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1
Hureïki, L., and J. P. Croué. "Identification par couplage CG/SM des sous-produits de chloration de deux acides aminés libres, la proline et la méthionine." Revue des sciences de l'eau 10, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705280ar.
Анотація:
L'objectif de ces travaux a consiste en l'identification des sous-produits de chloration de deux acides aminés libres, la proline et la méthionine, structures reconnues pour leur grande réactivité avec le chlore. Les expériences ont été conduites a pH 8 pour un taux de chlore fixe à 8 moles de chlore par mole d'acide aminé et un temps de contact de 72 heures. Les sous-produits de chloration ont été extraits successivement par le pentane et le diethyl éther (pH acide et pH basique, extraction suivie d'une dérivation au diazométhane) et identifiés par couplage CG/SM. L'essentiel des sous-produits de chloration identifiés a été observé dans l'extrait éthéré obtenu à pH acide, que ce soit pour la proline ou la méthionine. Les acides dichloroacétique et trichloroacétique, composés retrouvés dans les eaux de surface désinfectées au chlore, ont été détectés pour les deux molécules étudiées. Les travaux effectués avec la proline ont permis d'identifier également la N- chlorodichloroacétamide et la N-chlorotrichloroacétamide. On peut noter également la formation de quelques chloroacides présentant un groupement terminal aldehyde ou nitrile caractéristique, ainsi que des composeé à structure pyrrole. En ce qui concerne la méthionine, les analyses par couplage CG/SM ont permis d'identifier quelques composés organiques chlorosoufrés comme le chlorure de méthyle sulfonyle, le chlorure de chlorométhylesulfonyle et le dichloro-1,1 diméthyle sulfonyle, ainsi que du soufre moléculaire S8.
2
Karanastasi, Eirini, Evangelos Vellios, Ian Roberts, Stuart MacFarlane, and Derek J. F. Brown. "The application of safranin-O for staining virus-vector trichodorid nematodes for electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy." Nematology 2, no. 2 (2000): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100508980.
Анотація:
Abstract Post-fixation with osmium tetroxide (OsO4), prior to examination by electron microscopy, enables nematodes to be located in epoxy-resin blocks, and improves contrast of ultrastructural features. For specimen visibility, alternatives to OsO4 were examined as it can inhibit antigenicity, thus preventing application of serological techniques. Basic fuchsin stain does not affect antigenicity and when applied to trichodorids enabled specimens to be readily located in the block, but had several disadvantages such as causing substantial alteration of the nematode structure. Safranin-O stain enabled Paratrichodorus anemones and P. pachydermus specimens to be located in resin blocks, different parts of the nematode body to be distinguished, and did not affect specimen ultrastructure. Also, with viruliferous specimens it allowed immunogold labelling techniques to be applied for identifying tobacco rattle virus particles at the site of retention in the nematodes. Safranin-O is fluorescent and this feature was used to examine sections from the spicula region of a male P. pachydermus specimen under a confocal laser scanning microscope. La post-fixation au tétroxyde d’osmium (OsO4) avant l’observation en microscopie électronique empêche la localisation des nématodes dans les blocs de résine epoxy et augmente le contraste des caractéristiques ultrastructurales. Pour la localisation des spécimens, des solutions alternatives au OsO4, qui peut inhiber l’antigénicité et donc empêcher l’application de techniques sérologiques, ont été examinées. Le coloration à la fuschine basique n’affecte pas l’antigénicité et permet de situer les spécimens dans les blocs, mais elle présente de nombreux désavantages telle l’altération substantielle des structures du nématode. La safranine-O permet la localisation de Paratrichodorus anemones et de P. pachydermus, les différentes parties du corps du nématode étant alors identifiables, et n’affecte en rien l’ultrastructure du nématode. Chez les spécimens portant des virus, elle permet également l’utilisation de techniques de marquage immunologique à l’or pour identifier les particules du virus du tobacco rattle dans les sites de rétention chez le nématode. La safranine-O est fluorescente et cette particularité a été utilisée pour observer des sections de la région des spicules chez un mâle de P. pachydermus en microscopie confocale à balayage.
3
Kopeć, Joanna. "Applicabilité du modèle cognitif des images schématiques dans l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’écrit au niveau universitaire." e-Scripta Romanica 9 (December 20, 2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2392-0718.09.03.
Анотація:
Les images schématiques sont des structures basiques qui émergent directement de notre expérience corporelle. Bien que dépourvues de contenu propositionnel, elles constituent directement le domaine source des métaphores des images schématiques (image schema metaphors) et participent indirectement à l’émergence des concepts plus spécifiques et plus élaborés. L’auteure examine l’image schématique du CHEMIN ainsi que ses modèles subsidiaires dans le cadre de la linguistique cognitive et évalue leur applicabilité dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères. Les notions d’image schématique et de métaphore conceptuelle ne sont pas uniquement théoriques mais permettent de structurer un texte et un discours. L’auteure démontre comment elles peuvent être appliquées dans l’enseignement de l’écriture figurative qui inclut toutes les formes d’écriture et ne se limite pas à la poésie ou à la fiction.
4
Le Sueur, Elisabeth, and Francoise Boudier. "Structures du complexe basique et ultrabasique de Trinity, Californie; genese d'une ophiolite atypique." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France II, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.ii.6.1007.
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Bouillon, F., and A. Wafelaer. "Note Concernant La Structure De l'Hydroxyde et Des Sels Basiques De Cuivre." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 64, no. 7-8 (September 1, 2010): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19550640708.
6
AVANZI, MATHIEU, ANNE LACHERET-DUJOUR, NICOLAS OBIN, and BERNARD VICTORRI. "Vers une modélisation continue de la structure prosodique: le cas des proéminences syllabiques." Journal of French Language Studies 21, no. 1 (January 27, 2011): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269510000517.
Анотація:
RÉSUMÉL'objectif de cet article est de présenter un outil développé en vue de modéliser semi-automatiquement la structure prosodique du français. Sur la base d'un alignement en phonèmes, notre système procède à la détection des syllabes proéminentes en prenant en considération des critères acoustiques basiques tels que la f0, la durée et la présence de pauses. À partir des mesures ainsi prises, le système attribue un degré de proéminence à chacune des syllabes identifiées comme saillante. Nous illustrons ensuite les résultats de l'analyse d'extraits du corpus PROSO_FR. Plus précisément, nous comparons l'analyse prosodique de phrases que l'on pourrait faire avec les règles traditionnelles de la phonologie prosodique avec l'analyse conduite par notre logiciel. Nous discutons ainsi de trois règles: la règle de dominance droite, la règle de clash accentuel et la règle des sept syllabes.
7
Boutin, Béatrice Akissi. "La variation dans la construction verbale en français de Côte-d’Ivoire." Revue québécoise de linguistique 32, no. 2 (February 15, 2008): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017541ar.
Анотація:
Résumé Cet article décrit quelques variantes dans les constructions verbales du français de Côte-d’Ivoire en contraste avec les constructions transitives et intransitives, les constructions locatives et leurs sous-structures possibles en français de France. Il montre que le système ivoirien de la langue est un système large, fait d’alternances de constructions et de possibilités d’effacement, mais qui le plus souvent s’inscrit dans l’évolution de la langue observée aussi ailleurs. Nous tentons de donner une vision d’ensemble des faits et de tenir compte, d’une part, de l’unité des phénomènes des diverses variétés de français de Côte-d’Ivoire, et d’autre part, de leur proximité de phénomènes semblables en français standard basique. Nous souhaitons, par la description qui suit, contribuer aux préliminaires d’un lexique-grammaire du français de Côte-d’Ivoire en rapport avec les autres variétés de français, au bénéfice des enseignants, des éditeurs et de toute personne s’intéressant à la langue.
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Reis, Adriana Aparecida De Jesus, and Mirian Salvestrin Bonetto. "As Molduras do Decamerone e do Pentamerone." Revista Italiano UERJ 12, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/italianouerj.2021.67595.
Анотація:
RESUMO: Giovanni Boccaccio, ao escrever sua obra-prima Decamerone no Trecento italiano (século XIV), emprega a narrativa-moldura para unir, em um encadeamento sucessivo, suas cem novelle. Procedente da retórica medieval e das narrativas orientais, a narrativa-moldura recebe de Boccaccio uma nova função: passa a integrar efetivamente a obra, tornando-se indispensável para a compreensão do todo. Giambattista Basile, escritor napolitano do Seicento (século XVII), retoma essa estrutura narrativa em sua coletânea de cinquenta contos maravilhosos intitulada Lo cunto de li cunti ovvero lo trattenemiento de peccerille, publicada postumamente entre 1634-36 em língua napolitana pela irmã do escritor. A obra-prima de Basile é também conhecida como Pentamerone ossia la fiaba delle fiabe, título atribuído pelo estudioso e crítico italiano Benedetto Croce em 1925, ao traduzi-la da língua napolitana para o italiano standard, em alusão à organização inaugurada por Boccaccio na Literatura Italiana a fim de tornar o livro napolitano mais conhecido na literatura nacional. Desse modo, em nosso estudo, temos o objetivo de investigar em que medida Giambattista Basile retoma o seu ilustre antecessor florentino, isto é, quais são os diálogos que a moldura do Pentamerone estabelece com a moldura do Decamerone, tendo em vista a diferença de contextos de produção entre ambos os livros.Palavras-chave: Boccaccio. Decamerone. Basile. Pentamerone. Narrativa-moldura. ABSTRACT: Quando scrive il suo capolavoro Decamerone nel Trecento, Giovanni Boccaccio usa il racconto-cornice per unire, in concatenamento, le sue cento novelle. Procedente dalla retorica medioevale e dalle narrazioni orientali, il racconto-cornice ottiene da Boccaccio una nuova funzione: comincia a integrare efficacemente l’opera, diventando indispensabile per la comprensione del tutto. Giambattista Basile, lo scritore napoletano del Seicento, riprende questa struttura narrativa nella raccolta sua costituita da cinquanta racconti fiabeschi ed intitolata Lo cunto de li cunti ovvero lo trattenemiento de peccerille. Quest’opera fu pubblicata dopo la morte di Basile, tra 1634-1636, in lingua napoletana da sorella dello scritore. Il capolavoro di Basile è anche conosciuto come Pentamerone ossia la fiaba delle fiabe, titolo assegnato dallo studioso e critico italiano Benedetto Croce nel 1925, quando lui ha fatto la traduzione dalla lingua napoletana all’italiano, facendo riferimento all'organizzazione inaugurata da Boccaccio nella Letteratura Italiana, affinché potesse diventare il libro napoletano più famoso nella letteratura nazionale. In questo modo, nel nostro studio, abbiamo l’obbiettivo di analisare a che punto Giambattista Basile riprende il suo illustre predecessore fiorentino, cioè, quali sono i dialoghi che la cornice del Pentamerone stabilisce con la cornice del Decamerone, in vista alla diferenza dei contesti di produzione tra entrambi i libri.Parole-chiave: Boccaccio. Decamerone. Basile. Pentamerone. Racconto-cornice. ABSTRACT: When Giovanni Boccaccio wrote his masterpiece Decamerone during the Italian Trecento (14th century), he used the frame story to unite, in a successive chain, his one hundred short stories. A precedent of medieval rhetorics and eastern tales, the frame story received a new role from Boccaccio: it started to effectively integrate the book and became indispensable for the understanding of the whole. Giambattista Basile, Neapolitan writer from the Seicento (17th century), reintroduces this narrative structure in his collection of fifty fairy tales named Lo cunto de li cunti ovvero lo trattenemiento de peccerille, posthumously published in Neapolitan language by his sister between 1634-1936. Basile’s masterpiece is also known as Pentamerone, title given to the book by the Italian scholar and critic Benedetto Croce in 1925, when he translated it to the standard Italian, as a reference to the narrative organization inaugurated by Boccaccio in Italian Literature in order to expand the Neapolitan book’s reach at a national level. Thus, we intend to investigate to what extent Giambattista Basile refers to his illustrious predecessor or, in other words, what kind of dialogue the Pentamerone’s frame story keeps with Decamerone’s, considering the different contexts of production of both pieces.Keywords: Boccaccio. Decamerone. Basile. Pentamerone. Frame story.
