Дисертації з теми "Structure 3D protéine"
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Woźnicka-Misăilă, Aleksandra. "An investigation and characterization of different ADP/ATP Carrier homologs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this PhD project was to gain new structural data on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers and develop tools for micro- and nano-crystallography approaches applied to membrane protein structural biology.The main role of the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) is to import and export ADP3- and ATP4- respectively between the intermembrane space and the matrix through the inner mitochondrial membrane. AAC is the best characterized among all mitochondrial carriers. Much has been done to investigate its function and structure. However, since structural data are only available for one conformation of the protein some fundamental questions about the different conformational states adopted during the transport process still need to be answered.In this thesis we considered 4 human AAC homologs as a main target. They are involved in different genetic diseases but play also a role in cancerogenesis. This thesis describes and compares in detail the functional and structural characterization of the human AAC isoforms. It was an essential step to give insight into their native properties and is a precious starting point for the drug development field.Since the structural biology field is rapidly developing especially in serial crystallography techniques, there are more and more new applications for samples preparation, mounting and measurements in order to improve the quality of the data collected at the synchrotrons. Hence, our second objective was to use different membrane protein samples to develop new crystal-friendly crystallization set up combined with different sample environment on the beamline toward faster, more efficient and simpler data collection
Dos, Santos Morais Raphael. "Interaction dystrophine-membrane : structure 3D de fragments de la dystrophine en présence de phospholipides." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B062/document.
Повний текст джерелаDystrophin is a large peripheral membrane protein that provides a supporting role for sarcolemma allowing muscle cells to withstand the mechanical stresses generated during contraction / elongation processes. Genetic mutations lead to dystrophin production in truncated form or even to a total deficit in the protein leading to severe myopathies currently incurable. Designing adapted therapies requires a huge knowledge of the biological role of dystrophin. Using a structure / function approach, our aim is to determine the molecular bases involved in the interactions of dystrophin with the membrane lipids of the sarcolemma. Using a small-angle scattering approach (SAXS and SANS) combined with molecular modeling, we show that bicelles constitute a versatile membrane mimic that is particularly adapted to analyze the structure of membrane proteins. This original methodological development was exploited to characterize the structural changes undergone by dystrophin upon lipid binding. We highlight in particular that the lipid binding induces a significant opening of the coiled-coil structure of the repeat 1 of the central domain and, in conclusion, we propose an all-atom model of the protein bound to a bicelle. These thesis works (i) constitute a significant methodological contribution for the study of membrane proteins, (ii) contribute to a better understanding of the biological role of dystrophin for therapies dedicated to patients with myopathies
Touré, Océane. "Approche biocatalytique pour la synthèse de lactames." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF027.
Повний текст джерелаBiotechnology is now a well-established part of the chemical industry landscape. In the field of biocatalysis, there are numerous examples of the successful implementation of enzymatic steps in synthesis processes or the development of complete enzymatic pathways, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry.Lactams are compounds found in many natural and synthetic products, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and are precursors in polymer chemistry. To access lactams from simple omega-amino acid backbones, synthesis requires a two-step process: first, activation of the acid function, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic amine addition. For small lactams (5-7 members), intramolecular cyclization occurs spontaneously once the acid has been activated.As part of our work on enzymatic access routes to amides, we recently developed a synthesis involving activation by CoA ligases, in the absence of CoASH, and using only their ability to activate the acid by adenylation with ATP, introduced at only 5 mol% thanks to the implementation of a regeneration system.Until now, the type of lactams obtained by biocatalysis has been limited to bare, functionless rings. The aim of the project is to provide enzymes for the biocatalytic synthesis of 5- to 7-membered functionalized lactams. To achieve this, two approaches will be pursued:1) Exploration of biodiversity. A collection of CoA ligase enzymes, built up using a genomic approach based on sequence identity, is available in the laboratory. This collection, comprising around 250 enzymes, will be screened on lactam precursor substrates of interest. Adenylation enzymes other than CoA ligases have been identified and will also be tested.2) Rational design. In collaboration with the team of Prof. Dick Janssen and Dr. Andy-Mark Thunnissen (University of Groningen, Netherlands), structural data will be used to generate targeted libraries. Substrate docking experiments will be carried out to target mutations
Hoffmann, Brice. "Développement d'approches de chémogénomique pour la prédiction des interactions protéine - ligand." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679718.
