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Дисертації з теми "Stress Ribosomique"
David, Florian. "Hétérogénéité ribosomique et régulation de la traduction des ARNm des facteurs de croissance (lymph)angiogéniques dans les cardiomyocytes stressés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30054.
Повний текст джерелаCardiac ischemia, defined as a blood perfusion diminution in a part of the heart, subjects cells to various stresses caused by oxygen and nutrient supply diminution. If they persist, these stresses induce cell death and subsequently myocardial infarction. In order to restore tissue homeostasis as well as the vascularization of ischemic tissue, cells activate various mechanisms such as angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. My thesis project focused on the study of these pathways and their regulation at the translational level in cardiomyocytes subjected to different stresses. The semi-global analysis of the transcriptome and the translatome in hypoxic condition showed us that angiogenic and lymphangiogenic genes are not drastically regulated at the transcriptional level while the majority of them are induced at the translational level in murine cardiomyocytes. Among these genes, those having IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Site) structures are recruited more efficiently into polysomes. Regulation of translation through the presence of these structures is a key mechanism in the response to hypoxia. We have identified a protein, vasohibin 1, bound to FGF1 IRES and presenting during hypoxia an ITAF (IRES Trans-Acting Factor) function. In a second part of this thesis work, we characterized the key role of a long non-coding RNA, Neat1, in the regulation of IRES-dependent translation in response to hypoxia. Neat1 is the main component of a nuclear body, the paraspeckle, which forms in response to stress. The paraspeckle is made up of Neat1 and several proteins, that interact with this long ncRNA, and are also known to exhibit ITAF function, hence the hypothesis of a role of the paraspeckle in the control of translation. Thus we have identified by depletion experiments, that Neat1, more particularly the long isoform of this ncRNA, Neat1-2, has a role of ITAF promoting the IRES-dependent translation of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Other components of the paraspeckle, p54nrb and pSPC1, regulate different subgroups of IRESs. The analysis of the interactome of p54nrb by mass spectrometry allowed to identify new nuclear and cytoplasmic partner specific of hypoxia, among them the ribosomal protein uS5 (RPS2) and nucleolin, which both present an ITAF function. These results suggest that the paraspeckle could be an assembly platform for IRESome, a complex responsible for IRES-dependent translation, and that Neat1 is a key regulator of this mechanism. The third part of my thesis concerns the identification of specialized ribosomes involved in IRES-dependent translation during stress. Analysis of the composition of polysomes of human cardiomyocytes under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress allowed us to discover several mitochondrial ribosomal proteins associated with the polysomes. Cellular stresses induced a switch in polysome composition, inducing an increase of the association with some mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPS12 and MRPS15) while others were decreased (MRPS35 and MRPL52). The rest of the study focused on MRPS15. First, experiments with PLA (proximity ligation assay) and immunoprecipitations from cytosolic and polysomal fractions confirmed the interaction of this mitochondrial protein with the ribosome. In addition, a cytoplasmic fraction of MRPS15 increases in response to stress. [...]
Abou-Ellail, Mohamed. "Rôle des protéines de type nucléoline (AtNUC-L1 et AtNUC-L2) dans la transcription des gènes ADNr et dans la floraison et la réponse aux stress chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1056.
Повний текст джерелаA. Thaliana genome contains two genes encoding nucleolin-like proteins, named AtNUC-L1 and AtNUC-L2. The expression of AtNUC-L1 is detected at high level in most plant tissues and organs. In contrast, the expression of AtNUC-L2 gene is much lower and is detected only in specific plant tissues and organs including, flowers, root tips and stress related tissues like stipules and hydathode cells. Both genes are required for activation and/or repression of specific 45S rDNA gene variants. Attempts to understand how the expression of rDNA gene is controlled revealed a role of AtNUC-L1 in controlling symmetrical DNA methylation specifically in the 5’ transcribed non coding rDNA sequences. Disruption of AtNUC-L1 affects global plant growing and development. In contrast, the AtNUC-L2 gene knockout plants show mainly late flowering phenotype. Furthermore, AtNUC-L2 seems to play a role in plant stress response. Indeed, AtNUC-L2 gene expression is induced by 37°, salicylic acid and eventually other biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. We show also that AtNUC-L1 protein might control AtNUC-L2 gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that AtNUC-L1 and AtNUC-L2 proteins bind and determine nucleosome positioning in vitro. However, AtNUC-L1 and AtNUC-L2 might recognize specific nucleosome structures. All together the data support the idea that duplicated nucleolin-like protein genes in plants have specialized to control both RNA pol I and II gene expression at particular developmental and environmental conditions
Jouines, Camille. "Nouvelle approche thérapeutique par inhibition de la biogenèse des ribosomes dans le cancer du sein triple négatif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10345.
