Дисертації з теми "Structures hybrides et composites"
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Miot, Stéphanie. "Rupture de structures composites stratifiées sous chargements statique et de fatigue." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11016.
Повний текст джерелаRecent developments in the aeronautics industry have accelerated interest in the use of composites as primary structural materials. This project is based on a collaboration with Eurocopter. The objectives are to experimentally analyse and model the behaviour until failure of laminated composite structures under static and fatigue loadings. To describe the mechanical behaviour of composite materials, several damage mechanisms have to be considered. A model, based on the Continuum Damage Mechanics and recently developed at the LMA, takes into account the effects of transverse and shear damages characterized by the creation of small cracks which run along the fibres. This model was integrated into Abaqus/Standard in order to study the behaviour of laminated structures under static and fatigue loadings. The comparisons between experimental data and numerical simulations have proved that conventional failure criteria do not work if the strain field is inhomogeneous. A non local approach, based on the definition of a Fracture Characteristic Volume, has been developed. This method takes into account the effects of stress concentrations on the failure of laminated structures. Comparisons with experimental data allows to valid thebehaviour model associated to the non local approach for various materials, laminates and geometries in the case of static loading conditions. The application in the case of fatigue loading is in progress and first results are promising
Mansour, Agapy. "Étude des propriétés chimique et morphologique de composites hybrides de type (co)polymère plasma / métal." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1002.
Повний текст джерелаNanocomposites consisting of finely dispersed metal nanoparticles into insulating matrix are the focus of much attention because of their optical, electrical or antibacterial properties, allowing a variety of technological applications. In this work, we are interested in hybrid composites based on a polymer matrix synthesized by cold plasma polymerization (PECVD), subsequently impregnated with a solution of metal salt which is finally reduced. These nanocomposites are mainly studied for their applications and less focused on their chemical and morphological structure. In this work, our goal is to study the dependence of chemical and morphological properties of such composite materials on the chemical structure of the plasma polymer, the nature of the metal nanoparticles and the chemical functions of the polymer involved with the polymer / metal interactions. The matrix will be both a plasma polymer and a mixture of two plasma polymers. The objective is then to better understand the nanocomposites formation, and to show their interest in different applications particularly in the detection of ammonia gas
Fan, Benhui. "Propriétés diélectriques des composites à matrice PVDF comportant des renforts hybrides nano/micro-échelles (nanotubes de carbone et BaTiO₃)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe dispersibility of carbon nanotube (CNT) in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is always a big challenge for the high dielectric property. Barium titanate (BT)-CNT hybrids with the special structure are proved to be effective for improving the dispersion of CNT in the polymer matrix and reduce the percolation threshold of the composite. This thesis aims to achieve high dielectric performance of composites via designing fillers with the favorable structure as well as comprehensively study the interaction between CNT and semi-crystalline polymer matrix.In chapter 1, we provide a general introduction about dielectric material's background knowledge. Meanwhile the development including recent breakthroughs and their applications for the dielectric field are also provided in this chapter.In chapter 2, we prepare two hybrids with different structures. The first hybrids are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It is with the structure of BT as a core and CNTs growing outsides (H-CNT-BT). The second hybrids are prepared by hydrothermal reaction where BT particles coats outside CNT (H-BT-CNT). Meanwhile, we fabricate hybrids reinforced PVDF matrix composites by solution casting plus extrusion-injection way. Additionally, methods for characterization involving morphology, thermal and dielectric properties as well as crystallization are also introduced in this chapter.In chapter 3, the dielectric behaviors of H-CNT-BT/PVDF are studied concretely. A dramatic increment on dielectric permittivity is observed after the thermal treatment. This change may result from the reformation of CNT's conductive network and the behavior of PVDF's re-crystallization. By modeling work and experimental characterization, the shrinkage of the neighboring CNT's distance in PVDF's amorphous layers and the induced β polymorph at the CNT-PVDF interface may cause the significant increment in dielectric permittivity after the thermal treatment.In chapter 4, the CNT's dispersibility in PVDF matrix composites is studied by designing different structures. Firstly, a comparison between calculated and experimental percolation threshold of H-CNT-BT/PVDF is conducted for studying the morphology parameters of H-CNT-BT. Afterwards, two comparisons are conducted: one is between H-CNT-BT/PVDF and CNT/PVDF. The processing factors for the CNT's dispersibility are discussed via measuring the different layer's AC conductivity. The other is among three hybrids reinforced PVDF composites. The hybrids structure's effect the CNT's dispersibility is discussed via comparing the dielectric property of the composites with the same volume fraction of CNT and BT but different structures.In chapter 5, a general conclusion is formed according to the works and the perspective is provided for the improvement of the future work
Montemurro, Marco. "CONCEPTION OPTIMALE DE SYSTEMES MODULAIRES D'INGÉNIERIE AVANCÉE PAR UNE NOUVELLE APPROCHE GENETIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955533.
Повний текст джерелаChateau, Denis. "Etude de l'influence de la structure et de la composition de matériaux hybrides monolithiques sur les propriétés optiques (luminescence et absorption non-linéaire)." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863807.
