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1
Véron, Jacques. "Activité féminine et structures familiales. Quelle dépendance ?" Population Vol. 43, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1988.43n1.0120.
Анотація:
Résumé Véron Jacques.— Activité féminine et structures familiales. Quelle dépendance ? De la hiérarchie des taux d'activité des femmes selon la situation familiale, de la moindre fécondité des femmes actives ou de la simultanéité entre transformation des structures familiales et explosion de l'activité féminine, est fréquemment inférée une relation de dépendance entre comportements sur le marché du travail et attitudes à l'égard du mariage ou de la famille. L'utilisation de données françaises conduit à nier l'existence d'une telle relation. Les recensements de 1962 et 1982 encadrent en France une période de changements remarquables : baisse de la nuptialité et de la fécondité; hausse de la divortialité d'une part, croissance de l'activité et disparition du « cycle traditionnel » d'activité d'autre part. Aucune relation de dépendance stricte ne peut être établie entre ces deux ordres de phénomènes. Le recours à une structure type montre qu'en l'absence de changements familiaux, les femmes auraient été, aujourd'hui, presque aussi souvent actives. Un modèle élémentaire de transferts (fictifs) entre sous-populations (des femmes mariées, fécondes et inactives vers les femmes célibataires, sans enfant et actives, par exemple) prouve qu'il ne saurait exister plus qu'une faible dépendance, quelle qu'en soit le sens, entre changements familiaux et désir accru d'exercer une profession.
2
Appell, Kenneth C., Thomas D. Y. Chung, Michael J. H. Ohlmeyer, Nolan H. Sigal, John J. Baldwin, and Daniel Chelsky. "Biological Screening of a Large Combinatorial Library." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 1, no. 1 (February 1996): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705719600100111.
Анотація:
Encoding technology has allowed for the creation of libraries of 50,000 or more low-molecular-weight compounds for biological testing. The current challenge is to properly and efficiently screen among these compounds for useful biological activities. In this example, actives against two related G-protein coupled receptors were sought from a combinatorial library of 56,000 members. The library was synthesized on solid phase using the split synthesis method and photochemically released for testing. At a screening concentration of 0.5-1 /LM, 86 unique structures were identified as active against one receptor and 24 were active against the other. Due to the random nature of compound sampling, five library equivalents or 280,000 beads were screened to ensure greater than 99% representation of library members. As a result, many actives appeared multiple times in the screen, verifying the encoding process. Further confirmation was obtained by resynthesis and testing of predicted active structures. A clear bias for specific "R" groups at each point of variation in the combinatorial library with little overlap between the two receptors has produced a clear structure-activity relationship on which to base further work.
3
Fillion, Ray. "Embedded Actives and Its Industry Effects." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tp5-paper5.
Анотація:
Over the 60 plus year history of microelectronics packaging, electronic devices have been mounted onto an interconnect structure to form a microelectronics circuit. The devices could be bare chips, CSPs or packaged components such as SMT or thru-hole carriers. The interconnect structures could be circuit boards, ceramic substrates or flex circuits. This methodology has enabled a clear divide between the fabrication, assembly and test of the semiconductor device, the fabrication and test of the interconnect structure and the assembly and test of the component/substrate assembly. Over the past decade a new packaging methodology, embedded actives (chips), has been developed that changes all of these industry norms. In an embedded actives packaging approach, one or more bare or chip scale semiconductor devices are embedded within the interconnect structure. Although these approaches have significant electrical performance, size and cost benefits, the normal barriers between chip packaging, substrate fabrication and component assembly are removed. The interconnect structure is not completed prior to component embedding and the embedded component cannot be tested at packaged part level without the interconnect structure. This complicates electrical testing and makes it virtually impossible to differentiate between a defective component, a defective interconnect or a defective component to substrate contact. This paper will look at the history of embedded active developments and go into the various processes and structures being used. It will cover their electrical, reliability and size advantages and will address the revolutionary changes that the microelectronics industry must make to effectively utilize these technologies.
4
Hu, Yanting. "Progress in the study of the anti-non-small cell lung cancer effects of alkaloid actives." Theoretical and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/8/20240352.
Анотація:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal type of lung cancer and the current therapeutic challenges remain daunting. Alkaloids have become a compelling area of research due to their diverse structures and wide range of biological activities and are considered as potential antitumor agents. In this paper, we review the research progress of different classes of representative alkaloidal actives in recent years in terms of their anti NSCLC effects, with a view to provide a reference for alkaloidal actives in anti NSCLC research.
5
Gnennyi, M. V., and O. M. Gnennyi. "THE DETERMINATION OF THE VALUE OF DEPRECIATION OF BUILDINGS ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT." Science and Transport Progress, no. 12 (September 25, 2006): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2006/18873.
Анотація:
With development of market relations the increasing actuality, including on a railway transportation, questions of assessment of actives is obtained. Assessment of actives is necessary for their book keeping, selling, rent, deposit etc., and also for privatizations. Article is devoted to development of methods of determination of depreciation of the structures caused by their physical deterioration. In article the model for definition of suitability coefficient for structures in which performance of major repairs does not practice and is received, the net operational profit from which may be considered as a constant during term of useful use. It is revealed, that factors of cost deterioration in this case are: rate of discounting of investments in similar property, the general term of economic life of a building, a share of cost of liquidation in cost of replacement (reconstruction), residual term of economic life.
6
Wong, Chung F. "Improving ensemble docking for drug discovery by machine learning." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 18, no. 03 (May 2019): 1920001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633619200013.
Анотація:
Ensemble docking has provided an inexpensive method to account for receptor flexibility in molecular docking. However, it is still unclear how best to use the docking scores from multiple structures to classify compounds into actives and inactives. Previous studies have also found that the performance of classification could decrease rather than increase with the number of structures included in the ensemble. Machine learning could help to alleviate these problems.
7
Tejashri, Gursalkar, Bajaj Amrita, and Jain Darshana. "Cyclodextrin based nanosponges for pharmaceutical use: A review." Acta Pharmaceutica 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2013-0021.
Анотація:
Abstract Nanosponges are a novel class of hyper-crosslinked polymer based colloidal structures consisting of solid nanoparticles with colloidal sizes and nanosized cavities. These nano-sized colloidal carriers have been recently developed and proposed for drug delivery, since their use can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs and provide prolonged release as well as improve a drug’s bioavailability by modifying the pharmacokinetic parameters of actives. Development of nanosponges as drug delivery systems, with special reference to cyclodextrin based nanosponges, is presented in this article. In the current review, attempts have been made to illustrate the features of cyclodextrin based nanosponges and their applications in pharmaceutical formulations. Special emphasis has been placed on discussing the methods of preparation, characterization techniques and applications of these novel drug delivery carriers for therapeutic purposes. Nanosponges can be referred to as solid porous particles having a capacity to load drugs and other actives into their nanocavity; they can be formulated as oral, parenteral, topical or inhalation dosage forms. Nanosponges offer high drug loading compared to other nanocarriers and are thus suitable for solving issues related to stability, solubility and delayed release of actives. Controlled release of the loaded actives and solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs are major advantages of nanosponge drug delivery systems.
8
HLADKY-HENNION, A. C., and J. N. DECARPIGNY. "APPLICATION DE LA MÉTHODE DES ÉLÉMENTS FINIS À LA MODÉLISATION DE STRUCTURES PÉRIODIQUES ACTIVES." Le Journal de Physique IV 02, no. C1 (April 1992): C1–387—C1–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1992183.
9
Bennacef, Chanez, Stéphane Desobry, Laurent Probst, and Sylvie Desobry-Banon. "Alginate Based Core–Shell Capsules Production through Coextrusion Methods: Recent Applications." Foods 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091788.
Анотація:
Encapsulation is used in various industries to protect active molecules and control the release of the encapsulated materials. One of the structures that can be obtained using coextrusion encapsulation methods is the core–shell capsule. This review focuses on coextrusion encapsulation applications for the preservation of oils and essential oils, probiotics, and other bioactives. This technology isolates actives from the external environment, enhances their stability, and allows their controlled release. Coextrusion offers a valuable means of preserving active molecules by reducing oxidation processes, limiting the evaporation of volatile compounds, isolating some nutrients or drugs with undesired taste, or stabilizing probiotics to increase their shelf life. Being environmentally friendly, coextrusion offers significant application opportunities for the pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture sectors.