Повний текст джерелаTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15 to 20% of breast cancers. It is characterized by the absence of hormonal receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and amplification of the HER2 receptor, rendering hormone therapies ineffective. Therapeutic options are therefore limited to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with a low response rate. This leads to frequent relapses and a 5-year survival rate ranging from 50% to 20%, depending on metastatic status. This situation underscores an urgent need for new, more effective, and targeted therapies to improve TNBC treatment. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the small (40S) and the large (60S). They contain 80 ribosomal proteins (RPs), and the four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are synthesized and assembled in a complex manner during "ribosome biogenesis." This biogenesis is regulated by over 200 factors. Initially, a pre-rRNA 47S is synthesized in the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), and the 5S rRNA by RNA Pol III in the cytosol. The mRNA of the RPs is transcribed in the nucleus by Pol II. The pre-rRNA 47S undergoes maturation, including cleavages and chemical modifications, and assembles with RPs to form subunits, which are exported to the cytosol to assemble into mature ribosomes. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells produce more ribosomes than normal cells, allowing them to translate more proteins and preferentially certain mRNAs, which promotes their proliferation. Consequently, cancer cells are highly dependent on increased ribosome biogenesis and are therefore sensitive to its inhibition. This inhibition has two major advantages: it induces a cellular stress known as ribosomal stress, without genotoxic effects, and it appears to be effective in p53-deficient cells, a common mutation in cancers. Over the past ten years, ribosome biogenesis has experienced a significant resurgence of interest, thanks to proof-of-concept studies with the compounds CX-3543, CX-5461, and BMH-21. These selectively inhibit the activity of RNA Pol I, are effective, and are also selective for cancer cells over healthy cells. These inhibitors target the initial step of ribosome biogenesis. In the context of TNBC, we validated that the two Pol I inhibitors, CX-5461 and BMH-21, have anti-tumorigenic effects in vitro and in vivo, and induce cell cycle arrest. However, although effective, current Pol I inhibitors are transcription inhibitors that have been reported to have genotoxic effects. Ribosome biogenesis relies on many other essential factors for ribosome production, which could constitute promising therapeutic targets. One of these factors involved in rRNA maturation is fibrillarin (FBL). FBL is responsible for the cleavage of pre-rRNA and the 2'-O-methylation of rRNA post-transcriptionally. In my team, it has been shown that the inhibition of FBL alters the cleavage of pre-rRNA as well as the 2'-O-methylation pattern of rRNA, affecting the translation of certain mRNAs. FBL is overexpressed in breast cancers, particularly in the TNBC subtype. In our study, we determined that reducing FBL expression induces an anti-tumorigenic effect in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that reducing FBL expression induces cell cycle arrest. These results confirm that targeting the maturation of pre-rRNA represents a novel potential therapeutic approach for this TNBC subtype
Gebelin, Virginie. "Etude des différents niveaux de régulation du stress oxydatif chez Hevea brasiliensis : implication des miRNAs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20024/document.
Повний текст джерелаHevea brasiliensis is cultivated for natural rubber produced in latex cells. Intensive harvesting systems combined with environmental cues affect latex production. The Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD), a complex physiological disorder, causes a loss of production of 10-40%. Oxidative stress, starting point of the disease, affect latex flow because of in situ coagulation of rubber particles. In plants, the adaptation to abiotic stress relies on the fine tuning of the gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. MicroRNAs play a crucial roles leading to mRNAs degradation or repression of their translation.The aim of this thesis is to understand and identify the regulation of the oxidative stress by studying the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of abiotic stress and TPD occurrence in Hevea. Isolation and high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs allowed identifying Hevea microRNAs. Firstly, a small RNA library was constructed from in vitro plantlets subjected or not to abiotic stress, and secondly, two others small RNA libraries were constructed with latex from healthy and TPD-affected trees. Analyses of the small RNA population showed a decrease in the size of the reads in response to TPD, the majority of the small RNAs from latex being 21 nucleotides in TPD-affected trees and 24 nucleotides in healthy trees. Combining the LeARN pipeline and transcriptomic data, sixty eight microRNAs families conserved between plant species and fifteen new families were identified in Hevea. Genes involved in microRNA biogenesis are present in latex suggesting their production in this particular cellular compartment. Identification of thirty precursors of microRNAs allowed the expression analyses of the corresponding MIR genes in response to abiotic stress and upon TPD occurrence. MIR genes are differentially expressed in young plants in response to abiotic stress and in response to ethylene and methyl jasmonate treatments. Moreover, relative transcript abundance of MIR genes is strongly repressed upon TPD occurrence a soon as 5% of dry cut length except for one MIR gene.Putative targets were predicted for the 83 families. MicroRNAs are involved in ROS detoxification, natural rubber biosynthesis, ethylene and jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling pathways. Three targets were experimentally validated including the chloroplastic isoform of CuZnSOD, which is an important enzyme of the ROS-scavenging system
Einhorn, Evelyne. "Rôle de la protéine ribosomale RACK1 dans la régulation de la traduction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ019.
Повний текст джерелаRACK1 (Receptor for activated protein C kinase 1) is a ribosomal protein associated to many signaling pathways. RACK1 is required for the selective translation of viruses containing internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). In addition, expression of RACK1 is necessary during development, suggesting that it regulates the translation of cellular mRNAs. In order to better understand the function of RACK1 in Drosophila, I have participated in the characterization of the RACK1 interactome and of a RACK1-dependent viral IRES. I have also attempted to establish a connection between the function of RACK1 in signaling and in translation, and I have shown that the knob domain of RACK1 is important for IRES-dependent translation. Finally, I have established that RACK1 is required for the response to abiotic stresses, and I have identified cellular genes regulated by RACK1 in this context. In particular, I discovered that RACK1 is a negative regulator of several innate immunity genes. My results suggest that RACK1 plays a pivotal role within the ribosome, regulating translation positively or negatively in an mRNA- and possibly context-specific manner
Leplus, Alexis. "Study of factors implicated in small ribosomal subunit biogenesis under differents growth conditions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210189.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished