Статті в журналах: "Strike of undocumented immigrants"

1

Pellegrino, Alessio, Maria Calabrese, Irene Vacirca, Maria Boddi, and Pietro Amedeo Modesti. "PREVALENCE, AWARENESS AND TREATMENT OF RISK FACTORS AMONG DOCUMENTED AND UNDOCUMENTED CHINESE IMMIGRANTS." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (May 2024): e273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001022316.36407.9e.

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Objective: Cardio-metabolic diseases are highly prevalent among ethnic minority groups in Europe. However, information on health needs of undocumented immigrants, especially regarding risk factors, are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in a large cohort of undocumented and documented (registered with National Health Service, NHS) Chinese immigrants living in Italy. Design and method: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Chinese first-generation immigrants living in Prato, underwent blood pressure (BP) measurement, blood tests (fasting glucose, FG, and total cholesterol, TC), and anthropometric measurements. Hypertension was diagnosed for BP>140/90 mmHg at two visits, and/or BP-lowering medication use; type 2 diabetes for FG>126 mg/dL at two visits, and/or glucose lowering drugs use; hypercholesterolemia for TC>240 mg/dL and/or statins use. Undocumented and documented migrants were compared via logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, central obesity, and educational level. Results: A large proportion of investigated Chinese immigrants (3435) were undocumented (1766, 51% with 1669, 49% registered with NHS). At logistic regression analysis, prevalence of hypertension was similar between the two groups, while prevalence of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia was higher among undocumented migrants, despite having a younger age and a lower prevalence of central obesity. Registration to NHS was associated with a higher awareness and prevalence of treated subjects for hypertension and diabetes. More precisely, registered migrants were 6 times more treated for type 2 diabetes than undocumented migrants. A small minority of subjects were treated with statins independently from NHS registration. Conclusions: Undocumented migrants seem to represent a large proportion of the Chinese migrant population living in Italy; undocumented migrants had lower levels of awareness and rate of treatment for hypertension and type 2 diabetes than migrants registered in the NHS. Acute treatment for stroke and myocardial infarction is guaranteed to all subjects regardless of NHS registration in Italy as in the majority of European countries. Health policies targeting this hard-to-reach population must be improved.

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2

Stone, Deborah. "Protect the Sick: Health Insurance Reform in One Easy Lesson." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 4 (2008): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00319.x.

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In most other nations, insurance for medical care is called sickness insurance, and it covers sick people. In the United States, we have “health insurance,” and its major carriers — commercial insurers, large employers, and increasingly government programs — strive to avoid sick people and cover only the healthy. This perverse logic at the heart of the American health insurance system is the key to reform debates.Focusing on sick people versus healthy people might seem a strange way to view the coverage issue. Most discussions of insurance categorize people into other groupings: the insured versus the uninsured; Caucasian whites versus other racial and ethnic groups; men versus women; poor and low-income people versus everybody else; children, adults, and the elderly; or citizens versus immigrants and undocumented aliens. More recently, health researchers have begun talking about “vulnerable populations,” using most of the same demographic groupings and adding other illness-inducing factors such as social isolation, stress, and impoverished neighborhoods. But as I will show, insurance plans now use premiums, cost-sharing, and other design features in ways that indirectly divide each of these groups into the sick and the healthy, to the detriment of the sick. By shifting the costs of illness onto people who use medical care — that is, sick people — market-oriented reforms of the last few decades have eroded insurance in the name of strengthening it.

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3

Kim, Na Roo. "A Study on the Protection of Fundamental Right of Undocumented Immigrant Children: Focused on the European Countries." European Constitutional Law Association 29 (August 31, 2022): 217–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.217.

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About 20,000 undocumented immigrant children live in Korea, but the fundamental rights for their lives are not guaranteed. In particular, they are suffering from problems such as birth registration, the infringement of the right to health and education. With regard to the birth registration of undocumented immigrant children, european countries stipulate that the birth of all children in that country can be registered regardless of their parents’ status and automatically issue birth certificates without further action. Since the universal birth registration system and issuance of related documents are the basic premise for respecting children's dignity as human beings, Korea also needs to introduce such procedures as soon as possible. Regarding the right to health of undocumented immigrant children, providing daily medical services other than emergency medical services is considered a social security area, but children's health is the most significant element for life maintenance and whole-person development, so medical access should be guaranteed regardless of the legality of residence status. We need to guarantee minimum medical access of undocumented children to maintain their health through providing emergency medical services, primary and secondary medical care services to the same extent as Korean children, or providing cost support. And in respect of guaranteeing undocumented immigrant children's right to education, we should strive to ensure that undocumented immigrant children receive education without discrimination in accordance with international society’s good practice of explicitly stipulating all children's right to education including undocumented immigrant children.

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Light, Michael T., Jingying He, and Jason P. Robey. "Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 51 (December 7, 2020): 32340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014704117.

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We make use of uniquely comprehensive arrest data from the Texas Department of Public Safety to compare the criminality of undocumented immigrants to legal immigrants and native-born US citizens between 2012 and 2018. We find that undocumented immigrants have substantially lower crime rates than native-born citizens and legal immigrants across a range of felony offenses. Relative to undocumented immigrants, US-born citizens are over 2 times more likely to be arrested for violent crimes, 2.5 times more likely to be arrested for drug crimes, and over 4 times more likely to be arrested for property crimes. In addition, the proportion of arrests involving undocumented immigrants in Texas was relatively stable or decreasing over this period. The differences between US-born citizens and undocumented immigrants are robust to using alternative estimates of the broader undocumented population, alternate classifications of those counted as “undocumented” at arrest and substituting misdemeanors or convictions as measures of crime.