10
Fisler, Lisa, and Antoine Gander. "Les syrphes comme indicateurs de la diversité fonctionnelle en forêt." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 172, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2021.0380.
Анотація:
Evaluer l’état écologique d’une forêt ou suivre son évolution sont des étapes essentielles pour valoriser des mesures actives de gestion pour la biodiversité. Ces mesures visent souvent l’amélioration des ressources disponibles pour la zoocénose, en diversifiant les structures, les habitats et microhabitats forestiers au sens large. Comme bio-indicateurs, les assemblages d’espèces des diptères Syrphidae réunis selon leurs traits de vie reflètent les ressources écologiques disponibles et permettent ainsi d’obtenir un indice d’intégrité fonctionnelle du système naturel ou semi-naturel étudié.
11
Lessard, Marc-André. "Serge Feld (dir.), Changements des structures par âge et populations actives, Liège, Acamedia Bruylant, 2007, 276 p." Recherches sociographiques 50, no. 2 (2009): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038054ar.
12
Pawar, Sandip, та Pravin Shende. "A Comprehensive Patent Review on β-cyclodextrin Cross-linked Nanosponges for Multiple Applications". Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 14, № 1 (24 квітня 2020): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210513666190603083930.
Анотація:
Background: : Currently, the most important challenge in the development of therapeutics and actives is their poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Objective: : The low aqueous solubility, poor pharmacokinetic properties, and bioavailability associated with novel actives manifest in numerous challenges in the formulation of conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, etc. Nanosponges are a novel class of drug delivery system capable of encapsulating or entrapping both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages offered by nanosponges which make them a promising anti-tumor drug delivery system. Methods: Nanosponges are colloidal structures comprising solid nanoparticles with cavities and meshlike structures for encapsulation of wide varieties of substances like antineoplastic agents, proteins and peptides, volatile oils, genetic material, etc. The methods of preparation of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges include solvent evaporation method, emulsion solvent evaporation method, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, hyper cross-linked cyclodextrin and interfacial phenomenon method. A large variety of nanosponges- based formulations are available in the market and some formulations of prostavastin, brexin, glymesason, mena-gargle, etc. are under clinical trials. Results: : Nanosponges possess potential applications in target site-specific drug delivery to liver, spleen, and lungs. Due to the surface functionalization, nanosponges show broad applications in water purification, protein delivery, chemical sensors, detection of explosives, agriculture, etc. In the near future, nanosponges-based products will capture a huge market for commercialization due to their improved properties and advantages. Conclusion: : This review provides an account of the patents related to nanosponges (2006-2018) and covers the broad applications of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, their roles in vaccine delivery, cancer therapy, fire engineering, water purification, etc.
13
Low, Yen S., Ola Caster, Tomas Bergvall, Denis Fourches, Xiaoling Zang, G. Niklas Norén, Ivan Rusyn, Ralph Edwards, and Alexander Tropsha. "Cheminformatics-aided pharmacovigilance: application to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 5 (October 24, 2015): 968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv127.
Анотація:
Abstract Objective Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models can predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and thus provide early warnings of potential hazards. Timely identification of potential safety concerns could protect patients and aid early diagnosis of ADRs among the exposed. Our objective was to determine whether global spontaneous reporting patterns might allow chemical substructures associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) to be identified and utilized for ADR prediction by QSAR models. Materials and Methods Using a reference set of 364 drugs having positive or negative reporting correlations with SJS in the VigiBase global repository of individual case safety reports (Uppsala Monitoring Center, Uppsala, Sweden), chemical descriptors were computed from drug molecular structures. Random Forest and Support Vector Machines methods were used to develop QSAR models, which were validated by external 5-fold cross validation. Models were employed for virtual screening of DrugBank to predict SJS actives and inactives, which were corroborated using knowledge bases like VigiBase, ChemoText, and MicroMedex (Truven Health Analytics Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan). Results We developed QSAR models that could accurately predict if drugs were associated with SJS (area under the curve of 75%–81%). Our 10 most active and inactive predictions were substantiated by SJS reports (or lack thereof) in the literature. Discussion Interpretation of QSAR models in terms of significant chemical descriptors suggested novel SJS structural alerts. Conclusions We have demonstrated that QSAR models can accurately identify SJS active and inactive drugs. Requiring chemical structures only, QSAR models provide effective computational means to flag potentially harmful drugs for subsequent targeted surveillance and pharmacoepidemiologic investigations.
14
Ermisch, John. "Économie, politique et changement familial." Population Vol. 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1994.49n6.1387.
Анотація:
Résumé Ermisch (John). - Économie, politique et changement familial L'évolution de la nuptialité, du divorce et de la fécondité, en Europe et dans les autres pays industriels depuis vingt ans, a profondément modifié les structures familiales. Dans le même temps, la proportion de femmes actives, en particulier les mères, a fortement augmenté. Le lien avec la baisse de la fécondité est établi trop souvent de façon simpliste. En fait, les changements ne sont que les éléments d'un ensemble complexe. A cause de leurs interactions mutuelles, on les comprend mieux en les prenant tous en même temps. Les changements du marché du travail et de la législation qui ont affecté l'emploi féminin se sont répercutés sur le divorce et la fécondité, de même que les modifications du divorce ont eu un écho sur la fécondité et l'activité féminine. Il en est résulté une évolution des structures familiales, qui a accru les risques de pauvreté, en particulier parce que s'est trouvée élargie la place des familles monoparentales. Le démêlage de cet écheveau de relations est un défi passionnant pour la recherche.
15
Das, Rabindra N., John M. Lauffer, Frank D. Egitto, Mark D. Poliks, and Voya R. Markovich. "Rediscovering Multilayer Rigid-Flex with Z-interconnect Technology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wp54.
Анотація:
Rigid-flex allows designers to replace multiple substrates interconnected with connectors, wires, and ribbon cables with a single package offering improved performance, reliability, and a potential cost-effective solution. However, processing and materials selection is critical in order to achieve high quality multilayer, rigid-flex structures. To date, there is no technology available which can economically produce high density multilayer rigid-flex with rigid or flex originating from any layer in the stack. In the present study, a novel strategy allowing for multi-layer rigid flex structures is reported. Specifically, metal-to-metal z-axis electrical interconnection among the flexible and rigid elements during lamination to form a single package rigid-flex structure is described. Conductive joints are formed during lamination using an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA). As a result, structures can be fabricated with multiple flexible elements at any arbitrary layer. Recent development work on flex joining using different pre-pregs is highlighted, particularly with respect to their integration in laminate chip carrier substrates, and the reliability of the joints formed between the rigid and flex surfaces. A variety of rigid-flex structures were fabricated, with 1 to 3 flex layers laminated into printed wiring board substrates. Photographs and optical microscopy were used to investigate the joining, bending, and failure mechanism. Several classes of flexible materials, including polyimides, PTFE, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), have been used to develop high-performance rigid-flex packages. Rigid-flex packages with embedded passives and actives are also being investigated.
16
Dragan, Paulina, Matthew Merski, Szymon Wiśniewski, Swapnil Ganesh Sanmukh, and Dorota Latek. "Chemokine Receptors—Structure-Based Virtual Screening Assisted by Machine Learning." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020516.
Анотація:
Chemokines modulate the immune response by regulating the migration of immune cells. They are also known to participate in such processes as cell–cell adhesion, allograft rejection, and angiogenesis. Chemokines interact with two different subfamilies of G protein-coupled receptors: conventional chemokine receptors and atypical chemokine receptors. Here, we focused on the former one which has been linked to many inflammatory diseases, including: multiple sclerosis, asthma, nephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Available crystal and cryo-EM structures and homology models of six chemokine receptors (CCR1 to CCR6) were described and tested in terms of their usefulness in structure-based drug design. As a result of structure-based virtual screening for CCR2 and CCR3, several new active compounds were proposed. Known inhibitors of CCR1 to CCR6, acquired from ChEMBL, were used as training sets for two machine learning algorithms in ligand-based drug design. Performance of LightGBM was compared with a sequential Keras/TensorFlow model of neural network for these diverse datasets. A combination of structure-based virtual screening with machine learning allowed to propose several active ligands for CCR2 and CCR3 with two distinct compounds predicted as CCR3 actives by all three tested methods: Glide, Keras/TensorFlow NN, and LightGBM. In addition, the performance of these three methods in the prediction of the CCR2/CCR3 receptor subtype selectivity was assessed.