Повний текст джерелаShehada, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique des structures bois-béton avec joints collés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI004.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded TCC joints and beams Through experimental and numerical investigations.The mechanical behaviour of the adhesive bonded joints between timber (GL24h) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) set by the dry or wet bonding process is investigated. For this purpose, double push-out shear tests on TCC joints bonded by epoxy resin of adhesives were performed. The role of several variables was considered for both fabrication processes. These parameters were: variation of moisture content (m.c.) of timber, adhesive type, adhesive thickness, sand addition, concrete surface treatment, and scale of bonding length. The results showed that glueing seems to be a feasible alternative instead of mechanical means for producing dry and wet TCC joints. Under dry conditions of timber elements, the shear strength can be considered highly satisfactory, with a mean value range of 6-8MPa. The failure mode is primarily affected by concrete and timber failure. However, the findings confirm the hypothesis that increasing the moisture content of the timber before the glueing process significantly reduces the shear strength of adhesively bonded TCC joints by approximately 30% in certain instances.An experimental investigation of the failure characteristics, interface slip, strain distribution, and load-deflection response of adhesively bonded timber-concrete composite (TCC) beams fabricated using wet or dry processes was conducted. A total of six full-scale adhesively bonded TCC beams were produced with a span of 3.2 m and subjected to four-point bending tests. Wet and dry fabricated TCC beams revealed distinct failure modes. The results emphasized the critical role of bonding integrity in ensuring effective composite action and shared contribution mechanism. Wet-fabricated TCC beams exhibited a rigid bonding characterized by a consistent neutral axis alignment and load distribution along the beam span, while dry-fabricated beams experienced interface separation and compromised load-shared contribution, resulting in a significant reduction of the ultimate bending capacity of TCC beams. The outcomes showed that wet and dry TCC beams exhibited comparable load-to-mid-span deflection responses before failure, highlighting uniform behaviour and alignment with fully composite characteristics under the imposed loads.Furthermore, an analytical model for calculating TCC beams is presented and validated. The foundation of the analytical model is established upon the γ-method derived from Eurocode 5. The analytical model is compared with experimental results, highlighting its reliability and precision. Load-deflection responses, bending strain distributions, and ultimate failure loads are accurately captured, affirming the model's capability to anticipate the TCC beam behaviour.Additionally, a 3D non-linear Finite Element (FE) model for adhesively bonded Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) beams is presented. The model analyzes the deformation behaviour, bending stress distribution, ultimate capacity, and failure characteristics of TCC beams. Despite the challenges that arose in cases of bonding failure, leading to exceptional deviations in behaviour, the results revealed a remarkable agreement between the predictions of the FE model and the outcomes of experimental tests. The FE model accurately predicted the degree of composite action. Notably, the FE model and analytical model based on the γ-method exhibit comparable predictive performance in terms of deformation. Bending stress distribution findings highlighted a strong correspondence between FE simulations and experimental data. Furthermore, the FE model demonstrated efficacy in predicting the ultimate capacity of TCC beams and consistently captured failure modes, indicating its reliability in simulating the complex behaviour of TCC beams
Lohmuller, Paul. "Matériaux mésostructurés et infiltration métallique avec optimisation du squelette architecturé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0311.
Повний текст джерелаThe constant search for structural lightening and performance optimization is at the origin of hybrid materials. They are defined as the combination of two (or more) materials, or the structuring of a material in a given volume, according to predetermined organization and scale in order to respond to a specific application. In addition, the recent growth of additive manufacturing offers a new unmatched design freedom. This is at the origin of hybrid materials such as lattices; it is an assembly of micro-beams ordered or not to fill a given volume. This PhD work focuses on the development of a hybrid metallic material with optimized architectured skeleton. At first, we will focus on the optimization of the skeleton. To do this, an original model generation of periodic lattices inspired by crystallography will be proposed. It will allow the generation of a database of structures to which will be added quasiperiodic lattices structures. In a second time, we will focus on the performances of these structures from the point of view of: mechanical behavior and porous network infiltration by a liquid. In both cases, phenomenological relations will be determined in order to relate the rigidity to the relative density, or the rise of an infiltration front according to the geometric characteristics of a skeleton. These relationships, via the parameters that govern them, make it possible to identify the influence of the topology and give rise to selection tools in the form of 2D maps. The X-ray tomography control steps, evaluations of the experimental mechanical properties and infiltration of porous networks make possible the confrontation with the proposed models. These different tools validate the topology and the scale of the optimized skeleton from the mechanical point of view and the infiltration. Finally, composites combining an aluminum alloy and a Ti-6Al-4V skeleton produced by selective laser melting are produced by a cold crucible, Porosity and metallurgical analysis at the Ti / Al interface will reveal the viability of the process, as well as the influence of the processing conditions on the microstructures
Masmoudi, Mohamed. "Modélisation de la propagation d'ondes guidées, générées et détectées par transducteurs ultrasonores à couplage air : Application au CND de structures aéronautiques composites." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14483/document.