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5

Bardacke, Frank. "The UFW and the Undocumented." International Labor and Working-Class History 83 (2013): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000045.

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It has become an embarrassment. The American Conservative crows, “Cesar Chávez, Minuteman,” and the accompanying article delivers the news that the United Farm Workers was not only anti-immigrant but that it set up its own border patrol between Arizona and Mexico. The magazine does not stand alone. Leaders of current right-wing vigilante groups claim Chávez's retroactive endorsement for their occasional attempts to close small sections of the border. In response, Chávez's defenders contend that the UFW opposed the undocumented only when they broke strikes; and besides, that was long ago, and now the union is a strong defender of immigrant rights. Thus, UFW policy toward the undocumented—controversial in its own time—once again has become a subject of public debate, threatening to tarnish the name given to so many California streets, parks, schools, community centers, and even university departments.

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Beck, Kevin, and Karina Shklyan. "Civic Engagement, Legal Status, and the Context of Reception: Participation in Voluntary Associations among Undocumented Immigrants in California." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211005214.

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For undocumented immigrants, processes of integration are contingent on the qualities of their local context. A lack of legal status may require them to strategically manage their presence in order to avoid detection that could lead to deportation. The authors ask how the need to mask one’s legal status affects the civic integration of undocumented immigrants. Drawing primarily on data from the California Health Interview Survey, the authors estimate the probability of participation in voluntary associations for undocumented immigrants. They naturalized immigrants and find that undocumented immigrants exhibit a lower rate of participation but that this low rate of participation is unlikely the result of their legal status. The findings also show that undocumented immigrants are less likely to participate in voluntary associations if they live in counties where large shares of voters cast votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.

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7

Herbst, Rachel Becker, Darren R. Bernal, Jonathan Terry, and Brian Lewis. "Undocumented Latina/o Immigrants in Multidisciplinary Settings: Behavioral Health Providers’ Role in Promoting Optimal, Ethical Healthcare." Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/jsacp.8.1.89-108.

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Undocumented immigrants experience health and treatment disparities exceeding those experienced by other immigrants (Hacker et al., 2011). Behavioral health providers in multidisciplinary medical settings play an integral role in the delivery of services to the 11 million undocumented immigrants residing in the United States, most of whom are Latina/o. Undocumented immigrants face cultural, legal, language, and psychological barriers that affect healthcare access, treatment utilization, and adherence (Achkar and Macklin, 2009). In the context of these disparities, little consensus exists regarding an ethical decisionmaking process specific to this population. How does a behavioral health provider respond to these dilemmas? This article reviews the changing sociopolitical landscape for the healthcare of undocumented immigrants. Case vignettes highlight and address important ethical issues arising from behavioral health providers’ work with this population. We conclude with recommendations regarding the navigation of these ethical challenges and the provision of high quality, accessible healthcare to undocumented immigrants.

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8

Gobeyn, Jennifer Lynn. "Caring for undocumented immigrants." Nursing 48, no. 8 (August 2018): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000542469.30330.13.

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9

D'Agostini, Gabriella. "Treading on Sacred Land: First Amendment Implications of ICE's Targeting of Churches." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.2 (2019): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.2.treading.

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In the last few years, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has begun to target religious institutions—specifically churches—as a means to find and arrest undocumented immigrants. This technique is in legal tension with the First Amendment rights of free exercise of religion and free association. It is unclear, however, how these legal rights protect those most affected by this targeting tactic: undocumented immigrants. Undocumented immigrants may lack standing to challenge ICE’s tactics on their own and may require the help of related parties to protect their interests. This Note explores a potential solution to the ambiguity surrounding undocumented immigrants’ protection under the First Amendment. Specifically, this Note argues that while undocumented immigrants may be barred from filing suits challenging the constitutionality of ICE raids on religious institutions, U.S. citizens who worship alongside these immigrants can and should bring such suits and demand injunctions to end the practice. These citizens not only have the undisputed legal rights to bring such potential claims but also may use those rights to provide a legal and practical shield for undocumented immigrants who seek to attend church without government intrusion.

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10

Dzordzormenyoh, Michael K. "Fear of Immigrants, Support for Exclusionary Immigration Policies & Police Stops against Illegal Immigrants with a Criminal Background in the US." Migration & Diversity 1, no. 1 (November 19, 2022): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/md.v1i1.2859.

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Most studies suggest that the fear of immigrants strongly influences public opinion about immigrants and immigration policies in the United States. Despite this knowledge, there is a lack of depth in the literature examining the effect of the fear of immigrants on police stops against undocumented immigrants and immigrants with criminal backgrounds. The present study fills this void in the literature by examining the effect of public fear of immigrants on public support for policing immigrants, specifically, undocumented immigrants with a criminal record, while controlling for other factors. Results from the regression analysis suggest that fear of immigrants, illustrated in exclusionary immigration policies, coupled with some socio-demographic factors, influence public attitude towards police stops against undocumented immigrants with criminal records. Theoretically, the present study fills a gap in the existing literature on the fear of immigrants, immigration, and policing, by exclusively focusing on undocumented immigrants with a criminal record. Policy-wise, the findings of these studies can be useful in developing more pragmatic and inclusionary immigration policies void of sentiments.