17
Mekni, Nedra, Claudia Coronnello, Thierry Langer, Maria De Rosa, and Ugo Perricone. "Support Vector Machine as a Supervised Learning for the Prioritization of Novel Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 7714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147714.
Анотація:
In the last year, the COVID-19 pandemic has highly affected the lifestyle of the world population, encouraging the scientific community towards a great effort on studying the infection molecular mechanisms. Several vaccine formulations are nowadays available and helping to reach immunity. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest towards the development of novel anti-covid drugs. In this scenario, the main protease (Mpro) represents an appealing target, being the enzyme responsible for the cleavage of polypeptides during the viral genome transcription. With the aim of sharing new insights for the design of novel Mpro inhibitors, our research group developed a machine learning approach using the support vector machine (SVM) classification. Starting from a dataset of two million commercially available compounds, the model was able to classify two hundred novel chemo-types as potentially active against the viral protease. The compounds labelled as actives by SVM were next evaluated through consensus docking studies on two PDB structures and their binding mode was compared to well-known protease inhibitors. The best five compounds selected by consensus docking were then submitted to molecular dynamics to deepen binding interactions stability. Of note, the compounds selected via SVM retrieved all the most important interactions known in the literature.
18
Hassan, Heba H. A., Muhammad I. Ismail, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Frank M. Boeckler, Tamer M. Ibrahim, and Reem K. Arafa. "In Silico Targeting of Fascin Protein for Cancer Therapy: Benchmarking, Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Approaches." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031296.
Анотація:
Fascin is an actin-bundling protein overexpressed in various invasive metastatic carcinomas through promoting cell migration and invasion. Therefore, blocking Fascin binding sites is considered a vital target for antimetastatic drugs. This inspired us to find new Fascin binding site blockers. First, we built an active compound set by collecting reported small molecules binding to Fascin’s binding site 2. Consequently, a high-quality decoys set was generated employing DEKOIS 2.0 protocol to be applied in conducting the benchmarking analysis against the selected Fascin structures. Four docking programs, MOE, AutoDock Vina, VinaXB, and PLANTS were evaluated in the benchmarking study. All tools indicated better-than-random performance reflected by their pROC-AUC values against the Fascin crystal structure (PDB: ID 6I18). Interestingly, PLANTS exhibited the best screening performance and recognized potent actives at early enrichment. Accordingly, PLANTS was utilized in the prospective virtual screening effort for repurposing FDA-approved drugs (DrugBank database) and natural products (NANPDB). Further assessment via molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns endorsed Remdesivir (DrugBank) and NANPDB3 (NANPDB) as potential binders to Fascin binding site 2. In conclusion, this study delivers a model for implementing a customized DEKOIS 2.0 benchmark set to enhance the VS success rate against new potential targets for cancer therapies.
19
Newton, C. Mike, Paul I. Deffenbaugh, Kenneth H. Church, Nathan B. Crane, and Clayton Neff. "Digital Manufacturing and Performance Testing for Military Grade Application Specific Electronic Packaging (ASEP)." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-wp13.
Анотація:
I. Abstract This paper will discuss the development of additive manufacturing as a process integration methodology for printed electronics and 3D printed structures. This integration enables the ability to move from printed circuit boards (PCBs) to printed circuit structures (PCS). Historically packaging has been identified as a hierarchical (or levels) approach to interconnect electronic products or systems. Level one packaging addresses the interconnection between bare die and the module while level four moves up in the packaging chain to connections between subassemblies. With the advent of digital manufacturing and emergence of more robust materials, the enabling technology provides a manufacturing tool for building electronic packages with integrated passives (some printed) and actives. This further enables the capability to adjust the form factor to the mission or product requirements - also known as personalization. This ability to become form factor agnostic has produced the ability for printing or digitally manufacturing application specific electronic packages, ASEPs. With this emerging capability it begs the question of reliability and in particular to qualification for harsh environment applications. This paper will discuss the application of current standards, Mil-Std-883 or JESD93 for example and how these might be applied to ASEPs and to also explore the development of new or hybridization of current standards.
20
St-Gallay, Stephen A., Neil Bennett, Susan E. Critchlow, Nicola Curtis, Gareth Davies, Judit Debreczeni, Nicola Evans, et al. "A High-Throughput Screening Triage Workflow to Authenticate a Novel Series of PFKFB3 Inhibitors." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 23, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555217732289.
Анотація:
A high-throughput screen (HTS) of human 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) resulted in several series of compounds with the potential for further optimization. Informatics was used to identify active chemotypes with lead-like profiles and remove compounds that commonly occurred as actives in other HTS screens. The activities were confirmed with IC50 measurements from two orthogonal assay technologies, and further analysis of the Hill slopes and comparison of the ratio of IC50 values at 10 times the enzyme concentration were used to identify artifact compounds. Several series of compounds were rejected as they had both high slopes and poor ratios. A small number of compounds representing the different leading series were assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry, and the X-ray crystal structure of the complex with PFKFB3 was solved. The orthogonal assay technology and isothermal calorimetry were demonstrated to be unreliable in identifying false-positive compounds in this case. Presented here is the discovery of the dihydropyrrolopyrimidinone series of compounds as active and novel inhibitors of PFKFB3, shown by X-ray crystallography to bind to the adenosine triphosphate site. The crystal structures of this series also reveal it is possible to flip the binding mode of the compounds, and the alternative orientation can be driven by a sigma-hole interaction between an aromatic chlorine atom and a backbone carbonyl oxygen. These novel inhibitors will enable studies to explore the role of PFKFB3 in driving the glycolytic phenotype of tumors.
21
Singh, Natesh, Mariafrancesca Scalise, Michele Galluccio, Marcus Wieder, Thomas Seidel, Thierry Langer, Cesare Indiveri, and Gerhard Ecker. "Discovery of Potent Inhibitors for the Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) by Structure-Based Methods." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010027.
Анотація:
The large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a promising anticancer target that is required for the cellular uptake of essential amino acids that serve as building blocks for cancer growth and proliferation. Here, we report a structure-based approach to identify chemically diverse and potent inhibitors of LAT1. First, a homology model of LAT1 that is based on the atomic structures of the prokaryotic homologs was constructed. Molecular docking of nitrogen mustards (NMs) with a wide range of affinity allowed for deriving a common binding mode that could explain the structure−activity relationship pattern in NMs. Subsequently, validated binding hypotheses were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation, which allowed for extracting a set of dynamic pharmacophores. Finally, a library of ~1.1 million molecules was virtually screened against these pharmacophores, followed by docking. Biological testing of the 30 top-ranked hits revealed 13 actives, with the best compound showing an IC50 value in the sub-μM range.
22
ANTÓN-MÉNDEZ, INÉS. "Visual salience effects on speaker choices: Direct or indirect influences on linguistic processing?" Applied Psycholinguistics 38, no. 3 (October 11, 2016): 601–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716416000345.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThe effect of visual salience on speakers’ choices is investigated by contrasting the effects of both visual and linguistic manipulations on picture descriptions and eye movements. Two-character pictures were used, which can be described in one of two complementary ways (e.g., a cop chasing a robber can be described either from a chasing or from a fleeing perspective), and using simple actives or other alternative syntactic structures (e.g., “a robber is being chased by a cop”). The pictures were preceded by a verb priming one of the two perspectives and/or a preview of one of the two characters. The results show that the visual manipulation affects looks to the characters regardless of which perspective had been linguistically primed, but it only affects verbal descriptions in the absence of a linguistic prime. Linguistically priming one of the perspectives, in contrast, has a reliable effect on both looks to the characters and verbal descriptions. These results suggest that visual salience does not influence linguistic choices directly.
23
Bervidová, L. "Labour productivity as a factor of sustainable economic development of the CR agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 2 (February 29, 2012): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5288-agricecon.