9
Marić, Antonela, Marko Dragić, and Ana Plavša. "THE GROTESQUE AND MYTH IN GIAMBATTISTA BASILE’S IL PENTAMERONE." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 36 (September 2021): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.9.
Анотація:
This paper, besides a short introduction concerning general information on themes and the structure present in the short story collection Lo cunto de li cunti overo lo trattenemiento de’ peccerille, written by the Italian Baroque author Giambattista Basile, whose masterpiece enjoyed great fame abroad much earlier than in Italy, is concerned with the analysis of fantastic and grotesque elements which generally characterise oral tradition, fairy tales and myths. The above-mentioned elements were identified in the fifty short stories which Basile wrote and included in his collection. Various sources were used in the analysis, relying on myths and fairy tales with the aim of explaining the presence of the grotesque. Besides its great literary value, this collection is also of great historical importance because, just like many other examples of oral tradition, it fosters a vast span of costumes and traditions that are typical of the Mediterranean folklore. From one tale to another, the collection slowly but surely reveals the Mediterranean identity of the people from the South of Italy and explains the function of the grotesque and its didactic purpose.
10
Tomshin, M. D., and S. S. Gogoleva. "Morphology of trap sills near kimberlites." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 23, no. 4 (September 8, 2023): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2023-23-4-579-588.
Анотація:
Research subject. Trap sills of the Daldin-Alakit diamond-bearing region of western Yakutia. Aim. To establish the reason for the influence of sedimentary rocks containing kimberlite diatremes on the introduction of basite magma that forms trap sills and the possibility of using the morphology of sills as a search signs for kimberlites. Materials and methods. Sections of trap sills near kimberlites, their structure, petrographic and petrochemical composition of dolerites performing sills were studied. Results. During the formation of kimberlite diatremes, accompanied by pulsating explosions shifting to the top, a significant compaction of the sedimentary rocks containing kimberlites occurs, associated with thermoelastic stress fields. This process leads to the formation of zones near kimberlites, which are difficult to penetrate for relatively viscous, protocrystalline-enriched basite magmas. When such magmas are introduced, the latter before kimberlites form torus-shaped shafts with a sharply increasing power in intrusions. Sometimes magma, flowing around kimberlites, creates “trappless windows”, occasionally splitting into low-power “tongues”. Quite frequently, before kimberlites, sills crumple, acquiring a wave-like shape. Conclusion. All the listed morphological features of traps arise during the introduction of magma, thus providing an indirect method of searching for kimberlites, particularly during the areal drilling of territories covered by continuous trap fields conducted by ALROSA in Western Yakutia.
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Baudu, Michel, Gilles Guibaud, David Raveau, and Pierre Lafrance. "Prévision de l'adsorption de molécules organiques en solution aqueuse en fonctions de quelques caractéristiques physico-chimiques de charbons actifs." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 631–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.034.
Анотація:
Abstract La production d'eau potable nécessite parfois une filtration sur charbon actif en vue d'éliminer des micropolluants organiques. Afin de développer un modèle prévisionnel de la durée de vie de ces filtres, il est nécessaire de bien connaître les caractéristiques des charbons influençant l'adsorption. Des caractéristiques de la structure physique (porosité et surface) et chimiques (fonction de surface), le potentiel zêta et les constantes thermodynamiques de neuf charbons actifs ont été déterminées et des essais de corrélation ont indiqué une certaine ligne de conduite pour l'utilisation de charbons de différentes origines. Des cinétiques et des isothermes d'adsorption de l'atrazine et du phénol ont été réalisées, ceci afin de mieux comprendre l'influence de la structure et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des charbons sur les mécanismes d'adsorption. L'étude a mis en évidence les points suivants : (i) le nombre de sites primaires polaires d'adsorption augmente lorsque le nombre de fonctions acides augmente et lorsque le nombre de fonctions basiques diminue ; (ii) la capacité maximale d'eau adsorbée augmente avec la surface spécifique et diminue avec le nombre de fonctions acides du charbon ; (iii) l'adsorption de l'atrazine (molécule peu polaire) est en partie contrôlée par des paramètres physiques comme la surface spécifique ; (iv) les groupements polaires facilitent l'adsorption du phénol (molécule très polaire), et : (v) les valeurs du potentiel zêta sont difficiles à interpréter : la présence de groupements fonctionnels non déterminés pourrait intervenir sur les mécanismes d'adsorption.
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ZVEZDOV, Vadim. "Structural and petrophysical formation environments of porphyry copper stockworks." Domestic geology, no. 6 (January 28, 2022): 3–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2021-10030.
Анотація:
Structural and petrophysical environments of porphyry copper deposit formation are discussed. The paper analyzes deformation host environment effect on porphyry intrusion and breccia pipe morphology, form and structure of associated stockworks and metal ore grades. It is shown that major and giant deposit formation primarily depends on poorly permeable rocks, carbonate sequences suffering plastic deformation at high temperatures and pressure, present above ore-bearing intrusive, or basic and intermediate volcanogenic and intrusive lava facies and highly resilient and strong metamorphic rocks. The presence of such structural and petrophysical “screens” resulted in fluid plume emergence and extensive ore accumulation. Dolomites, limestones and Fe-rich basite assemblages hosted by these sequences also acted as geochemical barriers for hydrothermal solutions facilitating high-grade ore deposition.
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Bouarab, Rabah, Amel Boudjemaa, Mohamed Trari, Simona Bennici, and Aline Auroux. "Influence du support sur la structure cristalline, les propriétés acido–basiques et l'activité des systèmes à base de fer en réaction CO+H2O." Comptes Rendus Chimie 12, no. 3-4 (March 2009): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2008.07.001.
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Bianco, A., D. Scuticchio, M. Piva Merli, and M. O. Bertelli. "QuIQ (Quick Instrument for Quality of Life): A New Instrument for a Rapid Assessment of Generic Quality of Life." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2021.
Анотація:
IntroductionRecently, new patient-oriented outcome measures have emerged in mental health research and practice. Among these, generic quality of life (GQoL) has gained a central place and has come to represent a valid endpoint in most settings, from basic care programs to clinical trials, especially for the field of intellectual disability (ID). However, most studies still refer to health-related QoL, and the tools for the assessment of GQoL present many issues related to the structure complexity and administration time.AimThe purposes is to evaluate psychometric properties of a new rapid tool for the GQoL assessment named QuIQ (quick instrument for quality of life), originally constructed for use for people with ID.MethodsTwo hundred and ten persons with ID were consecutively administered with the QuIQ. A part of them were also assessed with the BASIQ, the Italian adaptation of the quality of life instrument package. QuIQ has the same conceptual framework and refers to the same areas of the BASIQ, but include a low number of dimensions (only attribution of importance and perception of satisfaction) and a factor way of score attribution such as visual analogue scale and graphic geometrical mean calculation.ResultsQuIQ showed good internal coherence (Cronbach's α = 0.92), inter-rater reliability (Cohen's K > 0.93), and concurrent validity (> 0.8) with BASIQ.ConclusionThese findings seem to display for the QuIQ good psychometric characteristics. They also suggest that it could be possible to apply rapid QoL assessment to all the range of people with ID. This could have very important implications for future massive use in different settings.
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Lykhin, D. A., V. V. Yarmolyuk, and A. A. Vorontsov. "Age, composition and sources of rocks and ores of the Okunevskoe fluorite-leucophanite deposit, Western Sayan: assessment of the contribution of magmatism to ore mineralization." Геология рудных месторождений 61, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-777061537-61.
Анотація:
The paper presents data on the structure of the Okunevskoe fluorite-Leucophanite deposit, located within the Early Paleozoic rare-metal East Sayan rare metal metallogenic zone. The deposit is controlled by alkali granitoids, with ore mineralization concentrated at the contact of granitoids and host carbonates. It is represented by leucophanite-fluorite and pyroxene-fluorite ore types. The Ar-Ar age of granitoids is established at ~485Ma. Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks, ores, and host carbonates are determined. It is shown that in geochemical parameters leucophanite-fluorite ores are close to alkaline granites, while pyroxene-fluorite ores are close to alkaline syenites. The characteristics of the Nd isotop composition in rocks and ores of the deposit are given. Igneous rocks (granitoids and basite dikes) are characterized byNd (t) values from +4 to +5.5. TheNd (t) values in ores range from +1.2 to+4.2, in skarns itis +4.8. The host carbonates have abruptly contrasting valuesNd (t) = 4.2. Based on these data, which demonstrate a high compositional similarity between granitoids and ores, aconclusion is drawn about the leading contribution from magmatic processes to the ore mineralization of the Okunevskoe deposit.
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Litvinenko, A. K., S. B. Moiseeva, Sh A. Odinaev, and V. A. Utenkov. "Geology of Chernogorskoe gem-quality skapolite deposit (Central Pamirs, Tajikistan)." Геология рудных месторождений 61, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-777061596-108.
Анотація:
The Montenegrin jewel scapolite deposit, which relates to a new genetic type, is characterized. It is located in the Central Pamirs (Tajikistan) and is localized in the sarydzhilginsk formation of the muzkol series (PR1). The enclosing rocks are metamorphosed basite-ultrabasic formations of the kukurt complex, among which harzburgites were first discovered.
Jewel scapolite mineralization contains albitite lenses. They were formed by the metasomatic replacement of nepheline syenites. The reaction occurred with a negative volume effect with a decrease in the volume of solid phases 14%, which caused the appearance of voids. Albitite bodies form a lenticular nesting structure. They have cross-cutting contacts. They are accommodated by amphibolites, which metasomatically replace melanocratic gabbroids and partially altered harzburgites. Jewelry scapolite is localized in 28 albitite lenses, the walls of the voids of which are inlaid with columnar purple scapolite. The sequence of processes at the field corresponds to the following scheme: formation of melanocratic gabbroids with small bodies of nepheline syenites metasomatic development in the first amphibolites, and in the second albitites with voids growth on the walls of the hollows of the hollow scapolite crystallization in the voids of the jewelry scapolite.
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Vladimirov, V. G., V. A. Yakovlev, and I. V. Karmysheva. "MECHANISMS OF MAGMATIC MINGLING IN COMPOSITE DYKES: MODELS OF DISPERSION AND SHEAR DILATATION." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2019-10-2-0417.
Анотація:
This article is focused on the intrusion and formation of combined dykes. Two main groups of conventionally magmatic mingling are distinguished: (1) plutonic bodies, and (2) combined dykes. The first group is represented by small basite inclusions that are uniformly scattered in granitoid bodies, and includes elongated swarms and tails of small bodies. The second group includes composite dykes with the indicators of mechanical mingling of basic and acid melts. Despite the similarities in the structural and textural features and the indicators of mechanical mingling of melts, these two groups are characterized by clearly different proportions of the volumes of contrasting melts and differ in the duration of formation, place of melt mingling, and tectonic setting. None of the available models was able to explain the occurrence of magmatic mingling structures in individual dykes. In our study, the mingling mechanisms of contrasting melts are discussed using the data on the geological objects located in West Sangilen, an area of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The general and specific parameters of combined dikes of the Saizyral and Tavyt‐ Dag sites are considered. The models of shear dilatation and dispersion are proposed for explaining the mechanisms of magmatic mingling in combined dykes.
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Gintov, O. B., V. Entin, S. V. Mychak, V. N. Pavlyuk, and S. I. Guskov. "Unique basite-metabasite structures of the Pobuzhsky ore mining region, their geological significance and ore-bearing prospects (by geophysical and geological data)." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 40, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v40i3.2018.137170.