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Ro, Annie, and Jennifer Van Hook. "Comparing immigration status and health patterns between Latinos and Asians: Evidence from the Survey of Income and Program Participation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246239.

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Undocumented status is widely recognized as an important social determinant of health. While undocumented immigrants have lower levels of health care access, they do not have consistently poorer physical health than the US-born or other immigrant groups. Furthermore, heterogeneity by race/ethnicity has been largely ignored in this growing literature. This paper used the 2001, 2004, 2008 panels of the restricted Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), one of the only representative surveys equipped to adequately identify Asian undocumented immigrants, to compare health patterns between Asians and Latinos by immigration status. We examined three general measures of health/health access: self-rated health, disability, and current health insurance. Latino undocumented immigrants displayed some advantages in self-rated health and disability but had lower insurance coverage compared to US-born Latinos. In contrast, Asian undocumented immigrants did not differ from US-born Asians in any of the three outcomes. While undocumented status has been proposed as a fundamental cause of disease, we found no evidence that Latino and Asian undocumented immigrants consistently fare worse in health access or physical health outcomes than immigrants in other status categories. Different racial groups also appeared to have unique patterns between immigration status and health outcomes from one another.

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12

Pinotti, Paolo. "Immigration Enforcement and Crime." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151040.

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Immigration enforcement has ambiguous implications for the crime rate of undocumented immigrants. On the one hand, expulsions reduce the pool of immigrants at risk of committing crimes, on the other they lower the opportunity cost of crime for those who are not expelled. We estimate the effect of expulsions on the crime rate of undocumented immigrants in Italy exploiting variation in enforcement toward immigrants of different nationality, due to the existence of bilateral agreements for the control of illegal migration. We find that stricter enforcement of migration policy reduces the crime rate of undocumented immigrants.

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13

Manninen, Bertha Alvarez. "Undocumented Immigrants, Healthcare, and the Language of Desert." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 34, no. 1 (2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap2021112138.

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Arguments both in favor and against including undocumented immigrants in healthcare reform abound. However, many of these arguments, including ones that are favorable towards immigrants, are ethically problematic, and for the same reason; namely, that they either support or deny the inclusion of undocumented immigrants in healthcare reform based on their perceived level of desert, due to their alleged contribution to our social utility, or lack thereof. This encourages gauging the lives and worth of undocumented immigrants in terms of their productivity or output, rather than viewing them as intrinsically valuable human beings. This, in turn, contributes to the instrumentalization of undocumented immigrants’ welfare; for even arguments in favor of including them in healthcare reform encourage viewing them as, in Kantian language, mere means instead of ends in themselves. In this paper, I will be critical of arguments that either seek to exclude or include undocumented immigrants from healthcare reform or access based on social utility and will, instead, champion arguments in favor of inclusion that rely on fostering a sense of solidarity and identification amongst citizens and migrants.

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14

Tienda, Marta, and Audrey Singer. "Wage Mobility of Undocumented Workers in the United States." International Migration Review 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900106.

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This study addresses two fundamental questions about the economic assimilation of undocumented immigrants in the United States: 1) how different recently legalized immigrants are from all foreign-born persons and native-born whites; 2) whether wages of undocumented immigrants improve as they acquire greater amounts of U.S. experience and, if so, how these improvements are comparable to those of immigrants in general. We analyze the Legalized Population Survey and the Current Population Survey to assess the returns to U.S. experience and find positive returns to U.S. experience for both undocumented migrants and all foreign-born men. Returns to U.S. experience depend on region of origin. Undocumented immigrants from Mexico received the lowest wage returns and men from non-Spanish-speaking countries received the highest returns to U.S. experience.

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15

Wilson, Fernando A., Jim P. Stimpson, and Alexander N. Ortega. "Is use of a smuggler to cross the US-Mexico border associated with mental health problems among undocumented immigrants from Mexico?" PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 8 (August 14, 2023): e0002232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002232.

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Although numerous studies have found that Latine immigrants to the United States (US) have better health outcomes on average than persons born in the US, studies of persons living in Mexico have found that undocumented immigrants have worse health, especially those that were deported, compared to Mexican citizens that never migrated or migrated with authorization. However, the health outcomes of Mexican migrants using a smuggler to cross the US-Mexico border is a gap in the literature. We hypothesized that undocumented immigrant adults who used a smuggler to cross the US-Mexico border would be more likely to report mental health problems upon return to Mexico compared with undocumented immigrant adults that did not use a smuggler. We analyzed nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data of 1,563 undocumented immigrants currently living in Mexico. Most undocumented immigrants in the sample (87%) used a smuggler. Use of a smuggler by undocumented immigrant adults was associated with a 4.7% higher prevalence of emotional or psychiatric problems compared to undocumented immigrant adults that did not use a smuggler. We conclude that modality of ingress into the US is a risk factor for poorer mental health among undocumented immigrant adults.

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McCabe, Katherine T., Yalidy Matos, and Hannah Walker. "Priming Legality: Perceptions of Latino and Undocumented Latino Immigrants." American Politics Research 49, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x20959600.