Анотація:
A basic presumption of sustainable economic development of every branch is an efficient use of production factors. As a decisive production factor, it is possible to consider labour which actives other production. In such a way, labour creates sources for reproduction and improvement of other production factors; i.e. it creates sources for sustainable economic development. Efficiency of labour use as a production factor is generally evaluated by the level of labour productivity. To express its level, various indicators are used. Using the indicator of gross agricultural production per one worker, labour productivity grows, even with the decrease of production. The growth factor is there the decreasing number of workers. Using the indicator of value added per one worker, resp. per 1 CZK of labour costs, labour productivity decreases. Market factor lowers labour productivity on both input and output sides. The contribution issues from solving of the institutional research intention CEZ: J03/98: 411100013 “Efficient integration of Czech agrarian sector into the frame of European structures – presumption of sustainable development”.
24
Cimino, Andrea, Jennifer E. McWhirter, and Andrew Papadopoulos. "Évaluation de la superficie, du type et de la fréquentation des zones ombragées des terrains de jeu à Guelph (Ontario, Canada)." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 42, no. 5 (May 2022): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.42.5.04f.
Анотація:
Introduction La présence de zones ombragées dans les aires récréatives en plein air comme les terrains de jeu apporte des bienfaits variés en termes de santé publique. Ces zones peuvent prévenir la surexposition aux ultraviolets et, ainsi, le cancer de la peau. De plus, elles atténuent la chaleur et sont susceptibles de favoriser l’activité physique. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons et décrivons la superficie, le type et la fréquentation des zones ombragées des terrains de jeu publics. Méthodologie Au moyen d’un outil modifié de vérification de l’accès à des zones ombragées, nous avons évalué visuellement la superficie des zones ombragées de 85 terrains de jeu municipaux à Guelph (Ontario, Canada) durant l’été 2019. Résultats L’aire de jeu principale de la plupart des terrains de jeu (68 %) n’était pas ombragée. Même si les aires adjacentes des terrains de jeu offraient plus d’ombre que les aires de jeu principales, nous y avons également relevé une faible superficie de zones ombragées (entre 0 % et 30 %) pour bien des terrains de jeu (48 %). L’ombre observée dans les aires de jeu principales provenait d’arbres (ombrage naturel). Des structures permanentes destinées à créer des zones ombragées ont été observées aux abords de 13 % des terrains de jeu. La présence de zones ombragées aux abords des terrains de jeu est corrélée positivement au nombre de personnes (rs = 0,259; p = 0,017), d’enfants (rs = 0,270; p = 0,012) et de personnes actives (rs = 0,253; p = 0,020) utilisant ces espaces. Cette corrélation suggère que les personnes recherchent les zones ombragées des terrains de jeu et sont sans doute plus actives dans ces zones. Conclusion Les enfants ont peu de zones protégées du soleil à leur disposition sur les terrains de jeu. Des recherches plus poussées s’imposent pour déterminer la meilleure façon d’accroître la superficie des zones ombragées et pour étudier de plus près l’incidence de la présence de zones ombragées sur la fréquentation des terrains de jeu, ainsi que sur les niveaux d’activité, la température et l’exposition aux ultraviolets sur les terrains de jeu.
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Ba, De Ma, Shi Ning Ma, Fan Jun Meng, and C. Q. Li. "The Investigation of Surface Nanocrystallization of Structural Steel Induced by Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.811.
Анотація:
The nanostructured surface layers were fabricated on a hardened and tempered chrome-silicon alloy steel and a normalized medium carbon steel by mean of Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding (SFPB). The microstructure features in the treated surface layer were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Experimental results show the nanostructured surface layer is fabricated on both samples after SFPB treatment. The microstructure of the top surface is characterized by uniformly distributed nano-scale grains with equiaxed shape and random crystallographic orientations. The mean size of equiaxed nanocrystallites on the top surface layer is approximately 15-20nm for the SFPB treated medium carbon steel and Chrome-silicon alloy steel. During severe deformation the grain refinement in ferrite and cementite phases is observed, the cementite phases are exposed to breaking and dissolution due to mechanical alloying resulting in the formation of a supersaturated solid solution of carbon in α-Fe matrix. In the ferrite phase, the grains are refined by the process of dislocation actives and forming cell structures separated by dense dislocation walls (DDWs), as well as evolution of dislocation to subboundaries and grain boundaries.
26
Pirone, Domenico, Valentina Marturano, Rita Del Pezzo, Susana Fernández Prieto, Todd Underiner, Marta Giamberini, and Bartosz Tylkowski. "Molecular Design of Microcapsule Shells for Visible Light-Triggered Release." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050904.
Анотація:
The development of photo-responsive capsules to tune and control the sustained-release of encapsulated actives is a fascinating and challenging route to improve the performances and effectiveness of a wide range of delivery applications. In this work, we report the preparation of visible light-responsive capsules obtained via oil-in-water interfacial polycondensation between modified diacyl-chloride azobenzene moiety and diamine flexible spacer in the presence of cross-linkers with different structures and functionalities. The effect on the release profile of the encapsulated perfume oil was investigated using three flexible spacers with different lengths (1,8-diaminooctane; 1,6-diaminohexane and 1,4-diaminobutane) and two types of cross-linkers (1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride and melamine). We analyzed how the properties of microcapsules can be tailored changing the design of the shell structure. Fine tuning of the perfume release profiles was obtained. The changes in capsules size and morphology due to visible light irradiation were monitored via light scattering, optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Perfume release was 50% faster in the systems prepared with melamine as the cross-linker. Modelling studies were carried out to support the discussion of the experimental results.
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Ake, Alban, Atsé Roméo Franck Amian, Gopéyué Maurice Yeo, Assoi Olivier Etchian, Laurent Alla Yao, Adou Francis Yapo, and Mélécony Célestin Ble. "Analyse Socio-Demographique des Agricultureus et des Pesticides Utilises dans la Zone de Marnage du Lac Buyo (Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 18 (June 30, 2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n18p119.
Анотація:
La zone de marnage du lac de Buyo est devenue le site d’intenses activités agricoles avec utilisation de pesticides pour optimiser la production. Une enquête socio-démographique des agriculteurs a été réalisée afin de prendre en compte l’âge, le genre, le niveau d’instruction, les encadrements, les équipements de protections individuelles (EPI) et les pesticides utilisés pour identifier des matières actives. Pour 323 producteurs enquêtés, les résultats révèlent que 35 % des hommes ont plus de 55 ans, 98% des femmes et 77% des hommes sont des non scolarisés. L’encadrement des paysans par les structures étatiques est très faible avec 71,21% d’agriculteurs non formés, ce qui explique le pourcentage de 26,32% de personnes utilisant les équipements de protections individuelles. Le risque de contamination sanitaire et environnemental est autant plus élevé en raison de la rémanance et la dangerosité des pesticides identifiés comme le Degesch (phosphure d’aluminium) considéré très dangereux (classe Ib) par l’OMS et ceux de la classe II et III . En effet les producteurs n’observent pas les bonnes pratiques phytosanitaires et cela aura pour conséquence la contamination de l’eau et des ressources aquatiques par les résidus de pesticides.
The Lake Buyo tidal zone has become the site of intense agricultural activities with the use of pesticides to optimize production. A socio-demographic survey of farmers was carried out to take into account age, gender, level of education, management, personal protective equipment (PPE), and pesticides used to identify active ingredients. For 323 producers surveyed, the results reveal that 35% of men are over 55 years old, 98% of women and 77% of men are uneducated. The supervision of farmers by state structures is very weak with 71.21% of farmers not trained, which explains the percentage of 26.32% of people using personal protective equipment. The risk of health and environmental contamination is even higher due to the persistence and dangerousness of pesticides identified as Degesch (aluminum phosphide) considered very dangerous (class Ib) by the WHO and those of class II and III. Indeed, producers do not observe good phytosanitary practices and this will result in the contamination of water and aquatic resources by pesticide residues.
28
Miele, C., C. Lambrinidis, and M. Lacambre. "Les CRIAVS : des structures de service public destinées aux professionnels confrontés à la prise en charge des auteurs de violences sexuelles." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.117.