Повний текст джерелаNon-destructive testing (NDT) using guided waves generated and detected by air-coupled ultrasonic transducers have two main advantages. First, this non-contact technique without coupled medium allows obvious convenience of use. Moreover, the ability of guided waves to carry information about medium quality over long distance. In this context, a numerical model has been developed, which takes into account many parameters of the control system. In order to reduce the number of degrees of freedom, a hybrid model has been developed which consists of a combination between an analytical model, based on the Kirchhoff integral for the propagation of ultrasound in air and a finite element model for the propagation of guided waves in the material. The measured characteristics (efficiency and sensitivity) of two air-coupled transducers allow the prediction of the accurate values of the pressure of bulk waves generated in air and the measurement of the pressure of the radiated field in air by guided waves propagating in a structure. This process enables the comparison between predicted and measured guided waves modes. Based on the hybrid model, an optimization of the parameters of the control system (angle, frequency, diameter, direction of propagation, near and far field) was performed to improve the purity of guided modes along the material plate. To validate some numerical predictions, an aircoupled ultrasonic transducer is used and oriented at a specific angle chosen for generating one specific Lambmode guided along a composite plate sample, and a laser probe measures the normal velocity at different locations on the surface of the plate. Then, the interaction of ultrasonic guided waves with delamination in acomposite plate was studied. In particular, the sensitivity of the two fundamental modes A0 and S0 was analyzed in order to predict the detectability of the defect. In parallel, the inverse problem is solved and the defect size is quantified by calculating the spectrum of the reflection coefficient. Finally, the potential of air-coupled transducers to examine an aircraft structure, has been demonstrated
Phongphinittana, Ekkarin. "Assemblages composites-polymères après traitement par plasma atmosphérique du composite : caractérisation mécaniques et modélisation." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0070.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing the proposals of the European Commission, to achieve the goals of emission reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) from cars. To achieve this objective, automakers must reduce the weight of the car. Thus the supplier Faurecia, manufacturer of car seats desires to replace metal structures by structure plastic-metal hybrid (PMH). And they desire also to use a composite material to replace metal in order to reduce weight. Moreover in order to improve the adhesion strength at the interface piece hybrid structure,Atmospheric plasma technique was used.In this context, we studied the effects of plasma treatment on term of adhesion in the hybrid structure in order to provide the best condition of treatment. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of plasma treatment by determination at the parameters in the process such as the scanning speed, the distance between the substrate and the plasma torch and the number of passes of the torch, then to predict the initiation of delamination under quasi-static loading test in specimen of single lap shear by using the criterion of rupture. The other objective was to study the micromechanical model to assess the reliability of them. And they will be applied to predict the mechanical behavior of Short Glass Fiber reinforced thermoplastic. In order to achieve the objectives presented, the several tests such as tensile test, single lap shear test and ARCAN-Mines test have been executed. In parallel, techniques acoustic emission (AE), infrared radiation (IR) and optical microscopy were used in order to follow the failure mechanisms of the specimen studied. Finally, the finite element method was used to simulate the tests and allow to verify the reliability of the failure criterion
Wolf, Caroline. "Multi-scale modelling of structure and mass transfer relationships in nano- and micro-composites for food packaging." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20217/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the global growing interest in the food packaging field for the design of tailored composite structures with controlled mass transfer properties, the understanding of the modulation of the mass transfer properties with the incorporation of particles in polymer still remains very complex. In order to throw light on this scientific problem, the thesis work was focused on the following parts: - providing a better understanding of mass transfer in composites. In this purpose an analysis of all experimental gas and vapour permeability data available in the literature has been carried out in nano- and micro- composites and a comparison of these data with predictions from tortuosity models based on few geometrical inputs has been achieved; - performing a detailed study of water vapour mass transfer in composites (wheat straw fibres/bio-polyester). These data were compared with the prediction of bi-phasic analytical models coming from other disciplinary fields. This part of the work has highlighted the lack of comprehensive and complete models for the prediction of permeability in composite with permeable particles; - developing of an innovative multi-scale approach for the prediction of mass transfer in bi-phasic composites considering both the particle and the polymer matrix properties with realistic 2D geometry of the composite structures has been proposed. For the sake of reaching a satisfactory validation level of the model, some experimental improvements are still needed to increase the accuracy of input parameters such as diffusivity of the particles.This new modelling approach open the way for the creation of a reverse-engineering toolbox for the design of tailor made composites structures, tightly adjusted to barrier properties requirements of the packed food
Martin, Clélia. "Films multicouches à base de nanocristaux de cellulose : relation entre structure et propriétés mécaniques et/ou optiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS021/document.
