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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

KIM, HANG BAE. "INFLATION IN STRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 01 (January 2011): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194511000080.

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Анотація:

Recent developments in string theory such as flux compactifications and moduli stabilization by non-perturbative effects of D-branes provided a solid framework where we discuss the realization of inflation in string theories. We review two prototype models, modular inflation and brane inflation, and discuss their observational consequences and outlook.

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2

de Boer, Jan, and Masaki Shigemori. "Exotic branes in string theory." Physics Reports 532, no. 3 (November 2013): 65–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2013.07.003.

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3

ANSOLDI, STEFANO, EDUARDO I. GUENDELMAN, and EURO SPALLUCCI. "THE ROLE OF A DYNAMICAL MEASURE AND DYNAMICAL TENSION IN BRANE CREATION AND GROWTH." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 27 (September 7, 2006): 2055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306021463.

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Анотація:

The use of a non-Riemannian measure of integration in the action of strings and branes allows the possibility of dynamical tension. In particular, lower dimensional objects living in the string/brane can induce discontinuities in the tension: the effect of pair creation on the string tension is studied. We then investigate the role that these new features can play in string and brane creation and growth. A mechanism is studied by means of which a scalar field can transfer its energy to the tension of strings and branes. An infinite-dimensional symmetry group of this theory is discussed. Creation and growth of bubbles in a formulation that requires mass generation for the bulk gauge fields coupled to the branes is also discussed.

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4

POLYAKOV, A. M. "STRING THEORY AS A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 28 (November 10, 2001): 4511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01005729.

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Анотація:

This article, based on the Klein lecture, contains some new results and new speculations on various topics. They include discussion of open strings in the AdS space, unusual features of D-branes, conformal gauge theories in higher dimensions. We also comment on the infrared screening of the cosmological constant and on the ''brane worlds.''

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5

ELITZUR, SHMUEL, AMIT GIVEON, DAVID KUTASOV, ELIEZER RABINOVICI, and GOR SARKISSISAN. "D-BRANES IN THE BACKGROUND OF NS FIVEBRANES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 05 (February 20, 2001): 880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01003962.

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Анотація:

We study the dynamics of D-branes in the near-horizon geometry of NS fivebranes. This leads to a holographically dual description of the physics of D-branes ending on and/or intersecting NS5-branes. We use it to verify some properties of such D-branes which were deduced indirectly in the past, and discuss some instabilities of non-supersymmetric brane configurations. Our construction also describes vacua of Little String Theory which are dual to open plus closed string theory in asymptotically linear dilaton spacetimes.

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6

Ellis, John, N. E. Mavromatos, and D. V. Nanopoulos. "D Branes from Liouville Strings." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 15 (June 20, 1997): 2639–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97001481.

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Анотація:

We develop quantization aspects of our Liouville approach to noncritical strings, proposing a path-integral formulation of a second quantization of string theory, that incorporates naturally the couplings of string sources to background fields. Such couplings are characteristic of macroscopic string solutions and/or D-brane theories. Resummation over world-sheet genera in the presence of stringy (σ-model) soliton backgrounds, and recoil effects associated with logarithmic operators on the world sheet, play a crucial role in inducing such sources as well-defined renormalization-group counterterms. Using our Liouville renormalization group approach, we derive the appropriate second-order equation of motion for the D brane. We discuss within this approach the appearance of open strings, whose ends carry nontrivial Chan–Paton-like quantum numbers related to the W∞ charges of two-dimensional string black holes.

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7

LÜST, DIETER. "ORIENTIFOLD STRING VACUA AND STRINGS AT THE LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 27n28 (November 10, 2011): 4687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11054735.

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Анотація:

We consider extensions of the Standard Model based on open strings ending on D-branes, with gauge bosons due to strings attached to stacks of D-branes and chiral matter due to strings stretching between intersecting D-branes. Assuming that the fundamental string mass scale is in the TeV range and the theory is weakly coupled, we discuss possible signals of string physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

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8

Israël, Dan, Ari Pakman, and Jan Troost. "D-branes in little string theory." Nuclear Physics B 722, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 3–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.05.027.

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9

AHN, CHANGHYUN. "META-STABLE BRANE CONFIGURATIONS BY QUARTIC SUPERPOTENTIAL FOR BIFUNDAMENTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 30 (December 10, 2009): 5697–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09044711.

