Дисертації з теми "Stress RF et thermique"
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Pinault, Bastien. "Évaluation de topologies d'amplificateurs faible bruit et robustes en filière GaN pour applications radar ou télécom en bande X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES070.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to increase telecommunication data rates and enhance the precision and range of modern radar systems, improving the noise factor of a communication link has become crucial. As demonstrated by the FRIIS formula, the noise factor of a reception architecture is mainly determined by the noise factor of the first stage. It is, therefore, necessary to place a low-noise amplifier (LNA) upstream of the first stage. LNAs may face electromagnetic (EM) aggressions that can degrade or even render the system inoperative, depending on the intended application. Hence, it is essential to design LNAs that are robust against these EM aggressions. Due to their intrinsic characteristics (wide bandgap, high breakdown voltage, and good thermal conductivity), gallium nitride (GaN) technologies are excellent candidates for implementing low-noise amplifiers. The natural robustness offered by this material allows for the elimination of protection devices such as power limiters used in GaAs or SiGe technologies. Modern system constraints compel them to maintain their characteristics even when subjected to EM aggressions. Low-noise amplifier topologies must, therefore, meet the dual objective of high detectivity (low HF noise factor) and high linearity (high power) at usage frequencies. To increase the linearity of an LNA, one strategy involves oversizing the transistor (physical or electrical dimensions larger than those necessary for optimal noise factor). This approach improves nonlinear performance at the expense of noise parameters and/or small signals. This thesis proposes a novel approach that simultaneously exploits the nonlinear characteristics of an LNA design initially optimized for noise parameters by enhancing the nonlinear behavior of the active element through a change in its operating point. A comparative study and a broader state-of-the-art analysis position our solution within the spectrum of possibilities for achieving a low-noise and robust system
Lahondère, Chloé. "Stress thermique et thermorégulation chez lez insectes hématophages." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4029.
Повний текст джерелаInsects are submitted to thermal fluctuations of their environment and have developed a wide ranged panel of behavioral, physiological and biochemical responses, to minimize the subsequent deleterious effects and maintain their physiological integrity. Some species actively regulate their internal temperature independently of the temperature of the environment. If these insects can overcome the constraints imposed by their thermal environment, those that feed on warm-blooded vertebrate hosts have no choice but to confront a situation of thermal stress at each feeding event. The main objective of this work is to understand how bloodsucking insects manage heat stress associated with the massive flow of heat generated by the ingestion of the blood meal. Our results show these insects have developed different strategies of thermoregulation to protect themselves from overheating
Boufoussi, M'Barek. "Modélisation thermique, métallurgique et mécanique du traitement thermique superficiel par faisceau laser." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL046N.
Повний текст джерелаBelaïd, Mohamed Ali. "Contribution à l’analyse des dégradations d’origine thermique et des interactions électrothermiques dans les dispositifs LDMOS RF de puissance." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES053.
Повний текст джерелаThe semiconductor characteristics are sensitive to temperature variations, in particular for ultra high frequency power devices. The temperature can limit the lifetime of semiconductors and plays an essential part in the degradation mechanisms. The thermal phenomenon remains however the principal cause of degradation in most cases. Consequently, the thermal aspects are becoming important for RF power devices in many applications, which can lead to the device failure. This work presents a bench dedicated to the thermal ageing. A power FR LDMOS transistor has been chosen for our first tests in accelerated ageing under various conditions. An electric characterization (IC-CAP software) has been made, and a thermoelectric model (under ADS) has been implemented, taking into account the temperature evolution in the device, which is used as the reliability tool (parameters extraction)
El, Shafey Hatem Mohamed. "Identification du cofacteur métallique de la superoxyde dismutase de Corynebacterium glutamicum et clonage des gènes sodA et msrA et étude des régulations de l'expression sous stress oxydatif et radiatif." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112018.
Повний текст джерелаThe cytosolic SOD was purified. Experiences of metal substitution indicated that the substitution by manganese permitted the conservation of 84,9 % of specific activity, while the use of copper, iron, nickel, zinc did not permit to restore the activity. Thus the enzyme is a strict MnSOD (not-cambialistic). The sodA gene was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the chromosomal locus allowed the identification of a second gene possibly implicated in oxidative stress response (peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase encoding gene msrA) in the close environment of the sodA gene. The analysis of the promoter region sodA-msrA did not make it possible to highlight the putative sites of fixing of the eventual regulators except possible sites of fixing of OxyR and IHF. Expression of the E. Coli lacZ gene, as a reporter gene placed under the control of the upstream sequences of sodA and msrA, was followed as a reflect of sodA and msrA regulation. Integrative transductionnal fusions were transferred into the C. Glutamicum genome. Various stresses: oxidative stress, radiative stress, heat shock, in vitro addition of metals was tried, but no regulation was detected for sodA and msrA expression, but in the case of msrA during late stationary phase in response to heat shock, and in response to UV irradiation. An in silico study to seek eventual regulators in the genome of C. Glutamicum showed the absence of the homologues of soxRS and arcA, the presence of oxyR, and the presence of putative candidates for ahpC, ohrR, crp-fnr family, IHF, furA, IdeR, DtxR and mntR
Touzy, Gaëtan. "Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de la tolérance à la sècheresse et au stress thermique chez le blé tendre (T. Aestivum L.)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC011.
Повний текст джерелаIn a context of climate change, the characterization of wheat varieties in response to drought and heat stress events is one of the major challenges of agriculture. This PhD thesis, resulting from a private-public partnership between Arvalis ‘Institut du Végétal’, Biogemma and INRA (“Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique”), aimed at providing necessary knowledge and tools to identify drought or heat-tolerant varieties and breed for varieties that meet these requirements. Analyses were conducted using a panel of 220 commercial varieties, genotyped with 280K SNP and tested in 35 environments (combination of year, location and water regime) and an experiment under controlled conditions where heat stress was applied during grain filling. The complexity of the study of drought and heat tolerance led us to present this thesis by first separating hydric and thermal stresses, and then to explore a multi-stress analysis method. Even if breeding has improved the performance of varieties under optimal water conditions, we showed that genetic progress must be accelerated and better distributed according to different stress scenarios. We propose several genetic determinants that could allow genetic gain in stressful environments. Our results and methods are discussed in view of the needs for varietal recommendation and improvement. Additional research strategies and methods improvements were also suggested
Macouillard-Poulletier, de Gannes Florence. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de cellules microgliales immortalisées lors de situations de stress thermique et apoptotique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28602.