Повний текст джерелаCNCs are biobased nanorods that are attracting increasing attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to their numerous properties such as renewability, high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, light weight, or non-toxicity. CNCs are thus considered as highly promising blocks for the production of high performance biobased composites. In the last ten years, negatively charged CNCs have been associated with natural or synthetic polycations or neutral biopolymers within multilayered films built by the layer-by-layer assembly technique. In the present study, we have investigated three new research axes in the CNC-based multilayers field. In a first part, polymer chains have been replaced by positively charged inorganic Gibbsite nanoplatelets (GN) to form innovative hybrid nanoparticules-based thin films. We have shown that the architecture of (CNC/GN) films can be tuned over a wide range by adjusting the physico-chemical parameters such as the aspect ratio of the CNC, the ionic strength, or the drying protocol. The detailed internal structure of the multilayered films has been elucidated by the complementary use of AFM and neutron reflectivity (NR) and was attributed to a combination of different interaction forces. In a second part, the resistance to humidity of purely biobased films was investigated by comparing films where CNCs are associated either with neutral xyloglucan chains or with oxidized ones. AFM and NR reveal that the kinetics of water intake and hydration strongly depends on the possibility to form inter- and intra-layer hemiacetal bonds forming a covalent network. The third axis concerns the production of uniformly oriented macroscopic surfaces of CNCs to build anisotropic multilayered nanocomposites. Enhanced alignment was achieved by the use of laminar shear flow.The fine tuning of the structural features of all the multilayered systems studied gives rise to specific macroscopic physical properties. The mechanical properties of films of various architectures (Young’s modulus) have thus been measured using the strain induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) technique and tentatively related to the film’s structure. The tunable properties of such multilayered systems pave the way to the design of thin films and coatings for separation membranes or supports for flexible electronics
Chaïeb, Abderrahmane. "Etude structurale par diffraction X et optique linéaire et non linéaire de composites à base de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs (CdSe, ZnSe) dispersés dans des matrices hôtes organique (PMMA) et minérale (KBr, KCl)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480577.
Повний текст джерелаGuerfala, Wassim. "Élaboration de bio-composite hybride à matrice thermoplastique : formulation optimale et modélisation du comportement statique en vue d'une application pour pièces de structure dans l'automobile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0022.
Повний текст джерелаThe environmental impact is becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry, pushing OEMs to reduce CO2 emissions through clean engines and structural weight reduction. Composite materials, combining lightness and mechanical strength, offer a good alternative to standard steels with a considerable weight reduction. This study mainly aims to apply bio-composite materials in the automotive structure.To meet the various mechanical, thermal and economic requirements, the first objective of this study is to develop ahybrid composite material based on two natural fibers with complementary characteristics to optimize its performance while guaranteeing the homogeneity of its mechanical behavior. The second objective is the development of a numeric tool that would allow rapid pre-design of structural parts reinforced with this hybrid composite material. Indeed, the obligations of the automotive industry are quickly and continuously changing; it is necessary to provide quick and cost-effective responses (compared to the long and expensive experimental campaigns especially when there is sensitivity to the environmental conditions to consider)
Papavero, Amory. "Élaboration et caractérisation de composites hybrides thermoélectriques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20240.
Повний текст джерелаScida, Daniel. "Étude et modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à renforts tisses hybrides et non hybrides." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1168.
Повний текст джерелаAgopian, Jean-Charles. "Développement, caractérisation et optimisation de matériaux composites hybrides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC107.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change will require a more sober industry, in which “green” materials may play a key role. This also applies to composite materials, and every possibility to reduce their carbon footprint might be considered, while maintaining acceptable performance and durability levels.Partial replacement of carbon fibres by flax fibres is for instance a way to reduce the environmental impact of these composite materials. Surface energies of the fibres being quite different, the properties of the composite materials resulting of such a hybridisation might not be optimised. Moreover, flax fibres are hydrophilic, which rises two problems: they are poorly compatible with hydrophobic polymers, and can lead to a decrease of the durability of the composite, more susceptible to absorb water.In this study, a treatment by direct fluorination by molecular fluorine F2 has been implemented, aiming at level the surface energies of the fibres and increase their affinity with the matrix polymer. This work is mainly dedicated to the fluorination of carbon fibres, while another simultaneous doctoral project focused on flax fibre fluorination.First, a state of the art on the fluorination of carbon fibres has been realised, and published as a literature review, where the versatility of the carbon-fluorine bond and the experimental conditions leading influencing it were carefully described.It has then been shown by a wide variety of physicochemical analyses that room-temperature fluorination of carbon fibres was a way to fluorinate their sizing, and thus to tailor their surface energy. The same treatment was carried on a wide temperature scale, successively highlighting a sizing fluorination and hyperfluorination, and then a fluorination of the carbon fibre, leading to a huge increase of its hydrophobicity, and a decrease of its polar component.These fluorinated carbon and flax fibres were then integrated in an epoxy matrix by infusion process, with several stacking sequences. Mechanical tests do not show an improvement of the fibre-matrix compatibility thanks to fluorination, which might be explained by the high-quality interface allowed by sizing for the non-fluorinated fibres. Wet ageing tests are however promising, as composites made with fluorinated fibres absorb less water than composites made with non-fluorinated fibres
Mahmoud, Bassam. "Modélisation d'impacts sur des stratifiés composites unidirectionnels et hybrides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30212.