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Анотація:

The type IIA nonsupersymmetric meta-stable brane configuration consisting of three NS5-branes, D4-branes and anti-D4-branes where the electric gauge theory superpotential has a quartic term for the bifundamentals besides a mass term is constructed. By adding the orientifold 4-plane and 6-plane to this brane configuration, we also describe the intersecting brane configurations of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of corresponding gauge theories.

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10

HALYO, EDI. "AN EXPONENTIALLY SMALL μ-TERM IN STRING THEORY". Modern Physics Letters A 26, № 04 (10 лютого 2011): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311034803.

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Анотація:

We describe a mechanism that produces an exponentially small μ-term on the world-volumes of D5 branes wrapping a deformed and fibered A3 singularity. The small μ arises due to brane instanton effects which can be calculated after a geometric transition at one of the nodes of the singularity.

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11

Roy, Shibaji. "Dimensional reductions of M-theory S-branes to string theory S-branes." Physics Letters B 576, no. 1-2 (December 2003): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.075.

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12

SEN, ASHOKE. "TACHYON DYNAMICS IN OPEN STRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 24 (September 30, 2005): 5513–656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502519x.

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Анотація:

In this review we describe our current understanding of the properties of open string tachyons on an unstable D-brane or brane–antibrane system in string theory. The various string theoretic methods used for this study include techniques of two-dimensional conformal field theory, open string field theory, boundary string field theory, noncommutative solitons, etc. We also describe various attempts to understand these results using field theoretic methods. These field theory models include toy models like singular potential models and p-adic string theory, as well as more realistic version of the tachyon effective action based on Dirac–Born–Infeld type action. Finally we study closed string background produced by the "decaying" unstable D-branes, both in the critical string theory and in the two-dimensional string theory, and describe the open string completeness conjecture that emerges out of this study. According to this conjecture the quantum dynamics of an unstable D-brane system is described by an internally consistent quantum open string field theory without any need to couple the system to closed strings. Each such system can be regarded as a part of the "hologram" describing the full string theory.

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13

Ishibashi, Nobuyuki. "p-Branes from (p − 2)-branes in bosonic string theory." Nuclear Physics B 539, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(98)00718-4.

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14

LÜ, H., S. MUKHERJI, and C. N. POPE. "FROM p-BRANES TO COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 26 (October 20, 1999): 4121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99001925.

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Анотація:

We study the relationship between static p-brane solitons and cosmological solutions of string theory or M theory. We discuss two different ways in which extremal p-branes can be generalized to nonextremal ones, and show how wide classes of recently discussed cosmological models can be mapped into nonextremal p-brane solutions of one of these two kinds. We also extend previous discussions of cosmological solutions to include some that make use of cosmological-type terms in the effective action that can arise from the generalized dimensional reduction of string theory or M theory.

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15

SEN, ASHOKE. "OPEN-CLOSED DUALITY: LESSONS FROM MATRIX MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 11 (April 10, 2004): 841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304013581.

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Анотація:

Recent investigations involving the decay of unstable D-branes in string theory suggest that the tree level open string theory which describes the dynamics of the D-brane already knows about the closed string states produced in the decay of the brane. We propose a specific conjecture involving quantum open string field theory to explain this classical result, and show that the recent results in two-dimensional string theory are in exact accordance with this conjecture.

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16

ANCHORDOQUI, LUIS A., HAIM GOLDBERG, DIETER LÜST, STEPHAN STIEBERGER, and TOMASZ R. TAYLOR. "STRING PHENOMENOLOGY AT THE LHC." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 31 (October 10, 2009): 2481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230903196x.

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Анотація:

We consider extensions of the standard model based on open strings ending on D-branes, with gauge bosons due to strings attached to stacks of D-branes and chiral matter due to strings stretching between intersecting D-branes. Assuming that the fundamental string mass scale is in the TeV range and the theory is weakly coupled, we review possible signals of string physics at the Large Hadron Collider.

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17

ISHIBASHI, NOBUYUKI, YUTAKA BABA, and KOICHI MURAKAMI. "D-BRANES AND CLOSED STRING FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 14n15 (June 20, 2008): 2220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0804086x.