Повний текст джерелаPernet, Lydia. "Rôle d'HDAC6 et de VCP dans la réponse au stress thermique. Implications dans l'IBMPFD." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV005.
Повний текст джерелаUnder stress, cells activate a defense mechanism named “cellular stress response”. This mechanism prevents especially unfolded proteins accumulation thanks to Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) synthesis through the activation of Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor. HSPs prevent aggregation and help protein refolding. Two partners associated to HSF1, have recently been identified: the molecular chaperone, VCP (Valosin Containing Protein) and the Histone DeACetylase 6 (HDAC6). Our project was to characterize the roles of HDAC6 and VCP in the Heat Shock Response (HSR). We have highlighted a preponderant role for the HDAC6 ubiquitin binding domain in the HSF1 activation time regulation after a heat shock. When HDAC6 can't bind ubiquitin, VCP promotes a rapid HSF1 inactivation preventing HSP25 chaperone transcription. This work also emphasizes a stimulus-dependent stress response. Indeed, we showed that mechanisms activated during the stress response following a heat shock differ from those activated after a proteasome inhibition. Inclusion Body Myopathy, Paget disease of the bone, and Frontotemporal Dementia (IBMPFD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Myopathy is the most common clinical feature of IBMPFD. It is caused by mutations of VCP. Alteration of VCP function leads to the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and to the formation of inclusion bodies thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the pathogenesis of IBMPFD. We have shown that activation of the heat shock stress response in mouse cells VCP deficient mimicking IBMPFD phenotype, results in the decrease of cells with ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Our preliminary results show that HSF1 is not responsible for this decrease unlike HSP90 and HDAC6 that seems to intervene following the stress response activation. This strategy is currently tested on mouse models
Gué, Michelle. "Nature et origine des troubles moteurs gastrointestinaux liés aux stress acoustique et thermique : rôle de la corticolibérine." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30194.
Повний текст джерелаTalbi, Saïd. "Stress thermique et mutagène chez une bactérie du sol résistante aux métaux lourds :Ralstonia eutropha CH34." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211922.
Повний текст джерелаElmnasser, Noura. "Effet de stress technologiques sur la survie de différents modèles bactériens : applications particulières aux stress thermique, osmotique, acide et la lumière pulsée." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2053.
Повний текст джерелаListeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous bacterial species known to be a major hazard in food safety. At first, we have assessed the behaviour of 3 strains of L. Monocytogenes in relation to cold, saline and acid stress in food system and in laboratory conditions. Results of this study indicate that L. Monocytogenes is capable of survival but not growth on the surface of frozen raw salmon for a period of at least 10 months. Nevertheless, freezing is a way of reducing the linked risk Listeria for the seafood products industry. These 3 strains are able to grow in the presence of high concentrations in salt (10 % NaCl) in neutral and acid pH at 37, 25 and 4°C. Then, the effects of broad spectrum pulsed light on the survival of L. Monocytogenes, Ps. Fluorescens and Ph. Phosphoreum populations on agar, in a liquid medium and on food were investigated. The present study clearly demonstrates the potential of pulsed light for bacterial inactivation. Complete inactivation of these bacteria can be achieved within a few microseconds. The microbicidal effect depends on the position of the microbes, so that any shadowing of target cells must be avoided. A solution of DNA was used to demonstrate DNA strand-breaking after pulsed light treatment. The influence of pulsed light treatment on protein components of milk was evaluated by means of spectroscopy ultraviolet, spectrofluorimetry, electrophoresis and HPLC. The pulsed light treatment did not produce any significant changes of protein components
Al, Nukari Atef. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'émetteurs radiofréquences compacts : optimisation des performances par une approche conjuguée thermique-électromagnétisme." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2079.
Повний текст джерелаThe proposed thesis is about the optimization of miniaturized transmitters modules using the potentials of hybrid multi-layer technologies, such as SoP technology. Firstly, we present a brief state of the art of power transmitters and multi-layer technologies. Then, we present method of experimental characterization for the technology that we have chosen. The development of such compact transmitters requires the best management of the thermal problems associated with the integration. Thus it is suitable to develop high efficiency power amplifiers structures. This development takes into account the current and the future constraints imposed by the development of communication and detection systems. This led us to study and to develop Doherty amplifiers. The achieved results on this type of architecture are similar to the actual state of the art in view of the used transistors. The most cumbersome element in current transmitters is the radiator associated with the power transistor. We show that it is possible to eliminate this radiator using a modified antenna integrated into the module. This antenna is thermally active and is connected to the transistor by a heat sink. This heat sink is placed in weak electromagnetic field zone to minimize its impact on the antenna performance. Finally, we study the electrical and thermal behaviour of the passive circuits used in the integrated module, then we show the advantage of SoP technology in building highly compact
Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar. "Modélisation et aide à la décision multicritère du confort thermique en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0081.
Повний текст джерелаUrban areas are the prevalent places of residence for people and are vulnerable to exasperating weather conditions such as heat stress. Periods of heat waves are increasingly reoccurring in the current atmosphere, and they are known to pose a serious and major threat to the health of human beings all over the world. Urban heat islands and heat waves increase thermal risks in urban areas and the vulnerability of the urban population. The increase in the number of heat episodes in urban areas has become a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human health and economic activities. The objective of this work is to identify the sensitivity of thermal comfort and their action variables, the modeling of thermal stress using the most influential meteorological variables, the identification of risk factors and highlight the correlation of meteorological trends and influencing parameters, solutions for mitigating heat stress and mathematical support for decision-making. Several machine and deep learning techniques were used for the system dynamic modeling of the thermal comfort. Optimized results are obtained from the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model which is used for the development of a web simulation tool allowing the inhabitants to evaluate their level of comfort according to the weather conditions. A heat vulnerability index map has been developed to indicate the vulnerability of occupants considering different aspects in a medium-sized city such as planning, green space, density, energy, quality air, water bodies and extreme heat events. The obtained results highlighted that poor air quality and heat events are interrelated, which draws the attention for decision-makers to intervene the additional measures in high-risk places. Field monitoring is carried out using sensors and a thermal camera to measure relevant variables and take action to minimize the effects of heat stress. In Last, multi-criteria decision-making methods were applied for the initial development of a decision support tool for the selection of urban heat resilience interventions that allows flexible, dynamic, and predictive use for designers and the users
Banzet, Nathalie. "Induction partielle de la réponse de choc thermique par les stress oxydants chez la tomate : caractérisation d'une protéine de stress." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10076.