Анотація:
Les centres ressource pour les intervenants auprès des auteurs de violences sexuelles (CRIAVS) se sont développés depuis la circulaire DHOS/DGS/O2/6C no 2006-168 du 13 avril 2006. Présent dans chaque région en France, les CRIAVS accompagnent les professionnels dans la prise en charge des auteurs de violences sexuelles.La prise en charge de ces problématiques suscite des résistances chez les professionnels confrontés, et ce pour plusieurs raisons : les représentations que nous avons de cette population, les lacunes en matière de formation, mais aussi et surtout la complexité des dispositifs judiciaires qui s’offrent comme cadre à ces prises en charge (soins pénalement ordonnées) dans lesquelles le professionnel peut rencontrer des difficultés à définir ses droits, ses devoirs, mais aussi ses missions vis-à-vis de son patient. En outre, les professionnels soignants (psychiatres, psychologues) peuvent aussi être sollicités sur des missions d’ordre judiciaire : l’expertise ou la coordination médicale des injonctions de soin. Ainsi, la prise en charge, ou plutôt les prises en charges des auteurs de violences sexuelles posent de nombreuses questions cliniques, éthiques, légales et institutionnelles que les CRIAVS ont pour mission d’éclairer afin de soutenir l’ensemble des institutions et professionnels qui en ferait la demande. Or si ces structures sont aujourd’hui bien implantées et actives au plan régional et national (constitution de la Fédération française des CRIAVS), il est néanmoins nécessaire d’en promouvoir l’existence et d’en expliciter les missions afin de rendre l’accès à ses services le plus fluide possible.C’est pourquoi la Fédération française des CRIAVS propose une communication à destination des professionnels de la santé mentale, public privilégié de nos actions, comme invitation à se saisir de l’expertise des professionnels qui y exercent et se mettront volontiers à leur service.
29
Woodward, Philip W., Christine Williams, Andreas Sewing, and Neil Benson. "Improving the Design and Analysis of High-Throughput Screening Technology Comparison Experiments Using Statistical Modeling." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 11, no. 1 (October 18, 2005): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057105280779.
Анотація:
Contemporary small-molecule drug discovery frequently involves the screening of large compound files as a core activity. Subsequently cost, speed, and safety become critical issues. In order to meet this need, numerous technologies have been developed to allowmix andmeasure approaches, facilitate miniaturization, and to increase speed and tominimize the use of potentially hazardous reagents such as radioactive materials. However, despite the on-paper advantages of these new technologies, risks can remain undefined. For example, the question of whether the novel method will facilitate identification of active chemical series in a way that is comparable with conventional methods arises. In order to address this question, we have taken the approach of carrying out experiments to directly compare the output of high-throughput screens using a given novel approach and a traditionalmethod. The concordance between the screening methods can then be determined via comparison of the numbers and structures of the active molecules identified. This article describes the approach taken in our laboratory to minimize variability in such experiments and shows data that exemplifies the general result of lower than expected concordance. Statistical modeling was subsequently used to facilitate this interpretation. The model used distribution function to generate a real-activity frequency relationship with added normal random error and occasional outliers to represent assay variability. Hence, the effect of assay parameters such as the threshold, the number of real actives, and the number of outliers and the standard deviation could readily be explored. The model was found to describe the data reasonably and moreoverwas found to be of great utility when it came to planning further optimal experiments. A key conclusion from the model was that concordance between screening methods could appear poor even when one approach is compared with itself. This occurs simply because the result is a function of assay threshold, standard deviation and the true compound activity. In response to this finding we have adopted alternative experimental designs that more reliably measure the concordance between screening methods.
30
Takezawa, Akihiro, Kanjuro Makihara, Nozomu Kogiso, and Mitsuru Kitamura. "CO-JP-1 Ground structure approach for PZT layout optimization in semi-active vibration control systems of space structures." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _CO—JP—1–1—_CO—JP—1–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._co-jp-1-1.
31
Manzo, Lawaly Maman, Yijuan Cheng, Ling Yang, Jiping Liu, Ya Hui Deng, Li Ping Sun, and Yu Liu. "Small-scale screening program for the identification of cytotoxic Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives based on Whole Cell Viability Assay." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 3, no. 02 (June 30, 2015): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.3.2.6.
Анотація:
For over last couple of decades, there has been a robust activity aimed towards the discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. An approach to identify starting points for new drug candidates is high throughput screening of compound library collection. In this work, we describe the application of a Tetrazolium-based, 96-well small scale screening assay to screen a mini library of 19 compounds bearing Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine structures against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Primary actives identified against HUVEC were retested and the IC50 value compounds were estimated for HUVEC. The screening program (Primary screening) identified 4 compounds with inhibition rate percentage ≥ 70% each. Retest screening of these compounds, taking into account criteria required for high cytotoxic compounds, afforded a panel of 1 compound for further biological analysis. This compound had IC50 value of 12.19µM, 12.16µM, 10.24µM, 20.43µM for HUVECs, SGC7901, MCF7, and HeLa respectively. Furthermore, a clonogenic assay was performed in order to confirm the cytotoxic activity of the selected compound on the survival and proliferation of MCF7. This compound was found to significantly effect the survival and proliferation of MCF7. Taken together, the selected compound, namely SCYJ32, was found to be highly cytotoxic against the numerous cell lines. Further studies are ongoing in order to unravel various mechanisms of action of this novel small compound.
32
de Sousa, Ana Carolina C., Keletso Maepa, Jill M. Combrinck, and Timothy J. Egan. "Lapatinib, Nilotinib and Lomitapide Inhibit Haemozoin Formation in Malaria Parasites." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 29, 2020): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071571.
Анотація:
With the continued loss of antimalarials to resistance, drug repositioning may have a role in maximising efficiency and accelerating the discovery of new antimalarial drugs. Bayesian statistics was previously used as a tool to virtually screen USFDA approved drugs for predicted β-haematin (synthetic haemozoin) inhibition and in vitro antimalarial activity. Here, we report the experimental evaluation of nine of the highest ranked drugs, confirming the accuracy of the model by showing an overall 93% hit rate. Lapatinib, nilotinib, and lomitapide showed the best activity for inhibition of β-haematin formation and parasite growth and were found to inhibit haemozoin formation in the parasite, providing mechanistic insights into their mode of antimalarial action. We then screened the USFDA approved drugs for binding to the β-haematin crystal, applying a docking method in order to evaluate its performance. The docking method correctly identified imatinib, lapatinib, nilotinib, and lomitapide. Experimental evaluation of 22 of the highest ranked purchasable drugs showed a 24% hit rate. Lapatinib and nilotinib were chosen as templates for shape and electrostatic similarity screening for lead hopping using the in-stock ChemDiv compound catalogue. The actives were novel structures worthy of future investigation. This study presents a comparison of different in silico methods to identify new haemozoin-inhibiting chemotherapeutic alternatives for malaria that proved to be useful in different ways when taking into consideration their strengths and limitations.
33
Salinas, Daniela, Sichem Guerrero, Cristian H. Campos, Tatiana M. Bustamante, and Gina Pecchi. "The Effect of the ZrO2 Loading in SiO2@ZrO2-CaO Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction." Materials 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010221.
Анотація:
The effect of the ZrO2 loading was studied on spherical SiO2@ZrO2-CaO structures synthetized by a simple route that combines the Stöber and sol-gel methods. The texture of these materials was determined using SBET by N2 adsorption, where the increment in SiO2 spheres’ surface areas was reached with the incorporation of ZrO2. Combined the characterization techniques of using different alcoholic dissolutions of zirconium (VI) butoxide 0.04 M, 0.06 M, and 0.08 M, we obtained SiO2@ZrO2 materials with 5.7, 20.2, and 25.2 wt % of Zr. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis also uncovered the shape and reproducibility of the SiO2 spheres. The presence of Zr and Ca in the core–shell was also determined by TEM. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that the c-ZrO2 phase changed in to m-ZrO2 by incorporating calcium, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The purity of the SiO2 spheres, as well as the presence of Zr and Ca in the core–shell, was assessed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method. CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD-CO2) measurements confirmed the increment in the amount of the basic sites and strength of these basic sites due to calcium incorporation. The catalyst reuse in FAME production from canola oil transesterification allowed confirmation that these calcium core@shell catalysts turn out to be actives and stables for this reaction.