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Анотація:

We construct solitonic states in the OSp invariant string field theory, which are BRST invariant in the leading order of regularization parameter. One can show that these solitonic states describe D-branes and ghost D-branes, by calculating the scattering amplitudes.

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18

Zeze, Syoji. "Classical Solution for Ghost D-Branes in String Field Theory." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8313109.

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Анотація:

Ghost D-branes have been proposed as objects that cancel the effects of D-branes. We construct a classical solution which represents an arbitrary number of D-branes and ghost D-branes in the context of open string field theory. Cancellation of BRST cohomology between D-branes and ghost D-branes is shown.

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19

SHIGEMORI, MASAKI. "EXOTIC BRANES AND BLACK HOLE MICROSTATES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 21 (January 2013): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513009422.

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Анотація:

Besides ordinary branes such as D-branes, string theory is known to contain exotic branes which are related to ordinary branes by U-duality. Exotic branes are codimension-two objects and have non-trivial U-duality monodromies around them. This means that they are intrinsically non-geometric. Even if one starts with a system only with ordinary branes, exotic branes can be spontaneously generated by the supertube effect. We argue that, if one puts together more than two mutually supersymmetric branes, then, by a multi-stage supertube effect, the system will polarize into an exotic brane extending along an arbitrary surface, dubbed as the superstratum. We conjecture that, black holes in string theory, which are constructed by combining multiple ordinary branes, necessarily include exotic superstrata as their microscopic ingredients. We review the argument for the existence of superstrata and the recent progress toward constructing examples of superstrata in the framework of supergravity in six dimensions.

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20

DIJKGRAAF, ROBBERT, RAJESH GOPAKUMAR, HIROSI OOGURI, and CUMRUN VAFA. "BABY UNIVERSES AND STRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 15, no. 10 (October 2006): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271806008978.

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Анотація:

The description of 4D BPS black holes in terms of branes wrapped on various cycles in a Calabi–Yau space gives us the opportunity to study various issues in quantum gravity in a definite way by means of the worldvolume theory of the branes. In the particular example discussed here, there is a simple worldvolume description in terms of 2D Yang–Mills theory. The latter is an exactly solvable system of free fermions in one dimension. The exact answer for the free energy of this system can be written in a way that suggests an interpretation in terms of contributions from multiple (baby) universes.

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21

ASSELMEYER-MALUGA, TORSTEN, та JERZY KRÓL. "TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM D-BRANES AND WILD EMBEDDINGS FROM EXOTIC SMOOTH ℝ4". International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, № 20 (10 серпня 2011): 3421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11053857.

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This is the next step of uncovering the relation between string theory and exotic smooth ℝ4. Exotic smoothness of ℝ4 is correlated with D6-brane charges in IIA string theory. We construct wild embeddings of spheres and relate them to a class of topological quantum D p-branes as well to KK theory. These branes emerge when there are nontrivial NS–NS H-fluxes on S3 where the topological classes are determined by wild embeddings S2→S3. Then wild embeddings of higher dimensional p-complexes into Sn correspond to D p-branes. These wild embeddings as constructed by using gropes are basic objects to understand exotic smoothness as well Casson handles. Next we build C⋆-algebras corresponding to the embeddings. Finally we consider topological quantum D-branes as those which emerge from wild embeddings in question. We construct an action for these quantum D-branes and show that the classical limit agrees with the Born–Infeld action such that flat branes = usual embeddings.

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22

Diamantini, M. C. "Compact Gauge Theories of Open p-Branes." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 06 (March 10, 1997): 1237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97000967.

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Анотація:

We study phase transitions induced by topological defects in compact Abelian gauge theories of openp-branes in (d+1) space-time dimensions. Starting from a massive antisymmetric tensor theory for the open p-branes we show how the condensation of topological defects can lead to a decoupled phase with a massless tensor coupled to closed (p - 1)-branes and a massive tensor coupled to open (p + 1)-branes. We also consider the case, relevant in string theory, in which the boundaries of the p-branes are constrained to live on a Dirichlet n-brane.

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23

ASSELMEYER-MALUGA, TORSTEN, та JERZY KRÓL. "EXOTIC SMOOTH ℝ4 AND CERTAIN CONFIGURATIONS OF NS AND D BRANES IN STRING THEORY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, № 07n08 (30 березня 2011): 1375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11052827.