Повний текст джерелаAbdallah, Jad. "Escherichia Coli face aux stress : rôle des chaperons et des protéases." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077065.
Повний текст джерелаMany diseases are caused by protein misfolding or aggregation and the incapacity of the cells to degrade these aggregates. Our work concerns the protein solubilization by chaperones and specific proteases. We are interested, in particular, in the heat shock and acid stress, and the correction of protein aggregation that results from these stresses. In this study, we show that the Hsp31 chaperone displays an aminopeptidase activity that is specific against peptide substrates with alanine or basic amino acids at N-terminus. Furthermore, it seems likely that Hsp31 plays an important physiological function in peptide dégradation, since an Hsp31 -deficient strain accumulates higher amount of peptides than its parental strain. So, besides its chaperone activity, Hsp31 may play an active role in the downstream processing of peptides generated by the ATP-dependent proteases. YhbO has homologs in almost every organism which indicates that it may play a fundamental physiological role. In this study, we show that an yhbO-disrupted mutant is highly sensitive to thermal, oxidative, UV, pH and salt stresses, suggesting that YhbO is required for the protection of bacterial cells against many environmental stresses. We have characterized the HdeB protein as a novel acid stress chaperone. This periplasmic protein is the hdeB gene product, which belongs to the hdeAB operon, HdeA being also an acid stress chaperone. HdeA and HdeB are required for protein solubilization at acidic pHs. Thus, Escherichia coli possesses two acid stress chaperones that prevent periplasmic protein aggregation at mild and strong acidic pHs
Gonzalez, Marquez Humberto. "Réponse au stress acide chez Streptococcus thermophilus : purification, identification et caractérisation d'une protéine surexprimée." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0018_GONZALEZ_MARQUEZ.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChaufour, Sylvain. "Fonctions de la petite protéine de stress humaine lors de traitements par des agents différenciants et chimiothérapeutiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10148.
Повний текст джерелаKoskas, Sivan. "HSF1 promeut la transcription des ARNs non-codants télomériques TERRA et participe à la protection des télomères sous stress thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV052/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn response to metabolic or environmental stress, cells rapidly activate powerful defense mechanisms to prevent the formation and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates. The main orchestrator of this cellular response is HSF1 (Heat Shock Factor 1), a transcription factor involved in the up-regulation of protein-coding genes with protective roles. However, it is now becoming clear, that HSF1 function extends beyond what was previously predicted and that HSF1 can contribute to pericentromeric heterochromatin remodeling and activation as well as to efficiently support malignancy. In this study, we identify subtelomeric DNA as a new genomic target of HSF1 upon heat shock (HS). We show that HSF1 binding to subtelomeric regions plays an essential role in the upregulation of TERRA lncRNAs transcription and in the accumulation of repressive H3K9me3 histone mark at telomeres upon HS. Additionally, we demonstrate that HS significantly affects telomere capping and telomere integrity. We bring evidence of a partial TRF2 telomeric-binding factor dissociation and we reveal an accumulation of DNA damage at telomeres using the DNA damage marker H2A.X-P. In line with this, we bring solid evidences that under heat shock, HSF1 contributes to preserve telomere integrity by significantly limiting telomeric DNA damage accumulation. Altogether, our findings therefore reveal a new direct and essential function of HSF1 in transcription activation of TERRA and in telomere protection upon stress in human cancer cell lines. This work provides new insights into how telomeres are preserved under stressful heat shock conditions and allow us to propose a model where HSF1 may exert its protective function at telomeres via the expression of TERRA ncRNAs. Based on our results and given the important role of HSF1 in tumor development, defining the role of HSF1 with regard to telomere stability in tumor development already emerges as a promising challenge
Serviento, Aira Maye. "Réponses dynamiques des porcs en croissance au stress thermique modulées par la vie prénatale et les pratiques d'alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB360.
Повний текст джерелаHeat stress remains to be one of the major limiting factors in swine production in many countries and this concern will rise in the future especially with increasing global temperature and more frequent heat waves due to warming climate. While decreased growth is mainly related to a reduction in feed intake, other aspects of heat stress in growing pigs have emerged in the recent decades. The thesis thus aims to contribute to the current knowledge with the following objectives: 1) to investigate effect of a chronic prenatal heat challenge on pig’s heat tolerance, 2) to confirm direct and indirect effects of heat exposure on pig performance, 3) to evaluate feeding practices that can help pigs cope to a heat challenge, and 4) to explore the idea of maintaining thermal balance as a dynamic process that varies throughout the day. This thesis project has demonstrated that an imbalance between heat production and loss (heat load) results in reduced growth and in altered energy metabolism, physiological responses, and body composition. This later effect is exacerbated in pigs exposed to a chronic prenatal heat challenge. Improved heat tolerance in pigs was found to depend on their ability to maintain dynamic equilibrium between heat production and losses within a day, especially during and after a meal. Our results also confirmed the importance of water intake in improving evaporative heat losses in the ability of pigs to cope with heat stress. Nutritional management practices linked to modified feeding behavior were evaluated. Live yeast supplementation improved insulin sensitivity, increased heat loss efficiency under heat stress, and modified feeding behavior with positive effects on energy efficiency and protein deposition during a heat challenge
Debard, Virginie. "Les mécanismes de la vulnérabilité à la chaleur : implication des stress systémique et cellulaire." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/20/37/25/PDF/these_definitif_corrigee.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHeat stroke is a serious illness without specific treatment. Heat stroked animals exhibit inflammatory processes accompanied by metabolic imbalance. These impairments take place despite of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) induction and glucocorticoid secretion. The role of Hsp70 mRNA and glucocorticoids in heat tolerance has been analyzed. Vigil animals intolerant to heat present: severe hyperthermia and dehydration, metabolic imbalance, lesser glucocorticoid production, signs of cellular hyperactivation and aggression, activation of inflammatory processes. The Hsp70 mRNA expression depends on the intensity of the stressor and appears, in the chain of causality, as a consequence of the heat aggression. Glucocorticoids are involved in tolerance by reducing local inflammatory processes and favouring the expression of the inhibitory factor κBα (IκBα) mRNA
Gueye, Moctar. "Analyse des écoulements autour d'un obstacle et des instabilités thermiques dans un fluide élastoviscoplastique : modélisation numérique par la MEFPIL et comparaison expérimentale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI057.
