Статті в журналах з теми "Structural Fire-testing"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Structural Fire-testing.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Structural Fire-testing".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Radzi, Noor Azim Mohd, Roszilah Hamid, Azrul A. Mutalib, and A. B. M. Amrul Kaish. "A Review of the Structural Fire Performance Testing Methods for Beam-to-Column Connections." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 3, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5432746.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The structural fire performance tests for beam-to-column connections are critical in determining their fire performance at high temperatures. The current standard fire testing methods provide the procedures for establishing the fire resistance of each construction element exposed to a standard fire. However, these methods cannot verify the fire behaviour of the connections between building elements. Researchers have performed numerous fire tests on beam-to-column connections despite the lack of structural fire performance testing methods. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the structural fire performance testing methods for beam-to-column connections. The major areas in this review are travelling fires, development of travelling fires on beam-to-column connections, fire testing considerations, fire testing criteria, recent fire testing, and loading applications. This paper identifies the key issues and challenges of the structural fire performance testing methods for beam-to-column connections. Finally, this paper provides recommendations and discusses the way forward for structural fire performance tests on beam-to-column connections.
2
Sauca, Ana, Thomas Gernay, Fabienne Robert, Nicola Tondini, and Jean-Marc Franssen. "Hybrid fire testing." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2017-0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for hybrid fire testing (HFT) which is unconditionally stable, ensures equilibrium and compatibility at the interface and captures the global behavior of the analyzed structure. HFT is a technique that allows assessing experimentally the fire performance of a structural element under real boundary conditions that capture the effect of the surrounding structure. Design/methodology/approach The paper starts with the analysis of the method used in the few previous HFT. Based on the analytical study of a simple one degree-of-freedom elastic system, it is shown that this previous method is fundamentally unstable in certain configurations that cannot be easily predicted in advance. Therefore, a new method is introduced to overcome the stability problem. The method is applied in a virtual hybrid test on a 2D reinforced concrete beam part of a moment-resisting frame. Findings It is shown through analytical developments and applicative examples that the stability of the method used in previous HFT depends on the stiffness ratio between the two substructures. The method is unstable when implemented in force control on a physical substructure that is less stiff than the surrounding structure. Conversely, the method is unstable when implemented in displacement control on a physical substructure stiffer than the remainder. In multi-degrees-of-freedom tests where the temperature will affect the stiffness of the elements, it is generally not possible to ensure continuous stability throughout the test using this former method. Therefore, a new method is proposed where the stability is not dependent on the stiffness ratio between the two substructures. Application of the new method in a virtual HFT proved to be stable, to ensure compatibility and equilibrium at the interface and to reproduce accurately the global structural behavior. Originality/value The paper provides a method to perform hybrid fire tests which overcomes the stability problem lying in the former method. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated in a virtual HFT with three degrees-of-freedom at the interface, the next step being its implementation in a real (laboratory) hybrid test.
3
Qureshi, Ramla Karim, Negar Elhami-Khorasani, and Thomas Gernay. "Adaption of active boundary conditions in structural fire testing." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 504–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-12-2018-0042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the need for active boundary conditions during fire testing of structural elements, review existing studies on hybrid fire testing (HFT), a technique that would ensure updating of boundary conditions during a fire test, and propose a compensation scheme to mitigate instabilities in the hybrid testing procedure. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on structural steel columns and starts with a detailed literature review of steel column fire tests in the past few decades with varying axial and rotational end restraints. The review is followed with new results from comparative numerical analyses of structural steel columns with various end constraints. HFT is then discussed as a potential solution to be adapted for fire testing of structural elements. Challenges in contemporary HFT procedures are discussed, and application of stiffness updating approaches is demonstrated. Findings The reviewed studies indicate that axial and rotational restraints at the boundaries considerably influence the fire response of steel columns. Equivalent static spring technique for simulating effect of surrounding frame on an isolated column behavior does not depict accurate buckling and post-buckling response. Additionally, numerical models that simulate fire performance of a column situated in a full-frame do follow the trends observed in actual test results up until failure occurs, but these simulations do not necessarily capture post-failure performance accurately. HFT can be used to capture proper boundary conditions during testing of isolated elements, as well as correct failure modes. However, existing studies showed cases with instabilities during HFT. This paper demonstrates that a different stiffness updates calculated from the force-displacement response history of test specimen at elevated temperature can be used to resolve stability issues. Originality/value The paper has two contributions: it suggests that the provision of active boundary conditions is needed in structural fire testing, as equivalent static spring does not necessarily capture the effect of surrounding frame on an isolated element during a fire test, and it shows that force-displacement response history of test specimen during HFT can be used in the form of a stiffness update to ensure test stability.
4
Chaturvedi, Shashikant, Ajitanshu Vedrtnam, Maged A. Youssef, Martin T. Palou, Gonzalo Barluenga, and Kishor Kalauni. "Fire-Resistance Testing Procedures for Construction Elements—A Review." Fire 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6010005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fire accidents are a significant risk to human life and civil infrastructure. As a countermeasure, the regulatory bodies of different countries have established standards for evaluating the performance of construction elements during fire exposure. ISO 834 is the globally accepted fire-resistance testing standard. Other standards include ASTM E119, BS 476, IS 3809, JIS A 1304, AS 1503, EN 1363, and GB/T 9978, which are utilized by the US, Britain, India, Japan, Australia, Europe, and China, respectively. This article presents a summary and comparison of the fire-resistance testing standards. In reality, standard tests for isolated structural members may not efficiently portray realistic fire scenarios due to the fire location, its intensity, etc. Thus, researchers have utilized a variety of specialized setups and full-scale non-standard fire tests to fulfill their research objectives. The article includes a summary of selected full-scale, ad hoc, and specialized setups that were reported in the literature. The article highlights the need for timely updates of fire standards to accommodate the testing of newly developed construction materials, structural systems, and possible regional fire scenarios. The article also identifies the research areas that require significant focus in experimental structural fire-resistant testing.