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Анотація:

In this paper, we show that in some important cases, four-dimensional data can be extracted from superstring theory such that (i) the data are Euclidean four-geometries embedded in standard ℝ4, (ii) these data depend on NS and D brane charges of some string backgrounds, (iii) it is of potential relevance to four-dimensional physics, (iv) the compactification and stabilization techniques are not in use, but are rather replaced. We analyze certain configurations of NS and D-branes in the context of SU(2) WZW model and find the correlations with different exotic smoothings of ℝ4. First, the dynamics of D-branes in SU(2) WZW model at finite k, i.e. the charges of the branes, refers to the exoticness of ambient ℝ4. Next, the correspondence between exotic smoothness on four-space, transversal to the world volume of NS5 branes in type IIA, and the number of these NS5 branes follows. Finally, the translation of ten-dimensional string backgrounds to Euclidean four-spaces embedded as open subsets in the standard ℝ4 is achieved.

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24

Baba, Yutaka, Nobuyuki Ishibashi, and Koichi Murakami. "D-branes and closed string field theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 2006, no. 05 (May 9, 2006): 029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/05/029.

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25

Sen, Ashoke. "Non-BPS D-branes in string theory." Classical and Quantum Gravity 17, no. 5 (February 22, 2000): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/17/5/334.

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26

Billó, Marco, Ben Craps, and Frederik Roose. "D-branes in type 0 string theory." Physics Letters B 457, no. 1-3 (June 1999): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00508-0.

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27

Dudas, E., and J. Mourad. "D-branes in string theory Melvin backgrounds." Nuclear Physics B 622, no. 1-2 (February 2002): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(01)00588-0.

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28

Chaichian, Masud, and Dimitri Polyakov. "Noncommutativity in string theory and D-branes." Physics Letters B 535, no. 1-4 (May 2002): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(02)01717-3.

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29

Freed, Daniel S., and Edward Witten. "Anomalies in string theory with $D$-branes." Asian Journal of Mathematics 3, no. 4 (1999): 819–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/ajm.1999.v3.n4.a6.

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30

Frau, M., L. Gallot, A. Lerda, and P. Strigazzi. "D-Branes in Type I String Theory." Fortschritte der Physik 49, no. 4-6 (May 2001): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3978(200105)49:4/6<503::aid-prop503>3.0.co;2-1.

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31

Frau, M., L. Gallot, A. Lerda, and P. Strigazzi. "D-Branes in Type I String Theory." Fortschritte der Physik 49, no. 4-6 (May 2001): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3978(200105)49:4/6<503::aid-prop503>3.3.co;2-t.

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32

MATSUO, YUTAKA. "PROJECTION OPERATORS AND D-BRANES IN PURELY CUBIC OPEN STRING FIELD THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 28 (September 14, 2001): 1811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301005059.

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Анотація:

We study a matrix version of the purely cubic open string field theory as describing the expansion around the closed string vacuum. Any D-branes in the given closed string background can appear as classical solutions by using the identity projectors. Expansion around this solution gives the correct kinetic term for the open strings on the created D-branes while there are some subtleties in the unwanted degree of freedom.

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33

AHN, CHANGHYUN. "META-STABLE BRANE CONFIGURATIONS BY HIGHER-ORDER POLYNOMIAL SUPERPOTENTIAL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2009): 5495–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0904470x.

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Анотація:

We construct the type IIA nonsupersymmetric meta-stable brane configuration consisting of (2k+1) NS5-branes and D4-branes where the electric gauge theory superpotential has an order (2k+2) polynomial for the bifundamentals. We find a rich pattern of nonsupersymmetric meta-stable states as well as the supersymmetric stable ones. By adding the orientifold 4-plane to this brane configuration, we also describe the intersecting brane configuration of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of corresponding gauge theory.

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34

KETOV, SERGEI V. "THE OSp(32|1) VERSUS OSp(8|2) SUPERSYMMETRIC M-BRANE ACTION FROM SELF-DUAL (2, 2) STRINGS." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 29 (September 21, 1996): 2369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396002368.