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Ilunga, Ghislain L., Ethan I. Tshibinda, Fidel M. Mwangala, Maurice K. Nkulu, and Benjamin I. Kabyla. "Etat de lieux des Ressources Humaines en Santé dans la Province du Haut-Katanga : Perspectives d’avenir." Revue de l’Infirmier Congolais 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.62126/zqrx.2023711.
Анотація:
Introduction. Le développement des Ressources Humaines en Santé (RHS) est actuellement considéré par toutes les parties prenantes comme étant, le principal levier sur lequel il faudra agir pour redynamiser le secteur de la santé. L’objectif est d’identifier l’effectif des différentes catégories du personnel de santé dans les structures étatiques de la province et de déterminer les besoins pour les années à venir (2020). Matériel et méthodes. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive transversale utilisant la méthode prospective par la collecte des données actives et passives. La population d’étude était composée des agents de la fonction publique du secteur de santé dont l’effectif est de 4984 ; effectué dans la province du Haut-Katanga en 2016. Résultats. A l’issue de cette étude, il ressort que sur l’ensemble du personnel de santé du secteur étatique dont 3382 agents nouvelles unités (NU) soit 67,9% et 1602 soit 32,1% agents sous statut. En outre, les infirmiers étant plus représentés avec un effectif de 43%, suivi des administratifs 29,2% et les médecins 11,7% de l’ensemble de personnel de santé. Conclusion. Nous estimons que le ralentissement ou la non affectation de ces catégories diminuera la pléthore en RHS d’ici 2020, par contre encouragé la production des autres catégories et l’encouragement de l’affectation de ces derniers contribuera à assurer la meilleure qualité de soin de santé. Mots-clés : Etat de lieu, Ressources Humaines en Santé (RHS), Perspective d’avenir.
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Adilović Lubić, Amina. "Translation of the Passive Voice from English into B/C/S." MAP Education and Humanities 2, no. 2 (August 28, 2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53880/2744-2373.2022.2.2.45.
Анотація:
The passive voice is generally overused in English, hence the need to investigate how it translates to other languages, B/C/S in particular. It is also widely used in academic and business English in order to make the text diplomatic and objective, as it is preferable for business. The aim of this paper is to determine whether passive in business English texts remains intact after translation to B/C/S, and whether it plays a more central role in English or in B/C/S. After gathering data from 30 different academic articles related to economics, 63 passive structures were selected and analyzed. Subsequently, a comparison was made between them and their B/C/S counterparts in order to determine how many were translated literally to B/C/S, how many preserved the voice but changed the form, and how many samples changed both voice and form. It was discovered that 17 samples were translated literally to B/C/S, 25 retained their voice but changed the form, and 21 samples retained neither voice nor form. Based on the results obtained we have come to an expected conclusion that passive is not as present in B/C/S as it is in academic and business English, thereby it plays a more central role in English than it does in B/C/S. Interestingly, there were two examples where voice transformation was reversed, the B/C/S passives became English actives. We find such occurrences unusual, as the passive voice is typically more common in English than in B/C/S.
36
Margat, Aurore, Maud Giacopelli, Yann Hemon, Pierre Lombrail, and Rémi Gagnayre. "Évaluation quadriennale des programmes d’ETP en Île-de-France : un moyen de pilotage régional." Education Thérapeutique du Patient - Therapeutic Patient Education 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 20205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tpe/2018017.
Анотація:
Introduction : Dans le cadre de la première évaluation quadriennale des programmes d’Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient (ETP) en Île-de-France, l’agence régionale de santé d’Île-de-France a marqué sa volonté de décrire et d’analyser l’offre des programmes d’ETP initialement autorisés entre 2010 et début 2011. Méthode : L’étude s’est déroulé en deux temps à partir d’une démarche méthodologique mixte selon un design explicatif afin d’approfondir et expliquer les premiers résultats quantitatifs (obtenus par un traitement statistique des résultats au moyen de pourcentages) par des données qualitatives (à partir de focus groups). Résultats : Sur les 600 programmes franciliens autorisés entre 2010 et début 2011, 515 programmes ont été reconduits avec seulement 10 % d’arrêts après 4 ans. On constate une augmentation régulière du nombre de patients inclus dans les programmes d’ETP. L’offre est centrée sur Paris et la petite couronne par le simple fait que l’AP-HP est le principal promoteur de programmes. Trois quarts des programmes sont portés par des centres hospitaliers et seulement 18 % d’entre eux sont proposés en dehors. L’étude a confirmé le caractère multi professionnel et interdisciplinaire des programmes. Le soutien et la formation des équipes à l’évaluation des programmes d’ETP apparaissent comme une nécessité pour ces dernières. Discussion : L’investissement des acteurs de l’ETP est incontestable, tant par le nombre et la variété des programmes, les files actives de patients éduqués, que par la quantité de personnels mobilisés. Néanmoins, d’ETP est encore loin d’être homogène et équitablement répartie entre pathologies, les publics bénéficiaires, les territoires et les structures de soins. Ainsi, une telle étude questionne plus largement l’intégration de l’ETP dans une stratégie d’amélioration de la qualité de la prise en charge des maladies chroniques.
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Sobańska, Anna W., Adam Hekner, and Elżbieta Brzezińska. "RP-18 HPLC Analysis of Drugs’ Ability to Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5795402.
Анотація:
One hundred ten compounds of diverse structures (actives and excipients used in pharmaceutical preparations) were studied by RP-18 HPLC with acetonitrile-pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 1 : 1 (v/v) as the mobile phase. The relationships between the BBB permeation coefficients and the chromatographic parameters log k and (log k)/PSA were compared to those between the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation parameters and the RP-18 TLC descriptors Rf and Rf/PSA known from our earlier studies. It was found that the correlations between the BBB permeability and the HPLC data are slightly worse than those achieved for the thin-layer chromatographic data. MLR analysis based upon the physicochemical data confirmed the value of the molecular descriptors, related to the CNS bioavailability. These variables, combined with the HPLC data, made it possible to generate computational models, explaining 70–96% of the total variance of the CNS bioavailability. Contrary to TLC Rf, the advantage of the modification of HPLC log k with PSA (polar surface area) has not been confirmed and the results obtained with log k are superior to those obtained after a novel (log k)/PSA parameter has been introduced. Establishing a firm threshold limit of (log k)/PSA, log k, or even k and k/PSA to distinguish between the CNS+ and CNS− compounds was impossible. On the other hand, discriminant function analyses involving log k and (log k)/PSA as discriminating variables separated the CNS+ and CNS− compounds with the success rate ca. 90%. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the RP-18 HPLC analytical models are entirely successful in studies and predictions of the BBB permeability.
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Soong, T. T., and G. D. Manolis. "Active Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 113, no. 11 (November 1987): 2290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1987)113:11(2290).
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Vorobyeva, M. A. "LEADING INDIAN BUSINESS-GROUPS." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(48) (June 28, 2016): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-265-272.
Анотація:
The goal of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the leading Indian business-groups under the conditions of economical liberalization. It is shown that the role of modern business-groups in the Indian economy is determined by their high rate in the gross domestic product (GDP), huge overall actives, substantial pert in the e[port of goods and services, as well as by their activities in modern branch structure formatting, and developing labor-intensive and high-tech branches. They strongly influence upon economical national strategies, they became a locomotive of internationalization and of transnationalization of India, the basis of the external economy factor system, the promoters of Indian "economical miracle" on the world scene, and the dynamical segment of economical and social development of modern India. The tendencies of the development of the leading Indian business groups are: gradual concentration of production in few clue sectors, "horizontal" structure, incorporation of the enterprises into joint-stock structure, attraction of hired top-managers and transnationaliziation. But against this background the leading Indian business-groups keep main traditional peculiarities: they mostly still belong to the families of their founders, even today they observe caste or communal relations which are the basis of their non-formal backbone tides, they still remain highly diversificated structures with weak interrelations. Specific national ambivalence and combination of traditions and innovations of the leading Indian business-groups provide their high vitality and stability in the controversial, multiform, overloaded with caste and confessional remains Indian reality. We conclude that in contrast to the dominant opinion transformation of these groups into multisectoral corporations of the western type is far from completion, and in the nearest perspective they will still possess all their peculiarities and incident social and economical "colouring".
