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Статті в журналах з теми ""street physics""

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Sandhyavitri, Ari, Agru Maulana, Muhammad Ikhsan, Agus Ika Putra, Rizki Ramadhan Husaini, and Fajar Restuhadi. "Simulation Modelling of Traffic Flows in the Central Business District Using PTV Vissim in Pekanbaru, Indonesia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012096.

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Abstract The state of art simulation modelling in managing traffic flow within a busy central business district (CBD) is demonstrated in this article. The objectives of this article were to; identify the existing condition of the street V/C ratios within the CBD area, and to develop various simulations modelling. The development of microscopic traffic simulations encompassing 5 streets within the CBD area in Pekanbaru, Indonesia using the PTV Vissim application was performed as a case study. The existing conditions of these 5 streets were very busy (Level of Service C and D) with on-street parking and on-street traders (vendors) along the streets. Several simulations model based on 4 traffic management approaches were applied; (i) controlling on street traders (vendors) activity, (ii) controlling parking lots, and (iii) changing the on-street parking angle and (iv) combination of these approaches. The simulation results have indicated that the optimum simulation modelling in managing CBD traffic flow within these 5 streets was conducted by managing the on-street parking angle at the position of 300 as well as controlling on street traders activity. Hence, by conducting simulations using this application improved the streets Level of services (LOS) within this CBD area from D (0,75<VC<0,84) to C (0.45<VC<0.74).

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2

Kuchment, Anna. "The Physics of Wall Street." Scientific American 308, no. 1 (December 18, 2012): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0113-76b.

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3

HU, J. C., and Y. ZHOU. "Flow structure behind two staggered circular cylinders. Part 2. Heat and momentum transport." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 607 (June 30, 2008): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200800181x.

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This work aims to study flow structures, heat and momentum transport in the wake of two staggered circular cylinders. In order to characterize heat transport in the flow, both cylinders were slightly heated so that heat generated could be treated as a passive scalar. The velocity and temperature fluctuations were simultaneously measured by traversing a three-wire (one cross-wire plus one cold wire) probe across the wake, along with a fixed cross-wire, which acted to provide a reference signal. Four distinct flow structures, i.e. two single-street modes (S-I and S-II) and two twin-street modes (T-I and T-II), are identified based on the phase-averaged vorticity contours, sectional streamlines, and their entrainment characteristics. Mode S-I is characterized by a vortex street approximately antisymmetric about the centreline. This mode is further divided into S-Ia and S-Ib, which differ greatly in the strength of vortices. The vortex street of Mode S-II is significantly asymmetric about the centreline, the strenth of vortices near the downstream cylinder exceeding by 50% that on the other side. Mode T-I consists of two alternately arranged vortex streets; the downstream-cylinder-generated street is significantly stronger than that generated by the upstream cylinder. In contrast, Mode T-II displays two streets approximately antisymmetrical about the wake centreline. Free-stream fluid is almost equally entrained from either side into the wake in Modes S-Ia and T-II, but largely entrained from the downstream cylinder side in Modes S-II and T-I. The entrainment motion in Mode S-Ib is very weak owing to the very weak vortex strength. Vortices decay considerably more rapidly in the twin-street modes, under vigorous interactions between the streets, than in the single-street modes. This rapid decay is particularly evident for the inner vortices near the wake centreline in Modes T-II and T-I. Other than flow structures, heat and momentum transport characteristics are examined in detail. Their possible connection to the initial conditions is also discussed.

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4

Banks, Michael. "Belfast street named after physics giant." Physics World 28, no. 4 (April 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/28/4/12.

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5

Barber, Michael N., and Paul G. McCormick. "Robert Street 1920–2013." Historical Records of Australian Science 27, no. 2 (2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15013.

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Following wartime work on radar and a University of London PhD awarded for measurement of absolute power, Bob Street developed his interest in low-temperature magnetism in solids while on the staff at Sheffield University. In 1960 he became Foundation Professor of Physics at Monash University where he built a department with strong capabilities in solid state physics. His own research continued at Monash but was put aside when he became Director of the Research School of Physical Sciences at the Australian National University (1973–7) and then Vice-Chancellor at the University of Western Australia (1978–86). Although the ANU experience was not a happy one, he flourished at UWA where his initiatives and strategic thinking laid the groundwork for advancement of the university. Street had kept up with advances in his research field and upon retirement he went back to it with notable success in publication, supervision of research students, acquisition of research grants and fruitful collaborations. He is fondly remembered as a first class physicist with a passion for cricket.

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6

Kang, Bumjoon, Sangwon Lee, and Shengyuan Zou. "Developing Sidewalk Inventory Data Using Street View Images." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 3300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093300.

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(1) Background: Public sidewalk GIS data are essential for smart city development. We developed an automated street-level sidewalk detection method with image-processing Google Street View data. (2) Methods: Street view images were processed to produce graph-based segmentations. Image segment regions were manually labeled and a random forest classifier was established. We used multiple aggregation steps to determine street-level sidewalk presence. (3) Results: In total, 2438 GSV street images and 78,255 segmented image regions were examined. The image-level sidewalk classifier had an 87% accuracy rate. The street-level sidewalk classifier performed with nearly 95% accuracy in most streets in the study area. (4) Conclusions: Highly accurate street-level sidewalk GIS data can be successfully developed using street view images.

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7

HU, J. C., and Y. ZHOU. "Flow structure behind two staggered circular cylinders. Part 1. Downstream evolution and classification." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 607 (June 30, 2008): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008001808.

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Flow structures, Strouhal numbers and their downstream evolutions in the wake of two-staggered circular cylinders are investigated at Re=7000 using hot-wire, flow-visualization and particle-image velocimetry techniques. The cylinder centre-to-centre pitch, P, ranges from 1.2d to 4.0d (d is the cylinder diameter) and the angle (α) between the incident flow and the line through the cylinder centres is 0° ~ 90°. Four distinct flow structures are identified at x/d ≥ 10 (x is the downstream distance from the mid-point between the cylinders), i.e. two single-street modes (S-I and S-II) and two twin-street modes (T-I and T-II), based on Strouhal numbers, flow topology and their downstream evolution. Mode S-I is further divided into two different types, i.e. S-Ia and S-Ib, in view of their distinct vortex strengths. Mode S-Ia occurs at P/d ≤ 1.2. The pair of cylinders behaves like one single body, and shear layers separated from the free-stream sides of the cylinders roll up, forming one street of alternately arranged vortices. The street is comparable to that behind an isolated cylinder in terms of the topology and strength of vortices. Mode S-Ib occurs at α ≤ 10° and P/d > 1.5. Shear layers separated from the upstream cylinder reattach on or roll up to form vortices before reaching the downstream cylinder, resulting in postponed flow separation from the downstream cylinder. A single vortex street thus formed is characterized by significantly weakened vortices, compared with Mode S-Ia. Mode S-II is identified at P/d=1.2~2.5 and α>20° or 1.5≤P/d≤4.0 and 10° < α≤20°, where both cylinders generate vortices, with vortex shedding from the upstream cylinder at a much higher frequency than from the downstream, producing two streets of different widths and vortex strengths at x/d≤5.0. The two streets interact vigorously, resulting in a single street of the lower-frequency vortices at x/d≥10. The vortices generated by the downstream cylinder are significantly stronger than those, originating from the upstream cylinder, in the other row. Mode T-I occurs at P/d≥2.5 and α=20°~88°; the two cylinders produce two streets of different vortex strengths and frequencies, both persisting beyond x/d=10. At P/d≥2.5 and α≥88°, the two cylinders generate two coupled streets, mostly anti-phased, of the same vortex strength and frequency (St≈0.21), which is referred to as Mode T-II. The connection of the four modes with their distinct initial conditions, i.e. interactions between shear layers around the two cylinders, is discussed.

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8

GODOY-DIANA, RAMIRO, CATHERINE MARAIS, JEAN-LUC AIDER, and JOSÉ EDUARDO WESFREID. "A model for the symmetry breaking of the reverse Bénard–von Kármán vortex street produced by a flapping foil." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 622 (March 10, 2009): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008005727.

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The vortex streets produced by a flapping foil of span to chord aspect ratio of 4:1 are studied in a hydrodynamic tunnel experiment. In particular, the mechanisms giving rise to the symmetry breaking of the reverse Bénard–von Kármán (BvK) vortex street that characterizes fishlike swimming and forward flapping flight are examined. Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in the midplane perpendicular to the span axis of the foil are used to characterize the different flow regimes. The deflection angle of the mean jet flow with respect to the horizontal observed in the average velocity field is used as a measure of the asymmetry of the vortex street. Time series of the vorticity field are used to calculate the advection velocity of the vortices with respect to the free stream, defined as the phase velocity Uphase, as well as the circulation Γ of each vortex and the spacing ξ between consecutive vortices in the near wake. The observation that the symmetry-breaking results from the formation of a dipolar structure from each couple of counter-rotating vortices shed on each flapping period serves as the starting point to build a model for the symmetry-breaking threshold. A symmetry-breaking criterion based on the relation between the phase velocity of the vortex street and an idealized self-advection velocity of two consecutive counter-rotating vortices in the near wake is established. The predicted threshold for symmetry breaking accounts well for the deflected wake regimes observed in the present experiments and may be useful to explain other experimental and numerical observations of similar deflected propulsive vortex streets reported in the literature.