5
Patton, Joel S. "Fire and Smoke Corrosivity of Structural Materials." Journal of Fire Sciences 10, no. 4 (July 1992): 294–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419201000403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deleterious effects that combustion products generated dur ing fires can have on normal construction materials have been well-docu mented. The combined effects of fire, corrosive smoke and particulate have been defined as fire corrosivity. While the effects of fire corrosivity are well-known, little quantitative information is available concerning the mechanisms in volved and the degree to which materials, particularly metals, are susceptible. Consequently, a study which was conducted to begin examining the effects of fire and smoke corrosivity on metals is described and the results are presented. Various metal targets were exposed to corrosive smoke and fire particulate pro duced from polyvinylchloride (PVC) samples burned in a cone calorimeter. The target materials consisted of 304 stainless steel, 1010 carbon steel and 70-30 CuNi alloy. In addition to metal targets, electrical resistance probes were also utilized in the testing to monitor in-situ corrosion rates. The probe materials corresponded to the metal targets so that a comparison could be conducted. After testing, both the metal targets and corrosion probes were sectioned and prepared for analysis using standard metallographic techniques. The targets and probes were analyzed for corrosion products and depth of attack. Results from this testing show that all the metal targets proved highly susceptible to the effects of fire and smoke corrosivity attributed to the burning of PVC samples. These results are presented and compared by corrosion rates. In addi tion, the performance of the corrosion probes in terms of their ability to produce accurate corrosion measurements was evaluated by comparing their corrosion depth measurements to those of the metal targets. It can be concluded from these observations that the testing of structural metals for their resistance to fire corrosivity must be done over a wide range of combustion environments us ing a large number of targets in order to generate a statistical basis before any predictions can be made concerning a particular alloy's resistance.
6
Ming Wang, J. Perricone, P. C. Chang, and J. G. Quintiere. "Scale Modeling of Compartment Fires for Structural Fire Testing." Journal of Fire Protection Engineering 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042391508093337.
Повний текст джерела
7
Cirpici, Burak Kaan. "Predicting and comparing the fire performance of a small-scale composite structure." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2021.03.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a strategy for the fire testing of reduced scale structural models which will help engineers design safer structures and reduce the loss from fires. The concept of this work is how composite frame floor arrangements, beam-column connections might be modelled at a small scale suitable for fire testing. Testing full-scale is expensive, besides the testing of scaled model produces reasonable results which help us to understand the failure mechanism and all significant thermo-structural responses involved in a fire. Thermal effects within a structural element generate fire curve, thermal input and structural displacement output, in other words cause and impact. Dimensional analysis, which is a condition for dynamic similarity between prototype and model, can be achieved when all the dimensionless groups are set equal for both model and prototype. On the other hand, scaling rules are used to decide how much insulating material will be used on a structure. 5-storey composite building with composite floors and steel columns has been modelled at small scale with 1/5. The obtained results from various parametric investigations show that the reduced scale model fire test method would be a feasible way to investigate the fire performance of composite structures.
8
Turkowski, Piotr. "The structural fire design of concrete structures with externally bonded reinforcement and fire protection system." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work describes the structural fire design process of RC structures with externally bonded reinforcement. First part is based on the calculation method given in EN 1992-1-2 and addresses the question whether the fire protection of externally bonded reinforcement is necessary in every situation? The second part shows what such fire protection should look like and how it should be designed. Moreover, a test procedure for determining the effectiveness of applied fire protection systems to concrete structural members reinforced with FRP, used in Fire Testing Laboratory of Building Research Institute (ITB) is presented.
9
Kwon, In Kyu. "Analysis of Structural Stability for H-Section Made of SM 400 According to Lengths and Boundary Conditions at High Temperatures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3857.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fire can cause serious damage to steel framed buildings so most of countries have fire regulations specifying fire resistance for structural elements. Fire resistance generally has been evaluated by a limited size testing facility. However, the size of columns and beams are different based on various conditions. Especially, the height of column and boundary condition are the main factors that govern the fire resistance of structural elements. To make a basic database for the H-section made of an ordinary grade structural steel, SM 400, an analysis was conducted by using mechanical and thermal properties with a proper theory. The fact findings suggested that the fire resistance for longer and fixed to fixed column were required a new guide line for covering of fire protective materials.
10
Ng, Yan Hao, Indraneel Suhas Zope, Aravind Dasari, and Kang Hai Tan. "Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this regard, the pathway is not established when designing and formulating fire-retardant coatings for structural steel sections or members. This manuscript explores the fundamental relationships across different scales of testing with the help of a fire-protective system based on acrylic resin with a typical combination of intumescent additives, viz. ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and expandable graphite. One of the main outcomes of this work dictates that higher heat release rate values and larger amounts of material participating in the pyrolysis process per unit time will result in a rapid rise in steel substrate temperature. This information is very useful in the design and development of generic fire-retardant coatings.
11
Dârmon, R. "Separating function of timber floor and wall assemblies." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The basic concern on the fire compartmentation is focused on to limit the spread of the fire and smoke outside of the room of the fire origin. Where the fire compartmentation is required, the elements forming the boundaries of the fire compartment should be designed and constructed in such a way that they maintain their separating function during the relevant fire exposure [1]. The general accepted method for assessing the fire resistance of a structural or non-structural member is the full-scale testing of the fire performance, however, several calculation methods for verification of the separation function of timber assemblies can also be used in order to prove compliance with the code regulations [2].