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Bertran, Pascal, Jean-Pierre Coutard, Bernard Francou, Jean-Claude Ozouf, and Jean-Pierre Texier. "Données nouvelles sur l’origine du lintage des grèzes : implications paléoclimatiques." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 46, no. 1 (November 23, 2007): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032891ar.
Анотація:
RÉSUMÉÀ partir de l'étude détaillée d'une grèze litée répondant à la définition granulo-métrique proposée par Guillien, les différentes hypothèses avancées concernant les processus de mise en place de ces dépôts ont été ré-examinées. Les données recueillies lors des observations de terrain, les résultats des analyses sédimentologiques et ceux de l'analyse micromorphologique ont permis de cerner le processus dominant conduisant à la stratification des grèzes. Le rôle majeur attribué au ruissellement par Guillien est remis en question par l'absence de figures d'incision, de granoclassements longitudinaux, de structures obliques ou entrecroisées. L'hypothèse congélifluxion-ruissellement de Journaux ne permet pas d'expliquer les granoclassements verticaux; par ailleurs, le ruissellement diffus ne peut seul aboutir à la formation d'une « table » bien marquée au sommet des lits gras. En revanche, Journaux et Francou font appel à la solifluxion pour la mise en place des lits gras. Le modèle andin de Francou qui privilégie la cryoreptation nous semble le mieux adapté pour expliquer le litage des grèzes charentaises. Les granoclassements verticaux, les contacts entre les lits, les figures sedimentaires observés dans le milieu andin ont été retrouvés dans les grèzes litées charentaises. Le mécanisme de la nappe-coulée a donc été retenu comme moteur essentiel de la stratogénèse. De ce fait, le contexte climatique d'élaboration des grèzes est caractérisé par la grande fréquence de cycles gel-dégel brefs, superficiels et des apports de neige faibles mais renouvelés fournissant l'eau nécessaire à une cryoclastie et à une cryoreptation actives. La formation des grèzes litées se situerait donc pendant les phases froides et humides qui ont été les plus durables au cours du dernier cycle glaciaire, la phase plus froide et plus sèche terminale ayant provoqué le remaniement du sommet de la grèze (fauchages, cryoturbations).
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Ojo, Oluwafemi Adeleke, Adebola Busola Ojo, Charles Okolie, Mary-Ann Chinyere Nwakama, Matthew Iyobhebhe, Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan, Charles Obiora Nwonuma, et al. "Deciphering the Interactions of Bioactive Compounds in Selected Traditional Medicinal Plants against Alzheimer’s Diseases via Pharmacophore Modeling, Auto-QSAR, and Molecular Docking Approaches." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071996.
Анотація:
Neurodegenerative diseases, for example Alzheimer’s, are perceived as driven by hereditary, cellular, and multifaceted biochemical actions. Numerous plant products, for example flavonoids, are documented in studies for having the ability to pass the blood-brain barrier and moderate the development of such illnesses. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) has achieved importance in the drug discovery world; innovative developments in the aspects of structure identification and characterization, bio-computational science, and molecular biology have added to the preparation of new medications towards these ailments. In this study we evaluated nine flavonoid compounds identified from three medicinal plants, namely T. diversifolia, B. sapida, and I. gabonensis for their inhibitory role on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, using pharmacophore modeling, auto-QSAR prediction, and molecular studies, in comparison with standard drugs. The results indicated that the pharmacophore models produced from structures of AChE, BChE and MAO could identify the active compounds, with a recuperation rate of the actives found near 100% in the complete ranked decoy database. Moreso, the robustness of the virtual screening method was accessed by well-established methods including enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Boltzmann-enhanced discrimination of receiver operating characteristic (BEDROC), and area under accumulation curve (AUAC). Most notably, the compounds’ pIC50 values were predicted by a machine learning-based model generated by the AutoQSAR algorithm. The generated model was validated to affirm its predictive model. The best models achieved for AChE, BChE and MAO were models kpls_radial_17 (R2 = 0.86 and Q2 = 0.73), pls_38 (R2 = 0.77 and Q2 = 0.72), kpls_desc_44 (R2 = 0.81 and Q2 = 0.81) and these externally validated models were utilized to predict the bioactivities of the lead compounds. The binding affinity results of the ligands against the three selected targets revealed that luteolin displayed the highest affinity score of −9.60 kcal/mol, closely followed by apigenin and ellagic acid with docking scores of −9.60 and −9.53 kcal/mol, respectively. The least binding affinity was attained by gallic acid (−6.30 kcal/mol). The docking scores of our standards were −10.40 and −7.93 kcal/mol for donepezil and galanthamine, respectively. The toxicity prediction revealed that none of the flavonoids presented toxicity and they all had good absorption parameters for the analyzed targets. Hence, these compounds can be considered as likely leads for drug improvement against the same.
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Sande, José, Enrique Peña, and Enrique Maciñeira. "DAMAGE CRITERIA IN ROUNDHEADS ARMOURED WITH A SINGLE LAYER OF CUBIPOD ARMOR UNITS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.13.
Анотація:
The present paper covers the analysis of damage in a single-layer roundhead armored with Cubipods. This study was carried through physical model tests. Firstly, the analysis of the damage in these structures has not been an intensive studied topic. It is normally defined when a piece doesn’t contribute in the stability on the single layer armor and, due to, a new damage criteria was proposed. In addition, vertical and sectorial size of active zone was defined. It could be possible defined three different phases in the evolution of damage due to the homogenous behavior for the roundhead. The most damage sector is 90-135º, and the neighbors, 45-90º and 135-180º, but damage in 45-90º is greater in frequency and value. Also, the dimensionless parameters of roundhead size (Rn, R/H and R/L) are involved in this phenomenon. Besides, the vertical size of active zone is defined in ±1.5Hs since sea water level (SWL), being the wave steepness is the principal parameter involved. It was proposed two level of damage: start of damage (D [%] =0.4) and failure (D [%] =11). Finally, it has been measure the reserve of stability. It is defined like the percentage of wave that the roundhead is able to resists between 2 levels of damage. This parameter allows analyzes the rigid behavior of the roundhead single layer armor. The value of this parameter, except one case, is RE [%] =9. It was conclude that wave steepness is a relevant parameter, when it increased the reserve is reduces.
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Das, Rabindra, Steven Rosser, and Frank Egitto. "Advanced Microelectronics Packaging Solutions for Miniaturized Medical Devices." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (January 1, 2013): 001963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-tha24.
Анотація:
The wide range of applications for medical electronics drives unique requirements that can differ significantly from commercial & military electronics. To accomplish this, new packaging structures need to be able to integrate more dies with greater function, higher I/O counts, smaller die pad pitches, and high reliability, while being pushed into smaller and smaller footprints. As a result, the microelectronics industry is moving toward alternative, innovative approaches as solutions for squeezing more function into smaller packages. In the present report, key enablers for achieving reduction in size, weight, and power (SWaP) in electronic packaging for a variety of medical applications are discussed. Advanced microelectronics packaging solutions with embedded passives are enabling SWaP reductions. Implementation of these solutions has realized up to 27X reduction in physical size for existing PWB assemblies, with significant reductions in weight. Shorter interconnects can also reduce or eliminate the need for termination resistors for some net topologies. Successful miniaturized products integrate the following design techniques and technologies: component footprint reduction, thin high density interconnects substrate technologies, I/O miniaturization and IC assembly capabilities. This paper presents fabrication and electrical characterization of embedded actives and passives on organic multilayered substrates. We have designed and fabricated several printed wiring board (PWB) and flip-chip package test vehicles focusing on embedded chips, resistors, and capacitors. Embedded passive technology further enhances miniaturization by enabling components to be moved from the surface of the substrate to its internal layers. The use of thin film resistor material allows creating individual miniaturized buried resistors. These resistors provide additional length and width reduction with negligible increases to the overall substrate and module (SiP) height. Resistor values can vary from 5 ohm to 50 Kohm with tolerances from 5 to 20% and areas as small as 0.2 mm2. The embedded resistors can be laser trimmed to a tolerance of <5% for applications that require tighter tolerance. The electrical properties of embedded capacitors fabricated from polymer-ceramic nanocomposites showed a stable capacitance and low loss over a wide frequency and temperature range. A few test vehicles were assembled to do system level analysis. Manufacturing methods and materials for producing advanced organic substrates and flex along with ultra fine pitch assemblies are discussed. A case study detailing the fabrication of a flexible substrate for use in an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter demonstrates how the challenges of miniaturization are met. These challenges include use of ultra-thin polymer films, extreme fine-feature circuitization, and assembly processes to accommodate die having reduced die pad pitch. In addition, new technologies for embedding a variety of active chips are being developed. A variety of active chips, including a chip having dimensions of one millimeter square, have been embedded and electrically connected to develop high performance packages.