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9

Dynnikova, G. Ya, Ya A. Dynnikov, and S. V. Guvernyuk. "Mechanism underlying Kármán vortex street breakdown preceding secondary vortex street formation." Physics of Fluids 28, no. 5 (May 2016): 054101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947449.

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10

Chiao, May. "Herd on the street." Nature Physics 6, no. 3 (March 2010): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1617.

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11

Noto, Katsuhisa. "Cooled Vortex Street Characteristics." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 57, no. 1 (January 25, 2010): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407780903529340.

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12

Moreno, Ivan, Maximino Avendaño-Alejo, Tonatiuh Saucedo-A, and Alejandra Bugarin. "Modeling LED street lighting." Applied Optics 53, no. 20 (July 3, 2014): 4420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.004420.

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13

O'NEIL, KEVIN A. "Continuous parametric families of stationary and translating periodic point vortex configurations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 591 (October 30, 2007): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007008294.

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The number of periodic arrangements of point vortices – point vortex streets – in two-dimensional fluid flow that are stationary is known to be finite for a generic choice of vortex circulations. When all circulations are the same in absolute value, however, stationary vortex street configurations have been associated with the zeros of certain trigonometric polynomials containing free complex parameters. The presence of these parameters may prove useful in constructing point vortex models of shear layers and wakes. In this paper it is shown that such a continuum of stationary configurations exists in a much wider class of point vortex street systems. The circulations may take on many values, not just two, providing increased flexibility in the modelling context. A simple method for computing these configurations is derived. The effects of symmetries on the solution polynomials are described, and illustrated with examples. In addition, novel translating vortex street configurations are found having arbitrary translation velocity and containing free parameters for vortex circulations ±1 and also for vortex circulations +1, −2.

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14

Laumer, Daniel, Nico Lang, Natalie van Doorn, Oisin Mac Aodha, Pietro Perona, and Jan Dirk Wegner. "Geocoding of trees from street addresses and street-level images." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 162 (April 2020): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.001.

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15

Wang, Jianhui. "Satellite Observations of Karman Vortex Streets Induced by Islands from the Aspects of SSC in Hangzhou Bay, China." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2242/1/012030.

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Abstract We explored the details of Karman vortex streets (KVS) induced by islands in the Hangzhou Bay using high resolution Chinese Gaofen-1 data and Landsat-8 data. Thirty images, including 15 images obtained by Wide-Field-View (WFV) sensor from Chinese Gaofen-1 and 15 images obtained by Operational Land Imager (OLI) aboard Landsat-8, were applied to retrieve Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) based on a prior model. The results show that: 1) The Karman vortex streets induced by small islands can be detected clearly by high resolution satellite data from the change of SSC. 2) The Karman vortex streets contain 3-5 subunits, and the further away from the island, the larger the scale of vortex streets. Generally, the length of the vortex street is between 1500 m and 9800 m.

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16

Waugh, Robert. "The great escape to Wall Street." Physics World 18, no. 5 (May 2005): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/18/5/39.

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17

Elisabeth Jebaseeli, E. Annie, D. susitra, and Sundaram. "Energy saving in street lighting system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1770, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1770/1/012039.

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18

Belcher, Stephen E. "Mixing and transport in urban areas." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1837 (October 24, 2005): 2947–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1673.

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Concern over terrorist releases of harmful material has generated interest in short-range air-borne dispersion in urban areas. Here, we review the important fluid dynamical processes that control dispersion in the first kilometre, the neighbourhood scale, when much of the material remains within the urban canopy. Dispersion is then controlled by turbulent mixing and mean flow transport through the network of streets. We consider mixing and transport in a long straight street, street intersections and then a network of streets connected by intersections. The mixing and transport in these systems are illustrated with results from recent fine-resolution numerical simulations and laboratory models, which then inform simpler scaling estimates and modelling schemes. Finally, we make some tentative steps to pull the process studies together to begin to understand results from full-scale observations. In particular, it is shown that the positions of ‘shear layers’ and ‘dividing streamlines’ largely control the patterns of mixing and transport. It is also shown that neighbourhood-scale dispersion follows one scaling in the near field and another in the far field after passage through many intersections. The challenge for the future is to bring these threads together into a coherent mathematical model.