Повний текст джерелаSegueni, Julie. "DNA methylation changes CTCF binding and reorganizes 3D genome structure in breast cancer cells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL020.
Повний текст джерелаMammalian genomes adopt a functional 3D organization where enhancer-promoter interactions are constrained within Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). The CTCF insulator protein has a dual role in this process, with binding at promoters resulting in the formation of enhancer-promoter loops (intra-TAD structure) and binding at TAD boundaries preventing the formation of inappropriate loops between neighboring domains. Importantly, perturbations of CTCF binding at specific sites in cancer cells can be caused by both changes to the DNA sequence (mutations) or DNA methylation changes (epi-mutations). We first performed precisely-calibrated CTCF ChIP-seq experiments and found that a large number of sites are differentially bound, with a substantial fraction of differential CTCF binding peaks shared among cancer cell lines. Differential CTCF peaks can both be gained and lost and are often localized close to genes associated with breast cancer transformation. We found a striking correlation between CTCF binding changes and H3K27ac changes indicating a link between CTCF binding and the activity of cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Using high-resolution Hi-C, we assessed the impact of differential CTCF binding on chromatin structure, characterizing considerable 3D genome reorganization at gene loci with perturbed CTCF peaks. Unexpectedly, we find the most drastic examples of reorganization within TADs, at the level of enhancer-promoter loops. Then, we identified DNA methylation changes as the upstream cause of CTCF binding deregulation in our breast cancer model. Using genome-wide hypomethylating agent, we were able to partially reverse observed CTCF binding changes and the gene expression changes they induced. Our work thus identifies a pervasive DNA-methylation-guided reorganization of CTCF binding and intra-TAD structure. Such recurrent patterns of epi-mutations can provide a mechanistic explanation for shared gene deregulation in cancers
Bragantini, Benoît. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine Bcd1, impliquée dans la biogenèse des snoRNP à boîtes C/D chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0295/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe protein Bcd1 is a nuclear factor essential for the cellular viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is described as required to ensure box C/D snoRNA stability. These small non-coding RNAs associate with an invariable set of 4 proteins to form the box C/D snoRNPs that are crucial players in ribosome biogenesis. Indeed, some of these particles participate in mechanisms for the maturation of the ribosomal RNA precursor (prerRNA) and the vast majority of the other particles are catalysts of 2’-O-methylation of riboses. Bcd1p is not present in mature particles, but is one of the assembly factors in addition to the Rsa1p:Hit1p and R2TP (Rvb1p:Rvb2p:Tah1p:Pih1p) sub-complexes. Our analysis of the different Bcd1p fragments has firstly shown that the essential function of Bcd1p relies on its N-terminal region (residues 1 to 96). It comprises a double zinc finger domain from the zf-HIT family, also present in another box C/D snoRNP assembly factor, the protein Hit1. We solved the 3D solution structure of these two zinc fingers and showed that these are modules for the interaction of Bcd1p with the Rvb1/2 proteins. Secondly, we identified the C-terminal region (residues 120 to 303) of Bcd1p as being sufficient to interact with the histone chaperone Rtt106p. The 3D solution structure of this domain of Bcd1p was determined by NMR. Different approaches of hydrogen/deuterium kinetic exchange and cross-link experiments followed by mass spectrometry analysis, NMR titration, and SAXS allowed us to obtain information about the interaction surfaces on each of the two proteins. A fragment defined from NMR data on the free Bcd1p allowed us to obtain crystals of the Bcd1p:Rtt106p complex, opening the perspective to solve its 3D structure by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, functional studies started in order to determine the importance of this complex formation in box C/D snoRNP biogenesis and the impact of Bcd1p on the interaction of Rtt106p with nucleosomes
Dhifli, Wajdi. "Topological and domain Knowledge-based subgraph mining : application on protein 3D-structures." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946989.
Повний текст джерелаDelavoie, Franck. "Formation, cristallogenèse et détermination de la structure tridimensionnelle, d'un dérivé phosphorylé covalent stable, de l'ATPase-Ca2+ du réticulum sarcoplasmique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364640.