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Kashima, Hiroaki, and Haruo Yoneyama. "DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF 5, 10 AND 15 MW FIXED-BOTTOM OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES IN WIND AND WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (October 2, 2023): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.54.
Анотація:
In recent years, the offshore wind turbine industry has become more active in response to the movement toward carbon neutrality by 2050, and technological development of large-scale offshore wind turbines (OWTs) with improved power generation efficiency and high economic efficiency has progressed. However, little is known about their response characteristics and the relationship between the scale of power generation and the response characteristics of OWTs. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences in the dynamic response of fixed-bottom OWTs with different power generation scales in wind and waves through load-coupled analysis.
45
Abay, Bahattin. "Laterally Inhomogeneous Barrier Height Analysis for Thermally Annealed CuNiTi/p-InP Contacts." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.127.
Анотація:
The fabrication of thermally stable Schottky contacts with high barrier height (BH) to InP is one of the main challenges for InP-based device technology. CuNiTi/p-InP Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) (25 dots) on p-InP substrate were fabricated by conventional vacuum deposition. Characteristic parameters such as BH and ideality factor (n) of as-deposited and annealed CuNiTi/p-InP diodes have been computed by thermionic emission (TE) theory from the forward-bias current-voltage (I-V) data, at room temperature and in dark. The value of BH and n varies from 0.452 to 0.631 eV and 1.172 to 2.815, respectively for the as-deposited SBDs. The results showed that characteristic parameters of CuNiTi/p-InP structures differ from one device to another even though they were identically prepared. Hence, to overcome these problems post thermal annealing was implemented since the annealing process can improve the interfacial quality as well as can induce a recrystallization of the gate metals. BH values for CuNiTi/p-InP SBDs have also varied from 0.765 to 0.804 eV, and ideality factor n from 1.161 to 1.253 after annealing at 500 °C for two minutes. As a result of the thermal annealing, it has been seen that the BH values of the annealed SBDs are larger than those of the as-deposited ones. A statistical study on the diode parameters has been made. The experimental BH and ideality factor distributions were fitted by a Gaussian distribution (GD) function. Lateral homogeneous BH (φhom.) values of 0.628 eV and 0.886 eV for the as-deposited and annealed CuNiTi/p-InP SBDs has been obtained from the φeff.-n plots by using Tung’s lateral inhomogeneity approach. An increment of 0.258 eV in the BH for the 500 °C annealing devices with respect to that of the as-deposited ones has been ascribed to the formation of the positively charged interface defects that electrically actives in the metal-semiconductor (MS) interface.
46
Itoh, T., T. Shimomura, and H. Okubo. "2B15 Semi-active Vibration Control of Smart Structures with Sliding Mode Control." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2010 (2010): _2B15–1_—_2B15–11_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2010._2b15-1_.
47
Banijamali, Babak, and Morteza Banijamali. "BASIC DESIGN OF THE PARS PETROCHEMICAL PORT BREAKWATERS WITHIN A REGION OF DEEP WATER AND HIGH SEISMIC ACTIVITY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 30, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.36.
Анотація:
This article addresses certain notable breakwater design aspects for the rare case of the Pars Petrochemical Port, where fairly slender rubble-mound breakwaters are located in water depths exceeding 32 meters within a seismically active zone. Due to the cryogenic cargo pipe-racks being placed atop breakwater crests, the design process has had to be concerned with seismic risks where the stability and deformations of breakwaters during earthquakes are important enough to govern the overall design as well as the more conventional hydraulic and geotechnical considerations. Moreover, some construction related issues pertinent to this fast-track project and the use of dredged material in the breakwater core are also discussed.
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Sarker, Dipak K. "Architectures and Mechanical Properties of Drugs and Complexes of Surface-Active Compounds at Air-Water and Oil-Water Interfaces." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 16, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163814666171117132202.
Анотація:
Background: Drugs can represent a multitude of compounds from proteins and peptides, such as growth hormones and insulin and on to simple organic molecules such as flurbiprofen, ibuprofen and lidocaine. Given the chemical nature of these compounds two features are always present. A portion or portions of the molecule that has little affinity for apolar surfaces and media and on the contrary a series of part or one large part that has considerable affinity for hydrophilic, polar or charged media and surfaces. A series of techniques are routinely used to probe the molecular interactions that can arise between components, such as the drug, a range of surface– active excipients and flavor compounds, for example terpenoids and the solvent or dispersion medium. Results: Fifty-eight papers were included in the review, a large number (16) being of theoretical nature and an equally large number (14) directly pertaining to medicine and pharmacy; alongside experimental data and phenomenological modelling. The review therefore simultaneously represents an amalgam of review article and research paper with routinely used or established (10) and well-reported methodologies (also included in the citations within the review). Experimental data included from various sources as diverse as foam micro-conductivity, interferometric measurements of surface adsorbates and laser fluorescence spectroscopy (FRAP) are used to indicate the complexity and utility of foams and surface soft matter structures for a range of purposes but specifically, here for encapsulation and incorporation of therapeutics actives (pharmaceutical molecules, vaccines and excipients used in medicaments). Techniques such as interfacial tensiometry, interfacial rheology (viscosity, elasticity and visco-elasticity) and nanoparticle particle size (hydrodynamic diameter) and charge measurements (zeta potential), in addition to atomic force and scanning electron microscopy have proven to be very useful in understanding how such elemental components combine, link or replace one another (competitive displacement). They have also proven to be both beneficial and worthwhile in the sense of quantifying the unseen actions and interplay of adsorbed molecules and the macroscopic effects, such as froth formation, creaming or sedimentation that can occur as a result of these interactions. Conclusion: The disclosures and evaluations presented in this review confirm the importance of a theoretical understanding of a complex model of the molecular interactions, network and present a framework for the understanding of really very complex physical forms. Future therapeutic developers rely on an understanding of such complexity to garner a route to a more successful administration and formulation of a new generation of therapeutic delivery systems for use in medicine.
49
Ji Shiyu, 姬世宇, 熊聪 Xiong Cong, 祁琼 Qi Qiong, 常津源 Chang Jinyuan, 李伟 Li Wei, 刘素平 Liu Suping та 马骁宇 Ma Xiaoyu. "905 nm多有源区半导体激光器芯片结构优化设计". Acta Optica Sinica 43, № 13 (2023): 1314001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos230479.
50
Freeman, Elizabeth, Kristen Splinter, and Ron Cox. "FLOATING BREAKWATERS AS PUBLIC PLATFORMS – IMPACT ON POSTURAL STABILITY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.63.
Анотація:
Floating Breakwaters are used extensively to provide cost effective protection from wind and vessel waves. Floating breakwaters are commonly multitasked, being used as a point of mooring for vessels or simply an access way to other pontoons in a small boat harbour, as well as their main function as wave dissipators. A floating breakwater does not completely stop the incident wave; rather it partially transmits, partially reflects and partially dissipates the wave energy. Cox et al (2007) completed wave flume testing of a number of floating breakwaters and reported on performance in irregular waves with particular emphasis on wave transmission and reflection, energy dissipation and restraining forces. Motion measurements were limited by the instrumentation. This paper discusses the results from a further series of laboratory experiments on the dynamic motions of an active floating breakwater system. The performance is related to wave attenuation, wave reflection and energy dissipation as well as safety considerations for standing persons based on high resolution measurements of accelerations in all six degrees of freedom.