Повний текст джерелаIn industrial processes in which yield stress fluids are involved, the sudden transition between solid and fluid states depending on the applied load is a major issue in manyapplications. Additionally, yield stress fluids exhibit other characteristics including their slippage and the existence of elastic deformation below the yield stress.This thesis aims to understand the structure of elasto-viscoplastic fluid flows and, in particular, the parameters affecting flow morphology and applied forces.This research analyses two situations: (1) fluid flows around a plate perpendicular to the flow and (2) Rayleigh Bénard’s instabilities based on numerical modelling with FEMLIP.Firstly, the objective is to identify the effects of plasticity and elasticity using the law of elasto-viscoplastic behaviour, which is an association of Herschel-Bulkley's andMaxwell's models. Moreover, the effects of plasticity and elasticity are compared with available experimental results obtained with a fluid model (Carbopol gel).In this comparison, more complex effects (Shear-thinning, wall slip, the initial state of stress) have been taken into account. The results show a decrease in drag coefficient of the plate when the Oldroyd number (ratio between plastic and viscous effects) becomes predominant. Drag force is also reduced when the Oldroyd number (ratio between plastic and viscous effects) is predominant. The drag coefficient tends towards an asymptotic value which indicates that beyond a certain Oldroyd number, this drag coefficient is not governed by velocity but depends only on yield stress. Drag force increases with elasticity. Besides, the elastic effects are responsible for the dissymmetry that is observed between upstream and downstream the obstacle. The analysis of stress fields allows us to conclude that total drag force is dominated by pressure. Both experimentally and numerically, the influence of an initial state of stress of the material is observed significantly in the area of plastic effect predominant compared to viscous effects. The results obtained with FEMLIP are in the same orders of magnitude that the ones provided by the experiments. In Rayleigh Bénard's case of convection, for a purely viscoplastic fluid thus no elastic effect, the Nusselt number and the velocity norm decrease with an increasing plastic effect therefore the Bingham number (Bn). Beyond a critical value of the Bingham number Bnc (Bnc=1.7), the heat transfer is purely conductive one (Nu = 1). Therefore, elasticity plays a destabilizing role and leads to an enhancement of the convection strength as well as heat transfer via the mean Nusselt number (Nu = 1).Consequently, the size of the yielded regions increases with elasticity. In addition, an increase in the field of the second invariant of the stress tensor in the center of the cavity is shown with increasing Wi. Furthermore, we notice that the first difference of the normal components is the main responsible for the shape of the unyielded regions. The highest values of normal stresses are obtained in the area of recirculation of the fluid (vortex), indicating significant elastic effects. Kinematic, temperature and stress field, shape and size of yielded and unyielded zones investigations allowed to better understand the local phenomena for the same ratio of yield stress effects to buoyancy effects, leading for the slippage case to a distinct convective transfer and for the adherent case to a conductive transfer. The convective onset criteria are in the same orders of magnitude both in sliding and adherent conditions in comparison with experiments
Bruey, Jean-Marie. "Rôle de la petite protéine de stress HSP27 dans l'apopotose et la tumorigénèse." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOMU01.
Повний текст джерела[Pas de résumé en anglais]
Rousseau, Sylvain. "Développement du procédé de purification du silicium par plasma thermique RF : mécanisme d’élimination des impuretés : effet simultané de la polarisation électrique du silicium liquide et de la composition du plasma." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066547.
Повний текст джерелаThierry, Julien. "Impact des arbres d’alignement sur le microclimat et le stress thermique humain en ville : effet des vagues de chaleur et des sécheresses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NSARD108.
Повний текст джерелаCities are characterized by an urban overheating which, combined to more frequent and intense heatwaves caused by climate change, expose the city dwellers to an increasing human thermal stress. Street trees may partially mitigate overheating by means of cast shadows and transpiration, two processes which may depend on their morphological and physiological characteristics. At the same time, periods of severe water shortage are multiplying and the ability of street trees to thrive and maintain significant cooling benefits under heat and drought conditions is crucial. In order to improve the understanding of the factors influencing tree climatic benefits, a methodology based on the monitoring of the interactions along the soil-tree atmospherecontinuum in two complementary experimental facilities was developed. On the one hand, a 1/5 scale canyon street, partially planted with young potted drip-irrigated ornamental apple trees (Malus Coccinella® ‘Courtarou’) located in Angers, France was monitored to quantify the effect of street trees experiencing different water supplies on the microclimate. On the other hand, an in-situ monitoring of the microclimate inside and outside the canopy for 36 mature street trees from 9 different tree species located in 5 sites in Paris, France, was performed. On the basis of a detailed cross-analysis of these two experimental facilities, an integrated assessment of the street trees climatic benefits was proposed to explore the sources of variability of the climatic benefits provided by trees and help stakeholders understand the relationship between drought resistance and human thermal stress mitigation for different tree species
Masson, Florent Le. "Caractérisation des facteurs HSF1 et HSF2 en tant que facteur maternel et régulateur de la réponse au stress." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30277.