Повний текст джерелаDhifli, Wajdi. "Fouille de Sous-graphes Basée sur la Topologie et la Connaissance du Domaine: Application sur les Structures 3D de Protéines." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922209.
Повний текст джерелаRolland, Nicolas. "Étude chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae des relations entre la structure du petit ARN nucléolaire U3, ses interactions avec les protéines de la particule nucléolaire snoRNP U3 et sa fonction dans la biogenèse des ribosomes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0317.
Повний текст джерелаU3 snoRNA contains two conserved pairs of boxes C'/D and B/C needed to bind the stably associated proteins. Binding of protein Snu13p/15.5 kD to each of the conserved motifs is a prerequisite for recruitment of the 4 other U3 snoRNP proteins, namely: Nop1p, Nop56p and Nop58p on the C'/D motif and the Rrp9p U3 specific protein on the B/C motif. We used the known 3D structure of a human G protein containing 7 WD-40 motifs and 3D structure homology modeling methods to build a 3D structure model for Rrp9p. In parallel, by production of variant U3 snoRNAs, and by testing their in vivo stabilities and activities, we identified the C'/D determinants needed for association of proteins Snu13p, Nop1p, Nop56p and Nop58p to U3 snoRNA. Based on a 3D structure model of U3 C/D box RNP built by C Charron, we then formulated hypotheses on the possible interactions between the C'/D motif and amino acids from Snu13p and Nop58p and verified the hypotheses by site-directed mutagenesis of yeast cell components. The data also revealed that very low amounts of U3 snoRNA are sufficient to ensure yeast growth. By site directed mutagenesis, I also studied how the C'/D and B/C motifs should be positioned one relative to the other in order to be functional. Taken together, my work brings important information on the architecture of yeast U3 snoRNP and its functional constraints
Guilhot-Gaudeffroy, Adrien. "Modélisation et score de complexes protéine-ARN." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112228/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy thesis shows results for the prediction of protein-RNA interactions with machine learning. An international community named CAPRI (Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions) regularly assesses in silico methods for the prediction of the interactions between macromolecules. Using blindpredictions within time constraints, protein-protein interactions and more recently protein-RNA interaction prediction techniques are assessed.In a first stage, we worked on curated protein-RNA benchmarks, including 120 3D structures extracted from the non redundant PRIDB (Protein-RNA Interface DataBase). We also tested the protein-RNA prediction method we designed using 40 protein-RNA complexes that were extracted from state-ofthe-art benchmarks and independent from the non redundant PRIDB complexes. Generating candidates identical to the in vivo solution with only a few 3D structures is an issue we tackled by modelling a candidate generation strategy using RNA structure perturbation in the protein-RNAcomplex. Such candidates are either near-native candidates – if they are close enough to the solution– or decoys – if they are too far away. We want to discriminate the near-native candidates from thedecoys. For the evaluation, we performed an original cross-validation process we called leave-”onepdb”-out, where there is one fold per protein-RNA complex and each fold contains the candidates generated using one complex. One of the gold standard approaches participating in the CAPRI experiment as to date is RosettaDock. RosettaDock is originally optimized for protein-proteincomplexes. For the learning step of our scoring function, we adapted and used an evolutionary algorithm called ROGER (ROC-based Genetic LearnER) to learn a logistic function. The results show that our scoring function performs much better than the original RosettaDock scoring function. Thus,we extend RosettaDock to the prediction of protein-RNA interactions. We also evaluated classifier based and metaclassifier-based approaches, which can lead to new improvements with further investigation.In a second stage, we introduced a new way to evaluate candidates using a multi-scale protocol. A candidate is geometrically represented on an atomic level – the most detailed scale – as well as on a coarse-grained level. The coarse-grained level is based on the construction of a Voronoi diagram over the coarse-grained atoms of the 3D structure. Voronoi diagrams already successfully modelled coarsegrained interactions for protein-protein complexes in the past. The idea behind the multi-scale protocolis to first find the interaction patch (epitope) between the protein and the RNA before using the time consuming and yet more precise atomic level. We modelled new scoring terms, as well as new scoring functions to evaluate generated candidates. Results are promising. Reducing the number of parameters involved and optimizing the explicit solvent model may improve the coarse-grained level predictions
Faure, Guilhem. "Prédictions de structures 3D des complexes macromoléculaires." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066490.