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Tikhonenko, V. I., and A. Yu Turkin. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE BASITE STRUCTURE AND AGE OF A TRAP FORMATION IN THE BASIN OF THE VILYUY MID-CHANNEL – THE MARKH HEADSTREAM." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 4 (December 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2019-4-3-16.
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Dombrauskene, Galina N. "The Hidden Symbolism of Three Chorales for a Large Organ by Cesar Franck." Music Scholarship / Problemy Muzykal'noj Nauki, no. 1 (2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2782-3598.2022.1.083-092.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to one of the enigmatic compositions by French romantic composer Cesar Franck Three Chorales for Large Organ (1890). The traditional chorale arrangements are built on original church chants, which spread its connotation on all the parameters of the composition’s musical texture – tonality, musical-lexical units, rhythm, etc. The uniqueness of Franck’s chorales lies in the absence in them of direct quotations from liturgical practice, which provides a greater amount of complexity in the ways of interpreting this cycle. The main goal of the article is to find the semantic mechanisms based on an integrated approach, which includes the semiotic, hermeneutic, iconographic and iconological methods of analysis. Given Franck’s ability of drawing and his many years of working as a church organist of the Catholic church of St. Clotilde in Paris (Basilique Sainte-Clotilde), the author of the article notes the synesthesia quality of his musical thinking manifested in this work. The music of the chorales relies not on a textual-musical basis, but on spatial-visual iconography, which can be regarded as a manifestation of the synthesis of the arts, characteristic of the Romanticist composers of the 19th century. The author of the article puts forward the following assumption – that the cycle reflects the main doctrinal images of Christ, in terms of their spatial arrangement within the premises of the Catholic Church, according to the canon of the iconic scenario. The semantic structure of the work is based on the three-dimensional semantics of the premises of the church, symbolizing human beings’ path towards God.
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Sizykh, Alexander. "Ecotones and Paragenese (Object) as Indicators of Structure-Dynamical Organization of Vegetation on the Background of Climate Dynamics (The Lake Baikal Basine as an Example)." OALib 04, no. 01 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103310.
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Roggia, Carlo Enrico. "PLURIVOCITÀ, POLIFONIA E OPACITÀ DEI TESTI." Italiano LinguaDue 14, no. 1 (July 28, 2022): 617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/18317.
Анотація:
L’articolo rivisita il tema della polifonia (soprattutto nella sua manifestazione più esposta di discorso riportato) come dimensione costitutiva della testualità e insieme come tecnica di costruzione dei testi, prestando speciale attenzione alle sue manifestazioni complesse o sfumate, tali da sfidare la decodifica da parte dei destinatari. Rivisti i fondamenti semiotici del fenomeno e ritoccata la tipologia tracciata alcuni anni fa da E. Calaresu, quest’ultima viene presa come guida per passare in rassegna gli aspetti costitutivi del discorso riportato nelle loro ripercussioni ‘opacizzanti’, illustrate e discusse attraverso l’analisi di casi esemplari. In chiusura l’articolo si affaccia sulla polifonia intesa nel senso più lato di elemento pervasivo della comunicazione, operante anche al di sotto del livello testuale e inscritto nelle strutture basiche stesse della lingua.
Multivocality, polyphony and opacity of texts
The article revisits the theme of polyphony (especially in its most exposed manifestation of reported discourse) as a constitutive dimension of textuality and at the same time as a technique of text construction, paying special attention to its complex or nuanced manifestations, such as to challenge decoding by the addressees. Having reviewed the semiotic foundations of the phenomenon and tweaked the typology drawn a few years ago by E. Calaresu, the latter is taken as a guide to review the constitutive aspects of reported discourse in their 'opacifying' repercussions, illustrated and discussed through the analysis of exemplary cases. In closing, the article overlooks polyphony understood in its broadest sense as a pervasive element of communication, operating even below the textual level and inscribed in the very basic structures of language.
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Pliego Carrasco, Fernando. "Las estructuras de familia en Veracruz, 2015. Organización y dinámicas de cambio." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 11 (July 10, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i11.2564.
Анотація:
La Encuesta Intercensal 2015, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEGI), permite realizar un análisis estadístico detallado de las estructuras de familia en el estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, México. Para tal fin, utilizamos un enfoque multidimensional que considera cinco componentes fundamentales: dinámicas de autoridad, marco normativo de derechos y obligaciones, vínculos de parentalidad, procesos de estabilidad o transición, y sistemas básicos y complementarios de relaciones sociales. Al aplicar esta perspectiva analítica, encontramos cuatro tipos principales de hogares familiares en Veracruz, según estén encabezados por parejas casadas, parejas en unión libre, jefas y jefes de familia solos, divididos en 22 subtipos diferentes. En conjunto, abarcan 88.16% de los hogares de la entidad federativa, a lo que debemos sumar un 10.71% de hogares de personas solas, además de otro grupo pequeño conformado por cuatro tipos de hogares: corresidentes, de probable poligamia, parejas del mismo sexo y no especificados (1.13% en conjunto). También se hace un análisis comparativo con respecto a los resultados de los Censos de Población y Vivienda de 2000 y 2010.Palabras clave: Estructuras de familia, México, Matrimonio, Cohabitación, Padres solos Family structures in Veracruz, 2015. Organization and dynamics of changeAbstractThe Intercensal Survey 2015, from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEGI), allows for a detailed statistical analysis of family structures in the state of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Mexico. For this purpose, a multidimensional approach is used- This approach considers five fundamental components: authority dynamics, regulatory framework of rights and obligations, parenthood links, stability or transition processes, and basic and complementary systems of social relations. When applying this analytical perspective, four main types of family homes in Veracruz are found, as they are headed by married couples, couples in union, single female heads and male heads of families, divided into 22 different subtypes. Together, they comprise 88.16% of households in the state, to which we must add 10.71% of households of single people, in addition to another small group consisting of four types of households: co-residents, of probable polygamy, same-sex couples and unspecified (1.13% as a whole). A comparative analysis is also made with respect to the results of the Population and Housing Censuses of 2000 and 2010.Keywords: Family structures, Mexico, Marriage, Cohabitation, Single parents Les structures de famille à Veracruz, 2015. Organisation et dynamiques de changementRésuméL’Enquête Intercensitaire 2015, de l’Institut National de Statistique et Informatique (INEGI par ses sigles en espagnol) permet de réaliser une analyse statistique détaillé des structures de famille à l’État de Veracruz d’Ignacio de la Llave, Mexique.Dans ce but, nous utilisons une approche multidimensionnelle qui considère cinq composants fondamentaux : dynamiques d’autorité, cadre normatif de droits et obligations, liens de parentalité, processus de stabilité ou transition, et systèmes basiques et complémentaires de relations sociales.Appliquant cette perspective analytique, nous trouvons à Veracruz quatre principaux types de foyers familiaux, selon leur entêtement, par couples mariés, couples en union libre, chefs de famille hommes ou femmes tous seuls, divisés en 22 différents sous-types.Dans l’ensemble, ils couvrent le 88,16% des foyers de l’État, à cette quantité il faut ajouter un 10,71% des foyers de personnes seules, outre un autre petit groupe constitué par quatre types de foyers : Co-résidents, de possible polygamie, couples du même sexe et non spécifiés (1,13% dans son ensemble). On fait aussi une analyse comparative en ce qui concerne les résultats des Censéments de Population et Habitation de 2000 et 2010.Mots clés: Structures de famille, Mexique, Mariage, Cohabitation, Parents seuls
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Kopylova Albina, G. "Mineralogy and geochemistry of native iron." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012032.
Анотація:
Abstract Basite magmatism has been manifested repeatedly for a long time in various geodynamic structures within the eastern part of the Siberian platform. In the Middle Paleozoic, it was related to rifting processes, and in the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic – to the initiation and development of trap syneclises. Differences of the geodynamic regime of magma formation are displayed in the material composition of rocks. This report presents a generalizing study of the petro-geochemical features of the tholeiitic basaltic melts formed in different geodynamic settings. The initial magmas composition changes significantly at different stages of the magmatic system development. Using multicomponent analysis, we reviewed the impact of the fractionation processes of the basal melt, which occurred under various PT conditions, on its material composition. Among the trapp bodies there are powerful differentiated intrusions. A significant change of the composition occurs during the intra-chamber differentiation of the melt in a sequence of rock strata varied from the basic magnesian to felsic alkaline rocks. In the resulting series of rocks, the content of rare elements included in the lattice of the early femic phases decreases, as well as the accumulation of almost all incompatible elements. The evolution of melts of normal alkalinity occurs with an increase of REE content and their insignificant separation. Intrusions that have undergone the stage of high-pressure fractionation in the deep transitional chamber are of particular importance. As a result of such differentiation, a peculiar group of rocks is formed in the cross section of the Middle Paleozoic bodies, such as monzonite-porphyries in one case and anorthosite gabbro-dolerites - in the other. It is established that the monzoitoid type of differentiation is characterized by accumulation of LREE, LILE and elements of the zirconium group Nb, Ta, Hf and Y. Isolation of anorthosite gabbro-dolerites in the cross-section of bodies, as well as an increase in the content of aluminum, calcium, and strontium in them, is an indication of the anorthositic tendency of magmatic melt differentiation/When the basite-tholeiite melt interacts with the mantle reducing fluid in the deep core, its metallization occurs with the release of drop-liquid separations of native iron up to the formation of its large segregations. Intrusions with a large-scale content of native iron are found among the trap formations of Siberia. All this leads to a decrease in the total concentration and activity of iron in the partially metallized silicate matrix, there is a significant increase in the content of MgO and trace elements-Ni, Co, Cr. The Fe-phase-containing intrusives are characterized by minimal LILE, HFSE, and REE contents. Start your abstract here… 250 to 500 words concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should include the purpose of research, principal results and major conclusions. References should be avoided, if it is essential, only cite the author(s) and year(s) without giving reference list. Prepare your abstract in this file and upload it into the registration web field.
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Albina Kopylova, G., and S. Sargylana Gogoleva. "The Effect of Differentiation Processes in Tholeiite-Basalt Melts on the Rare Elements Distribution." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012031.
Анотація:
Abstract Basite magmatism has been manifested repeatedly for a long time in various geodynamic structures within the eastern part of the Siberian platform. In the Middle Paleozoic, it was related to rifting processes, and in the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic – to the initiation and development of trap syneclises. Differences of the geodynamic regime of magma formation are displayed in the material composition of rocks. This report presents a generalizing study of the petro-geochemical features of the tholeiitic basaltic melts formed in different geodynamic settings. The initial magmas composition changes significantly at different stages of the magmatic system development. Using multicomponent analysis, we reviewed the impact of the fractionation processes of the basal melt, which occurred under various PT conditions, on its material composition. Among the trapp bodies there are powerful differentiated intrusions. A significant change of the composition occurs during the intra-chamber differentiation of the melt in a sequence of rock strata varied from the basic magnesian to felsic alkaline rocks. In the resulting series of rocks, the content of rare elements included in the lattice of the early femic phases decreases, as well as the accumulation of almost all incompatible elements. The evolution of melts of normal alkalinity occurs with an increase of REE content and their insignificant separation. Intrusions that have undergone the stage of high-pressure fractionation in the deep transitional chamber are of particular importance. As a result of such differentiation, a peculiar group of rocks is formed in the cross section of the Middle Paleozoic bodies, such as monzonite-porphyries in one case and anorthosite gabbro-dolerites - in the other. . It is established that the monzoitoid type of differentiation is characterized by accumulation of LREE, LILE and elements of the zirconium group Nb, Ta, Hf and Y. Isolation of anorthosite gabbro-dolerites in the cross-section of bodies, as well as an increase in the content of aluminum, calcium, and strontium in them, is an indication of the anorthositic tendency of magmatic melt differentiation/When the basite-tholeiite melt interacts with the mantle reducing fluid in the deep core, its metallization occurs with the release of drop-liquid separations of native iron up to the formation of its large segregations. Intrusions with a large-scale content of native iron are found among the trap formations of Siberia. All this leads to a decrease in the total concentration and activity of iron in the partially metallized silicate matrix, there is a significant increase in the content of MgO and trace elements-Ni, Co, Cr. The Fe-phase-containing intrusives are characterized by minimal LILE, HFSE, and REE contents. Start your abstract here… 250 to 500 words concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should include the purpose of research, principal results and major conclusions. References should be avoided, if it is essential, only cite the author(s) and year(s) without giving reference list. Prepare your abstract in this file and upload it into the registration web field.