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Previous work has shown public opinion toward immigrants is malleable based on how immigrants are described in media and elite rhetoric. In a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample of American adults, we extend this research to test for possible priming effects that occur based on how salient documentation status is when respondents proffer opinions on Latino immigrants. Our findings show that when subjects are first asked about “undocumented Latino immigrants,” their attitudes toward “Latino immigrants,” appear more negative, relative to when they are first asked about “Latino immigrants” without invoking the legal modifier. Respondents channel their negative associations with “illegal” or “undocumented” immigration into their opinions of Latino immigrants writ large. The results have implications for political communication, media reporting on immigration, and policy debates, which frequently discuss both “legal” and “undocumented” immigration in the same context.

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Ro, Annie, Helen W. Yang, Senxi Du, Courtney L. Hanlon, and Andrew Shane Young. "Severity of Inpatient Hospitalizations Among Undocumented Immigrants and Medi-Cal Patients in a Los Angeles, California, Hospital: 2019." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 11 (November 2021): 2019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306485.

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Objectives. To compare the severity of inpatient hospitalizations between undocumented immigrants and Medi-Cal patients in a large safety-net hospital in Los Angeles, California. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all 2019 inpatient stays at a Los Angeles hospital (n = 22 480), including patients of all races/ethnicities. We examined 3 measures by using insurance status to approximate immigration status: illness severity, length of hospital stay, and repeat hospitalizations. We calculated group differences between undocumented and Medi-Cal patients by using inverse probability weighted regression adjustment separately for patients aged 18 to 64 years and those aged 65 years and older. Results. Younger undocumented patients had less severe illness and shorter lengths of stay than their Medi-Cal counterparts. Older undocumented immigrants also had less severe illness, but had similar lengths of stay and were more likely to have repeated hospitalizations. Conclusions. While existing work suggests that undocumented immigrants could have more severe health care needs on account of their poorer access to medical care, we did not see clear health disadvantages among hospitalized undocumented immigrants, especially younger patients. There were fewer differences between undocumented and Medi-Cal patients who were older. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):2019–2026. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306485 )

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18

Armenta, Amada, and Rocío Rosales. "Beyond the Fear of Deportation: Understanding Unauthorized Immigrants’ Ambivalence Toward the Police." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 9 (March 26, 2019): 1350–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219835278.

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This article draws on in-depth interviews and ethnography to examine unauthorized Mexican immigrants’ perceptions of and experiences with police in Los Angeles and Philadelphia. Most existing research focuses on immigrants’ fears of deportation as the primary determinant of negative attitudes toward the police. We add to this body of work by arguing that police interactions serve as important moments of legal socialization that also contribute to undocumented immigrants’ legal attitudes. Our findings reveal that undocumented immigrants express a great deal of ambivalence about American police, believing them to be both trustworthy and overly punitive. Ultimately, the ambivalence that undocumented immigrants feel about the police mirrors the tension between inclusion and exclusion that characterizes immigrant life in the United States.

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Bastick, Zach, and Marie Mallet-Garcia. "Double lockdown: The effects of digital exclusion on undocumented immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic." New Media & Society 24, no. 2 (February 2022): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448211063185.

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The COVID-19 pandemic shifted many activities online. However, there is little research on the digital inclusion of undocumented immigrants and their experience of the pandemic in the United States. We conducted 32 interviews with undocumented Latino immigrants in the United States to examine how digital technologies mediated their experiences of the pandemic. We find that undocumented immigrants (1) face barriers to telehealth services, (2) are at high risk of COVID-19 misinformation, (3) experience difficulties in assessing privacy risks, and (4) experienced heterogeneous outcomes of technology use during the pandemic. Our analysis shows that digital technologies both supported and further marginalized undocumented immigrants during the pandemic. Future research on the digital inclusion of vulnerable populations should pay particular attention to the interaction between their underlying vulnerabilities, on one hand, and attitudes, uses, and outcomes associated with technology, on the other.

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20

Cohen, James. "The Rights of Undocumented Immigrants." Revue Française d Etudes Américaines 111, no. 1 (2007): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfea.111.0100.

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JIMENEZ, GUILLERMO, MATTHEW ROCKSTROM, MATTHEW GRIFFITH, DANIEL COLON HIDALGO, and LILIA CERVANTES. "LUNG TRANSPLANTATION AMONG UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS." Chest 160, no. 4 (October 2021): A2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.2153.

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Fabi, Rachel, and Lilia Cervantes. "Undocumented Immigrants and COVID-19." JAMA Health Forum 2, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): e212252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.2252.

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Aggarwal, Neil Krishan. "Challenges in Treating Undocumented Immigrants." American Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 9 (September 2017): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17020168.

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Beck, Teresa L., Thien-Kim Le, Queen Henry-Okafor, and Megha K. Shah. "Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 44, no. 1 (March 2017): e1-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.005.

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Beck, Teresa L., Thien-Kim Le, Queen Henry-Okafor, and Megha K. Shah. "Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants." Physician Assistant Clinics 4, no. 1 (January 2019): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2018.08.002.

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Wei, Mike, Katherine Lubarsky, and Bernadine Han. "Undocumented Immigrants in Psychiatric Wards." American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal 11, no. 2 (February 2016): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110204.