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Анотація:

Taking the (2, 2) strings as a starting point, we discuss the equivalent integrable field theories and analyze their symmetry structure in 2+2 dimensions from the viewpoint of string/membrane unification. Requiring the “Lorentz” invariance and supersymmetry in the (2, 2) string target space leads to an extension of the (2, 2) string theory to a theory of (2+2)-dimensional supermembranes (M-branes) propagating in a higher-dimensional target space. The origin of the hidden target space dimensions of the M-brane is related to the maximally extended supersymmetry implied by the “Lorentz” covariance and dimensional reasons. The Kähler-Chern-Simons-type action describing the self-dual gravity in 2+2 dimensions is proposed. Its maximal supersymmetric extension (of the Green-Schwarz-type) naturally leads to the 2+10 (or higher) dimensions for the M-brane target space. The proposed OSp (32|1) supersymmetric action gives the pre-geometrical description of M-branes, which may be useful for a fundamental formulation of F&M theory.

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35

LIZZI, FEDELE, NICK E. MAVROMATOS та RICHARD J. SZABO. "MATRIX σ-MODELS FOR MULTI D-BRANE DYNAMICS". Modern Physics Letters A 13, № 11 (10 квітня 1998): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398000905.

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Анотація:

We describe a dynamical worldsheet origin for the Lagrangian describing the low-energy dynamics of a system of parallel D-branes. We show how matrix-valued collective coordinate fields for the D-branes naturally arise as couplings of a worldsheet σ-model, and that the quantum dynamics require that these couplings be mutually noncommutative. We show that the low-energy effective action for the σ-model couplings describes the propagation of an open string in the background of the multiple D-brane configuration, in which all string interactions between the constituent branes are integrated out and the genus expansion is taken into account, with a matrix-valued coupling. The effective field theory is governed by the non-Abelian Born–Infeld target space action which leads to the standard one for D-brane field theory.

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36

REIS, RUI M. G., RICHARD J. SZABO, and ALESSANDRO VALENTINO. "KO-HOMOLOGY AND TYPE I STRING THEORY." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 21, no. 09 (October 2009): 1091–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x09003839.

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Анотація:

We study the classification of D-branes and Ramond–Ramond fields in Type I string theory by developing a geometric description of KO-homology. We define an analytic version of KO-homology using KK-theory of real C*-algebras, and construct explicitly the isomorphism between geometric and analytic KO-homology. The construction involves recasting the C ℓn-index theorem and a certain geometric invariant into a homological framework which is used, along with a definition of the real Chern character in KO-homology, to derive cohomological index formulas. We show that this invariant also naturally assigns torsion charges to non-BPS states in Type I string theory, in the construction of classes of D-branes in terms of topological KO-cycles. The formalism naturally captures the coupling of Ramond–Ramond fields to background D-branes which cancel global anomalies in the string theory path integral. We show that this is related to a physical interpretation of bivariant KK-theory in terms of decay processes on spacetime-filling branes. We also provide a construction of the holonomies of Ramond–Ramond fields in Type II string theory in terms of topological K-chains.

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37

Gutperle, Michael. "S-brane Solutions in String Theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 15 (June 20, 2005): 3434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502673x.

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38

KLEBANOV, IGOR R. "QCD AND STRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2006): 1831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032794.

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Анотація:

This talk begins with some history and basic facts about string theory and its connections with strong interactions. Comparisons of stacks of Dirichlet branes with curved backgrounds produced by them are used to motivate the AdS/CFT correspondence between superconformal gauge theory and string theory on a product of Anti-de Sitter space and a compact manifold. The ensuing duality between semi-classical spinning strings and long gauge theory operators is briefly reviewed. Strongly coupled thermal SYM theory is explored via a black hole in 5-dimensional AdS space, which leads to explicit results for its entropy and shear viscosity. A conjectured universal lower bound on the viscosity to entropy density ratio, and its possible relation to recent results from RHIC, are discussed. Finally, some available results on string duals of confining gauge theories are briefly reviewed.

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39

Kitazawa, Noriaki. "Toward the stabilization of extra dimensions by brane dynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 11 (April 16, 2015): 1550055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500554.