26
Gerasimov, Boris. "The Use of Typomorphic Features of Placer Gold of the Anabar Region for Determining Its Sources." Minerals 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13040480.
Анотація:
Typomorphic features of placer native gold of the Anabar region were studied as predictive-exploration criteria. The target of the study was to determine the typomorphic features of placer gold related to the intermediate sources (paleo-placers) and the supposed nearby primary ore occurrences. Two varieties of placer native gold were identified. The first variety is well-rounded high-grade lamellar gold with a highly modified internal structure. This gold is associated with intermediate sources, Neogene–Quaternary watershed pebble beds. The second type includes slightly rounded gold with a wide variation in fineness (494‰–999‰). Its indicator is a block heterophase internal structure. The set of typomorphic features of this variety of gold indicates the vicinity of the primary source, what was the prerequisite for constructing prospecting traverses in order to find ore occurrences. As a result of these studies, hydrothermal-metasomatic formations with gold-sulfide mineralization were identified. The main primary substrate for them is fractured near-fault carbonate rocks of the Cambrian and Vendian–Cambrian age. Along with this, hydrothermalites developed on slightly cemented fine-pebble quartz conglomerates of the Middle Permian age were found in the core of exploration wells. Two types of metasomatic rocks are identified: quartz-potassium feldspar and jasperoid. The main ore minerals were galena and pyrite, different ratios by sites were revealed. Gold was identified in the form of small particles in the carbonate and siliceous substrate of hydrothermal-metasomatic formations. The lithological factor was one of the leading favorable factors for the ore formation due to the presence of near-fault highly permeable fractured carbonate and slightly cemented terrigenous rocks. The structural control of the studied ore occurrences is determined by their localization in the Mayat–Logoy and Dogoy–Kuoy faults of the Molodo–Popigay system of discontinuous faults. We assume a two-stage formation of the gold ore occurrences: during the first stage, the ore components in the form of primary hydrothermal-sedimentary ores in the near-gault zones were formed. The second stage was related to the processes of the Mesozoic tectonic-magmatic activation, when the intrusion of basite dikes initiated the mobilization of ore components the gold-sulfide occurrences were formed in the near-fault zone as a result of silicic-potassic metasomatosis of the carbonate and terrigenous rocks.
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Canhimbue, Ludmila Salete, and Irina Vladimirovna Talovina. "Platinum-metal mineralization of the Norilsk district: history and prospects of research." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 4 (December 15, 2022): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2022-4-56-63.
Анотація:
Relevance. Since the 19th century, the Norilsk Ore district has been one of the world leaders in the production of platinum metals. Long-term research focused on the detection of sulfide platinum-copper-nickel ores contributed to the accumulation of a large volume of scientific material on the geology and ore content of the Norilsk region. Due to the emergence of new methods for ores studying, it seems necessary to analyze previously published data and assess the prospects for the joint application of traditional and modern methods in solving the problem of understanding the ore formation process. The purpose of the work – to summarize information about the geology of the Norilsk ore region and the platinum-metal mineralization associated with it, to note the main scientific achievements and identify promising areas for further research. Results. Thanks to comprehensive production and research geological works, differentiated basite-ultrabasite intrusions and ore-containing Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary volcanic rocks of the Norilsk region have been studied at the highest level. The geological structures of the region and its metallogeny are also studied in detail. However, there is still no unambiguous understanding of the geodynamics of the magmatic process and, accordingly, the mechanism of formation of ore-bearing intrusions. Conclusions. In the conditions of depletion of known deposits, the decoding of the genesis of ores of the Norilsk region becomes particularly relevant. The use of modern computer X-ray microtomography in addition to geochemical and petrological studies makes it possible to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of platinum and sulfide minerals, to identify textural and structural evidence of processes that were previously questioned. The results of these studies may lead to a reassessment of established models of ore genesis, as well as an increase in the efficiency of ore processing.
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ΛΟΥΓΓΗΣ, Τηλέμαχος Κ. "Δοκίμιο για την κοινωνική εξέλιξη στη διάρκεια των λεγόμενων «σκοτεινών αιώνων»". BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 6 (29 вересня 1985): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.701.
Анотація:
<p> </p><p>T. C. Lounghis</p><p>Essai sur l'évolution sociale à Byzance pendant les «siècles obscurs»<em> </em></p><p>Se basant sur les données des sources narratives (Chronographies de Théophane et de Nicéphore et quelques vies de saints) l'étude tâche de suivre les changements internes de la société byzantine, changements qui, depuis la révolution de Phocas en 602, ont abouti à la transformation radicale de ses structures vers le troisième quart du IXe siècle.</p><p>La première partie, sous le titre «la fin de l'aristocratie protobyzantine» mène de 602 à la mort du second empereur iconoclaste Constantin V en 775: pendant le VIIe siècle, la noblesse sénatoriale qui avait pu -jusqu'à la fin du VIe siècle - intégrer et assimiler dans ses rangs les débris de l'ex-aristocratie provinciale des <em>curiales, </em>mène une lutte de survie contre la force ascendante de la société byzantine de l'époque qu'est l'armée provinciale des thèmes. Entre ces deux camps qui se heurtent violemment, les empereurs de la dynastie d'Héraclius n'ont pas d'attitudes semblables: Héraclius et Constantin IV sont pour le sénat et ils ont à l'égard de l'armée une méfiance vindicative; par contre, Constant II et Justinien II mènent toute une lutte contre les nobles et les sénateurs et ils sont obligés à maintes reprises de prendre la fuite devant la haine de l'aristocratie. </p><p>Après maintes vicissitudes, l'armée peut renverser les empereurs qui soutiennent la noblesse sénatoriale Léonce, Philippicus et Anastase II, pendant que dans le camp des militaires le rapport des forces penche du côté des Anatoliques avec Léon l'Isaurien tandis que, jusqu'en 716/717 les soldats de l'Opsikion en constituaient la force prépondérante. Après 717 la noblesse sénatoriale passe à l'opposition et l'armée triomphante donne l'assaut contre la dernière partie de l'aristocratie protobyzantine qui est restée intacte jusqu'alors: le haut clergé et les moines. La lutte entre l'armée et le clergé constitue le noyau de la lutte sociale pendant le premier Iconoclasme. Tout au long de la narration sont eclaircis maints détails en aboutissant à d'identifications de détail (l'amiral Jean de 715 est le même amiral Jean de 698, le sceau d'Isôès, comte de l'Opsikion etc.).</p><p>La deuxième partie sous le titre «les débuts de la nouvelle aristocratie byzantine» a comme point de départ la capitulation idéologique des chefs de l'armée des thèmes devant l'autorité du clergé et des moines, peu après la victoire des militaires sous Constantin V. L'alliance entre les chefs de l'armée et le clergé constitue le noyau de la nouvelle aristocratie byzantine qui ne cessera dans l'avenir d'élargir son influence et ses activités, au point de rendre l'institution impériale de plus en plus inefficace pendant le IXe siècle. Nicéphore Ier et Staurakios qui sont déjà pleinement conscients du fait que l'aristocratie mentionnée comme nouvelle dans la Chronique de l'an 811 peut réduire le régime byzantin en <em>démocratie, </em>reprennent les réformes de Constantin V sans le prétexte iconoclaste qui ne peut plus leur assurer le support des stratèges; Léon V et Théophile font de vains efforts pour subjuguer l'alliance entre le clergé et l'armée en ranimant la querelle iconoclaste mais le prétexte iconoclaste n'a plus aucune chance. L'échec de Théophile prend des dimensions alarmantes sous le règne de Michel III qui est totalement dépassé par les initiatives de la nouvelle aristocratie qu'avait vainement combattu son père. Ainsi, l'avènement de Basile Ier peut être désigné comme une réaction de l'institution impériale devant le danger que constitue pour elle la nouvelle aristocratie. Le schéma théorique exposé ci-dessus est suivi pas à pas et presque rien n'est laissé au hasard: la disparition des institutions protobyzantines et leur remplacement par de nouvelles institutions depuis le VIIe siècle; l'évolution du régime des thèmes; la soi-disante rébellion des Arméniaques en 793 ; l'apparition de la nouvelle aristocratie dans la Chronique de l'an 811; le rôle des mouvements populaires (Thomas le Slave et, dans une certaine mesure, les Pauliciens); les relations entre l'armée et le clergé à tout moment donné; la destinée des officiers moyens de l'armée après la capitulation idéologique de leurs chefs; les initiatives politiques de la nouvelle aristocratie; l'attitude de Michel II le Bègue en tant que premier empereur qui s'appuie consciemment sur la nouvelle aristocratie; la révolte avortée de Bardanès Tourcos etc.</p><p>L'étude vise à démontrer que toutes les transformations politiques, institutionnelles etc. qui ont dû avoir lieu pendant les «siècles obscurs» sont des produits concrets et directs ou indirects d'une lutte sociale très réelle et très profonde à la fois qui a mené à de changements de structures, à de changements qualitatifs. Tandis que la noblesse protobyzantine était composée par la noblesse sénatoriale, la noblesse des villes de province et le clergé, la noblesse mésobyzantine est composée principalement par l'armée et le clergé (vu que m. A. Guillou a déjà remarqué en ce qui concerne l'exarchat de Ravenne au VIIe siècle). Une attention particulière est accordée aux vicissitudes du rôle des militaires, depuis la «terreur» de Phocas jusqu'à l'avènement de Basile Ier. Quelques empereurs, tel Constantin IV ou Anastase II perdent quelque chose de leur auréole, tandis que d'autres, tel Constant II et Justinien II sont placés sans louanges dans le vrai contexte politique de leur époque. Toute la structure de l'étude, en dernière analyse, tend à soutenir que des affirmations comme «Héraclius s'est trompé d'ennemi (au lieu d'attaquer les Arabes, il a détruit la Perse!!!), ou «tel empereur est mort très jeune» ou encore «Michel III était bon ou mauvais empereur» n'ont aucune place dans la science de l'Histoire et doivent en être définitivement exclus.</p>
29
Trypolsky, O. A., O. V. Topoliuk, O. O. Trypolska, and O. B. Gintov. "Results of the reinterpretation of materials of IV geotraverse of NHS (PK 295- 400) in the central part of the Holovanivsk suture zone." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1 (February 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2021.01.058.
Анотація:
This work provides the reinterpretation results of the research outcomes with the DSS method on geotraverse IV on section PK 295-400 in order to clarify a seismic section in the Holovanivsk area of high gravity. A number of points of diffraction and seismic sites have been identified in Earth’s crust (at a depth of 2-60 km), which gives an opportunity to considerably specify the data on the deep structure of the studied area. The position in a section of the Talnivska fault zone is clarified due to the identification of additional points of diffraction and a large number of short reflective elements at a depth of 2-8 km. In the central part of the section (PK 338-355), horizontal and inclined elements (at the depths of 2-9 km and 24-44 km) and a series of short steeply inclined reflective elements (at depths of 8-26 km) form the area of the medium which at the depth of 2-44 km differs in its characteristics from the host rocks. This allowed tracing the listriс shear zone that stretches continuously from a depth of 8 km on PK 355 to 44 km on PK 304. All this, as well as available seismotomographic data, allows us to suppose that the Talnivska fault zone is traced up to depths of 100-600 km as a boundary between blocks with different Vp velocities and degrees and gaps in the Golitsyn—Geiko layer. The listriс shear zone is connected to the main part of the Talnivska fault zone near the surface. According to the given re-interpretation of GSS data on geotraverse IV, the supply channel of the intrusive body of hyperbasites is rather narrow at depths of 60-33 km, and starting only from depth of 30 km and almost to the surface the body expands up to 15 km in width. Focusing on the area of increased Vp velocities at a depth of 2-33 km, one can assume that the main intrusive body that consists of hyperbasites and basite-Dunites, peridotites, pyroxenites, gabbro, and amphibolites, the density of which exceeds the density of rocks by 0.1-0.22 g/cm3, is located at these depths along the axis of the central part of the Holovanivsk suture zone.