12
Ullah, Sami, Faiz Ahmad, and Anildav Singh. "Development and Testing of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating on Various Structural Geometries." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.360.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Materials are prone to fire and in modern construction their protection from fire is required. In any structure, various joints such as T-joint, I-beam and elbows are used. The geometry of the component has significant role in protection of structure. A weak joint may lead to failure of main structure. In order to meet these challenges, Intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) were developed and tested on various structural geometries such as T-joints, elbows, I-beams and pipe. The control coating formulation (IFC-C) was developed from main ingredients; Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), expandable Graphite (EG), Melamine (Mel), Boric Acid (BA) mixed with bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyamide hardener. Another set of formulations containing various percentage of aluminium Tri-Hydrate (ATH). Fire test results of ATH based formulation showed that I-beam geometry showed the high expansion of 19 mm. T-joint showed the average surface temperature of 55°C after one hour of Bunsen burner test. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of boron oxide, boron phosphate, sassolite and aluminium oxide in IFC-ATH5 residual char. The 5wt% ATH filler in IFC-C enhanced the fire protection performance of intumescent fire retardant coating formulation.
13
O'Connor, D. J., and G. W. H. Silcock. "A strategy for the fire testing of reduced scale structural models." Fire Technology 28, no. 1 (February 1992): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01858051.
Повний текст джерела
14
Bisby, Luke, John Gales, and Cristián Maluk. "A contemporary review of large-scale non-standard structural fire testing." Fire Science Reviews 2, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-0414-2-1.
Повний текст джерела
15
Hiltabrand, Robert R., and Gail S. Roderick. "Fire-Resistant Booms: From Testing to Operations1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT A great deal of concern and effort has gone into testing various fire resistant booms since the 1993 Newfoundland Offshore Burn Experiment (NOBE), when it became apparent that there were potential limitations in the performance of commercially manufactured fire booms. One of the major questions that arose after this experiment was the capability of fire booms to adequately support real in situ burn operations. Towing experiments on selected booms both at sea and in test tanks, coupled with data from burn tests based on proposed ASTM-F20 Standards, have begun to new reveal facts about the performance of these booms. Results of the at-sea towing tests indicate that, in general, booms with higher buoyancy-to-weight ratios attained higher critical tow speeds, sustained higher towing tensions, and maintained better wave conformance. Results of towing tests of booms containing oil at the OHMSETT test tank facility suggest that fire booms should perform successfully when tow speeds of less than 1.0 knot is maintained. Burn tests at the U.S. Coast Guard Fire and Test Detachment revealed that fire booms could be expected to maintain some structural stability and freeboard for at least three 1-hour burns during a deployment.
16
Xing, Zhe, Ou Zhao, Merih Kucukler, and Leroy Gardner. "Testing of stainless steel I-section columns in fire." Engineering Structures 227 (January 2021): 111320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111320.
Повний текст джерела
17
O'Neill, James, Anthony Abu, David Carradine, Peter Moss, and Andrew Buchanan. "Modelling The Fire Performance of Structural Timber-Concrete Composite Floors." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.2.113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes numerical modelling to predict the fire resistance of engineered timber-concrete composite floor systems. The paper describes 3D numerical modelling of the floor systems using finite element software, carried out as a sequential thermo-mechanical analysis. Experimental testing of these floor assemblies has also been undertaken to validate the models, with multiple full scale tests conducted to determine the failure mechanisms and assess fire damage to the system components. The final outcome of this research is the development of simplified design methods for calculating the fire resistance of a wide range of engineered timber floor systems, as part of a larger research project on multi-storey timber buildings.
18
Beckett, Alice, and Robert Ross. "PyroShield - A HVAC fire curtain testing robot." Automation in Construction 81 (September 2017): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.06.009.
Повний текст джерела
19
O'connor, D., B. Moris, and Gordon Silcock. "A Model Fire Test For Parametric Testing Of Half Scale Structural Components." Fire Safety Science 5 (1997): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.5-997.
Повний текст джерела
20
Liu, Yong Jun, Yang Yang Liu, Ran Bi, and Jing Hai Zhou. "Multi-Type Finite Elements Hybrid Model for Simulating Global Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames in Fires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In general, reinforced concrete frames have excellent fire resistance properties, but more and more concrete buildings collapsed in fires. The majority of past research work on the response of concrete building to fire has looked at the effects of fire upon individual structural members, and most commonly when subjected to heating from standard fire tests. At present, the fire behaviors of whole reinforced concrete frame are not adequately understood. There is a great need for development of models which consider the effects of fire on the whole structure under more realistic heating regimes. There is also a fundamental requirement for further large-scale testing of concrete structures, to observe the behavior of whole concrete structures in real fires and also for validation of advanced computer analysis tools. Accuracy and efficiency are two major concerns in finite element analysis of structural response of concrete frames in fires. In this paper, a multi-type finite elements hybrid model for simulating structural behavior of whole reinforced concrete frames in real fire is suggested.
21
Dumont, Fabien, Eric Wellens, Thomas Gernay, and Jean-Marc Franssen. "Loadbearing capacity criteria in fire resistance testing." Materials and Structures 49, no. 11 (January 21, 2016): 4565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0807-7.
Повний текст джерела
22
Peng, Hsien Sheng, How Ji Chen, Chao Wei Tang, and Yu Ping Chen. "Fire Performance and Thermal Insulation of Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Structural lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) members have demonstrated greater fire endurance periods than equivalent thickness members made with normal-weight aggregates. Superior performance is due to a combination of lower thermal conductivity, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and the inherent thermal stability developed by aggregates that have been exposed temperature greater than 1050°C during preprocessing. Furthermore, LWAC exhibits relatively high thermal insulating value, of which the thermal conductivity can be half as much as that of ordinary normal-weight concrete (NWC). Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to implement fire resistance testing for structural and non-structural elements made of LWAC and NWC to assess and compare their fire behavior.
