, for both species, protection is essential, where the risk of herbivory is high. Of the two species, C. sturtti shrubs appeared to be more drought tolerant. A further trial addressed the intra-species variation in the palatability of A. nummularia. Established shrubs of the F1 “elite” generation were browsed by sheep. The most palatable shrubs were identified and seed from these shrubs will be used to produce seedlings that will go into further selection trials. The final section of this study was a comparison, in terms of quantity, quality and re-growth, of C. sturtii, T. sinuatum and S. microphylla, at, and subsequent to, five different harvest dates. In the first three harvests no significant differences were observed in the total plant material produced, between the three species. In Harvest 5 both indigenous species had produced more edible material (leaf and <3mm stem material) than C. sturtii. The edible material of Harvests 1, 3 and 5, was analysed for crude protein content, in vitro digestibility and mineral concentrations. All three species had sufficient crude protein as well as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, to meet maintenance requirements of sheep. Trace minerals, manganese and copper, were present in adequate amounts and toxicity could be more of a concern. The concentrations of zinc in all three species, however, were only sufficient in material obtained in Harvests 1 and 3. Re-growth of all shrubs 21 weeks after Harvest 5 was assessed in terms of survival, healthiness, leafiness, volume and dry matter production. C. sturtii shrubs harvested at a later stage in the initial trial had the best survival. For most re-growth periods, C. sturtii shrubs also appeared healthier and leafier than the indigenous species. S. microphylla seedlings had, however, established in the S. microphylla plots, which was a plus for that species. Copyright
Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Книги з теми "Sturtian"

Gilbert, Dennis. Brightly gleams our banner: Methodism at Sturton-by-Stow, nr. Lincoln. Sturton-by-Stow: Sturton-by-Stow Methodist Church, 1987.

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Jessop, William R. H. Flindersland and Sturtland or the Inside and Outside of Australia: In Two Volumes. Sturtland; Volume 2. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2015.

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Частини книг з теми "Sturtian"

Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Gossypium sturtianum J.H.Willis." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 618. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_2013.

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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Hibiscus sturtii Hook." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 625–26. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_2033.

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Brookfield, Michael E., Mario Coniglio, Susan Glasauer, and Reuben Rieu. "Petrology, Elemental and Isotope Geochemistry and Geomicrobiology of Carbonate Infillings and Biofilms Lining Cracks Below the Neoproterozoic (Sturtian) Cap Carbonate in the Mirbat Inlier, Southernmost Oman." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 525–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0397-1_23.

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"Sturtian Glaciation." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2400. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_101097.

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"Sturtian Glaciation." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1613. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_3146.

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Dehler, Carol M., Douglas A. Sprinkel, and Susannah M. Porter. "Neoproterozoic Uinta Mountain Group of northeastern Utah: Pre-Sturtian geographic, tectonic, and biologic evolution." In GSA Field Guide 6: Interior Western United States, 1–25. Geological Society of America, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2005.fld006(01).

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Crossing, A. R., and V. A. Gostin. "Isotopic signatures of carbonates associated with Sturtian (Neoproterozoic) glacial facies, central Flinders Ranges, South Australia." In Earth's Glacial Record, 165–75. Cambridge University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511628900.013.

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Keeley, Joshua A., and Paul K. Link. "Middle Cryogenian (“Sturtian”) Pocatello Formation: Field relations on Oxford Mountain and the Portneuf area, southeast Idaho." In Geologic Field Trips to the Basin and Range, Rocky Mountains, Snake River Plain, and Terranes of the U.S. Cordillera, 167–82. Geological Society of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2011.0021(07).

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Young, G. M., and V. A. Gostin. "Late Proterozoic (Sturtian) succession of the North Flinders Basin, South Australia; An example of temperate glaciation in an active rift setting." In Geological Society of America Special Papers, 207–22. Geological Society of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe261-p207.

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Brennan, Daniel T., David M. Pearson, Paul K. Link, and Jacob Milton. "Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphic framework for central Idaho: Windermere Supergroup in the northern sector of the U.S. Cordillera." In Laurentia: Turning Points in the Evolution of a Continent. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1220(23).