Повний текст джерелаMoniot, Antoine. "Modélisation 3D de complexes ARN-protéine par assemblage combinatoire de fragments structuraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0339.
Повний текст джерелаThe characterization of RNA-protein complexes at the atomic scale allows us to better understand the biological functions of these complexes, and to define therapeutic targets to regulate the biological phenomena in which they participate. The aim of this thesis is to develop tools to predict the structure of a protein-RNA complex when a 3D structure of the protein is known as well as the secondary structure of the interacting RNA part. We focus on the case where RNA is mainly in single-stranded form (unpaired nucleotides), raising the difficulty of its flexibility.A docking method developed in the CAPSID team is based on the use of structural fragments of single-stranded RNA. The work of this thesis builds on this method to perform docking of RNA secondary structures. We first evaluated the contribution of a loop closure constraint for docking the single-stranded loop of a hairpin structure, and then addressed the docking of the double-stranded elements of these structures, paving the way for the assembly of the entire complex.This fragment-based docking method is dependent on the use of structural fragment libraries. These libraries are composed of prototypes that represent the conformational landscape experimentally observed in protein-bound RNA structures. A large part of the thesis work consisted in the creation and optimization of such fragment libraries.We created the ProtNAff tool that allows to extract subsets of structures from the PDB and to create libraries of nucleic acid fragments, following complex combinations of criteria. It has been designed to exceed our needs, so that it can be adopted by the community for the treatment of various problems.We have developed a new approach for inferring prototypes of a set of conformations. The set of prototypes must satisfy two contradictory constraints: to be representative (in the sense of the metric) and of cardinality as small as possible. The problem thus reduces to that of inferring an epsilon-network of minimal cardinality. We treat it in all its generality by discussing the spaces on which the data are defined. Our method is based on hierarchical agglomerative classification with as linkage the radius of the minimum balls enclosing the points of each subset. Applied to our libraries, this approach reduced their size by a factor of 4, and our docking computation time by the same amount, while improving their reliability.Finally, to overcome the problem posed by the pairwise superimposition of structures, we used a representation of the fragments in internal coordinates, allowing to reduce further the computation time for the creation of libraries
Sekhi, Ikram. "Développement d'un alphabet structural intégrant la flexibilité des structures protéiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC084/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this PhD is to provide a Structural Alphabet (SA) for more accurate characterization of protein three-dimensional (3D) structures as well as integrating the increasing protein 3D structure information currently available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The SA also takes into consideration the logic behind the structural fragments sequence by using the hidden Markov Model (HMM). In this PhD, we describe a new structural alphabet, improving the existing HMM-SA27 structural alphabet, called SAFlex (Structural Alphabet Flexibility), in order to take into account the uncertainty of data (missing data in PDB files) and the redundancy of protein structures. The new SAFlex structural alphabet obtained therefore offers a new, rigorous and robust encoding model. This encoding takes into account the encoding uncertainty by providing three encoding options: the maximum a posteriori (MAP), the marginal posterior distribution (POST), and the effective number of letters at each given position (NEFF). SAFlex also provides and builds a consensus encoding from different replicates (multiple chains, monomers and several homomers) of a single protein. It thus allows the detection of structural variability between different chains. The methodological advances and the achievement of the SAFlex alphabet are the main contributions of this PhD. We also present the new PDB parser(SAFlex-PDB) and we demonstrate that our parser is therefore interesting both qualitative (detection of various errors) and quantitative terms (program optimization and parallelization) by comparing it with two other parsers well-known in the area of Bioinformatics (Biopython and BioJava). The SAFlex structural alphabet is being made available to the scientific community by providing a website. The SAFlex web server represents the concrete contribution of this PhD while the SAFlex-PDB parser represents an important contribution to the proper function of the proposed website. Here, we describe the functions and the interfaces of the SAFlex web server. The SAFlex can be used in various fashions for a protein tertiary structure of a given PDB format file; it can be used for encoding the 3D structure, identifying and predicting missing data. Hence, it is the only alphabet able to encode and predict the missing data in a 3D protein structure to date. Finally, these improvements; are promising to explore increasing protein redundancy data and obtain useful quantification of their flexibility
Jambon, Martin. "Un système bioinformatique de recherche de similitudes fonctionnelles dans les structures 3D de protéines." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10075.