Повний текст джерелаToday, composite materials are largely used in the manufacturing of aeronautical structures, in order to lighten their weight. Impact on composite structures is one of the most detrimental loading. The present study aims to develop a predictive modelling of impacts on thin unidirectional laminates in order to, firstly, better understand the damage mechanisms involved, and, secondly, be able to provide guidance for a strength improvement of these structures. First, an explicit finite element modelling of unidirectional laminates is developed based on the work of F Pascal dealing with impact modeling on helicopter blades. Thus, a new element that can represent the impact response of unidirectional plies is formulated. The behavior of the bundle of fibers is modeled with rod elements stabilized with specific 2D elements. The degradation is managed using damage based on experimental observations. The parameters of the proposed modelling strategy are identified on the basis of experimental tests carried out on T700/M21 and HTA7/913 composites. The results provided by the modeling are then validated by a comparison with experimental low velocity impact results. Finally, in order to improve the laminate strength, low velocity and medium velocity impacts on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite laminates are studied experimentally and with the developed modelling strategy
Salhi, Yakoub. "Structures Multi-contextuelles et Logiques Modales Intuitionnistes et Hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607933.
Повний текст джерелаSalhi, Yakoub. "Structures multi-contextuelles et logiques modales intuititionnistes et hybrides." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10087/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn computer science, formal logics are central for studying the representation and the treatment of knowledge. Indeed, they are widely used for modeling and verifying computer systems and their properties and also for formalizing different kinds of reasoning. In this context there exist many non-classical logics and among them modal logics play a key role. As classical modal logics have been deeply studied, we focus in this thesis on the intuitionistic modal logics and also on fuzzy hybrid logics by studying some important questions mainly from the viewpoint of proof theory . We define for these logics new proof systems, following natural deduction and sequent calculus formalisms, that are based on new multi-contextual structures generalizing the standard sequent structure
Salhi, Yakoub. "Structures multi-contextuelles et logiques modales intuititionnistes et hybrides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10087.
Повний текст джерелаIn computer science, formal logics are central for studying the representation and the treatment of knowledge. Indeed, they are widely used for modeling and verifying computer systems and their properties and also for formalizing different kinds of reasoning. In this context there exist many non-classical logics and among them modal logics play a key role. As classical modal logics have been deeply studied, we focus in this thesis on the intuitionistic modal logics and also on fuzzy hybrid logics by studying some important questions mainly from the viewpoint of proof theory . We define for these logics new proof systems, following natural deduction and sequent calculus formalisms, that are based on new multi-contextual structures generalizing the standard sequent structure
Prevond, Laurent. "Etude, expérimentation et modélisation de structures hybrides innovantes Tournantes et linéaires." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599564.
Повний текст джерелаChoi, Young Kuk. "Réalisation et caractérisation de composites hybrides verre/expoxy/Ni-Ti adaptatifs." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ychoi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrowing attention has been given in the last years to the development of smart materials. It is relatively easy, taking in account their processing techniques, to embed in composite materials actuators at a mesoscopic scale. SMA are particularly fitted as actuators because they can be easily drawn into thin wires and incorporated in composite. To test the influence of the materials and processing conditions on the actuation properties of adaptive hybrid composites asymmetric composite systems based on a glass epoxy laminate with embedded wires of a shape memory Ti-Ni-Cu alloy were processed. The SMA wire were incorporated as far as possible away from the neutral plan. These asymmectric hybrid laminate beams were tested in clamp-free conditions. Describing the macroscopic behaviour in the frame of the classical constitutive modelling and using metallurgical parameters defined from a Clausius-Clapeyron diagram, a description of the temperature-deflection curves can be obtained
Choi, Young Kuk Salvia Michelle. "Réalisation et caractérisation de composites hybrides verre/expoxy/Ni-Ti adaptatifs." (S.l.) : (s.n.), 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ychoi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChinellato, Anne Cristine. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHINELLATO_A_C.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work dealt with polypropylene/organically modified montmorillonite (PP/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using an acrylic acid modified PP (PP-g-AA) as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. Two kinds of PP-g-AA having the same acrylic acid content (6 wt. %) and differing in molar mass were used. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, or 5 wt. % and the PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 5:1. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy showed that without PP-g-AA, the structure of the PP/o-MMT was like that of a conventional micro-composite. With PP-g-AA, the o-MMT was intercalated. Compared to the neat PP, the PP/o-MMT showed an increase in thermal stability of up to 40°C and 30% in elastic modulus. However this increase was concomitant to a decrease in impact strength as the compatibilizer/montmorilonite mass ratio increased. Incorporation of the o-MMT in the PP always led to a decrease in CO2 permeability and the degree of decrease was more significant for compatibilized PP/o-MMT composites (better intercalation/exfoliation) reaching up to 50% with respect to the virgin PP. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the PP-g-AA was efficient to promote the intercalation/exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP. However, there seemed no significant differences between the two PP-g-AA compatibilizers. Overall, for both PP-g-AA, better properties were obtained for higher PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio
Chinellato, Anne Cristine Hu Guo Hua. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2005. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2005_CHINELLATO_A_C.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Jingfei. "L'interaction des ultrasons avec des structures périodiques et les structures composites." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0329/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research presented in this thesis contains two parts : the interaction of ultrasound with periodic structures and the interaction of ultrasound with composite materials. The investigation in the interaction of ultrasound with periodic structures is made in two aspects : study of the physical phenomenon of ultrasound diffraction and nondestructive characterization of the coorugated structures using ultrasonic techniques. Chapter II and III represent the investigation of two physical phenomena of ultrasound diffraction, i.e. acoustic Wood anomaly and the so-called sub-harmonic diffraction, respectively. In chapter IV the principle of Bragg diffraction is applied to the nondestructive characterization of the periodicity of periodic structures using air-coupled ultrasonic technique; while a more general geometrical characterization of periodic surface using high frequency ultrasonic C-scan imaging technique is presented in chapter V. In this thesis the research work of the interaction of ultrasound with composite structures focuses on the characterization of impact defects of composite plates. This work contains two parts : the spectral analysis of impact defects and the comparison of different techniques in impact defects characterization. The first part of the work tries to deal with the situation where the received signals for defect characterization are corrupted by the avoidable high-level noise caused by the data acquisition system. While in the second part different testing configurations, different transducers and different data processing methods are compared in order to optimize the defect characterization
Vidotti, Suel Eric. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de poly(éthylène térephtalate) et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_VIDOTTI_S_E.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work dealt with poly(ethylene terephthalate)/organically modified montmorillonite (PET/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using a polyester ionomer as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PET, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, 3 or 5 wt. % and the compatibilizer/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1 or 3:1. The o-MMT was further intercalated and/or exfoliated in the presence of the compatibilizer, as revealed by WAXS and TEM. The PET/o-MMT composites exhibited a solid-like behavior (G' and G'' versus w at low frequencies) indicating a percolated structure. Compared to the pristine PET, they showed similar thermal stability, higher elastic modulus, and higher complex viscosity presenting yield strength in the molten state. They also showed much lower CO2 permeability, although the solubility of the latter remained almost unchanged. The presence of the compatibilizer further decreased the CO2 permeability, by 50% in the best cases. Water vapor permeability was also decreased. The highest decrease was about 30% and was obtained with an intermediate compatibilizer/o-MMT mass ratio of 1:1. A further increase in that ratio resulted in an increase in water vapor permeability, due probably to the fact that water was soluble in the compatibilizer
Vidotti, Suel Eric Hu Guo Hua. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de poly(éthylène térephtalate) et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2005. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2005_VIDOTTI_S_E.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPrevond, Laurent. "Étude, expérimentation et modélisation de structures hybrides innovantes de machines tournantes et linéaires." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0191.
Повний текст джерелаTissandier, Cédric. "Composites microcellulaires : production et caractérisation de structures asymétriques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25274.
Повний текст джерелаRache, Salles Benjamin. "Propriétés magnétiques, électriques et structurales et transport polarisé en spin dans des structures hybrides MnAs-GaAs." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066328.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Weiqing. "Solutions de cellulose et matériaux hybrides/composites à base de liquides ioniques et solvants alcalins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819908.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Baptiste. "Concept de composites magnétoélectriques hybrides base polymère : piézoélectricité organique-inorganique et couplage magnétique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30245.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is the elaboration and analysis of hybrid magnetoelectric polymer-based composite. Two different types of composites have been studied: Firstly, a two-phase system with an electroactive matrix (P(VDF-TrFE)) and magnetic particles (Ni); secondly, a system based on a nonelectroactive matrix (α-PVDF), piezoelectric particles (NaNbO3) and magnetic particles (Ni). The influence of Ni particles aspect ratio has been carefully studied. An original process of mild polyol reduction under low static magnetic field has been proposed in order to generate magnetic growth of nickel nanochains (NNCs). Electrical percolation threshold has been determined at 2.3 vol % for the NNCs. This value allows us to determine the maximum fraction of nickel in composites in order to remain insulating. Thus, the composites may be polarized and then they can exhibit piezoelectric properties. Piezoelectric coefficient d33 shows significant values up to 5.8 pC N-1 for the P(VDFTrFE)/Ni composite and 4.5 pCN-1 for the α-PVDF/NaNbO3/Ni composite. In both cases, high aspect ratio nickel particles leads to a decrease of d33 due the stiffening of the matrix. Magnetic properties such as remnant magnetization and coercive field are improved with particles aspect ratio as compared to spherical particles. This enhancement appears more clearly when composites are processed thanks to the particles orientation due to the fabrication process. Coupling ME properties have been measured for both types of composites which exhibit a strong ME response. In P(VDF-TrFE) based composite, the highest coupling (αME =4.2Vm-1Oe-1 ) is obtained with high aspect ratio nickel nanowires (250). The αME reaches up to 4.7Vm-1Oe-1 in the three-phase composite and the best coupling is measured with NiNPs. The obtained values are of the same order of magnitude for both composites. The specific interest of the three-phase composite is to allow the use of higher temperatures
Kang, Chi-Hang. "Une famille d'éléments hybrides singuliers pour l'étude des plaques fissurées métalliques et composites." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD362.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Matthieu. "Propriétés thermiques de matériaux composites : caractérisation expérimentale et approche microstructurale." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2075.