Повний текст джерелаDuring my PhD, I studied heat shock factors HSFs and their functions during development. My thesis project included two main parts. The first one was aimed to identify HSF1 dependent target genes, and the second part investigated the functions of HSF1 and HSF2 during early development. First, we sought to identify HSF1 target genes by a transcriptome analysis to further characterize its maternal function in mouse oocyte. Among the genes regulated by HSF1, we observed an enrichment of genes involved in the cohesion of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids and we observed the presence of HSF1 on the promoter of 4 of these genes: Stag2, Stag3, Syce1 and Msh4. Then, we demonstrated that the lower expression of these genes in Hsf1-/- oocytes led to defects in prophase I progression and early segregation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I. Taken together, these data show that HSF1 helps to coordinate the dynamics of chromosomes during female meiosis in mammals. The second part of my project was about the functions performed by HSF1 and HSF2 during early development. Using several mouse transgenic and knockout lines, we showed that HSF1 and HSF2 play a role in the activation of zygotic Hsp70. 1 and that HSF2 takes part to the heat shock response at the blastocyst stage
Lecomte, Sylvain. "Implication des facteurs de choc thermique HSF1 et HSF2 dans la réponse à l'inhibition du protéasome." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S059.
Повний текст джерелаCells of a tissue are subject to changes in their environment that can disrupt their balance and to cause stress. To defend themselves, the cells are equipped with adaptive mechanisms specific to the type of affected components (lipids, nucleic acids, proteins). This work focused on proteotoxic stress caused by proteasome inhibition. The established answer is characterized by an overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which is dependent on a transcriptional event involving transcription factors HSF. This work has focused on the role of HSF1 and HSF2 in response to proteasome inhibition. We have shown that HSF1 is essential for the induction of Hsps whereas HSF2 mediate proteasome subunit expressions. Moreover, data obtained have show that HSF2 isoforms have opposite roles in transcriptional activity of HSF1 and the relative amount of these two isoforms is regulated by proteasome inhibition. Proteasome is a target in the fight against cancer and treatments targeting it exist. However cancers are resistant and development of inhibitors of HSF2 could be a valuable approach to increase the therapeutic effect of these drugs
Dupuis, Isabelle. "Fécondation in vitro chez le maïs : étude de la réceptivité femelle et des stress thermiques." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10079.
Повний текст джерелаBrouillet, Audrey. "Évolution des extrêmes de température et de stress thermique au 21ème siècle : cooccurrence, vitesses relatives et implications sur la perception du réchauffement climatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV015.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to climate models, observed global warming will intensify during the 21st century due to the increase of greenhouse gas concentrations. This warming will be more readily perceived by human populations if it occurs rapidly and if it induces a thermal heat stress on the human body. This thesis proposes to study global warming through different indicators allowing us to provide a first assessment of the possible human perception of climate change. We focus on extreme values, which are particularly felt by people compared to the mean climate. In the first part, we analyse the effect of relative humidity variations on the occurrence and future changes in heat stress extremes, since this effect is often overlooked due to the major role played by temperature in heat stress variations. The second part investigates which populations will perceive the fastest and/or the most severe intensification of extremes, by using a moving baseline approach to analyse the warming speed. A set of 12 CMIP5 general circulation models is used to analyse the evolution of extremes between 1959 and 2100.Under the highest greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP8.5), relative humidity is projected to decrease over land, particularly in Europe and Amazonia. This drying enhances the increase of temperature extremes, but dampens the intensification of heat stress extremes. In a theoretical future in which temperature would increase without any humidity changes, the heat stress intensification would be 20 to 100 % higher in Europe and Amazonia respectively. According to international health recommendations, this moderating effect strongly reduces risks for population in Europe, but does not prevent risks in Amazonia, where the highest danger thresholds are simulated and observed to be reached before 2020. Moreover, an examination of seasonal cycles shows that temperature and heat stress extremes annually co-occur in mid-latitudes, but are time-lagged within the tropics. This time-lag results from the important role played by the relative humidity, especially in regions where the future maximum heat stress intensification is projected, such as the Sahel, Arabia or Amazonia. This result suggests that temperature and heat stress should be considered as two consecutive and additional extremes when studying annual climate impacts on population within these regions.We define the speed of change for each year of the period as a difference between two successive 20-year periods, one immediately preceding the year in question and one immediately after it (i.e. with a moving baseline). According to CMIP5 models, the change of temperature and heat stress extremes will be twice as fast in the future compared to the current speed of change in the mid-latitudes, and by up to four times faster in regions such as Amazonia. A larger acceleration is thus shown within the tropics compared to the mid-latitudes, but this acceleration is similar for both temperature and heat stress changes. However, in tropical regions, by 2080 this speed is projected to be 2.3 times larger than the recently experienced year-to-year variability for heat stress extremes, but only 1.5 to 1.8 times larger for temperature. We thus show that 36% of the total world population will experience a rapid and severe increase of heat stress extremes in 2080, but only 15% of the population for temperature extremes. According to future projections, the accelerated warming of future heat extremes will be more felt by populations than current changes, and this perceived change will be more severe for heat stress than for temperature, particularly in the tropics
Le, Sciellour Hazon Mathilde. "Microbiote intestinal chez le porc, facteurs de variation et relations avecles performances des animaux." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARB323.
Повний текст джерелаImproving feed efficiency (FE) is a major preoccupation for pig production. The FE is a complex trait dealing with lots of functions in pig. The intestinal microbiota is known to play a key role in host metabolism and health with subsequent impact on its performance. The PhD program aimed at studying the modifications of the intestinal microbiota composition on pigs exposed to several environmental perturbations and to evaluate the relationships between digestive microbiota composition and the host performance. Data from three experimental studies conducted on growing-finishing pigs (60 to 1.200 depending on the study) which were exposed to different perturbations [high fiber diet, diet contaminated by mycotoxin (DON), or exposed to acute or chronic heat stress] have been used. The microbiota analysis was based on fecal samples collected before and after the perturbations. Phenotypes directly or indirectly related to FE were measured to evaluate and to quantifythe relationships between the host performance and its microbiota. A detailed bioinformatic and statistical analysis of the microbial data demonstrated that the environmental perturbations affect the fecal microbiota composition but these effects were generally transient. Depending on the nature of the challenge (standard or high fiber diet, exposition to a chronic or acute heat stress, or DON-contaminated diet), the impact on fecal microbiota composition seemed to differ. In this PhD program, the relative abundance of the OTU does not allow to implement quantitative prediction models of pig performance. Functional
Sandre, Caroline. "Modifications du statut en oligoéléments (Se, Zn, Cu, Cr) et évolution du stress oxydant en réponse à l'agression thermique : étude expérimentale chez l'animal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE18007.