30
Shestopalova, O., and V. Drukarenko. "Magneto-mineralogical characteristics of mafite-ultramafites of the Middle Bug River area and Holovaniv suture zone of the Ukrainian Shield (overview)." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 44, no. 6 (February 22, 2023): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273648.
Анотація:
Mafites and ultramafites manifest in the magnetic field as significant magnetic anomalies due to the high content of magnetite, titanomagnetite and iron-magnesium silicates. Studying the mineralogy and magnetic properties of Archean rocks formed deep in the lower crust and uplifted to the surface allows to understanding the sources of magnetic anomalies. Such rocks are known in the Ukrainian shield, in particular in the Middle Bug River region and in the Holovaniv suture zone (HSZ). We consider mafic-ultramafic assemblages of the rocks of this region, their mineral composition and magnetic characteristics, manifestations in the magnetic field, and the distribution of magnetic minerals. Several mafic-ultramafic associations of different ages, composed of effusive, sedimentary-effusive and intrusive formations, are recognized for the area the Pobuzkiy ore mining region. Most of them were transformed intensively by metamorphism of granulite (to eclogite) facies and by intense tectonic and diaphoretic processes. The main volcanics and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks belong to the Tivriv stratum of the Paleoarchean Dniester-Bug and Neoarchaean Bug series. Mantle rocks were the protolith of the Tivriv stratum, which are similar in composition to oceanic basalts. The Pavliv stratum is considered as a part of the Dniester-Bug series. It is composed mainly of two-pyroxene crystal schists (sometimes amphibolized, often with significant magnetite content (up to 10 %)), magnetite-orthopyroxene crystal schists, and bodies of ferruginous quartzites. Both series contain gneiss complexes, as well as bodies of basite-hyperbasites. Mafic rocks are mainly represented by hornblende-pyroxene crystal schists and amphibolites. Ultramafite and mafit-ultramafite intrusive bodies were mapped in the central and northern parts of the HSZ where they are presented by rocks of the hyperbasite and gabbro-peridotite formations. The Holovaniv block of the HSZ is spatially coincident with the Holovaniv gravitational maximum and magnetic anomalies, which are probably caused by the rooting of mafit-ultramafits from the upper mantle along deep fault zones. Magnetic sources with increased magnetization were identified within the district of Haivoron. They are associated with pyroxene schists, gneisses, coarse-grained pyroxene schists, and ferruginous quartzites. The high values of magnetic parameters of the rocks of the Haivoron-Zavallya region are explained by the presence of eulysites and magnetite-hypersthene crystal schists. Within the area of occurence of charnockite-enderbite rocks, the magnetic field with increased intensity and a large-mosaic structure is observed. Differentiation of the magnetic properties of the rocks of the upper part of the Earth’s crust, the shape and low power of the sources indicate their possible primary magmatic formation in the form of massifs and dykes with further metamorphic transformations. Magnetite is the main magnetic mineral of mafite-ultramafites according to thermomagnetic analysis and ore microscopy. Several generations of magnetite are observed. Early generations (reliably magmatic) are present in the dark-colored minerals as point inclusions and emulsion discharges along fissures (disintegration structures of solid solutions). The increase of the amount of magnetite in all types of rocks is associated with superimposed secondary transformations. Redistribution of iron occurs in the recrystallization zones with the formation of clusters of secondary coarse-grained magnetite. According to the hypothesis, the magnetite of ferruginous quartzites has metamorphic origin, while the origin of the magnetite of iron-carbonate and iron-siliceous formations is a controversial issue. It depends on the determination of the genesis of the original substance.
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Ciccone, David, Fu-Shan Kuo, Scott Daigle, Neelu Kaila, Gene Yau, Mark Carlson, Denise Levasseur, Bhaskar Srivastava, Frank G. Basile, and Christine Loh. "Abstract 2652: NDI-101150 is a potent and highly selective HPK1 inhibitor that both synergizes with and differentiates from anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2652.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction HPK1 is a member of the MAP4K family of protein serine/threonine kinases that negatively regulates activation signals in multiple immune cells and is an attractive therapeutic target for many cancers. Using structure-based drug design, we developed a highly selective HPK1 inhibitor, NDI-101150, with nanomolar potency and physiochemical properties suitable for once daily oral administration. Methods & Results HPK1 inhibition with NDI-101150 has a differentiated pharmacology profile when compared directly to PD1 blockade. NDI-101150 was able to overcome the immunosuppressive effects of prostaglandin E2, adenosine, and TGF-β on human T cell activation. HPK1 inhibition also directly limited the suppressive capacity of T regulatory cells. In contrast, anti-PD1 treatment was not able to overcome the immunosuppressive activity associated with any of these mechanisms. In vivo, HPK1 inhibition significantly enhanced the production of antigen-specific antibodies in response to immunization with both T-dependent and T-independent antigens, while anti-PD1 treatment had minimal to no effects on antibody production. In the EMT-6 syngeneic model, 7/10 mice receiving NDI-101150 exhibited complete tumor regressions, compared to only 1/10 from an anti-PD1 cohort. Furthermore, NDI-101150 established a robust and durable immune memory response as 100% of treated mice showed complete rejection of tumor growth upon subsequent re-challenge. HPK1 inhibition with NDI-101150 also shows robust synergy with PD1 blockade in vitro and in vivo. Both NDI-101150 and anti-PD1 were able to reinvigorate exhausted human T cells, restoring cytokine production and proliferative effects in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Further, in combination HPK1 inhibition and PD1 blockade synergized to enhance the activity of exhausted human T cells to an extent exceeding that observed with naïve human T cells in similar experiments. In vivo, while NDI-101150 or anti-PD1 treatments alone induced tumor growth inhibition in the murine CT-26 syngeneic tumor model, NDI-101150 and anti-PD1 in combination mediated complete tumor regressions in several mice. Furthermore, NDI-101150 seemed to induce a durable immune memory response as evidenced by the combination-treated animals showing complete rejection of tumor growth upon subsequent re-challenge, without any further dosing of NDI-101150. Conclusions Pharmacological inhibition of HPK1 with NDI-101150 represents a powerful system-wide immunomodulatory approach with the potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity in patients failing to respond to currently approved immune checkpoint therapies or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapies. NDI-101150 is currently being tested in a Phase 1/2 trial (NCT05128487) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Citation Format: David Ciccone, Fu-Shan Kuo, Scott Daigle, Neelu Kaila, Gene Yau, Mark Carlson, Denise Levasseur, Bhaskar Srivastava, Frank G. Basile, Christine Loh. NDI-101150 is a potent and highly selective HPK1 inhibitor that both synergizes with and differentiates from anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2652.
32
Sidorov, M. D., and A. G. Nurmukhamedov. "Three-Dimensional Image of Crustal Density Model: A Case Study in South Kamchatka." Russian Geology and Geophysics 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204328.
Анотація:
Abstract —The methodology for building a 3D density model of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle for a crustal block in the South Kamchatka Peninsula is presented. The model is derived from the interpretation of the Bouguer anomaly values and data obtained by deep seismic soundings and electrical prospecting methods. 3D image creation can be viewed as a several phase procedure. At the first step, the area of interest is investigated through a network of intersecting profiles utilized for subsequent modeling depth density sections using the parameter scanning procedure. The a priori data include materials of geophysical surveys and geological, and petrophysical studies as well as results of depth estimation at singular points by the Euler deconvolution method. The next step involves formation of a 3D density matrix from the cross-section models. Coordinates in the cross-section planes are defined in the square grid nodes and converted to plane rectangular coordinates (the SK-42 reference system). A file of the cross-sectional database of density values is thus produced. For area shaving a sparse network of cross-sections, an additional database is derived from grid files of densities mapped horizon-wise. This ultimately results in the creation of the unified databases. A 3D network of cubic unit cells for three-dimensional (voxel) representation of density of the geologic medium is calculated. The model of density of unit cube with edge measuring 4 km was constructed for entire investigated block of the Earth’s crust. The model was detailed by decreasing successively the unit cube edges to 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 km. The 3D modeling results are presented as block diagrams and density isosurface maps in horizontal slices at different depths. The block diagrams show isosurfaces with densities typical of deep subsurface boundaries and structures. The isosurfaces for densities of 2.75 and 2.90 g/cm3 reflect the morphology of the roof of the crystalline basement, and the lower–upper crust boundary, respectively, while the isosurfaces of 3.20 and 3.33 g/cm3 represent feasible shape of the crust–upper mantle contact. The lower-density zone ubiquitously observed in the investigated crustal block is caused by rock destruction along the deep fault. It is identified in the model with 1 km cubic unit cell side and encompasses the feeding systems of volcanoes, namely: Sopka Asacha (Asacha Volcano), Mutnovskaya Sopka (Mutnovsky Volcano), Gorelaya Sopka (Gorely Volcano), and Vilyuchinskaya Sopka (Vilyuchansky Volcano).The model with a 0.50 km cubic unit cell side shows a 2.85 g/cm3 isosurface, which delineates a column-shaped high-density region. A higher density revealed in the block is assumed to be associated with basite intrusions. 3D density models based on cross-section modeling provide additional information for geodynamic reconstructions, allowing a rough estimation of the geometry of concealed geologic features and their volumes, and can be utilized in 3D modeling to build initial models.
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Rondel, David. "G.A. Cohen and the Logic of Egalitarian Congruence." Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes 8, no. 1 (March 3, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.18740/s40p48.
Анотація:
In this article, I argue that G. A. Cohen’s defense of the feminist slogan, “The personal is political”, his argument against Rawls’s restriction of principles of justice to the basic structure of society, depends for its intelligibility on the ability to distinguish—with reasonable but perhaps not perfect precision—between those situations in which what Nancy Rosenblum has called “the logic of congruence” is validly invoked and those in which it is not. More importantly, I will be suggesting that the philosophical shape of Cohen’s critique makes it difficult for him to supply the required criterion, and that the methodological “intuitionism” he claims to be committed to is at odds with his larger argument against Rawls concerning the subject of justice. Dans cet article, je maintiens que la défense par G.A. Cohen du slogan féministe ‘ce qui est personnel est politique’, son argument contre la restriction des principes de justice de Rawls à la structure basique de société, dépend pour son intelligibilité de la capacité à distinguer – avec une précision raisonnable mais peut-être pas parfaite – entre ces situations où ce que Nancy Rosenblum a appelé ‘la logique de congruence’ est invoquée avec validité et celles où elle ne l’est pas. Plus fondamentalement, je suggère que la forme philosophique de la critique de Cohen ne lui permet pas de fournir le critère de distinction approprié et que l’ « intuitionnisme » méthodologique auquel il se dit fidèle est en contradiction avec son argument général contre Rawls au sujet de la justice.
34
John, George K., Martie S. Lubbe, and Jan HP Serfontein. "Therapeutic budget modelling: a possible road to budgetary allocations in the public health care setting." Health SA Gesondheid 12, no. 2 (November 12, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v12i2.248.
Анотація:
In South Africa, 70% of the country’s population is dependent on the public health care sector (especially the primary health care structure) for their basic health care needs.
Opsomming
In Suid-Afrika is 70% van die land se bevolking van die openbare gesondheidsorgsektor (veral die primêre gesondheidsorgstruktuur) afhanklik vir hulle basiese behoeftes aan gesondheidsorg.