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Burgers, Jack, and Godfried Engbersen. "Globalisation, migration, and undocumented immigrants." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 22, no. 4 (October 1996): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1996.9976564.

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Valdez, Ramiro. "Undocumented immigrants with kidney disease." Dialysis & Transplantation 39, no. 10 (October 2010): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dat.20490.

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Kamer, Russell. "Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants." JAMA 319, no. 16 (April 24, 2018): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.1369.

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Gray, Nathan A., Nathan A. Boucher, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, and Kimberly S. Johnson. "Hospice Access for Undocumented Immigrants." JAMA Internal Medicine 177, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8870.

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Chavez, Leo R., F. Allan Hubbell, Shiraz I. Mishra, and R. Burciaga Valdez. "Undocumented Latina Immigrants in Orange County, California: A Comparative Analysis." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (March 1997): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100105.

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This article examines a unique data set randomly collected from Latinas (including 160 undocumented immigrants) and non-Hispanic white women in Orange County, California, including undocumented and documented Latina immigrants, Latina citizens, and non-Hispanic white women. Our survey suggests that undocumented Latinas are younger than documented Latinas, and immigrant Latinas are generally younger than U.S.-citizen Latinas and Anglo women. Undocumented and documented Latinas work in menial service sector jobs, often in domestic services. Most do not have job-related benefits such as medical insurance. Despite low incomes and likelihood of having children under age 18 living with them, their use of public assistance was low. Undocumented and documented Latina immigrants lived in households that often contained extended family members; they were more likely than other women in the study to lack a regular source of health care, to utilize health clinics, public health centers, and hospital emergency rooms rather than private physicians or HMOs, and to underutilize preventative cancer screening services. Despite their immigration status, undocumented Latina immigrants often viewed themselves as part of a community in the United States, which significantly influenced their intentions to stay in the United States. Contrary to much of the recent public policy debate over immigration, we did not find that social services influenced Latina immigrants’ intentions to stay in the United States.

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Devillanova, Carlo, Francesco Fasani, and Tommaso Frattini. "Employment of Undocumented Immigrants and the Prospect of Legal Status: Evidence from an Amnesty Program." ILR Review 71, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 853–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917743246.

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This article estimates the causal effect of the prospect of legal status on the employment outcomes of undocumented immigrants. The identification strategy exploits a natural experiment provided by an Italian amnesty program that introduced an exogenous discontinuity in eligibility based on date of arrival. The authors find that immigrants who are potentially eligible for legal status under the amnesty program have a significantly higher probability of being employed relative to undocumented immigrants who are not eligible. The size of the estimated effect is equivalent to about half the increase in employment that undocumented immigrants in our sample normally experience during their first year in Italy. These findings are robust to several checks and falsification exercises.

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Ro, Annie, Jennifer Van Hook, and Katrina M. Walsemann. "Undocumented Older Latino Immigrants in the United States: Population Projections and Share of Older Undocumented Latinos by Health Insurance Coverage and Chronic Health Conditions, 2018–2038." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 77, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab189.

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Abstract Objectives This article focuses on the older Latino undocumented population and anticipates how their current demographic characteristics and health insurance coverage might affect future population size and health insurance trends. Methods We use the 2013–2018 American Community Survey as a baseline to project growth in the Latino 55 and older undocumented population over the next 20 years. We use the cohort component method to estimate population size across different migration scenarios and distinguish between aging in place and new immigration. We also examine contemporary health insurance coverage and chronic health conditions among 55 and older undocumented Latinos from the 2003–2014 California Health Interview Survey. We then project health insurance rates in 2038 among Latino immigrants under different migration and policy scenarios. Results If current mortality, migration, and policy trends continue, projections estimate that 40% of undocumented Latino immigrants will be 55 years or older by 2038—nearly all of whom will have aged in place. Currently, 40% of older Latino undocumented immigrants do not have insurance. Without policies that increase access to insurance, projections estimate that the share who are uninsured among all older Latinos immigrants will rise from 15% to 21%, and the share who is both uninsured and living with a chronic health condition will rise from 5% to 9%. Discussion Without access to health care, older undocumented immigrants may experience delayed care and more severe morbidity. Our projections highlight the need to develop and enact policies that can address impending health access concerns for an increasingly older undocumented Latino population.

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Galindo, René. "Repartitioning the National Community." Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 35, no. 2 (2010): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2010.35.2.37.

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The historic immigration rights marches of 2006 placed the plight of undocumented immigrants in the national spotlight. Competing interpretations of the marches focused in part on the waving of Mexican flags by marchers. While some English-language media critics saw the flags as expressing political disloyalty to the United States, the marchers and Spanish-language media said they stood for cultural identity and familial pride. Both of these interpretations obscured the political agency of the marchers, who sought to create visibility and political presence for undocumented immigrants and oppose their criminalization and political exclusion. This essay uses a performance perspective to analyze the Mexican flag as a visual symbol of the political agency, voice, and visibility of undocumented immigrants. Images of the flag in the media served as proxy for the visual emergence of undocumented immigrants from the “shadows of society” onto the national broadcast/political stage. Negative reactions against the Mexican flag responded to a repartitioning of the national community in the broadcast visual/political field, which French philosopher Jacques Rancière termed “the partition of the perceptible,” that presented undocumented immigrants not as a voiceless and faceless mass of laborers but as political agents engaged in the enactment of rights.