Повний текст джерелаDespite crucial role of trace elements in functions disturbed by thermal aggression (immunity, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin system) and enhanced deficits, burned patient supplementation with trace elements keeps always restricted and unsettled. We used an animal experimental model to study Zn, Cu, Se and Cr status modifications since the first hours after burn injury and relation with oxidative stress and glucose/insulin system markers. Zn, Se and Cr status are impaired. The brain is protected, liver and muscle are deficit target tissues. Selenium status is the earliest modified, and if Se supplementation can restore it, it is not sufficient in correcting oxidative stress induced according to burn size. Other micronutrients, vitamin E, Zn and Cr seem involved. Our results suggest that burned patient supplementation has to be early started and to combine several micronutrients
Kaewlamun, Winai. "EFFETS D'UN STRESS THERMIQUE ET D'UNE SUPPLEMENTATION EN BETA-CAROTENE SUR LES PERFORMANCES DE REPRODUCTION POST-PARTUM DE VACHES LAITIERES." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583697.
Повний текст джерелаDubousquet, Vaimiti. "Diversité génétique du bénitier (Tridacna maxima) en Polynésie française et réponse au stress thermique : une approche intégrée de génomique fonctionnelle." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаGiant clams are endangered species but Tridacna maxima is still well represented in French Polynesia. Firstly, the genetic structure assessment has led to the discovery of a monophyletic group composed of two new T. maxima clades in French Polynesia which cohabite over a large area with a North-West South-East axis on either side of which, one of each clade is dominant: “North Mapiko” (Tuamotu group) and “South Mapiko” (other archipelagos group). Interconnectivity between different island giant clam populations is not consistent with the present flow of oceanic currents. These results, along with those obtained for Tongian and Fidjian samples, allowed us to suggest hypothesis regarding the giant clam colonization of French Polynesia and the factors which may have influenced the present connectivity. French Polynesian T. maxima was found to have a lower genetic diversity compared to those from Indo-Pacific region, and so considered to be relatively more vulnerable to environmental global changes. Stress adaptation capacity of giant clam was assessed by the follow-up of the metabolite composition and gene expression variations during a thermal time course experiment. Giant clam fatty acid composition was established for the first time and its variation was evaluated along the stress experiment. Impact of the thermal stress on the metabolite composition and gene expression were disclosed. Variation in fatty acids compositions was observed and linked to variation in some specific gene expression. Impact of giant clam proximity with corals and impact of a second supplementary applied stress were also assessed. Study of Symbiodinium symbiosis with giant clam showed that giant clam resistance and adaptation capacity observed for 15 days was independent of symbiotic community behavior. Key words : Tridacna maxima, giant clam, French Polynesia, genetic diversity, thermal stress, integrative approach, transcriptomic, metabolomic, Symbiodinium
Boukadida, Ammar Khouloud. "Etude des réponses de la moule Mytilus spp exposée à des stress métallique et thermique durant les stades embryo-larvaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0571/document.
Повний текст джерелаCoastal marine ecosystems are subject to anthropogenic and natural pressures that place aquatic organisms in multi-stress situations. The aim of this doctoral work was to assess the impact and better understand the adaptation mechanisms of mussel early life stages exposed to two major environmental factors : metallic pollution and increasing temperatures in coastal marine waters. The effects induced by exposure to two model metal pollutants (Cu and Ag) and moderatethermal stress alone or in combination were evaluated on the early life stages of development of two mussel species : Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus edulisas well as their hybrids. Our results show a significant increase in the percentageof malformed D-larvae with increasing temperature. Moreover, Ag is significantly more toxic than Cu for larvae. In addition, the toxicity of metals increases with increasing temperature. Co-exposure to metals and a moderate temperature increases the antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and increases cellular content of metallothioneinsand lipid peroxidation. At a higher temperature of 22 °C, a significant decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes is observed. DNA damage in M. galloprovincialis larvae was evaluated using the comet assay with and without Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase treatment. Co-exposure to metals and/ortemperature increase significantly increased DNA lesions on mussel larvae, witha more pronounced effect on oxidative damage. It has also been shown that Cuand Ag are accumulated differently in the larvae as a function of the exposure temperature. The study of the gene expression by RT-qPCR of 18 genes involvedin antioxidant defenses, DNA repair, apoptosis, proteolysis, transcription, thermal stress and metal detoxification was conducted in D-larvae of M. galloprovincialis.Under moderate thermal stress, a tendency of over expression of the cell defense pathways is observed. However, in the case of metallic and thermal co-expositions, the pathways of apoptosis and cellular alteration are rather induced. A pluginand macro were developed for the evaluation and characterization of behavior oflarvae of M. galloprovincialis. A significant increase in the maximum speed of D larvaewith increasing temperature is observed without affecting the mean velocity. In contrast, exposure to Cu and Ag at 22 °C significantly increases average and maximum larval speed. Under controlled conditions at 18 °C, larvae mainly follow rectilinear trajectories (88 %). With increasing temperature and/or exposure to metals, circular trajectories increase considerably at the expense of rectilinear trajectories. These changes in behavior may be related to the induction of malformations but also to the modulation of neuronal activity. Thus, a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the larvae is observed following exposure to a temperature gradient and/or metals. Viable and normally developed D-larvae were obtained by hybridization of M. galloprovincialis and M.edulis. Larvae of M. edulis are more sensitive to temperature than larvae of M. galloprovincialis.No significant sensitivity differences between species are observed whatever the metal used. Moreover, the hybrid larvae from female M. galloprovincialis are more tolerant to the increase of temperature compared to the hybrid larvae issues from rom female of M. edulis
Guerlava, Patrick. "Réponses physiologiques aux stress thermiques et à l'addition de nisine de clostridium perfringens de type A." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1056.