*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
35
Van Aarde, Timohty. "The use of οἰκονομία in a missional reading of the Gospel of Luke-Acts". In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi 49, № 1 (4 березня 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v49i1.2003.
Анотація:
The term οἰκονομία is important term the Gospel of Luke. The word οἰκονομία, in particular its meaning in Luke, is a perpetration and prerequisite for a missional reading of Luke-Acts. The dual motifs of creation and redemption are interdependently related from Genesis to Revelations. In the Gospel of Luke these motifs are unified in the sphere of the household as the most basic social structure through the οἰκονομος management of the οἰκος, the household.Die gebruik en betekenis van οἰκονομία as ’n handeling en voorvereiste vir ’n missionalelees van die Evangelie van Lukas-Handelinge. Οἰκονομία is ’n belangrike term in die Evangelie van Lukas. Die woord οἰκονομία en veral die betekenis daarvan in Lukas is ’n handeling envoorvereiste vir ’n missionale lees van Lukas-Handelinge. Die twee motiewe van skepping en verlossing is interafhanklik aan mekaar verbind vanaf Genesis tot Openbaring. In die Evangelie van Lukas word hierdie motiewe saamgebind in die sfeer van die huishouding as die mees basiese sosiale struktuur deur die οἰκονομος bestuur van die οἰκος, die huishouding.
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Da Silva Costa, Márcia. "TRABALHO INFORMAL: um problema estrutural básico no entendimento das desigualdades na sociedade brasileira." Caderno CRH 23, no. 58 (October 5, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v23i58.18978.
Анотація:
Este texto resgata o debate teórico-conceitual que envolve o tema da informalidade, em essência, aquele das relações de dominação que favoreceram a acumulação capitalista no país. A partir dos dados da PNAD 2006, também é analisada a distribuição da força de trabalho ocupada. Quem são os informais e como eles se distribuem? Qual o seu perfil de renda e de escolaridade? Os achados corroboram os argumentos analíticos que entendem a informalidade como um problema estrutural básico na sociedade brasileira. Seu crescimento assevera o quadro histórico de desigualdade e pobreza que marcou seu padrão de desenvolvimento. Ainda que a economia volte a crescer, haverá um considerável contingente de trabalhadores que, a menos seja beneficiado com políticas educacionais consistentes, jamais terá a possibilidade de ser incorporado pela economia regulada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: trabalho informal, trabalho precário, desigualdade. INFORMAL LABOR: a basic structural problem in the understanding of inequalities in Brazilian society Márcia da Silva Costa This paper rescues the theoreticalconceptual debate that involves the theme the informality, in essence, that of dominance relationships that favored the capitalist accumulation in this country. Starting from the data of PNAD 2006, the distribution of the busy workforce is also analyzed. Who are the informal ones and how are they distributed? Which income and education profile do they have? These discoveries corroborate the analytical arguments that understand the informality as a basic structural problem in Brazilian society. Its growth asserts the historical picture of inequality and poverty that marked its development pattern. Even if the economy grows again, there will be a considerable contingent of workers that, unless benefitted with solid educational policies, will never have the possibility of being incorporated in the regulated economy. KEYWORDS: informal labor, labor precariousness, inequality. LE TRAVAIL INFORMEL: un problème structurel basique pour comprendre les inégalités dans la société brésilienne Márcia da Silva Costa Ce texte reprend le débat théorique et conceptuel à propos du thème de l’informalité en tant que tel, le débat sur les liens de domination qui ont favorisé l’accumulation du capital dans le pays. A partir des données du PNAD 2006, on y fait également une analyse de la distribution de la force de travail active. Qui sont ces informels et comment sont-ils répartis ? Quel est le profil de leurs revenus et de leur scolarisation ? Les résultats corroborent les arguments de l’analyse qui considèrent l’informalité comme un problème structurel de base dans la société brésilienne. Son augmentation confirme le cadre historique d’inégalité et de pauvreté qui a marqué son modèle de développement. Même si l’économie reprenait, il y aurait toujours un grand nombre de travailleurs qui, à moins d’être bénéficiaires de politiques éducatives solides, n’auraient jamais la possibilité d’être intégrés dans l’économie formelle. MOTS-CLÉS: travail informel, travail précaire, inégalité. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
37
Fagnano, Massimo, and Nunzio Fiorentino (Guest editors). "The Ecoremed protocol for an integrated agronomic approach to characterization and remediation of contaminated soils." Italian Journal of Agronomy, October 24, 2018, 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2018.1348.
Анотація:
Definition of a site as contaminated: Problems related to agricultural soilsMassimo Fagnano.......... pp. 1-5
Geography of soil contamination for characterization and precision remediation of potentially contaminated sitesGiuliano Langella, Antonietta Agrillo, Angelo Basile, Roberto De Mascellis, Piero Manna, Pierpaolo Moretti, Florindo Antonio Mileti, Fabio Terribile, Simona Vingiani.......... pp. 6-15
Assessing the bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in soil: A proposed approachClaudia Rocco, Diana Agrelli, Maria Tafuro, Antonio Giandonato Caporale, Paola Adamo.......... pp. 16-22
Use of the native vascular flora for risk assessment and management of an industrial contaminated soilDonato Visconti, Nunzio Fiorentino, Adriano Stinca, Ida Di Mola, Massimo Fagnano.......... pp. 23-33
Assisted phytoremediation for restoring soil fertility in contaminated and degraded landNunzio Fiorentino, Mauro Mori, Vincenzo Cenvinzo, Luigi Giuseppe Duri, Laura Gioia, Donato Visconti, Massimo Fagnano.......... pp. 34-44
Bioassays for evaluation of sanitary risks from food crops cultivated in potentially contaminated sitesLuigi Giuseppe Duri, Nunzio Fiorentino, Eugenio Cozzolino, Lucia Ottaiano, Diana Agrelli Massimo Fagnano.......... pp. 45-52
Responses of bacterial community structure and diversity to soil eco-friendly bioremediation treatments of two multi-contaminated fieldsValeria Ventorino, Vincenza Faraco, Ida Romano, Olimpia Pepe.......... pp. 53-58
Monitoring and modelling the role of phytoremediation to mitigate non-point source cadmium pollution and groundwater contamination at field scaleMario Palladino, Paolo Nasta, Alessandra Capolupo, Nunzio Romano.......... pp. 59-68
38
Groenewald, T., and D. Barend Lessing. "Acceptance of co-operatve education practice by the Academic Staff at Technikon South Africa." SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 27, no. 3 (March 8, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v27i3.18.
Анотація:
Technikons advocate the practice of co-operative education, which is an educational strategy that integrates learning through productive work with the theoretical curriculum. However, only 35% of theTechnikon SA programmes have a compulsory experiential learning component. Grounded theory research was undertaken to determine some of the basic assumptions of Technikon SA’s academic staff in this regard. Rather than starting out with a specific research problem, grounded theory explores an area of interest and allows what is relevant to emerge. Semi-structured interviews with four open-ended questions, were conducted with a stratified-random sample of 25 teaching staff at Technikon SA. It was found that, although there is some willing compliance and belief in co-operative education, it is not indicative of the organisational culture of Technikon SA. Opsomming <br>Technikons propageer die beoefening van ko˛peratiewe onderwys,’n opvoedkundige strategiewat leer deur produktiewewerkservaring integreermet die teoretiese kurrikulum. ByTechnikon SAegter, het slegs sowat 35% van die formele programme ’n verpligte leerervarings komponent.Teoretiese-begrondings navorsingsmetodologie is gebruik omsekere basiese veronderstellings van akademiese personeel te bepaal. Eerder as om’n spesifieke navorsingsprobleemas vertrekpunt te gebruik, ondersoek teoretiese-begronding’n areavan belang en laat die metodiek die relevante sake toe omte voorskyn te kom. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude,met vier ope vrae, is gevoer met ’n gestratifiseerde eweskansige steekproef van 25 akademiese personeellede vanTechnikon SA. Daar is bevind dat alhoewel daar beperkte oortuiging en gewillige uitlewing van kooperatiewe onderwys is, is dit nie beduidend as kenmerkend van die organisasie kultuur vanTechnikon SA nie.
39
"Review of Notes on ACI 318‐95 with Design Applications edited by S. J. Ghosh, David A. Fanella, and Basile G. Rabbat." Journal of Architectural Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(1996)2:3(120.4).
40
De Jager, W. J., F. Cilliers, and T. Veldsman. "Leadership Development From A Systems Psychodynamic Consultancy Stance." SA Journal of Human Resource Management 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v1i3.23.
Анотація:
This research aims to measure the impact of a leadership development programme presented from the systems psychodynamic stance. The aim was to develop psychoanalytically informed change leaders to lead change and transformation in the continuously changing and transforming New Economy network organisation. In order to do this, a group relations training programme was presented for 30 leaders. Qualitative assessment using grounded theory during post-intervention focus groups interviewing indicated the group’s awareness of psychodynamic leadership behaviour such as the regression towards frequent pathological leadership personality characteristics, regression towards unconscious group- and organizational processes such as the basic assumption group, the covert coalition and socially structured defense systems against change and transformation. Insight was also gained in the new leadership role and the taking up of personal authority in the network organisation that needs to function as a systemic whole. Limitations in the study are noted and Recommendations are made to enhance change leader skills for leadership in the New Economy network organisation. OpsommingHierdie navorsing poog om die impak van ‘n leierskapsontwikkelingsprogram wat aangebied is vanuit die sistemiese psigodinamiese perspektief, te evalueer. Die doel was om psigoanalitiese ingeligte leiers te ontwikkel om verandering en transformasie in die gedurige veranderende en transformerende Nuwe Ekonomie netwerk organisasie, te lei. Ten einde dit te bolwerk is. ‘n Groep -verhoudinge-opleidingsprogram is aangebied vir 30 leiers. Kwalitatiewe evaluasie deur van begrondingsteorie gebruik te maak gedurende, die post-intervensie fokus groepe het ‘n groepbewustheid aangedui van psigodinamiese leierskapgedrag soos die regressie na dikwelse patologiese leierskapspersoonlikheidskenmerke, regressie in onbewustelike groep- en organisatoriese prosesse soos die basiese aanname-groep, die koverte-koalisie- en sosiaal-gestruktureerde-verdedigingsisteme teen verandering en transformasie. Insig is ook in die nuwe leierskap rol en die opneem van persoonlike outoriteit in die netwerk organisasie wat moet funksioneer as ‘n sistemiese geheel, bekom. Aanbevelings word gemaak om die leierskapsrol in verandering in terme van vaardighede in die Nuwe Ekonomienetwerkorganisasie, te bevorder.
41
McGee, Ebony O., Terrell R. Morton, Devin T. White, and Whitney Frierson. "Accelerating Racial Activism in STEM Higher Education by Institutionalizing Equity Ethics." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, November 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681231216518.
Анотація:
Background/Context: The United States invests in STEM education, but this investment is racialized and political. The country wants to maintain global economic domination, but there are also calls to diversify the STEM workforce (Baber, 2015; Basile & Lopez, 2015; Vakil & Ayers, 2019). This context leaves Black and Brown people to navigate racially hostile, toxic, and oppressive STEM learning and working environments (Bullock, 2017; Erete et al., 2020; Wright & Riley, 2021). Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This conceptual paper offers strategies for institutionalizing equity ethics in STEM higher education. The paper attends to the core components of equity ethics and its possibilities while identifying structural constraints. Equity ethics is an equity-minded perspective that focuses on leveraging the multiple forms of knowledge associated with understanding and engaging the natural world to foster an oppression-free society that specifically enhances the lives of Black and Brown people. We also examine specific cases of STEM education and research scholars and practitioners who are committed to engaging and uplifting racially minoritized communities through the intersection of STEM and justice. Research Design: This conceptual paper takes a qualitative approach. It uses the existing literature to review the current state of diversity in STEM, the major components of an equity ethic, the structural and institutional barriers people of color face in STEM higher education, and how equity ethics may be institutionalized. In particular, we highlight examples of equity ethics in action to provide models for action and policy change. Conclusions/Recommendations: Institutionalized equity ethics at the mid-institutional level (e.g., departments and units) would require all faculty to mentor Black and Brown STEM students through critical transitions. We also recommend revising department- and unit-level policies and practices around access to resources that are critical for STEM achievement and knowledge production. Although expanding and sustaining financial investments in equity-focused endeavors is required, these investments must also come with the power and agency to transform institutional structures around STEM access, learning, and innovation. Transformation of top-level policies and practices could include changes to institutional admissions processes and ensuring that racist gatekeeping mechanisms are removed, while also requiring senior-level administrators to have training in racial justice ideologies and praxes. Building equity ethics into STEM higher education is essential to creating a more just and equitable STEM ecosystem.