23
Shrih, Ali, Adeeb Rahman, and Mustafa Mahamid. "Behavior of ASTM A325 bolts under simulated fire conditions: experimental investigation." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 8, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-06-2016-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Heavy hex structural bolts have been used in a wide range of steel structures for many years. However, these structures remain susceptible to fire damage. Conducting fire experiments on full-scale steel structures is costly and requires specialized equipment. The main purpose of this research is to test, analyze and predict the behavior of ASTM A325 bolts under tension loading in simulated fire conditions and develop a reliable finite element model that can predict the response of similar bolts without the need for repeated testing. Design/methodology/approach The experimental work was conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where an electric furnace was custom-built to test a bolted specimen in tension under elevated temperatures. A transient-state testing method was adopted to perform a group of tests on 12.7 mm (½”) – diameter A325 bolts. The tests were divided into two groups: the first one was used to calibrate the equipment and choose a final testing arrangement and the second group, consisting of four identical tests, was used to validate a finite element model. Findings The temperature-displacement and load-displacement response was recorded. The tested bolts exhibited a ductile fracture in which a cup-and-cone shaped failure surface was formed in the threaded section at the root of the nut. ASTM A325 bolts are widely used by engineers in building and bridge construction, the results of this research enable engineers to determine the behavior and strength of ASTM A325 bolts when such bolts when exposed to fire event. Research limitations/implications Structural bolts are used to connect structural members, and they are part of structural assembly. To study the behavior of the bolts, the bolts only were investigated in a fire simulated in a furnace. The bolts studied were not part of a structural assembly. Practical implications The results of this study enable engineers to evaluate the condition of ASTM A325 bolts when subjected to fire loading. Originality value Tests were conducted at the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee’s structures laboratory to study the effect of fire on an ASTM A325 bolts. Many tests under fire loading have been performed by researchers on different components of steel structures, this study focuses on studying the behavior of ASTM A325 bolts which are widely used in the USA.
24
Salem, Osama, George Hadjisophocleous, and Ehab Zalok. "Structural Fire Performance of Innovative Moment-Resisting Connection Joining Steel Beams to HSS Columns." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 4 (November 18, 2014): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.4.331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, experimental results of the structural fire behaviour of four large-scale steel frame test assemblies are presented. Test assemblies were made of HSS beams and columns connected together using an innovative extended end-plate moment connection configuration. Two different parameters were investigated, the connection end plate thickness and the degree of beam axial restraint. The fire performance of this beam-to-column configuration was compared to the behaviour of a commonly-used connection configuration with similar parameters and fire testing conditions. The newly-developed connection configuration behaved in a more flexible manner at elevated temperature than the regular configuration. In addition to improved constructability and pleasant appearance, the new connection configuration exhibits greater moment-carrying capacity and enhanced fire resistance characteristics.
25
Sunar Bükülmez, Pınar, and Oguz C. Celik. "Pre and post-fire mechanical properties of structural steel and concrete in steel-concrete composite cellular beams." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an experimental investigation into possible variations of mechanical properties of structural steel and concrete in composite cellular beams exposed to ISO 834 fire and cooled down phases. Four full-scale fire tests were performed on protected and unprotected beams under assumed service loads. Tensile stress-strain behavior of steel coupons taken from the beams and compressive strengths of concrete cores taken from the reinforced concrete slabs are studied. Material coupon tests for steel are carried out as per TS EN ISO 6892-1. As for the concrete, compression tests were conducted. Coupon test results reveal that, after fire testing, a maximum reduction ratio of 65% in ultimate strain is obtained for the unprotected beam samples. This indicates that the reductions in the mechanical properties of steel in the protected beams are much less when compared to those of the unprotected beams. It is also found that the maximum increase in post-fire strength/pre-fire strength ratios for concrete is 11% for the unprotected beam, while a 20 % decrease is recorded for water based protected cellular beam. For the protected specimens, the RC slabs were exposed to higher temperatures, and the compressive strength of concrete after testing was lower than that of the unprotected beam slabs.
26
Daware, Aditya, and M. Z. Naser. "Fire performance of masonry under various testing methods." Construction and Building Materials 289 (June 2021): 123183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123183.
Повний текст джерела
27
Anjang, A., V. S. Chevali, E. Kandare, A. P. Mouritz, and S. Feih. "Tension modelling and testing of sandwich composites in fire." Composite Structures 113 (July 2014): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.03.016.
Повний текст джерела
28
Kauf, Zorica, Walter Damsohn, and Andreas Fangmeier. "How Much Does Fire Behavior of Leaf Litter Beds Change within Two Months?" Fire 2, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2020033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fire behavior is well-recognized as a function of fuel characteristics, but in practice the dynamics of fuels are often overlooked. Here we focus on short term changes in the fuel bed structure and fire behavior. Fire behavior and structural characteristics of leaf litter beds of Pinus halepensis, Ceratonia silique, and Quercus pubescens were examined. Three treatments were applied: testing freshly constructed samples (treatment “0”), exposure to a simulated precipitation event (treatment ”10”), and a two-month exposure to outside weather conditions (treatment “60”). The testing procedure allowed fire behavior testing without disturbing sample structure. Out of the tested species P. halepensis was most affected by the treatments, followed by Q. pubescens. C. silique showed no significant treatment effects. Response to the treatments could be attributed to pore space within the fuel bed, with more pore space relating to more dramatic treatment effects. In the treatment “0” P. halepensis and C. silique exhibited opposing fire behavior, but showed no significant differences in the treatment “60”. The measured effects show that short-term alterations in the fuel bed structure and fire behavior can be substantial, making it an issue that should be addressed in future research.