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Koreishi, Safina, and Martin Thomas Donohoe. "Historical and Contemporary Factors Contributing to the Plight of Migrant Farmworkers in the United States." Social Medicine 5, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v5i1.2010.343.

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Migrant farmworkers provide an essential service and perform jobs that many Americans are unwilling to do. Immigration practices and policies dictate the extent to which undocumented migrant farmworkers have access to governmental health and social services, and are ever-changing based on the political climate. This paper reviews historical and contemporary United States government policies relevant to migrant farmworkers. It refutes some of the common myths regarding documented and undocumented immigrants and migrant farmworkers, such as "U.S. public health insurance programs are overburdened with immigrants," "undocumented immigrants are taking advantage of the American system by 'free riding' and are a 'drain on the economy,'" and "undocumented immigrants take American jobs." Even though their jobs involve significant occupational hazards, undocumented migrant farmworkers are ineligible for government services, and employers generally do not provide these workers with health insurance. Migrant farmworkers also face food insecurity, poor housing conditions, impaired access to education for their children, and even human rights violations. These conditions, as well as the nature of their work, affect the health of undocumented migrant farmworkers and their children. This paper analyzes these inequities and calls for a more just and equitable system that treats migrant farmworkers fairly and provides them and their families with social services and health care.

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Guadamuz, Jenny S., Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Martha L. Daviglus, Krista M. Perreira, Gregory S. Calip, Edith A. Nutescu, Linda C. Gallo, Sheila F. Castaneda, Franklyn Gonzalez, and Dima M. Qato. "Immigration Status and Disparities in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (Visit 2, 2014–2017)." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 9 (September 2020): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305745.

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Objectives. To estimate treatment rates of high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes among Hispanic/Latino immigrants by immigration status (i.e., naturalized citizens, documented immigrants, or undocumented immigrants). Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analyses of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (visit 2, 2014–2017). We restricted our analysis to Hispanic/Latino immigrants with high cholesterol (n = 3974), hypertension (n = 3353), or diabetes (n = 2406); treatment was defined as use of statins, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics, respectively. Results. When compared with naturalized citizens, undocumented and documented immigrants were less likely to receive treatment for high cholesterol (38.4% vs 14.1%; prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.37 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27, 0.51] and 25.7%; PR = 0.67 [95% CI = 0.58, 0.76]), hypertension (77.7% vs 57.7%; PR = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.62, 0.89] and 68.1%; PR = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.82, 0.94]), and diabetes (60.3% vs. 50.4%; PR = 0.84 [95% CI = 0.68, 1.02] and 55.8%; PR = 0.93 [95% CI = 0.83, 1.03]); the latter did not reach statistical significance. Undocumented and documented immigrants had less access to health care, including insurance coverage or a usual health care provider, than naturalized citizens. Therefore, adjusting for health care access largely explained treatment disparities across immigration status. Conclusions. Preventing cardiovascular disease among Hispanic/Latino immigrants should focus on undertreatment of high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes by increasing health care access, especially among undocumented immigrants.

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Cardenas, Valeria, Lindsey Hulsebus, and Susan Enguidanos. "BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS AMONG UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS: PERSPECTIVE OF PALLIATIVE CARE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2364.

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Abstract Undocumented immigrants face numerous barriers to obtaining healthcare services, largely due to fear of deportation and limited access to health care. The purpose of this study was to learn about challenges and facilitators palliative care healthcare providers experience in caring for seriously ill undocumented immigrants and the factors affecting access to care in this seriously ill population. From November 2022 to January 2023, we conducted semi-structured, individual telephone interviews with 11 palliative care healthcare providers from two inner city hospitals in California. Our interview protocol elicited providers’ experience caring for undocumented immigrants, including the patients’ stage of illness when providers encounter them, referrals made by the healthcare team, and gaps in care they have witnessed for these undocumented immigrants. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes related to provider perceived patient care-seeking behaviors and challenges include complications of postponing care, financial burden, fear of deportation, transportation, health literacy, lack of family support, lack of awareness and misperceptions of palliative care. Themes related to provider care challenges include language barriers, longer care process, and cultural barriers. Facilitators and recommendations include awareness of care options and reassurance, importance of social and community resources, expanded palliative care awareness, knowledge, and access, and improved cultural competence. Our findings underscore the need for intervention studies that focus on alleviating identified barriers for undocumented immigrants. Future studies are needed to elicit the perspectives of seriously ill undocumented patients.

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Peraza, David. "Filling the Gap: The Case for Driver's Licenses as a Lifeline to Opportunity for Undocumented Immigrants Where the Federal Government Fails to Act on Comprehensive Immigration Reform." FIU Law Review 18, no. 4 (2024): 903–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/lawrev.18.4.14.

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The federal government has repeatedly failed at passing comprehensive immigration reform, which would provide basic benefits to the undocumented population in the U.S, including driver’s licenses. Various states have made attempts to provide undocumented immigrants with driver’s licenses. This work address the benefits and drawbacks of these policies and ultimately posits that holdout states should enact policies to provide driver’s licenses to undocumented immigrants in the face of the federal government’s inaction.