Повний текст джерелаLouvain, Nicolas. "Relations Structures-Propriétés dans des matériaux hybrides multifonctionnels : Investigations structurales et théoriques." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450691.
Повний текст джерелаHajrya, Rafik. "Contrôle santé des structures composites : approche expérimentale et statistique." Paris, ENSAM, 2012. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00727638.
Повний текст джерелаThe aviation industry uses materials always more effective for its aircraft and space systems. The aircraft are equipped with antenna arrays to make communications. Our thesis falls within the MSIE project (Matériaux et Structures Intelligentes pour l'Electromagnétisme). The objective of this project is to meet the demands of the aviation industry, to evaluate the concept of new materials that enable the realization of compact and reconfigurable antenna composite structures. This adaptability assumes that these structures are also equipped with sensors/actuators able to perform an active control. It then necessary to add to these future structures a Structural Health Monitoring systems (SHM) to detect possible damage (impact, delamination between the host structure and the antenna array, fiber breakage, etc. . . ), which may occur during the flight or during the aging of the structure. The development of the SHM systems is the core of our thesis. For this purpose, we have built experimental tests that took into account the industrial requirements. These experimental tests include antenna composite structures equipped with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Through the information received from the sensors, we developed two damage detection methodologies, based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). These methods are statistical approaches, which have the particularity of not requiring any knowledge of the mechanical model of the structure to be monitored. These two methods are a way to extract features from the piezoelectric sensors of the structure in a healthy and in an unknown state. The comparison between these characteristics allowed us to calculate for each method, a damage index. Furthermore, to robustify the decision, we have associated to this damage index, a bound that decides if the structure is in healthy or damaged state. We have successfully applied the two methods to detect damage in antenna composite structures, namely: impact, delamination of the composite structures
Tchou-Kien, David. "Contribution à l'optimisation des structures composites élastiques et hyperélastiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066349.
Повний текст джерелаGardillou, Florent. "Etude et réalisation de structures hybrides actives/passives en optique intégrée sur verre." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0166.
Повний текст джерелаThe need of optical fiber telecommunication systems has been the driving force for the tremendous development of integrated optical circuits (IOCs) with a vast number of technologies which are up to now incompatible. However, the integration of elementary functionson a single wafer seems to be required to reduce the dimension and the cost for future complex IOCs. Ln this perspective, we propose in this report the realization of hybrid structures on glass. These latter consist of a passive or active thin guiding layer on a glass wafer containing an ion-exchanged channel waveguide. This work has mainly been devoted to the study and the realization of an hybrid optical amplifier by wafer bonding and ion-exchange techniques. First, a T1+/K+ ion-exchange process has been developed in a passive silicate glass with the aim of keeping a fiat glass surface. Then, an Er3+/Yb3+ codoped phosphate glass layer with a thickness below 10 μm has been formed by a low temperature wafer bonding process (<150°C) foIlowed by a polishing thinning procedure. The realized hybrid structure has been characterized and a promising gain coefficient of 3. 66 dB/cm has been reached which is comparable with the best published values for standard ion-exchanged optical amplifiers. This result has been improved thanks to the implementation of an Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange and a grinding/polishing process and net gain operation has been demonstrated. Other hybrid structures have also been studied : a glass surface- and polarization-insensitive embedded Bragg filter and an hybrid optical isolator. Finally, the necessary future works for the integration of aIl hybrid structures on a single wafer have been described
Jeancolas, Antoine. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement de composites hybrides : optimisation de la conductivité thermique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0285/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase of electronic components in the integrated circuits and the required electrical power set the question of the dissipation of the heat generated. The electrical box must favor the heat dissipation while maintaining electrical insulation. The solution chosen to transfer the heat is to develop composite materials whose reinforcements by their structure will improve the thermal conductivity. Polymer-based composite materials were chosen for their building ability. Thermal conductivity and electrical insulation are insured by ceramic reinforcements. The homogenization methods allow to improve the composites’ design according to the properties of their constituents, their geometry and their distribution. They thus provide an optimized formulation of materials satisfying the characteristics emanating from the industrial partner (‘Institut de Soudure’). The expected thermal conductivity of the composites imposes a high volume fraction of reinforcements to counterbalance the insulating polymer matrix. Homogenization methods have been developed to provide predictions of effective thermal conductivity for high (greater than 20%) reinforcement rates and high thermal conductivity contrasts. The presence of an interphase resulting from strong physico-chemical incompatibilities between the components must also be modeled
Jeancolas, Antoine. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement de composites hybrides : optimisation de la conductivité thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0285.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase of electronic components in the integrated circuits and the required electrical power set the question of the dissipation of the heat generated. The electrical box must favor the heat dissipation while maintaining electrical insulation. The solution chosen to transfer the heat is to develop composite materials whose reinforcements by their structure will improve the thermal conductivity. Polymer-based composite materials were chosen for their building ability. Thermal conductivity and electrical insulation are insured by ceramic reinforcements. The homogenization methods allow to improve the composites’ design according to the properties of their constituents, their geometry and their distribution. They thus provide an optimized formulation of materials satisfying the characteristics emanating from the industrial partner (‘Institut de Soudure’). The expected thermal conductivity of the composites imposes a high volume fraction of reinforcements to counterbalance the insulating polymer matrix. Homogenization methods have been developed to provide predictions of effective thermal conductivity for high (greater than 20%) reinforcement rates and high thermal conductivity contrasts. The presence of an interphase resulting from strong physico-chemical incompatibilities between the components must also be modeled
Dai, Shan. "Synthèse ambiante verte de solides hybrides poreux (MOFs) robustes et de composites nanoparticules métalliques@MOFs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLE068.