29
Kumar, Puneet, and Gaurav Srivastava. "Numerical modeling of structural frames with infills subjected to thermal exposure." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-05-2017-0031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeReinforced concrete structural frames with masonry infills (infill-frames) are commonly used for construction worldwide. While the behavior of such frames has been studied extensively in the context of earthquake loading, studies related to their fire performance are limited. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the behavior of infill-frames under fire exposure by presenting a state-of-the-art literature review of the same.Design/methodology/approachBoth experimental and computational studies have been included with a special emphasis on numerical modeling (simplified as well as advanced). The cold behavior of the infill-frame and its design requirements in case of fire exposure are first reviewed to set the context. Subsequently, the applicability of numerical modeling strategies developed for modeling cold infill-frames to simulate their behavior under fire is critically examined.FindingsThe major hurdles in developing generic numerical models for analyzing thermo-mechanical behavior of infill-frames are identified as: lack of temperature-dependent material properties, scarcity of experimental studies for validation and idealizations in coupling between thermal and structural analysis.Originality valueThis study presents one of the most popular research problems connected with practical and reliable utilization of numerical models, as a good alternative to expensive traditional furnace testing, in assessing fire resistance of infill-frames. It highlights major challenges in thermo-mechanical modeling of infill-frames and critically reviews the available approaches for modeling infill-frames subjected to fire.
30
Dashtizadeh, Zahra, Aidy Ali, and Abdan Khalina. "A Review of Non-Destructive Thermography Techniques Toward Structural Integrity of Bio-Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well known those two popular methods of testing; destructive testing based on fracture mechanics and non-destructive testing (NDT) which does not make any damage in the specimen. NDT was first used for military purpose but nowadays it is used widely in many fields such as composite materials, medical purposes, fire safety, laser welding, food safety and quality and characterization of materials. The aim of this paper is to review the recent advancement of thermography non-destructive methods especially in testing a quality of bio-composites materials. The review reveals the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing any of the available methods in NDT on bio composite materials.
31
P N, Ojha, Adarsh Kumar N S, Brijesh Singh, Abhishek Singh, and Vikas Patel. "A case study on deterioration assessment and rehabilitation of fire damaged reinforced concrete structure." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v8i1.1158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fire is one of the most severe hazards that building structures may experience during their lifetime. A fire spread to the whole structure can cause unexpected damages to the structural elements. Mainly, the building type is crucially important for the type and the level of damage to the building because of the fire. Post fire investigation of damaged structure is required to determine the extent of damage to concrete elements and to work out system of effective repair/rehabilitation measures to maintain the structural integrity of fire effected structural components. The paper covers in brief the strength and durability study on fire damaged building in Delhi, India. The study reports the extent of fire damage. Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Deferential Thermal Analysis (DTA) studies were carried out on the sample concrete cores extracted from different identified portions of the fire exposed concrete are highlighted in this paper. Extent of damage occurred in the Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) i.e. RCC columns/beams/slabs are described based on the detailed evaluation by various Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques covering Cover study & Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing. Repair and remedial measures required for restoration and strengthening of the fire affected RCC columns/beams/slabs using indigenously available repair materials and techniques are also highlighted in this paper.
32
Petersen, DR, RE Link, DJ O'Connor, B. Morris, and GWH Silcock. "A Methodology for the Fire Resistance Testing of Structural Components at Reduced Scale." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 25, no. 3 (1997): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11339j.
Повний текст джерела
33
Marx, Hendrig, and Richard Walls. "Thermal behaviour of a novel non-composite cellular beam floor system in fire." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-10-2018-0032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The Southern African Institute of Steel Construction has developed a novel cellular beam structure (CBS) for multi-storey buildings that is entirely devoid of concrete. Channel sections between the cellular beams support a complex sandwich flooring system, which contains a fire-resistant ceiling board, metal sheeting, an interior fibre-cement board and an access-flooring system. As for all structures, the CBS requires a fire rating. This paper aims to investigate the thermal behaviour of the CBS using numerical modelling and experimental fire testing, as it has a unique setup. Design/methodology/approach Experimental fire tests on the flooring system were conducted to validate finite element models, which were developed in ABAQUS. These models were then extended to include floor beams and the structural steelwork. Findings Good correlations were found between the experimental and numerical results, with temperature variations typically in the range of 0-5%, although with localised differences of up to 20%. This allowed larger finite element models, representing the sandwich floor system of the CBS, to be developed and analysed. A 1-hour rating can be obtained by the system in terms of insulation and integrity requirements. Practical implications The CBS allows for more economical steel structures, due to the rapid construction of its modular panels. A suitable fire resistance will ensure the safety of the occupants and prevent major structural damage. Steelwork and flooring temperatures are determined which has allowed for global structural analyses to be carried out. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in thermal analysis and testing of a new cellular beam flooring system, through determining behaviour in fire, along with beam temperatures.
34
Gardner, L., and N. R. Baddoo. "Fire testing and design of stainless steel structures." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 62, no. 6 (June 2006): 532–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.09.009.
Повний текст джерела
35
Ohashi, Hirokazu, Shinya Igarashi, and Tsutomu Nagaoka. "Development of wood structural elements for fire resistant buildings." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-11-2016-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose As forestry contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases by CO2 fixation, in recent years, use of wood in buildings has attracted all over the world more attention. However, construction of large wood structures is almost inexistent within urban areas in Japan. This is due to the Japanese law on fire protection of wood buildings in cities, which is considered very strict with severe requirements. This paper aims to present a research work relative to the development of one-hour fire-resistant wood structural elements for buildings in cities. The developed elements are composed of three layers made of laminated timber. Design/methodology/approach These wood structural elements, made of glued laminated timber with self-charring-stop, have sufficient fire resistance during and after a fire and comply with the strict Japanese standard for wood structural elements, which stipulates that such elements have to withstand the whole dead-load of concerned buildings after fire. To comply with such requirements, new elements of glued laminated timber with self-charring-stop layer were developed, and their performance was confirmed. Several fire-resistant tests conducted on columns, beams, column-beam joints, connections between beams and walls and beams with holes were carried out. Findings All tests proved that the elements have sufficient fire resistance. No damage was found out at the load-bearing part of the elements after testing. As the developed elements have two layers protecting the load-bearing part, the temperature in the load-bearing part could be retained below 260°C (carbonization temperature) and provide the elements with a sufficient fire resistance for 1 h. Practical implications These wood structural elements have already been applied in six projects, where large-size wooden buildings were constructed in urban areas in Japan. Originality/value The proposed structural elements use a novel technique. Every wooden element is composed of three layers made of glued laminated timber. The elements have a typical performance of self-charring-stop after fire without need for water of firefighters. More technologies related to these elements, including column-beam joints and beams with holes and effect of crack, were also developed to design and construct safe wooden buildings.