Повний текст джерелаDo, Viet Phuong. "Développement et applications de méthodes bioinformatiques pour l'identification des répétitions en tandem dans les structures des protéines." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT072.
Повний текст джерелаIn general, protein structures can be divided into: repetitive and aperiodic structures. Most of the aperiodic structures are globular proteins. The repetitive proteins contain arrays of repeats that are adjacent to each other, called Tandem Repeats (TRs). Proteins containing TRs are abundant and have fundamental functional importance. Numerous studies demonstrated the involvement of such TR-containing proteins in human diseases. Furthermore, genetic instability of these regions can lead to emerging infection threats. Additionally, TR-containing structures have generated significant interest with respect to protein design as they can make excellent scaffolds for specific recognition of target molecules. Therefore, the discovery of these domains, understanding of their sequence–structure–function relationship promises to be a fertile direction for research.The growth of structural genomics initiatives, in combination with improvements in crystallographic and NMR techniques aimed at non-globular proteins, has resulted in an increase in structurally elucidated TR proteins. This has necessitated the development of classification schemes. Structural repeats were broadly divided into five classes mainly based on repeat length; Class I – crystalline aggregates; Class II – fibrous structures such as collagen; Class III – elongated structures where the repetitive units require each other for structural stability such as solenoid proteins; Class IV – closed repetitive structures, such as TIM-barrels and Class V – bead on a string structures such as tandems of Ig-fold domains. Despite this progress, the majority of bioinformatics approaches have focused on non-repetitive globular proteins.In recent years, efforts have been made to develop bioinformatics tools for the detection and analysis of repetitive elements in protein structures (3D TRs). Depending on the size and character of the repeats, some methods perform better than others, but currently no best approach exists to cover the whole range of repeats. This served as a motivation for the development of our method called the TAndem PrOtein detector (TAPO). TAPO exploits, periodicities of atomic coordinates and other types of structural representation, including strings generated by conformational alphabets, residue contact maps, and arrangements of vectors of secondary structure elements. Currently, seven feature based scores produced by TAPO are combined using a Support Vector Machine, producing a score to enable the differentiation between proteins with and without 3D TRs. TAPO shows an improved performance over other cutting edge methods, achieving 94% sensitivity and 97% specificity on the current benchmark. The development of TAPO provided new opportunities for large scale analysis of proteins with 3D TRs. In accordance with our analysis of PDB using TAPO, 19% of proteins contain 3D TRs. The large scale analysis of the 3D TR structures in PDB also allows us to discover several new types of TR structures that were absent in the existing classification. Some of them are described in the thesis manuscript. This suggests that TAPO can be used to regularly update the collection and classification of existing repetitive structures. In particular, a comprehensive analysis of 3D TRs related to Rossmann Fold (RF) was undertaken. Our special interest in RFs was based on the observation that many proteins with RFs represent borderline cases between repetitive and non-repetitive structures. In principle, α-helix-β-strand units of RFs should have a strong potential to stack one over the other, forming repetitive structures. To probe the question of how frequently RFs form long arrays of stacked repeats, we selected by using TAPO known RF-containing structures and classified them. Our analysis shows that typical RFs cannot be clearly defined as repetitive, rather they are part of globular structures with up to 3 αβ-repeats. We provide some explanations for this surprising observation
Dhondge, Hrishikesh. "Structural characterization of RNA binding to RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains using data integration, 3D modeling and molecular dynamic simulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0103.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis was carried out in the frame of a larger European project (ITN RNAct) in which computer science and biology approaches were combined to make progress towards the synthesis of new protein domains able to bind to specific RNA sequences. The specific goal of this thesis was to design and develop computational tools to better exploit existing knowledge on RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domains using 3D modeling of RRM-RNA complexes. RRMs account for 50% of all RNA binding proteins and are present in about 2% of the protein-coding regions of the human genome. However, due to the large diversity of RRMs, there have been very few successful examples of new RRM design so far. A central achievement of this thesis is the construction of a relational database called `InteR3M' that integrates sequence, structural and functional information about RRM domains. InteR3M database (href{https://inter3mdb.loria.fr/}{https://inter3mdb.loria.fr/}) contains 400,892 RRM domain instances (derived from UniProt entries) and 1,456 experimentally solved 3D structure (derived from PDB entries) corresponding to only 303 distinct