42
De Swardt, Hester Cathrina, Heleen S. Du Toit, and Anneli Botha. "Guided reflection as a tool to deal with the theory– practice gap in critical care nursing students." Health SA Gesondheid 17, no. 1 (April 13, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v17i1.591.
Анотація:
Critical care nursing students experience inconsistencies between the theoretical content they have learnt and what is expected from them in practice, which retards the learning process. This has been described as the theory–practice gap. There seems to be no single solution to address the integration of theory and practice. In an attempt to bridge this gap, a study was done to establish the influence of guided reflection on critical care nursing students in dealing with their theoretical and practical experiences. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was followed. An instrument for guided reflection was designed which was used during semi-structured interviews during the data collection process. Field notes and narrative descriptions were also used as means to collect data. Themes that emerged from the data included a description of incidents experienced, critical analysis of knowledge, critical analysis of feelings and changed perspective experienced. Theory–practice integration occurred to an extent in some of the categories; conversely, the inability to apply theory to practice evoked responses such as feelings of guilt and incompetence. Guided reflection appeared to have assisted the participants in clarifying theoretical and practical experiences, and in reaching a changed perspective by understanding the link between theory and practice. Guided reflection ought to be incorporated in the education of nurses from their basic training in theory and practice so that student nurses will be aware of their own competencies in order to provide optimal patient care.OpsommingKritiekesorgverpleegstudente ervaar teenstrydighede ten opsigte van dit wat hul geleer word en wat van hul in die praktyk verwag word wat weer die leerproses vertraag. Dit word as die teorie–praktykgaping beskryf. Daar blyk geen enkelvoudige oplossing te wees vir die integrasie van teorie en praktyk nie. In ’n poging om die gaping te oorbrug, is ’n studie oor die invloed van begeleide refleksie op kritiekesorgverpleegkundige studente se teoretiese en praktiese ervaringe gedoen. ’n Kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele navorsingsontwerp is gevolg. ‘n Instrument vir begeleide refleksie is ontwerp wat gebruik is tydens semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude in die data-insamelingsproses. Veldnotas en narratiewe beskrywings was ook middele ten einde data in te samel. Tema’s wat uit die data na vore gekom het was ‘n beskrywing van ervaringe, kritiese analise van data, kritiese analise van gevoelens en ‘n veranderde perspektief met betrekking tot ervaringe. Teorie–praktyk integrasie het tot ‘n mate in sommige kategorieë plaasgevind het. Daarinteen het die onvermoë om die teorie in die praktyk toe te pas response tot gevolg gehad, soos skuldgevoelens en gevoelens van onbevoegdheid. Dit wil voorkom asof begeleide refleksie die deelnemers gehelp het om duidelikheid en ’n veranderde perspektief ten opsigte van hul teoretiese en praktiese ervaringe te verkry. Begeleide refleksie behoort reeds vanaf basiese opleiding in verpleegkundiges se teoretiese en praktiese opleiding geïnkorporeer te word sodat verpleegkundiges bewus sal wees van hulle eie vaardighede om sodoende optimale pasiëntsorg te kan lewer.
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Grobbelaar, Hendrina H., and Carin E. Napier. "Child and youth care workers: Profile, nutrition knowledge and food safety and hygiene practices." Health SA Gesondheid 19, no. 1 (August 6, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.776.
Анотація:
Background: Facilities concerned with children ‘in need of care’ should not only be considered as a last resort for a child’s care, but also as an intervention that requires more than addressing a child’s basic physical needs. The nutritional needs of children are particularly important to consider as they are a fundamental part of the care provided.Objectives: The purpose of this descriptive quantitative study was to investigate the profile, nutrition knowledge, food safety and hygiene practices of child and youth care workers (CCWs) in residential care settings in order to guide the development of a food preparation and nutrition manual.Method: The residential care settings included in this study were three that were selected randomly in Durban. CCWs (N = 40) employed permanently or part-time were included. Convenience purposive sampling of the CCWs was undertaken. A structured self-administered questionnaire, developed and tested for this purpose, was used to gather information on the profile, nutrition knowledge, food safety and hygiene practices. The data were analysed for descriptive statistics (means and frequencies).Results: The majority of CCWs were women aged 18−34 years. Very few had completed a relevant tertiary qualification. The results indicated that the respondents’ knowledge was fair on general nutrition guidelines, but there were areas of concern. Specifically, knowledge on recommended fruit and vegetable intake, correct serving sizes and importance of a variety in the diet were lacking. Some knowledge about food safety and hygiene practices was demonstrated, but not in totality.Conclusion: The overall findings supported the development of a comprehensive food preparation and nutrition manual for child residential care facilities. Agtergrond: Fasiliteite gemoeid met kinders ‘in die behoefte van sorg’ nie net beskou moet word as ’n laaste uitweg vir ’n kind se sorg nie, maar ook as ’n intervensie wat meer as net die basiese en fisiese behoeftes van kinders aanspreek. Die voedingsbehoeftes van kinders is veral belangrik om te oorweeg as ’n fundamentele element van versorging.Doelwit: Die doel van hierdie beskrywende kwantitatiewe studie was om die profiel, voeding kennis en voedsel- veiligheid en higiëne van kinder-en jeugsorgwerkers te ondersoek in residensiële sorg instellings met die doel om ’n voedsel voorbereiding en voedings handleiding te ontwikkel.Metode: Die residensiële sorg instellings het bestaan uit drie ewekansig gekiesde kinderhuise in Durban. Die studie het bestaan uit kinder-en jeugsorgwerkers (N = 40) in permanente of deeltydse poste. ’n Doelgerigte steekproef van die kinder-en jeugsorgwerkers is onderneem. ’n Gestruktureerde self-geadministreerde vraelys, ontwikkel en getoets vir hierdie doel, is gebruik om inligting oor die profiel, voeding kennis, voedselveiligheid en higiëniese praktyke van die kinder- en jeugsorgwerkers in te samel. Die data is ontleed vir beskrywende statistieke.Resultate: Die meerderheid van die kinder- en jeugsorgwerkers was vroulik, tussen die ouderdomme van 18−34 jaar. Min het ‘n toepaslike tersiêre kwalifikasie gehad. Dit blyk uit die resultate dat die respondente se algemene voeding riglyne was aanvaarbaar. Die resultate het gedui op ’n gebrek aan kennis oor die aanbevole vrugte en groente inname, korrekte porsiegroottes en die belangrikheid van ’n verskeidenheid in die dieet. Die respondente het tot ’n mindere mate kennis oor voedselveiligheid en higiëne gehad.Gevolgtrekking: Die algemene bevindinge ondersteun die ontwikkeling van ’n omvattende voedsel voorbereiding en voedings handleiding vir kinder residensiële sorg instellings.
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Thompson, Bill. "Evoking terror in film scores." M/C Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1939.
Анотація:
It is peculiar that we so urgently seek out the emotion of fear in film. We have a thirst for fear, and we go to elaborate means to experience it. It would be convenient if we could invoke the experience of fear without the apparatus of a cinema, but such intermediaries are necessary. We cannot will ourselves to be afraid. To evoke an emotion, we must organize our environment -- or invoke mental images of such an environment -- which then triggers the emotion. One of the great discoveries of the 20th century was the powerful effect of combining film with musical representations of emotion. It is possible to combine these two media in a way that reflects no naturally occurring visual-auditory correlation, such as the correlation between the sight and sound of a person running. That two such distinct media should combine so readily may seem puzzling. Background music is not part of the diegesis of the film and has the potential to create confusion (Cohen, 2). This potential was illustrated in Mel Brooks' comedy Blazing Saddles (1974). A sheriff rides in the desert set to suitable background music, but then meets the Count Basie Band performing the now foreground music. The music, initially interpreted on a subconscious or emotional level, is unexpectedly thrust into the fictional component of the film and processed on a conscious level. Such exceptions aside, there is usually no such confusion because film and music are integrated on an emotional rather than an analytic level. Fear responses do not require brain structures needed for consciousness and analytic thought but can be processed without conscious awareness by subcortical structures (i.e., the amygdala). A frightening score that is not part of the diegesis of the film combines with visual information at sub-cortical levels to create a unified experience of fear, with no sense that there are two sources of emotional meaning -- fictional and musical. The lack of literal connection between visual and auditory sources is not confusing. We do not question the logic of musicians playing triumphant music at every battle in Star Wars, or sentimental music inside the police station on Hill Street Blues. The combination of film and music is exceptionally potent because both are highly influential media. Economic activity reflects their influence (Huron, 3). In the United States, the largest export sector is entertainment, led by music and film. Film makers are so confident that they invest billions of dollars in them. In 1999 the average budget for a single Hollywood film was 76 million. The prevalence of music in industrialized society is also massive: the music industry is larger than the pharmaceutical industry. As a film composer, I've learned that I can induce fear most readily by turning my attention away from conventional music structures. In an important sense, writing fearful music should not involve composition in the usual sense of the term. Rather, one may rely on the fact that sound is inherently frightening when stripped of the comforting structuring properties of language and music. It is difficult to express fear using conventional forms. Fear is sometimes expressed in Opera but using unconventional forms. Fear is also associated with the bhayanaka rasa in Classical Indian music, but evidence suggests that sensitivity to rasas is related to basic acoustic properties such as pace, loudness, and complexity (Balkwill & Thompson, 1). The major and minor modes in Western music are associated with happiness and sadness, but the evocation of fear seems antithetical to such conventions. When music is recognizable, as in a melody with a traditional harmonic accompaniment, we experience reassurance. Conventional music evokes a comforting feeling that we are "among our own" and there is safety in numbers. The possibility of fear arises when familiar music structures are removed. It is certainly possible to create a creepy atmosphere using traditional forms by repeatedly pairing a musical segment with a frightening image or event. Such learned associations are used in the practice of leitmotiv, in which a musical theme is paired repeatedly with a character until it comes to represent that character. Consider Mike Oldfield's circular melody in The Exorcist or Beethoven's ninth symphony in A Clockwork Orange. Through learned association, both scores created extremely disturbing atmospheres. The most effective way to induce terror, however, is to manipulate basic acoustic properties, also called secondary musical parameters. Primary parameters include melody and harmony: aspects of music that are culturally shaped and recognizable as traditional forms. Secondary parameters include pace, loudness, timbre, and pitch height: elements of sound that are perceived similarly across cultures. The use of musical convention is deeply connected with one's emotional intention. We create fear most powerfully by stripping music of conventional forms. Composers aiming to design a fearful score often import and embed frightening sounds into traditional compositional structures, such as a melody with harmonic accompaniment. They do this as a musical challenge or out of concern that their score might otherwise be perceived as unsophisticated. What evokes fear, however, are not those recognizable conventions of composition but rather, elements of the score that are unrelated to conventional structures. We fear surprising or unfamiliar sounds: sudden changes in loudness, jittery sounds, deep hollow textures, and unpredictable pitch combinations or movement. Sounds are more frightening than visual images, and hence soundtracks are essential to thriller flicks. Visual images are experienced as "out there" and emotionally distant. We've learned to detach ourselves emotionally from visual images by habituating to the