36
Golovanov, V. I., G. I. Kryuchkov, A. N. Strekalev, A. A. Komissarov, and S. M. Tikhonov. "A study on mechanical properties of modern rolled structural metal at elevated temperatures." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 31, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.02.52-62.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The purpose of this work is to obtain experimental data on the numerical dependence between the strength characteristics of the most widely used grades of rolled structural metal products (including those featuring high heat resistance) and a critical increase in temperature.Materials and methods. As the subject of research we used specimens of rolled metal of the following strength classes: С255 (steel St3sp), С345 (steel 09G2S), С390 (steel 14G2), and rolled metal that had high heat resistance properties S355P (steel 06MBF). Small cylindrical specimens of type B, with M10 thread on heads and the working diameter of 4 mm were used to conduct the static tension and compression tests of mechanical properties. The procedure encompassed the heating of the specimens to the pre-set testing temperature at the rate of not more than 10 °C/min, their 15-minute exposure, and testing for static uniaxial tension/compression.Results and discussion. The results of the experimental research on mechanical properties of different widely used grades of rolled structural steel, including heat resistant rolled metal, subjected to the fire impact, are presented in the article. The data are presented in the form of diagrams used to make a quantitative assessment of the effect of elevated temperature on the strength properties of rolled structural metal under the impact of fire. This information can be contributed to the design and operation of structural metal constructions to develop analytical methods of identifying the fire-resistance limits of constructions made of structural metal.Conclusion. The new data on the fire resistance of metal products allow for a more reasonable building design, higher safety and resistance of buildings and structures to the effect of fire. A wider area of application of the whole range of rolled products featuring higher heat resistance will reduce metal consumption and construction costs, boost competitiveness and attractiveness of steel structures and their application in the construction of buildings and structures of various purposes.
37
Schulthess, Patrick, Martin Neuenschwander, Khalid M. Mosalam, and Markus Knobloch. "A computationally rigorous approach to hybrid fire testing." Computers & Structures 238 (October 2020): 106301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2020.106301.
Повний текст джерела
38
Haffke, Marcin, Matthias Pahn, Catherina Thiele, and Szymon Grzesiak. "Experimental Investigation of Concrete Sandwich Walls with Glass-Fiber-Composite Connectors Exposed to Fire and Mechanical Loading." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083872.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSPs) are known for their good thermal, acoustic and structural properties. Severe environmental demands can be met by PCSPs due to their use of highly thermally insulating materials and non-metallic connectors. One of the main issues limiting the wider use of sandwich walls in construction is their unknown fire resistance. Furthermore, the actual behaviour of connectors and insulation in fire in terms of their mechanical performance and their impact on fire spread and the fire resistance of walls is not fully understood. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the structural and thermal behaviour of PCSPs with mineral-wool insulation and glass-fiber-reinforced polymeric bar connectors coupling two concrete wythes. Three full-size walls were tested following the REI certification test procedure for fire walls under fire and vertical eccentric and post-fire mechanical impact load. The three test configurations were adopted for the assessment of the connectors’ fire behaviour and its impact on the general fire resistance of the walls. All the specimens met the REI 120-M criteria. The connectors did not contribute to the fire’s spread and the integrity of the walls was maintained throughout the testing time. This was also confirmed in the most unfavourable test configuration, in which some of the connectors in the inner area of the wall were significantly damaged, and yet the structural connection of the concrete wythes was maintained. The walls experienced heavy heat-induced thermal bowing. The significant contribution of connectors to the stiffness of the wall during fire was observed and discussed.
39
Shrih, Ali, Adeeb Rahman, and Mustafa Mahamid. "Finite element analysis of tension-loaded ASTM A325 bolts under simulated fire loading." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-06-2016-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Nuts and bolts have been used as fasteners of steel structures for many years. However, these structures remain susceptible to fire damage. While conducting fire experiments on steel structures is sometimes necessary, to better understand their behavior, such experiments remain costly and require specialized equipment and testing facilities. This paper aims to present a highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of ASTM A325 bolt subjected to tension loading under simulated fire conditions. The FE model is compared to the results of experimental testing for verification purposes and is proven to predict the response of similar bolts up to certain temperatures without the need for repeated testing. Design/methodology/approach A parametric 3D FE model simulating tested specimens was constructed in the ANSYS Workbench environment. The model included the intricate details of the bolt and nut threads, as well as all the other components of the specimens. A pretension load, a tension force and a heat profile were applied to the model, and a nonlinear analysis was performed to simulate the experiments. Findings The results of the FE model were in good agreement with the experimental results, deviations of results between experimental and FE results were within acceptable range. This should allow studying the behavior of structural bolts without the need for expensive testing. Originality/value Detailed 3D FE models have been created by the authors have been created to study the behavior of structural bolts and compared with experiments conducted by the authors.