RRM instances. In addition, InteR3M stores 459,859 atom-atom interactions between RRM and nucleic acids, retrieved from 656 3D structures in which the RRM domain is complexed with RNA or DNA. During the data collection procedure, inconsistencies were detected in the classification of several RRM instances in the popular domain databases CATH and Pfam. This led me to propose an original approach (CroMaSt) to solve this issue, based on cross-mapping of structural instances of RRMs between these two domain databases and on the structural alignment of unmapped instances with an RRM structural prototype. The CroMaSt CWL workflow is available on the European Workflow hub at href{https://workflowhub.eu/workflows/390}{https://workflowhub.eu/workflows/390}. Sequence and structural information stored in InteR3M database was then used to align RRM domains and map all RRM-RNA interactions onto this alignment to identify the different binding modes of RNA to RRM domains. This led to the development, with RNAct partners at VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), of the `RRMScorer' tool. This tool contributes to decipher the RRM-RNA code by computing binding probabilities between RNA nucleotides and RRM amino acids at certain positions of the alignment. Atomic contacts between RRMs and RNA were also used to identify anchoring patterns, i.e. prototypes of 3D atomic positions (relative to the protein backbone) of a nucleotide stacked on a conserved aromatic amino acid. These anchors can be used as constraints in anchored docking protocols. The `RRM-RNA dock' docking pipeline is presented here and integrates both anchoring patterns extracted from InteR3M and binding scores from RRMScorer. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation is another computational tool tested in this thesis to contribute to the 3D modeling of RRM-RNA complexes. Promising preliminary MD protocols are described as attempts to distinguish between strongly and weakly binding RRM-RNA complexes
Devillé, Julie. "Etude structurale des cassures d'hélices et son application à la modélisation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346950.
Повний текст джерелаMatar, Merheb Rachel Rima. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle génération de détergents stabilisateurs des transporteurs abc en solution : cristallisation de BmrA, transporteur ABC bactérien." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10303.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their preponderance in the resistance to chemotherapies, the MDR ABC transporters have drawn the attention of the scientific community. Our project aimed at finding conditions in which ABC transporters are active in solution to lead the crystallization of these proteins in an active conformation. In this purpose, we conceived and developed a new class of detergents, based on calix[4]arene ring, that stabilize these proteins. In order to solve the 3D-structure to atomic resolution of bacterial ABC transporter “BmrA” responsible for antibiotic resistance, we used a classical approach with commercial detergents in addition to the innovative ones. We have crystallized the protein in presence of Foscholine 12 with a diffraction resolution up to 5 Å. The data was incomplete; solving partially the structure of the transmembrane domains. On the other hand, we have reached the objective of extraction, purification and stabilization of this transporter by using calix[4]arene-based detergents. We have also shown that these detergents promote and enhance the kinetics of crystallization of BmrA, a step that we are improving, to get crystals of better resolution, for resolving the BmrA 3D-structure which will be used to design adapted inhibitors
Habenstein, Birgit. "Structural insights into fibrillar proteins from solid-state NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10212.
Повний текст джерелаSolid-state NMR is the method of choice for studies on insoluble proteins and other high molecular weight protein complexes. The inherent insolubility of fibrillar proteins, as well as their complex architecture, makes the application of x-ray crystallography and solution state NMR difficult. Solid-state NMR is not limited by the molecular weight or by the absence of long-range structural order, and is thus a powerful tool for the 3D structural investigation of fibrillar proteins. The assignment of the NMR resonances is a prerequisite to obtain structural information at atomic level. The first part of this thesis describes the development of solid-state NMR methods to assign the resonances in large proteins. We apply these methods to assign the 33 kDa C-terminal domain of the Ure2p prion which is up to now the largest protein assigned by solid-state NMR. Our results provide the basis to study high molecular weight proteins at atomic level. This is demonstrated in the second part with the first high-resolution solid-state NMR study of Ure2 and Sup35 prion fibrils. We describe the conformation of the functional domains and prion domains in the full-length fibrils and in isolation. The third fibrillar protein addressed in this work is the Parkinson’s disease related α-synuclein whereof we demonstrate the NMR resonance assignment and the secondary structure determination of a new polymorph. Thus, the studies described here provide new insights in the structural diversity of fibril architectures, and plead to view fibrils as individuals from a structural point of view, rather than a homogenous protein family
DUPUIS, Franck. "Tessellations de Voronoï appliquées aux structures protéiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006058.