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Olukotun, Oluwatoyin, and Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu. "Lessons Learned From the Recruitment of Undocumented African Immigrant Women for a Qualitative Study." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692090457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920904575.

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Although undocumented immigrants represent a particularly vulnerable population, they are underrepresented in health research. To facilitate the engagement of undocumented immigrants in health research, in this article, we describe the methodological issues encountered while conducting a qualitative study where we sought to understand the health care–seeking experiences of undocumented African immigrant women in the United States. Strategies employed in addressing methodological challenges and recommendation for future studies will also be discussed.

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Devillanova, Carlo, Cinzia Colombo, Primo Garofolo, and Anna Spada. "Health care for undocumented immigrants during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 6 (October 29, 2020): 1186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa205.

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Abstract Despite concern on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on undocumented immigrants, quantitative evidence on the issue is scant. We analyze socioeconomic and health conditions of 1590 undocumented immigrants in Milan, Lombardy, one of the regions with the highest COVID-19 clinical burden in the world that does not guarantee access to primary care for these individuals. We document a sharp reduction in visit number after lockdown, with 16% frequency of acute respiratory infections, compatible with COVID-19. Moreover, housing conditions make it difficult to implement public health measures. Results suggest the need to foster primary care by undocumented immigrants to face COVID-19 emergency.

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Steele, Rachel R. "Moral typecasting explains evaluations of undocumented immigrants." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 11, no. 1 (July 6, 2023): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.5617.

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Policies toward undocumented immigrants have fueled political debates recently. Since policies are multidimensional, I proposed examining support for two types of policies: punishing or helping. The Theory of Dyadic Morality (Schein & Gray, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868317698288), above other theoretical approaches, was the most fitting to analyze these divergent perspectives. Based on the typecast model, I hypothesized that agent typecast beliefs would predict punishing and patient (victim) beliefs would predict helping. Thus, I expected the agent effect to be mediated through disgust and anger and the victim effect to be mediated through empathy-related emotions. In Study 1 participants provided open-ended responses regarding their beliefs about undocumented immigrants, which were coded for agent and victim themes. Viewing undocumented immigrants as agents of harm was associated with support for punishing policies, and this link was mediated by elevated disgust/anger. Study 2 replicated these Study 1 findings and, in addition, found that perceiving undocumented immigrants as victims was associated with support for helping policies. This link was mediated by increased empathy-related emotions. Implications for ongoing policy debates were discussed.

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Joo, Eunphyo. "A Case Study of Discontinuance of Medical Welfare for Undocumented Immigrants -Focusing on Pregnant Women in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju-." Cultural Convergence Society 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61131/cc.2023.4.1.41.

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This study examines the lifestyles of migrants living as undocumented immigrants (illegal aliens) living in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City, and seeks to find out how oppression due to their status, psychological anxiety, and vulnerable lives affect the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. This study interviewed 30 pregnant women among undocumented immigrants who lived in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju from January to June 2023, and summarized the state of mind of the mother, hospital expenses, and child rearing on a case-by-case basis. Pregnant women of undocumented migrants are exposed to risks of lack of medical insurance, lack of family, and forced repatriation, and the burden of medical expenses and childcare due to the absence of national health insurance existed. If local governments or non-profit private organizations continue to take an interest in undocumented immigrants and give warm glances of help, the welfare service of undocumented migrants staying in Korea will be improved and the quality of life in Korea will be improved at the present time when the number of undocumented migrants is increasing socially. I hope a solution is found.

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Mallet, Marie L., Rocío Calvo, and Mary C. Waters. "“I Don’t Belong Anymore”: Undocumented Latino Immigrants Encounter Social Services in the United States." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 39, no. 3 (July 18, 2017): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986317718530.

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As undocumented Latino immigrants transition into adulthood, they also transition into illegality. They move from a somewhat protected status under which they had access to education and other social benefits, to the more vulnerable category of undocumented adults without access to social rights. How undocumented immigrants’ interactions with social services contribute to the formation of their ethnic identity and feelings of belonging to the United States is the focus of this research. Drawing on qualitative interview data from undocumented adults who grew up in the United States, this article shows that as undocumented children transition into adulthood, they face a new system that forces them to learn how to become an immigrant if they want to remain part of American society.

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Viladrich, Anahí. "“We Cannot Let Them Die”: Undocumented Immigrants and Media Framing of Health Deservingness in the United States." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 10 (March 24, 2019): 1447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319830426.

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Based on a systematic qualitative analysis of articles published by The New York Times (2009–2017), this article presents the main media frames that support the access to government-sponsored health care by undocumented immigrants, just before and after passage of the U.S. Affordable Care Act in 2010. Under the umbrella of “selective inclusion,” this study highlights a “compassionate frame” that conveys sympathy toward severely ill, undocumented immigrants. This approach is reinforced by a “cost-control” frame that underlines the economic benefits of providing health care to the undocumented immigrant population in the United States. Supported by both humane and market-based approaches, these frames make a compelling case for the inclusion of particular groups into the U.S. health care safety net. Ultimately, these findings contribute to our understanding of the media framing of undocumented immigrants’ right to health care on the basis of deservingness.

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Bersani, Bianca, Adam D. Fine, Alex R. Piquero, Laurence Steinberg, Paul J. Frick, and Elizabeth Cauffman. "Investigating the Offending Histories of Undocumented Immigrants." Migration Letters 15, no. 2 (April 29, 2018): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v15i2.366.