40
Sharma, Umesh, Virendra Kumar, Praveen Kamath, Bhupinder Singh, Pradeep Bhargava, Yogendra Singh, Asif Usmani, Jose Torero, Martin Gillie, and Pankaj Pankaj. "Testing of Full-scale RC Frame under Simulated Fire Following Earthquake." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.3.215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In present study, a full-scale testing of reinforced concrete (RC) frame sub-assemblage has been investigated under fire subsequent to simulated seismic loading. First part of the sequential loading consisted of a quasi-static cyclic lateral loading corresponds to life safety level of structural performance on the test frame. In the second part of the test, a compartment fire was ignited to the pre-damaged test frame for one hour duration simulating fire following earthquake (FFE) scenario. The results showed that the first cracking was observed at the end joints of the roof beams after the frame experienced a 30 mm cyclic lateral displacement. One hour heating and eleven hour cooling was tracked and temperatures were recorded. A knocking sound was heard from the fire compartment after 5 minutes of the fire ignition. An excessive degradation of the concrete material at a number of locations of the frame sub-assemblage was observed during visual inspection after the fire test. The Nondestructive tests (NDT) were also conducted to ascertain the damage in the RC frame at the various stages of loading. The test results developed an understanding of the behaviour of RC frame sub-assemblage in FFE.
41
Tomiak, Florian, та Dietmar Drummer. "The Impact of β-Radiation Crosslinking on Flammability Properties of PA6 Modified by Commercially Available Flame-Retardant Additives". Polymers 14, № 15 (3 серпня 2022): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comparative study was conducted investigating the influence of β-radiation crosslinking (β-RC) on the fire behavior of flame retardant-modified polyamide 6 (PA6). In order to provide a comprehensive overview, a variety of commercially available flame-retardant additives were investigated, exhibiting different flame retarding actions such as delusion, char formation, intumescence and flame poisoning. This study focused on the identification of differences in the influence of β-RC on fire behavior. Coupled thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to conduct changes within the decomposition processes. Dynamic thermal analysis (DTA) was used to identify structural stability limits and fire testing was conducted using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 and cone calorimeter testing. Crosslinking was found to substantially change the fire behavior observed, whereas the observed phenomena were exclusively physical for the given formulations studied: warpage, char residue destruction and anti-dripping. Despite these phenomena being observed for all β-RC formulations, the impact on fire resistivity properties were found to be very different. However, the overall fire protection properties measured in UL-94 fire tests were found to deteriorate for β-RC formulations. Only β-RC formulations based on PA6/EG were found to achieve a UL-94 V0 classification.
42
Song, Yamin, Chuanguo Fu, Shuting Liang, Jichen Shi, and Longji Dang. "Shear capacity of indirectly loaded reinforced concrete beams under and after fire exposure." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13 (June 6, 2020): 2942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220927262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To investigate the shear capacity of indirectly loaded reinforced concrete beams under and after fire exposure, load tests were conducted on eight full-scale specimens exposed to fire testing in a furnace chamber, and the effects of additional transverse reinforcement in the junction region between the primary and secondary beams on the shear capacity, fire resistance, failure modes and deflection were analysed. The results indicate that the slopes of the diagonal cracks in post-fire tested reinforced concrete beams without additional transverse reinforcement were shallower than those of a similar reference beam not exposed to fire, and that the ultimate capacities of reinforced concrete beams with additional transverse reinforcement decreased obviously after fire exposure. However, beams with additional transverse reinforcement exhibited increased fire resistance times and reduced strains in their reinforcement, indicating the benefit of conservatively providing such reinforcement. The findings of this study are expected to provide a reference for the improved fire-resistant design of indirectly loaded beams.
43
Xing, Zhe, Ou Zhao, Merih Kucukler, and Leroy Gardner. "Fire testing of austenitic stainless steel I-section beam–columns." Thin-Walled Structures 164 (July 2021): 107916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107916.
Повний текст джерела
44
Shallal, Muhaned A., and Aqil Mousa K. Al Musawi. "Tests of Residual Shear Transfer Strength of Concrete Exposed to Fire." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractReinforced concrete is one of the most widely used structural components about which much scientific research has been conducted; however, some of its characteristics still require further research. The main focus of this study is the effect of direct fire on the shear transfer strength of concrete. It was investigated under several parameters including concrete strength, number of stirrup legs (the steel area across the shear plane), and fire duration. The experimental program involved the testing of two sets (groups) of specimens (12 specimens each) with different concrete strengths. Each set contained specimens of two or four stirrup legs exposed to direct fire from one side (the fire was in an open area to simulate a real-life event) for a duration of one, two, and three hours. The results of the comparison showed the importance of using high-performance concrete (instead of increasing the number of stirrup legs) to resist shear stress for the purpose of safety. A significant reduction in shear strength occurred due to the deterioration of the concrete cover after three hours of direct fire exposure.
45
Fanfarová, Adelaida, and Ladislav Mariš. "The Reaction to Fire Test for Fire Retardant and for Combustible Material." TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsbses-2016-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Currently the natural materials become popular building material for houses, buildings and recreational property. The risk of fires in residential timber construction or eco houses cannot be completely ruled out, therefore there is a need for proper and correct implementing preventive measures and application of all available solutions, which may reduce the risk of fire as far as possible, to slow down the combustion process, to protect the life of people, animals and also the building itself until arrival members of the Fire and Rescue Services. Fireproofing of combustible materials is a specific area of fire protection. For scientific research as well as for real-life practice, not only their structural and physical properties, but also fire-technical characteristics are really important. The present researchers mostly focus on fire-retardant treatment of wood that is why the authors of this contribution focused on a different combustible material. This research article presents the experimental testing and examination of the reaction to fire test of the selected thermal insulation of hemp fiber that was impregnated by the selected fire retardant in laboratory conditions.