Повний текст джерелаKilburg, Arnaud. "Cristallisation du transporteur ABC BmrA de Bacillus subtilis : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de dosage des détergents par Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10116/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur project aims to determine the 3D structure of BmrA from Bacillus subtilis. The protein was purified in six different detergents. Using foscholine 12, led to crystallize OmpF, an outer membrane porin of E. coli. We show that the crystallization conditions directly influence the crystal packing of OmpF. The BmrA purification protocol optimized by using Triton X100 at the extraction and a mixture β-D-dodecyl-maltoside cholate for chromatographic steps allowed us to get to 4°C crystals, for which we verified they consist of BmrA. These crystals have yielded full data to 7 Å. These diffraction data are a significant advance in the short term to resolve the 3D structure of BmrA. We have developed a new detergents dosage assay which is based on the determination by MALDI-type mass ratio of deuterated isotopes / protonated. The method was validated with the FC12, the DDM, the β-OG, the LMNG, CHAPS, cholate detergents and calix [4] aréniques by measuring the concentration of these detergents in different conditions of extraction/ purification, concentration, dialysis and gel filtration, of different membrane proteins. This method allowed us (i) to estimate the size of the detergent belt associated to BmrA and other membrane proteins (ii) to modulate this size in terms of the detergent mixture and (iii) to provide information on the behavior of complex protein-detergent
Boudard, Mélanie. "Prédiction de structure tridimensionnelle de molécules d’ARN par minimisation de regret." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe functions of RNA molecules in cellular processes are related very closely to its three dimensional structure. It is thus essential to predict the structure for understanding RNA functions. This folding can be seen as a two-step process: the formation of a secondary structure and the formation of three-dimensional structure. This first step is the results of strong interactions between nucleotides, and the second one is obtain by the tertiary interactions. Predicting the secondary structure is well-known and results in numerous advances since thirty years. However, predicting the three-dimensional structure is a more difficult problem due to the high number of possibility. To overcome this problem, we decided to see the folding of the RNA structure as a game. The secondary structure of the RNA is represented as a graph: its corresponds to a coarse-grained modeling of this structure. This modeling allows us to fold the RNA molecule in a discrete space. Our hypothesis is to understand the 3D structure like an equilibrium in game theory. To find this equilibrium, we will use regret minimization algorithms. We also study different formalizations of the game, based on biological statistics. The objective of this work is to develop a method of RNA folding which will work on all types of secondary structures and results more accurate than current approaches. Our method, called GARN, reached the expected objectives and allowed us to deepen the interesting factors for coarse-grained structure prediction on molecules
Racine, Victor. "Quantification des dynamiques cellulaires par analyse de données de vidéo-microscopie 3D+t." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066480.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents several approaches aiming to analyze fluorescence microscopy images in the field of cell biology. It is essentially focused on techniques for localization and tracking of multimolecular complexes in multidimensional data (2D, 2D+t, 3D and 3D+t). The first part of this work is dedicated to the extraction and characterization of fluorescent biological structures using wavelet based segmentation. Various biological studies performed in collaboration with various research groups are detailed, such as a study about morphometric analysis of organelles of cell constrained by micro patterns or the localization of the mid1p protein in yeasts. In a second part, a tracking algorithm of labeled molecular structures is presented. It is based on the linking over time of segmented objects by minimizing the association costs by a simulated annealing technique. This method is particularly well adapted in a lot of biological situations, because it allows modeling of many events like birth, death, fusion and fission. A single molecule (mono-disperse DNA 166kbp) dynamics analysis has been made using this tracking technique in order to extract the variations of the molecular diffusion coefficient. The third part describes a set of analyzes with the goal to study the spatial and temporal localization of transport intermediates involved in the membrane trafficking tagged by chimerical GFP-Rab6A and GFP-Rab6A’ proteins. Several complementary approaches are used to extract quantitative information and to describe the underneath biological processes