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All the models of elementary particles and their interactions derived from String Theory involve a compact six-dimensional internal space. Its volume and shape should be fixed or stabilized, since otherwise massless scalar fields (moduli) reflecting their deformations appear in our four-dimensional space–time, with sizable effects on known particles and fields. We propose a strategy toward stabilizing the compact space without fluxes of three-form fields from closed strings. Our main motivation and goal is to proceed insofar as possible within conventional string worldsheet theory. As we shall see, D-branes with magnetic flux ("magnetized D-branes") and the forces between them can be used to this end. We investigate here some necessary ingredients: open string one-loop vacuum amplitudes between magnetized D-branes, magnetized D-branes fixed at orbifold singularities, and potential energies among such D-branes in the compact space that result from tree-level closed string exchanges.

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40

BANERJEE, SHAMIK, and ASHOKE SEN. "INTERPRETING THE M2-BRANE ACTION." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 10 (March 28, 2009): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309030461.

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The world-volume theory of multiple M2-branes proposed recently has a free scalar field. For large vev of this scalar field the world-volume action reduces to that of multiple D2-branes with Yang–Mills coupling proportional to the vev. We suggest that the correct interpretation of this scalar field is as the radial position of the M2-brane center of mass in a cylindrical polar coordinate system. Regarding the azimuthal angle as compact we can regard this as a set of coincident D2-branes in type IIA string theory with varying dilaton and metric. We find that the effective world-volume theory on the D2-branes has Yang–Mills coupling proportional to the radial coordinate; furthermore the radial coordinate satisfies free field equations of motion. This agrees with the corresponding results derived from the M2-brane world-volume theory.

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41

Bhowmick, Samrat. "Implication of U-duality for black branes in string/M-theory." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 01 (January 3, 2016): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316500012.

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U-duality symmetry of M-theory and S- and T-duality of string theory can be used to study various black brane solutions. We explore some aspect of this idea here. This symmetry can be used to get relations among various components of the metric of the black brane. These relations in turn give relations among various components of the energy–momentum tensor. We show that, using these relations, without knowing the explicit form of form fields, we can get the black brane solutions. These features were studied previously in the context of M-theory. Here, we extensively studied them in string theory (type II supergravity). We also show that this formulation works for exotic branes. We give an example of a time-dependent system where this method is essential.

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42

Arvanitakis, Alex S., Emanuel Malek, and David Tennyson. "Romans Massive QP Manifolds." Universe 8, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8030147.

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We introduce QP manifolds that capture the generalised geometry of type IIA string backgrounds with Ramond–Ramond fluxes and Romans mass. Each of these is associated with a BPS brane in type IIA: a D2, D4, or NS5-brane. We explain how these probe branes are related to their associated QP-manifolds via the AKSZ topological field theory construction and the recent brane phase space construction. M-theory/type IIA duality is realised on the QP-manifold side as symplectic reduction along the M-theory circle (for branes that do not wrap it); this always produces IIA QP-manifolds with vanishing Romans mass.

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43

SEN, ASHOKE. "DESCENT RELATIONS AMONG BOSONIC D-BRANES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 25 (October 10, 1999): 4061–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99001901.

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We show that the tachyonic kink solution on a pair of D-p-branes in the bosonic string theory can be identified with the D-(p-1)-brane of the same theory. We also speculate on the possibility of obtaining the D-(p-1)-brane as a tachyonic lump on a single D-p-brane. We suggest a possible reinterpretation of the first result which unifies these two apparently different descriptions of the D-(p-1)-brane.

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44

AHN, CHANGHYUN. "META-STABLE BRANE CONFIGURATIONS WITH MULTIPLE NS5-BRANES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 27 (October 30, 2009): 5051–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09045923.

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Starting from an [Formula: see text] supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the multiple product gauge group and the bifundamentals, we apply Seiberg dual to each gauge group, obtain the [Formula: see text] supersymmetric dual magnetic gauge theories with dual matters including the gauge singlets. Then we describe the intersecting brane configurations, where there are NS-branes and D4-branes (and anti-D4-branes), of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of this gauge theory. We also discuss the case where the orientifold 4-planes are added into the above brane configuration. Next, by adding an orientifold 6-plane, we apply to an [Formula: see text] supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the multiple product gauge group (where a single symplectic or orthogonal gauge group is present) and the bifundamentals. Finally, we describe the other cases where the orientifold 6-plane intersects with NS-brane.