Повний текст джерелаHeterogeneous catalysts frame a cornerstone of the chemical industry and are one of the most crucial technologies for a sustainable future. Hybrid materials represent a very exciting direction for developing innovative catalysts. Incorporating guest metal nanoparticles (MNPs) into Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is an effective route to prepare highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts, which combines the properties of both the host MOF and guest MNPs. The prepared composites present a great potential for several applications apart from catalysis (e.g. sensing, bio-applications), as the encapsulated guest materials can introduce new desired properties that are absent/ poor in the parent material. In this thesis, MNPs and MOFs composites were prepared through challenging bottle-around-ship strategy. As the first step, multiple approaches were developed to prepare robust tetravalent Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at room temperature, including conventional stepwise and more facile direct strategies. Subsequently, the new room temperature synthesis approaches were adapted to incorporate ultra-small MNPs into the MOF to reproducibly form core-shell MNPs@MOF composites, prior to addressing several heterogeneous catalysis challenges (e.g., CO2 reduction, peptide hydrolysis)
Sadouki, Hamid. "Simulation et analyse numérique du comportement mécanique de structures composites /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=676.
Повний текст джерелаGuillaumin, François. "Identification et prédiction de l'amortissement de structures composites verre-époxy." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066382.
Повний текст джерелаPoizat, Christophe. "Modélisation numérique de matériaux et structures composites à fibres piézoélectriques." Troyes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TROY0004.
Повний текст джерелаBainier, Hadrien. "Modélisation et simulation des splits dans les structures composites stratifiées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN052/document.
Повний текст джерелаStructural aerospace parts design in composite material requires a large number of tests and simulations at different scales. In this industrial context, constitutive laws are more and more important.The idea of this thesis is to improve the description of transverse cracking in the composite mesomodel, introduced in the LMT during the 80's. The objective is to be able to predict accurately the failure of a laminated composite structure, at cheap computational cost, in order to replace some of expensive mechanical tests.We propose a new version of our model which combine, isolated transverse cracks description such as splits, and an homogenized representation to model important transverse cracks density. To reconcile these two approcahes an ad hoc criterion is introduced, if necessary macrocracks are set in the model by using cohesive elements. A significant proportion of this works is to design and elaborate methods and computation strategy, in order to transfer from academic world to industry. To maintain computer code, and be able to compute industrial mechanical problems (large number of DOF, complex geometry) only commercial softwares must be used. For this purpose, the whole code is implemented in a non intrusive way on SAMCEF software. Finally, to challenge the new strategy, a campaign of validation, with our industrial partner AIRBUS GROUP INNOVATION was carried about structures in laminated composite material, with complex stackings with stress concentrations. Constitutive laws with softening triggers off mesh dependance issues, then the question of localization is discussed from a practical angle
Cardinal, Sandrine. "Etude comparative du comportement a l'infiltration par un métal sous pression de préformes de plaquettes d'Al2O3 et de préformes hybrides fibres/plaquettes d'Al2O3 : influence de l'hybridation sur les propriétés mécaniques du composite Al/Al2O3." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0050.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to salve the problem of the failure of alumina platelets preform under high-pressure mf1ltrat1on of hqu1d metal. We treated this problem using the mechanics of porous media. It was demonstrated that the failure of the preform during infiltration is due to its brittle mechanical behavior. To prevent catastrophic failure, we mixed fibers to platelets. The mechanical characterization of such a "hybrid" preform showed that the presence of fibers increases its fracture energy. The mechanism controlling crack propagation in this material has been analyzed both experimentally and theoret1cally. The model developed to characterize the behavior of ceramic matrix composites agrees well with the experimental data. Finally, it was shown that, with such hybrid preform, neither cracking nor deformation occur During infiltration by squeeze-casting. It should be noted that the mixture of fibers and platelets decreases the final mechanical properties of the composite material. This can be explained by the large difference between the size of these two types of reinforcing particles. However, the stiffness of hybrid composite remains higher than that of a fiber reinforced composite
Salles, Benjamin. "Propriétés magnétiques, électriques et structurales et transport polarisé en spin dans des structures hybrides MnAs-GaAs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00570216.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Hung-Ju. "Etude de structures hybrides couches minces organiques/boîtes quantiques semiconductrices inorganiques." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949044.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Weikang. "Propriété mécaniques, electriques, et de détection des composites comportant des renforts hybrids nano/micro nanotube de carbone/microrenforts." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997409.
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