continuous stream of horrifying TV and film images. When we actually witness a terrifying event, it seems "like a movie." Sounds are experienced as both outside and inside our heads. We feel sound in our bones, making it difficult to distance ourselves from them. They are less easily localized than visual images, creating nervousness about possible escape routes. Their sources are not always identifiable, creating uncertainty. Prey rely heavily on sounds to alert them of predators, linking sound to fear. The fear centre of the brain -- the amygdala -- lies deep inside the temporal lobe, which processes sound (LeDoux, 4). From an evolutionary standpoint, we can assume that humans, like all animals, evolved a sensitivity to the potential dangers associated with sounds. Brain systems that generate fear are highly conserved throughout evolutionary history, suggesting that fear responses in modern brains are similar to fear responses in early hominids. Large, aggressive, or unfamiliar animals are potentially life-threatening and it is adaptive for us to fear them. Low pitches are associated with large sound-producing cavities and hence, animals with big mouths. Loud low-pitched sounds signal aggression. High-pitched screeches are perceived as alarm calls. During the stabbing scene in the film Psycho, repeated screeching sounds or "alarm-calls" combine with the visual scene to induce excruciating fear. In industrialized society, fear of predation is largely non-existent, replaced with a fear of our own technology: car and airplane accidents, nuclear disasters, weapons. But fear responses today are the result of adaptive pressures that took place thousands of years ago when predation was a constant threat. We are acutely sensitive to alarm calls and predatory sounds. When predators of humans are portrayed in film, as in Jaws or Jurassic Park, the experience of fear is unbearable. Why do we so urgently seek out this unpleasant emotion? One possibility relates to social cohesion. Group solidarity is enhanced when there is a common enemy. The object of fear in film distinguishes "us against them" and secures a bond between those experiencing the terror. The representation of fear identifies an enemy (the object of fear) to enhance solidarity. Teenagers -- who have the greatest need for social bonding and self definition -- are voracious consumers of terror films. Shared experiences of film-induced fear are extremely widespread. In the week ending May 28th, 2000, there were over 3,100 screening of Gladiator in the United States. America dominates the world market in film and music (only India has resisted this domination). For better or worse, Hollywood emotions are globally shared. People from Japan, China, Italy, Spain, and Brazil have a common bond on the basis of having seen The Matrix or The Exorcist. Fear in film also performs another function. Films are externalized representations of cultural memory, and of culturally significant or meaningful experiences. They are a mechanism for accumulating and transmitting knowledge of the environment, preparing ourselves for circumstances in which we might find ourselves. Terror films stimulate the development of cognitive strategies for coping with challenging circumstances. All of us -- teenagers especially -- feel a need to prepare ourselves for hostile environments. Terror films not only nurture social bonding, they motivate the refinement of an essential human trait: courage. By situating ourselves within an environment that presents various hypothetical sources of terror, we test our courage, and we activate the development of important strategies for coping with the very real fears with which we will inevitably be confronted. References Balkwill, L.L. & Thompson, W.F. "A cross-cultural investigation of the perception of emotion in music: Psychophysical and cultural cues." Music Perception, 17, 43-64, 1999. Cohen, A. "Music as a source of emotion in film." In Patrik Juslin & John Sloboda (Ed.) Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Huron, D. "Is music an evolutionary adaptation?" In Robert Zatorre & Isabelle Peretz (Ed.), The Biological Foundations of Music. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 930. New York, 2001. LeDoux, J. The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. New York: Touchstone, 1996. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Thompson, Bill. "Evoking Terror In Film Scores" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5.1 (2002). [your date of access] < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0203/evoking.php>. Chicago Style Thompson, Bill, "Evoking Terror In Film Scores" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5, no. 1 (2002), < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0203/evoking.php> ([your date of access]). APA Style Thompson, Bill. (2002) Evoking Terror In Film Scores. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5(1). < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0203/evoking.php> ([your date of access]).
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Laurent, Jérôme. "Patrimoines autochtones." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.104.
Анотація:
De nombreux groupes autochtones au Brésil, au Canada, aux États-Unis, en Australie, en Nouvelle-Zélande et ailleurs dans le monde sont particulièrement préoccupés par la protection, la transmission et la reconnaissance de leurs patrimoines culturels. Trois dimensions sont indissociables de la compréhension des patrimoines autochtones soit 1) les liens entre matérialité et immatérialité du patrimoine 2) l’institutionnalisation des processus de patrimonialisation et 3) les médiateurs du patrimoine. Par patrimonialisation, il faut donc comprendre à la fois ce qui compose le patrimoine (chants, rituels, danses, objets, relation au territoire, arts visuels, jeux traditionnels, plantes médicinales…), les processus par lesquels ce patrimoine est documenté, préservé, transmis et mis en valeur (Kreps 2003), mais également les différents acteurs qui œuvrent au sein de ces processus. Souvent relégués à leurs dimensions matérielles, les patrimoines autochtones ne peuvent se comprendre sans considérer leur immatérialité (Leblic 2013 ; Lemonnier 2013). Par immatérialité, nous faisons référence ici aux débats anthropologiques sur les relations qu’entretiennent les humains avec leur environnement et les entités qui le composent (Descola 2005; Ingold 2000, 2011, 2012 ; Viveiros de Castro 2009). Si ces auteurs se sont surtout intéressés aux relations entre les humains et les animaux, les esprits ou les ancêtres, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte également la place des objets, du patrimoine bâti, des lieux et des sites sacrés, de la musique ou encore de la nourriture dans ces processus relationnels. Les objets, qu’ils soient d’art ou d’ethnographie, renvoient par exemple à des codes et des règles de comportement qui guident les humains, s’inscrivent dans des conceptions particulières de la personne, informent sur la création du monde ou se posent comme des révélateurs des identités autochtones du territoire. Les matériaux, les techniques de fabrication autant que le pouvoir attribué aux objets sont liés aux cosmologies et aux ontologies autochtones; ils sont porteurs de visions du monde et de modes d’être au monde spécifiques qui participent des processus actuels d’affirmations identitaires et politique. Dans ce contexte, il devient crucial de s’intéresser à la vie sociale des objets (Bonnot 2002, 2014 ; Koppytoff, 1986), des arbres (Rival 1998), de la forêt (Kohn 2013) ou encore des récits (Cruikshank 1998 ; Savard 1971, 2004 ; Vincent 2013). L’expérience corporelle (Goulet 1994, 1998 ; Laugrand 2013) et sensorielle (Classen 1993 ; Howes 2003, 2014 ; Mauzé et Rostkowski 2007) fait partie intrinsèque de ces patrimoines et de ces savoirs. Ceux-ci incluent à la fois des savoirs écologiques, des savoirs liés aux activités de chasse, de pêche et de cueillette, des savoirs rituels, des savoirs gastronomiques, des savoirs artisanaux et artistiques, des récits sous toutes leurs formes (création du monde, rêves, anecdotes, événements historiques, etc.), des savoirs liés aux réseaux d’alliance interfamiliale et d’affiliation territoriale, mais aussi des savoirs sur les objets ou sur les jeux traditionnels. Ces différents types de savoirs se transmettent et se transforment de manière créative, en étroite relation les uns aux autres. Les politiques historiques et contemporaines d’assimilation, de dépossession et d’usurpation de ces savoirs et de ces patrimoines conduisent à interroger les modalités institutionnelles de préservation et de mise en valeur de ces patrimoines autochtones. Souvent intégrés aux patrimoines nationaux et mis en valeur dans les musées d’État, les biens culturels autochtones ont longtemps échappé à leurs destinataires légitimes, les peuples autochtones eux-mêmes, les reléguant au statut de spectateurs de leurs propres cultures (Price 2007 ; Philips 2003, 2011). Depuis les années 1960-1970, les peuples autochtones ont largement contribué à la transformation, certes inachevée, des Musées de l’Autre en Musées de Soi et, dans certains cas, en Musées du Nous (De l’Étoisle, 2007). Présentés par le sociologue de l’art wendat (Québec) Guy Sioui Durand comme des musées mouroirs (Sioui Durand 2014), les institutions muséales et patrimoniales occidentales tentent aujourd’hui de (re)considérer leurs politiques et d’intégrer les savoirs autochtones dans leurs pratiques (Dubuc 2002, 2006 ; Kreps 2003). Certains cadres institutionnels ont favorisé ces changements. Pensons par exemple aux deux conventions de l’UNESCO pour la protection du patrimoine et des biens culturels immatériels (1972, 2003), au rapport sur les Musées et les peuples autochtones (Erasmus et al. 1994) au Canada, au Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA, 1990) aux États-Unis ou à la Déclaration de l’ONU sur les droits des peuples autochtones (AGNU 2007, article 31). Si les institutions muséales occidentales ont progressivement opéré un changement de paradigme (Fienup-Riordan 1999 ; Simpson 2001), les peuples autochtones se dotent aujourd’hui de moyens qui leurs sont propres afin de favoriser la protection, la mise en valeur, la transmission, et souvent la restitution de ces patrimoines et de ces savoirs, et par extension de leur histoire et de leur identité politique (Ames 1992 ; Peers 2000). Le développement de musées, de centres culturels, d’écoles de transmission des savoirs ou de programmes éducatifs culturellement ancrés s’inscrit dans des projets de sociétés qui visent le renforcement des structures de gouvernance et de la souveraineté des peuples autochtones. Il est dès lors impossible de parler des patrimoines autochtones sans parler de mise en valeur et de protection des savoirs, de restitution des données ethnographiques (Zonabend 1994 ; Glowczewski 2009 ; De Largy Healy 2011), de gestion collaborative des collections muséales, et évidemment de participation des peuples autochtones dans ces processus (Tuhiwai Smith 1999). La littérature, le cinéma, la musique, la bande dessinée, les romans graphiques, l’art contemporain, le design, le tourisme ou les réseaux socionumériques s’affirment aujourd’hui comme des éléments incontournables du patrimoine autochtone, mais également comme des stratégies de reconnaissance politique (Coulthard 2014) et d’autoreprésentation identitaire. Ces processus complexes de patrimonialisation institutionnelle nous amènent à considérer enfin les acteurs du patrimoine. Guides spirituels, artistes, chefs familiaux, conservateurs, muséologues, technolinguistes, chercheurs autodidactes, enseignants, aînés-gardiens du savoir ou jeunes activistes, ces experts culturels sont régulièrement sollicités afin de transmettre, de valoriser ou de protéger des savoirs et des pratiques qui se construisent aussi en dehors de l'institution, dans le cadre d'actions citoyennes, de projets communautaires ou de dynamiques familiales. Le territoire devient alors l'espace privilégié de patrimonialisation des pratiques et des savoirs autochtones dans lequel les femmes jouent un rôle central (Basile 2017). Ces médiateurs du patrimoine doivent également faire face à divers enjeux concernant les formes et les stratégies de patrimonialisation actuelles, comme par exemple l’appropriation culturelle et la propriété intellectuelle (Bell et Napoléon 2008 ; Bell 1992, 2014) et les processus de rapatriement des biens culturels. Les processus de rapatriement sont indissociables des mouvements d’affirmations identitaire et politique autochtones qui se développent et se renforcent depuis les années 1960-70 (Clifford 1997, 2007, 2013 ; Gagné 2012 ; Matthews 2014, 2016 ; Mauzé 2008, 2010). Les biens culturels acquis de manières illicites, les restes humains ou les objets culturels sacrés nécessaires à la transmission d’une tradition sont généralement considérés par les institutions comme admissibles aux processus de rapatriement. Même si le mouvement international d’affirmation politique autochtone a conduit au rapatriement de nombreux objets dans leurs milieux d’origine, les processus restent souvent dans l’impasse, et ce pour au moins trois raisons : les experts locaux doivent réunir une documentation importante sur l’objet ; les groupes autochtones ne possèdent pas les infrastructures nécessaires pour conserver l’objet ; les Musées d’État ne sont pas prêts à se départir de ‘leurs’ collections.