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ABSTRACT The Windermere Supergroup in southern British Columbia and its correlatives (such as the Pocatello Formation and lower Brigham Group in southeastern Idaho) along the western North American Cordilleran margin are an archetype of Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectonic, sedimentary, and climatic processes. The central Idaho portion of the margin remains relatively understudied when compared to regions to the south in southeastern Idaho or to the north in northeastern Washington. This is in part a legacy of early workers, who identified the absence of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian strata in east-central Idaho across the Lemhi arch. However, Neoproterozoic and Cambrian rocks are indeed present west of the Lemhi arch within the central Idaho section of the Cordillera. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of these strata within central Idaho and correlate the Pocatello Formation and Brigham Group rocks from northern Utah/southeastern Idaho through central Idaho to northeastern Washington. We also provide new constraints that link Cambrian strata from central Idaho across the Lemhi arch to southwestern Montana. Collectively, this emerging tectono-stratigraphic framework suggests extensive, some likely diachronous, stratigraphic boundaries and magmatic events relating to (1) widespread rifting ca. 720–680 Ma; (2) early and late Cryogenian (Sturtian and Marinoan) glacial sedimentation; (3) base-level drawdown and formation of incised valleys, previously correlated to the Marinoan glacial interval, but which now appear to be younger (ca. 600 Ma) and perhaps related to tectonic activity; (4) onset of the Sauk I transgression 560–530(?) Ma; (5) the ca. 515 Ma Sauk II lowstand, perhaps related to final rifting in southern Laurentia; and (6) the Sauk III lowstand coeval with exhumation of 500–490 Ma Beaverhead plutons within the Lemhi arch. Magmatism occurred ca. 680 Ma, 660 Ma, 600 Ma, and 500 Ma, providing age ties. These observations suggest that Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic strata in the central Idaho sector of the North American Cordillera record similar processes and sedimentation as strata elsewhere along the margin.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sturtian"

van Maldegem, L. M., M. Kipp, J. M. Hope, and J. J. Brocks. "Lipid Biomarkers Reveal a Bacterial Dominated Ecosystem after the Sturtian Glaciation." In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902748.

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Bricker, Hayley, Aradhna Tripati, Ian Foster, Perrin Hagge, Arnaud Agranier, Stefan Lalonde, and Pierre Sansjofre. "Evidence for continental weathering and riverine input during the Sturtian Glaciation." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6611.

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Sarvian, Niloufar, Andrew Jacobson, Matthew Hurtgen, Magdalena Osburn, and Adam C. Maloof. "Radiogenic and Stable Sr Isotope Records Preceding the Sturtian Snowball Earth Event." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2285.

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Yang, Chuan, Daniel Condon, Maoyan Zhu, Xian-Hua Li, and Chunlin Hu. "NEW ZIRCON U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY ON THE STURTIAN DEGLACIATION IN SOUTH CHINA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321966.

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Wang, Xubin. "The rapid recovery of marine productivity after the Sturtian Snowball Earth glaciation." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5533.

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Taylor, Holly, Anthony Dosseto, Juraj Farkas, Grant Cox, and Kelsey Lamothe. "The Aftermath of the Sturtian Glaciation: Reconstructing Palaeo- Seawater Chemistry and Silicate Weathering." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2572.

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Clavijo Arcos, Rolando E., Matthew Clarkson, Derek Vance, Alcides N. Sial, Marius N. Müller, and Netta Shalev. "Magnesium and Uranium isotope composition of the Sturtian Jacoca Formation cap dolomite, Brazil." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.4210.

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Wang, Ping, Yuansheng Du, Yuansheng Du, Thomas J. Algeo, Thomas J. Algeo, Wenchao Yu, Wenchao Yu, et al. "POST-STURTIAN SULFUR ISOTOPE ANOMALIES IN THE NANHUA BASIN, SOUTH CHINA RELATED TO UPWARD H2S MIGRATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297093.

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Pu, Judy P., Mark D. Schmitz, James L. Crowley, and Francis A. Macdonald. "GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE EMPLACEMENT OF THE FRANKLIN LIP: TESTING HYPOTHESES FOR THE ONSET OF THE STURTIAN SNOWBALL EARTH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-298501.

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Du, Kim, Tanja Bosak, Sharon Newman, Francis A. Macdonald, Daniel J. G. Lahr, and Sara B. Pruss. "TUBULAR MICROFOSSILS PRESERVED BY AL-SI CLAY IN SHALLOW WATER CARBONATE FACIES OF THE POST-STURTIAN RASTHOF FORMATION (~660 MA), NORTHERN NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-300660.

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