Повний текст джерелаClostridium perfringens NCTC 8798 type A is a human pathogen involved in food spoilage. Dense resting cells suspensions have been treated with a heat shock (50°C), with a cold shock (4°C) and with a nisin addition, the only bacteriocin officialy recognized as GRAS. Influence of these treatments on cell homeostasis bas been determined by measurement of internaI concentration of potassium and sodium, cell volume (Vi), internaI pH (pHi) and membrane potential (ΔΨ). K+ concentration is very high (250 mM) in Clostridium perfringens, and could be used as a means of indirect determination of cell damages. In all treatments, large leaks of potassium were observed, but efflux rate and mechanisms involved in these movements were different. Leaks of K+ were principally associated to cell death during the heat shock. The cold shock induced a rapid K+ efflux which could be compared to mechanisms observed for other bacteria during hypoosmotic physiological response. K+ movements during the cold shock did not induce intracellular volume change or cytoplasm acidification, and stationary phase cells viability was not affected by low temperatures. After nisin addition, leaks of K+ from Clostridium perfringens cell suspensions, were very fast (less than 5 minutes) and were followed by leaks of ATP and proteins. These leaks resulted from cell damages and were associated with cell death. A nisin concentration of 200 IU/ml reduced an initial population from 99. 9%, after one hour of contact. If a pH dissipation was observed after nisin addition, no dissipation of the membrane potential was measured with the methods used. Influence of a preliminary stabilization process on the efficacy of nisin bas been investigated. We showed that nisin effect on Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells was not modified by addition of NaCI or NaNO2. At contrast, nisin efficacy was pH and temperature dependent
Artigaud, Sébastien. "Approche intégrative de la réponse d'un organisme marin face au changement climatique : la coquille Saint-Jacques Pecten maximus et les stress thermique et hypoxique." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0078/document.
Повний текст джерелаCoasts are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to the ongoing global changes, which result in increased water temperatures and frequencies of hypoxic episodes. The great scallop, Pecten maximus, is a subtidal species living at depths of 2-210 m. In spite of its commercial and major ecological values, only few studies at the molecular level were performed on this species. This thesis aimed at characterizing the molecular mechanisms implied in acclimation of this species to thermal and hypoxia stresses. We first characterized the changes of expression of the genes / proteins in response to a long-term thermal stress (56 days), by using both a transcriptomic- (RNAseq) and a proteomic- (2-DE based) approaches, in the mantle tissue of scallops. This allowed us to identify key regulatory pathways (eg., AP-1), the major functions (eg., cytoskeleton) and processes (eg., apoptosis) involved in the response, but also to observe the main orientations of metabolism (eg., degradation of lipid reserves). The response of organisms to hypoxia depends on how they cope with low oxygen availability. Therefore, we first carried out a comparative approach with an intertidal species, the mussel (Mytilus spp.) to characterize the physiological response of P. maximus to hypoxia. Of note, we could determine its oxyregulatory parameters, particularly its critical point in 02 (Pc02). Then, coupling the effects of temperature and of hypoxia, we developed a proteomic approach that allowed us to identify several proteins (CK2, GLN, etc.) potentially involved in the response at the molecular level. Finally, in an effort to better understand the particular physiology of these mollusks in their natural environment, we compared the proteomic signatures of two populations of P. maximus living in highly contrasted ecosystems, ie in the northern limit- (Norway) and the center- (Brest) of the biogeographical distribution of this species. The results suggest major differences between the two populations, especially at the cytoskeleton level. In all, this work opens new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the adaptation of mollusks to heat and hypoxia, two stresses that will most probably greatly influence the lifestyle of marine organisms and populations in future years
Brener-Raffalli, Kelly. "Dynamique de l’holobionte corallien et plasticité transcriptomique : variabilité interindividuelle, interpopulationnelle et interspécifique." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0056/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of global warming, coral reefs are experiencing thermal stresses which are becoming more frequent and intense. In order to get a better understanding of the mechanisms of coral thermotolerance, I developed an integrative approach on the coral holobiont (meta organism composed of the coral host, its symbiotic algae and microbiota). For this, I performed an ecologically realistic thermal stress experiment on a coral species, Pocillopora damicornis. This species is widespread in the IndoPacific area. I compared the response of two populations whose thermotolerance is different since they are subjected to contrasting thermal regimes. I analyzed, for each of them, the response of the coral host (by RNAseq), as well as the structure and changes in the algal and bacterial microbiota (by metabarcoding). The results show that,while the structure of the microbiota is not influenced by stress, coral responds very differently depending on the population studied. The population from a more fluctuating environment displays a more effective and more plastic response, probably thanks to the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Another study carried out on different populations of P. damicornisshowed that the composition of the microbiota is influenced by the host genome and the thermal regime. One of the clades of the symbiotic algae, known to improve the heattolerance of the coral host, appears more sensitive to low temperatures than the others
Preville, Xavier. "Fonction protectrice des protéines de stress de faible poids moléculaire : relations avec le glutathion et son métabolisme." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10033.
Повний текст джерелаMoulineau, Claire. "Le stress hydrique chez le mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L. ) R. Br. ) : caractérisation et recherche de marqueur moléculaire." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20065.
Повний текст джерелаGatard, Emmanuel. "Analyse des phénomènes physiques dans les diodes p-i-n : contribution à la modélisation électrothermique pour les applications de puissance RF et hyperfréquences." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0b9b8206-a9ad-4e98-8108-afdd5506fda2/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0065.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаP-I-N diodes are widely used in active, passive microwave applications including phase shifters, switches, attenuators and limiters. An accurate prediction of electrical behavior, reliability and thermal management of semiconductor power devices goes through the coupling of thermal models with electrical models. Conventional p-i-n diode models at microwave frequencies are simply current controlled resistance without nonlinear effect and temperature dependence. In this context, the diode electrical behavior was largely studied thanks to physics-based simulations. Thus, a nonlinear electrical model was developed in forward as in reverse bias operation and implemented in a commercial circuit simulator. A nonlinear thermal reduced model of the diode was also developed from a 3D finite element description and implemented in a circuit simulator. Finally, a nonlinear electrothermal p-i-n diode model was proposed and successfully validated with small and large signal measurements. The developed model was used to enable the simulation of high power S band limiters
Croizier, Guillaume. "Modélisation, réalisation et test de MEMS RF capacitif de puissance à base de dépôt diélectrique par ALD pour la conception de commutateur pour applications RADAR." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10210.