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This study investigates the association between undocumented immigration and crime among youthful offenders. Using official record and self-reported offending measures collected across seven-waves of data from the longitudinal Crossroads Study, the prevalence and variety of offending are compared for undocumented immigrant, documented immigrant, and US-born groups during the transition into young adulthood. Results suggest that, as compared to documented immigrants and US-born peers, undocumented immigrants report engaging in less crime prior to and following their first arrest. Conversely, official records reflect a marginally higher level of re-arrest among undocumented immigrants, particularly in the months immediately following the first arrest. This divergence in findings warrants focused consideration to disentangle whether the difference is due to differential involvement in crime, differential treatment in the justice system, or a combination of factors. Additional research is needed to test whether the results found in this study generalize to other immigrant groups and contexts.

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Patler, Caitlin. "To Reveal or Conceal: How Diverse Undocumented Youth Navigate Legal Status Disclosure." Sociological Perspectives 61, no. 6 (May 30, 2018): 857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121418775092.

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Existing literature illuminates the multiple barriers young undocumented immigrants face, yet we know little about how these challenges vary among undocumented youth. This article explores variation in how undocumented youth “manage” their legal status in the educational context. Drawing on interviews with Latina/o, Asian American and Pacific Islander (API), and black undocumented young adults in California, I analyze the factors influencing when and how youth decide to reveal or conceal legal status from school personnel or peers, and the educational consequences of such decisions. I find undocumented students’ decisions to hide legal status, while practical, can constrain social network formation and limit access to academic resources. However, decisions to reveal or conceal legal status are not made uniformly but vary by political and social context, and access to support within co-ethnic social networks. Finally, knowing other undocumented immigrants is an important resource for undocumented youth as they navigate the educational system.

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Aguilar, Carlos. "Undocumented Critical Theory." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 19, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708618817911.

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Despite an increasing body of literature on undocumented immigrants and an improved access to academia by DACAdemics and undocumented scholars, the need for theories about undocumented experiences in the United States persists. In this article, I introduce the central tenets of a developing theory that I call Undocumented Critical Theory (UndocuCrit). Rooted in Critical Race Theory (CRT), Latina/o Critical Theory (LatCrit), and Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribalCrit), UndocuCrit introduces the lens to better understand the nuanced and liminal experiences that characterize undocumented communities in the United States. Although this initial rendering focuses on the experiences of Mexican immigrants and individuals of Mexican descent, UndocuCrit exhorts DACAdemics and undocumented scholars to contribute to this emerging framework by applying it to their experiences and those of other undocumented communities. As a theoretical framework, UndocuCrit challenges an immigrant binary rhetoric as well as embarking on a journey toward social justice and the empowerment of our communities.

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Feldman, David B. "Beyond the Border Spectacle: Global Capital, Migrant Labor, and the Specter of Liminal Legality." Critical Sociology 46, no. 4-5 (December 23, 2019): 729–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519884999.

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This essay systematically thinks through the relationship between undocumented immigrants, guestworkers, and nonstatus immigrants as sources of flexible and highly exploitable noncitizen labor. It argues that many businesses are increasingly likely to view unauthorized workers as more of a liability than an asset, and that this makes an ostensibly legal but intensely surveilled and ultimately deportable workforce look more attractive. Challenging the dominant conception that a so-called pathway to citizenship would resolve the plight of nonstatus and undocumented immigrants, I argue that this would institutionalize liminal legality by bringing undocumented immigrants directly into the surveillance apparatus of the Department of Homeland Security, without offering a realistic chance at obtaining legal permanent residency. To fight back against this potential outcome, the grassroots movement for migrant and immigrant justice must broaden its scope of action and place immediate, unconditional, and total amnesty for all at the center of its demands.

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Patler, Caitlin. "“Citizens but for Papers:” Undocumented Youth Organizations, Anti-Deportation Campaigns, and the Reframing of Citizenship." Social Problems 65, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spw045.

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Abstract Scholars have documented strong anti-immigrant bias in mainstream media portrayals and public sentiment, especially associated with notions of “illegality.” Yet certain groups of undocumented immigrants have been able to defend their continued residency. How are undocumented immigrants, as marginalized subjects, able to make claims for legal and social recognition? Through an analysis of 125 anti-deportation campaigns led by undocumented youth organizations in the United States, I show how organizations developed a nationally coordinated model using citizenship frames to challenge deportations and build support for pro-immigrant legislation. Citizenship frames are based in legal and normative ideologies of citizenship that underscore acculturation, civic engagement, and humanitarian concerns. The campaigns highlight undocumented immigrants’ social integration, deservingness, and practice of citizenship, therefore contesting the boundaries between citizen and noncitizen, and between lawful and unlawful. Though citizenship frames are used across cases, campaign tactics vary: students are portrayed as high-achievers who would suffer greatly if deported, while campaigns for non-students emphasize the detrimental effects of deportation on others. Importantly, citizenship frames are bounded by the government’s priorities for immigration enforcement, with potentially negative consequences for those immigrants considered less than model citizens.

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Nuila, Ricardo. "Home: Palliation for Dying Undocumented Immigrants." New England Journal of Medicine 366, no. 22 (May 31, 2012): 2047–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1201768.

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