Melet, Armelle. "Etude par mutagenèse dirigée de la topologie des sites actifs et des spécificités de substrats des cytochromes P450 2C9 et 2C8 humains." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P602.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript deals with the functional and structural study of two drug metabolism enzymes : human cytochromes P450 CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. Molecular biology tools (site-directed mutagenesis, chimera construction) were used to assess the functional importance of several amino-acids in these hemoproteins. The choice of mutations was based on the in silico analysis of modelled enzyme/substrate complexes, on published X-ray structures and alignment of CYP2Cs sequences. Nine mutants of CYP2C9, 21 mutants of CYP2C8 and 4 CYP2C8/2C9 chimera were thus constructed during this PhD thesis. After expression in the yeast strain W(R), their catalytic properties were compared to those of the wild type enzyme. The overall results, presented in two parts, highlight the critical role of 3 key residues for the CYP2C9 active site (Ser365, Phe114 et Phe476) and of 6 key residues for CYP2C8 (Arg97, Ser100, Ser114, Phe201, Phe205, Arg241
Arumugam, Karthik. "Prédiction de structure d'ATPases de type P1 et simulations de dynamique moléculaire (DM) de leurs domaines de liaison des métaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10221.
Повний текст джерелаP1-type ATPases are a special kind of ATP driven pumps which transport soft heavy metals (Cu+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+) across the cell membranes. Their complete structure is, in general, unknown. We are interested in the structure and dynamics of the transmembrane part of the Cadmium ATPase (CadA) and the metal binding domains of the human Copper transporting Menkes ATPase. Sequence similarity and hydropathy analyses, completed by experiments have shown that soft metal pumps are constituted of 8 transmembrane regions (TMs), compared to 10 for SERCA, the calcium pump for which the 3D structure is known. In collaboration with the biochemists in the laboratory, and using standard programs like MODELLER, CHARMM, XPLOR, AMD together with our own programs, we have predicted the structure of the TMs of CadA. We have built several models of the TM bundle corresponding to several topologies, calculated all atom coordinates with a procedure similar to structure determination from NMR experiments and refined these coordinates using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations in an implicit membrane. The Adaptive MD (AMD) program has been used to interactively check the models for bad loop positioning or ''knots'' in the structure. Another interesting feature of P1-type ATPase is the presence of one to six N-terminal conserved GxTCxxC metal binding domain(s) (MBDS). In the case of the Menkes ATPase, there are 6 MBDs, each of them being able to bind Cu+. The structure of each MBD separately is known from NMR spectroscopy but the structure of the assembly is unknown. Using MD simulations, we have studied the dynamics of each MBD in the presence or absence of metal with the final goal of understanding how the metal is transferred from the metallochaperone which binds the metal when it enters the cell to the MBD and why the presence of 6 MBDs is needed for the correct functioning of the pump. These studies have used recent work of researchers in the team on the parameterization of metal ions for molecular mechanics force fields and MD studies on metallochaperones. We show that fast approximate in silico models of metal ions can help understand metal binding and transport in metalloproteins or ATPases, which are known to be major pharmaceutical targets
Arumugam, Karthik. "Prédiction de structure d'ATPases de type P1 et simulations de dynamique moléculaire (DM) de leurs domaines de liaison des métaux." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481898.
Повний текст джерелаGanne, Géraldine. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de lectines et d'adhésines chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949168.
Повний текст джерелаBriot, Julie. "Identification biochimique et fonctionnelle des domaines structuraux d’une sous-unité des canaux calciques." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21202.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Melckebeke Hélène. "Etude structurale des protéines et des acides nucléiques par RMN. Etude de la répression du gène de la beta-lactamase chez B. licheniformis 749/I. Augmentation de la résolution des spectres RMN multidimensionnels par filtrage Hadamard." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011563.
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