Повний текст джерелаRF MEMS are key components to improve the efficiency and size of numerous functions of microwave systems (Phase shifter, transmission/reception module, antennas array, reconfigurable systems, impedance matching…). To develop the next generation of RADAR systems, Thales takes special interest in the integration of capacitive RF MEMS devices to demonstrate reconfigurable functions with power handling capabilities up to 30 W. The work reported in this thesis did focus on the study of dielectric materials and deposition techniques to identify, integrate and demonstrate the advantages of promising dielectrics for capacitive RF MEMS power handling. The components fabrication aspects have also been studied, especially the impact of surface state quality on performances, power handling and devices failure mechanisms. Furthermore, this work did point out that with the integration of ALD material, power handling of capacitive RF MEMS is no longer limited by the capacitance dielectric. Furthermore, with the integration of ALD material the components design become the limiting factor for power handling, particularly the membrane thickness and the switch configuration. To open new prospects, several designs have been developed and studied to address these power handling limitations
Laurin, Émilie. "Étude de divers systèmes de refroidissement applicables aux asperges et aux fraises ayant subi un stress thermique lors du transport aérien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62077.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMercade, Myriam. "Analyse métabolique et énergétique de Lactobacillus bulgaricus sous contrainte d'extrèmophilie industrielle." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0003.
Повний текст джерелаPaul, Catherine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires à la base des fonctions anti-apoptotique et tumorigénique de la petite protéine de stress Hsp27." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10101.
Повний текст джерелаAuzon-Cape, Maxime. "Étude des voies de régulation de la méthylation de l’ADN et du relâchement du silencing après choc thermique chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC108/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Arabidopsis thaliana, transcriptional silencing is associated with histone tail post-translational modifications and cytosine modifications in CG, CHG and CHH contexts (where H can be indifferently T, A or C). Numerous independent pathways lead to DNA methylation in all contexts through méthyltransférases. Conversely, the DNA demethylase ROS1 “prunes” methylation profiles and prevents genome hypermethylation. Interestingly, several mutants which are involved in DNA methylation pathways present a decrease in ROS1 gene expression, what reveals the existence of a negative feedback loop between DNA methylation and demethylation pathways. A genetic screening was carried out in order to find a ROS1 regulator. To do this, pROS1:GUS line, which carries the glucuronidase reporter gene under ROS1 promoter, was used. In the nrpd1a-4 mutant, ROS1 and glucuronidase genes are underexpressed. The screen consisted to find a mutant which release glucuronidase and ROS1 gene expression in nrpd1a-4 mutant background. Six mutants presented a higher expression of the glucuronidase than the pROS1:GUS control in nrpd1a-4 background. However, unlike what it was expected, endogene ROS1 expression is even lower than what we have for pROS1:GUS in nrpd1a-4 background.In view of these results, the thesis was redirected toward the study of the silencing circumvention pathway of the repeated elements. Indeed, when heat stress at 37°C during 24h is applied, a release of silencing is observed for repeated elements. Nevertheless, no known epigenetic modifications seem to be involved. To study this phenomenon, we used a L5 line. Its transgene is silenced in standard conditions. Because L5 construct is composed by several glucuronidase repetitions under 35S promoter, it is considered as any other repeated elements and, for this reason, it is also expressed after heat stress. The team performed a genetic screen on this line and found 3-1S, a mutant which is deficient in the release of silencing at 37°C. On the one hand, we demonstrated that 3-1S phenotype is due to a mutation in RH35 DEAD box RNA helicase. On the other hand, our results revealed that RH35 gene is expressed at 37°C and its protein is relocated in heat stress conditions. In fact, RH35 would be involved more globally in RNA metabolism and would play a role in heat and salt stress
Michel, Virginie. "Les mécanismes de la vulnérabilité à la chaleur : implication des stress systémique et cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203725.
Повний текст джерелаJonca, Nathalie. "Étude comparative de la réponse au stress de fibroblastes de souris NIH 3T3 normaux et transformés par différents oncogènes." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10302.
Повний текст джерелаMiozzo, Federico. "Perturbation des DNA methyltransferases et leur dialogue avec la voie de réponse au stress dans des systèmes neuronaux exposés." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077097.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Duc Hung. "Caractérisation et expression de nouveaux éléments génétiques transposables de la superfamille Tcl-Mariner chez la microalgue marine Amphora acutiuscula (Bacillariophyta)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1013/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransposable elements (TE) are DNA sequences able to move in all genomes depending on conditions. TE have different structures and transposition mechanisms. Tc1-mariner elements are ubiquist ; when they are active, they produce a transposase which cuts and inserts the element into another locus. Fragments of mariner-like elements (MLE) hadpreviously been identified in the marine diatom Amphora acutiuscula and they seemed active under thermal stress. Diatoms are characterized by a siliceous ornamented cell wall and, in the ocean, they play a major role in trophic networks.In this work, with biomolecular and bioinformatic methods, we have searched for and characterized full length MLE, and precised their activity under thermal and metal (copper and zinc) stresses. The analyse of the DNA sequences obtained highlighted that MLE in diatoms are particular and that they encode a transposase which has a DD43D catalytic triad neverso far depicted. The phylogenetic analyse arranged diatom MLE in a subfamily different and close to that of plant MLE. Among the numerous MLE copies present in the genome of A.acutiuscula, some were expressed when the microalga was put at a lower temperature than the culture temperature for 2 to 5 hours. Conversely, metal stresses we applied did notinduce MLE expression in this species
Pepin, Elsa. "Étude des conséquences d'un stress hyperthermique sur l'appretement et la présentation des antigènes." Grenoble 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10042.
Повний текст джерелаBrerro-Saby, Christelle. "Espèces réactives de l'oxygène et contrôle sensorimoteur musculaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20691.
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