46
Heo, Dongpil, and Sehong Min. "A Study on the Structural Analysis for Sloshing Prevention through Binding between FRP Firefighting Water Tank Members." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.2.91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The seismic safety of a fire extinguishing water tank must be verified because of the revision of the seismic design standard of fire protection systems. Although, the FRP water tank has weak physical properties, it is often used as a fire extinguishing water tank, confronting the reality that there is no way of checking its structural safety. This study focuses on a reliable structural analysis by extracting and accumulating data on the physical and chemical characteristics of FRP through the National Certification Testing Agency to ensure the structural safety of an FRP water tank. It has been found that sloshing causes the breakage of a water tank and the fluid movement in the lower part of a water tank can be reduced not by using the external reinforcement method but by improving the internal structure through binding of the water tank members. This method can be employed for reinforcing the seismic safety of an FRP water tank with weak physical properties. Accordingly, a water tank with a structure that prevents sloshing caused by an earthquake has been developed. The improvement in the seismic safety of the developed fire extinguishing water tank has been verified through a Solidworks simulation analysis. Therefore, the proposed strategy for the improvement of the seismic safety of a fire extinguishing water tank can be employed as the basic study material for using an FRP water tank with weak physical properties as the seismic fire extinguishing water tank.
47
Budi Wijaya, Gunawan. "Comprehensive condition assessment program on the fire damaged structure - a project case in Singapore." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fire damaged structure at the eastern part of Singapore was assessed. Some concrete spalling exposing corroded steel reinforcements were noted on the post tensioned concrete beam and reinforced concrete slab, raising a concern about the structural integrity of the overall floor. A comprehensive condition assessment was performed on the affected structural elements to determine the extent of the damage, which included some on-site destructive and non-destructive tests as well as some laboratory testing on the collected concrete and steel samples. Testing data revealed that the concrete was still in consistently good condition with the average residual compressive strength of 36.51MPa. Petrographic examinations suggested that the top 5mm of the concrete surface might be exposed to a temperature not more than 450o C. The steel reinforcement and post tension strands were found to be still in good condition as well. The findings of this assessment will then be used for further structural assessment to determine the most effective structural rehabilitation program.
48
Kuprin, D. S., and A. S. Polyakov. "The accuracy and reliability of comparative efficiency assessment of portable fire extinguishers used in the process of fire extinguishing of structural components of motor vehicles and automotive finishing." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2021.30.02.88-97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The relevance of this work resides in the need to perform an unbiased comparative assessment of fire extinguishers. The focus must be placed on the efficiency of a fire-fighting agent, as it has a major impact on the process of fire extinguishing. The purpose of this work is to confirm the applicability of a dimensionless efficiency indicator of portable fire extinguishers, assess the measurement accuracy (correctness and precision) and their statistical values.Materials and methods. The co-authors used the methodology specified in GOST R 51057–2001 applicable to the fire extinguishing of class A model fire seats. The model fire seat had samples of materials attached to its upper edge at the angles whose values were obtained using a specialized test bed. A specialized test bed was used to perform the testing and identify the sample’s inclination angles that prevented the fire extinguishing agent, applied to their surface, from streaming down or crumbling. The accuracy (correctness and precision) was assessed pursuant to the methodologies specified in GOST R ISO 5725-1–2002, GOST R ISO 5725-6–2002. The statistical significance of measurements was assessed using Student’s t-test.Results and discussion. The co-authors offer the results of the experiments aimed at the identification of an inclination angle of the fire seat surface that prevents the fire extinguishing agent from streaming down or crumbling. The results of comparative fire testing of fire extinguishers that contain quick setting foam and powder are provided. The formula of a dimensionless efficiency indicator, applicable to portable fire extinguishers, is provided, and its applicability is proven.Conclusions. The measurement accuracy assessment, performed pursuant to the methodologies, specified in the regulations, has shown the effectiveness of mean arithmetic values of all indicators applied to calculate Peo efficiency indicator. The assessment of the statistical significance of experimentally obtained values of all indicators, performed with the help of Student’s t-test, has demonstrated that the discrepancy of their mean arithmetic values is reliable and it doesn’t have a random nature. The superiority of the quick setting foam extinguisher over the powder one was proven in an experiment. The value of its Peo efficiency indicator exceeds the one of a powder extinguisher 50-fold due to the comprehensive impact made by the extinguishing agent and the construction of a fire extinguisher.
49
Kererekes, Zsuzsanna, Éva Lublóy, Barbara Elek, and Ágoston Restás. "Standard fire testing of chimney linings from composite materials." Journal of Building Engineering 19 (September 2018): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.05.030.
Повний текст джерела
50
Zhou, Yunlong, Zhinian Yang, Zhiguo You, Xingguo Wang, Kaijiang Chen, Boyu Guo, and Kai Wu. "Experimental Study on Fire Resistance of Concrete Beams Made with Iron Tailings Sand." Buildings 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111816.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to measure the effect of iron tailings sand replacing natural sand on the fire resistance of concrete beams, five full-scale iron tailings sand concrete (ITSC) beams and two natural sand concrete (NSC) beams were conducted to fire testing under dead load and rising temperature conditions. The section temperature field, mid-span displacement, failure form, and fire resistance limit of ITSC beams under fire were analyzed. The main influence factors included different ISTC strengths (C30 and C40) and constraints. The analysis results were compared with those of NSC beams. The results show that the complete replacement of natural sand with iron tailings sand had little influence on the temperature field of concrete and reinforcement in simply supported beams and continuous beams under fire. The fire endurance of the ITSC simply supported beams was similar to that of NSC simply supported beams. When exposed to fire, the higher the strength of the ITSC, the better the fire resistance of the beam. The fire endurance of continuous beams was higher than that of simply supported beams. On the basis of the analysis of the fire resistance performance, it was found that iron tailings sand can replace natural sand to formulate concrete beams.