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45

KITAZAWA, NORIAKI. "DYNAMICAL ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY BREAKING IN STRING MODELS WITH D-BRANES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 13 (May 20, 2010): 2679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10048469.

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The possibility of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking by strong coupling gauge interaction in models with D-branes in String Theory is examined. Instead of elementary scalar Higgs doublet fields, the gauge symmetry with strong coupling (technicolor) is introduced. As the first step of this direction, a toy model, which is not fully realistic, is concretely analyzed in some detail. The model consists of D-branes and anti-D-branes at orbifold singularities in (T2 × T2 × T2)/Z3 which preserves supersymmetry. Supersymmetry is broken through the brane supersymmetry breaking. It is pointed out that the problem of large S parameter in dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking scenario may be solved by natural existence of kinetic term mixings between hypercharge U(1) gauge boson and massive anomalous U(1) gauge bosons. The problems to be solved toward constructing more realistic models are clarified in the analysis.

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46

Sepehri, Alireza, and Richard Pincak. "G-theory: The generator of M-theory and supersymmetry." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 10n11 (April 10, 2018): 1850058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231850058x.

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In string theory with ten dimensions, all Dp-branes are constructed from D0-branes whose action has two-dimensional brackets of Lie 2-algebra. Also, in M-theory, with 11 dimensions, all Mp-branes are built from M0-branes whose action contains three-dimensional brackets of Lie 3-algebra. In these theories, the reason for difference between bosons and fermions is unclear and especially in M-theory there is not any stable object like stable M3-branes on which our universe would be formed on it and for this reason it cannot help us to explain cosmological events. For this reason, we construct G-theory with M dimensions whose branes are formed from G0-branes with N-dimensional brackets. In this theory, we assume that at the beginning there is nothing. Then, two energies, which differ in their signs only, emerge and produce 2M degrees of freedom. Each two degrees of freedom create a new dimension and then M dimensions emerge. M-N of these degrees of freedom are removed by symmetrically compacting half of M-N dimensions to produce Lie-N-algebra. In fact, each dimension produces a degree of freedom. Consequently, by compacting M-N dimensions from M dimensions, N dimensions and N degrees of freedom is emerged. These N degrees of freedoms produce Lie-N-algebra. During this compactification, some dimensions take extra i and are different from other dimensions, which are known as time coordinates. By this compactification, two types of branes, Gp and anti-Gp-branes, are produced and rank of tensor fields which live on them changes from zero to dimension of brane. The number of time coordinates, which are produced by negative energy in anti-Gp-branes, is more sensible to number of times in Gp-branes. These branes are compactified anti-symmetrically and then fermionic superpartners of bosonic fields emerge and supersymmetry is born. Some of gauge fields play the role of graviton and gravitino and produce the supergravity. The question may arise that what is the physical reason which shows that this theory is true. We shown that G-theory can be reduced to other theories like nonlinear gravity theories in four dimensions. Also, this theory, can explain the physical properties of fermions and bosons. On the other hand, this theory explains the origin of supersymmetry. For this reason, we can prove that this theory is true. By reducing the dimension of algebra to three and dimension of world to 11 and dimension of brane to four, G-theory is reduced to F(R)-gravity.

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47

SHEIKH-JABBARI, M. M. "NONCOMMUTATIVE OPEN STRING THEORIES AND THEIR DUALITIES." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 04n06 (February 28, 2001): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301003450.

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The recently found noncritical open string theories is reviewed. These open strings, noncommutative open string theories (NCOS), arise as consistent quantum theories describing the low energy theory of D-branes in a background electric B-field in the critical limit. Focusing on the D3-brane case, we construct the most general (3+1) NCOS, which is described by four parameters. We study S- and T-dualities of these theories and argue the existence of a U-duality group.

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48

Alishahiha, Mohsen, Andreas Brandhuber, and Yaron Oz. "Branes at singularities in type 0 string theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 1999, no. 05 (May 28, 1999): 024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/1999/05/024.

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49

Hung, Ling-Yan. "String creation, D-branes and effective field theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, no. 04 (April 15, 2008): 057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/057.

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50

Douglas, Michael R., Daniel Kabat, Philippe Pouliot, and Stephen H. Shenker. "D-branes and short distances in string theory." Nuclear Physics B 485, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 85–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(96)00619-0.

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