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19

Subashini, P., A. Sivaramchaitanya, P. Sivasai, J. V. V. L. Sai Teja, and A. Hemanshureddy. "Automatic Street Light System." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8416.

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This project provides the simplest answer for power wastage. Conjointly the manual operation of the lighting system is totally replaced. In this project the LDR sensor is used to point a day/night time and also the microcontroller is used which is able to detect brightness of sunlight and the GSM module that acts on back side. The microcontroller Arduino board is employed as brain which is to manage the road lightweight system, The programming language used for developing the microcontroller is C language. The most important aim of the project is to avoid wasting the ability, by exploitation effectively we are able to save a lot of power, as we all know that there’s large scale shortage of power these days in everyplace especially in villages. So, to beat that shortage we are able replace the manual street lights system with the intelligent systems. therefore in future we are able to style more advanced technologies to avoid wasting power.

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20

LI, XIN-GANG, ZI-YOU GAO, BIN JIA, and XIAO-MEI ZHAO. "CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODEL FOR UNSIGNALIZED T-SHAPED INTERSECTION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 20, no. 04 (April 2009): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183109013704.

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In this paper, the unsignalized T-shaped intersection is modeled by a cellular automata model. The main street and the minor street join at the intersection. As to the traffic flow is not controlled by traffic lights, conflict happens between the vehicles from minor street and that from main street. Two different crash avoiding rules are used to dispose the conflicts. In the first rule, the priorities are given to the driving-ahead vehicle and the vehicle on the main street. In the second rule, the vehicle that reaches the conflicting point earlier enters into the intersection. The flux on each lane depending on the inflow rates is studied in detail. The capacity of the system is also investigated. Our simulation results suggest that the two rules do not take the same effect on the capacity under different traffic conditions.

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21

García, Claudia. "Kármán vortex street in incompressible fluid models." Nonlinearity 33, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1625–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ab6309.

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22

Ponta, Fernando L. "Vortex decay in the Kármán eddy street." Physics of Fluids 22, no. 9 (September 2010): 093601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481383.

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23

Jiménez, Javier. "Linear stability of a non-symmetric, inviscid, Kármán street of small uniform vortices." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 189 (April 1988): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088001041.

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The classical point-vortex model for a Kármán vortex street is linearly stable only for a single, isolated, marginally stable, case. This property has been shown numerically to hold for streets formed by symmetric rows of uniform vortices of equal area. That result is extended here to the case in which the areas of the vortices in the two rows are not necessarily equal. The method used is an analytic perturbation valid when the vortex areas are small, and applied using an automatic symbolic manipulator.

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24

Qu, Yuanchi, Yanhua Yang, and Yaoyao Li. "Centralized Control System for Smart Street Lights Based on STM32 and LoRa." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2216, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2216/1/012045.

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Abstract In order to solve the problem of waste of power and human resources in the traditional street lamp control system, this paper designs a smart street lamp centralized control system based on STM32 and LoRa technology. The centralized control system consists of a centralized control device and multiple single lamp control devices. The STM32F103 is the MCU of the centralized control device. The system uses the characteristics of low communication cost and long transmission distance of LoRa technology to realize the communication between the centralized control device and the single lamp control device. The centralized control device uses the Modbus RTU protocol to communicate with the sensor module, and adjusts according to environmental factors. The brightness of the street lamp realizes the "on-demand lighting" of the street lamp, and an adaptive rate algorithm is proposed to optimize the communication of the LoRa network and improve the working efficiency of the system. This centralized control system combines embedded and wireless communication technology and has advantages in cost, reliability, energy saving and intelligent control. It can be applied to street lamp lighting control in various environments. It has a high degree of intelligence and has a strong market potential.

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25

Flatté, Michael E. "A one-way street for spin current." Nature Physics 4, no. 8 (August 2008): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1047.

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26

Terekhova, V. S., A. A. Popov, E. M. Gritsenko, M. M. Satsuk, and A. A. Artyshko. "Quality evaluation information system of street cleaning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1515 (April 2020): 032055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/3/032055.

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27

Jaramillo, H., R. Gallardo, and C. Martinez. "Street furniture in recycled and resignified materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1126 (November 2018): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1126/1/012066.

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28

Yang, Jian-Rong, Bo Wu, Jie-Jian Mao, Ping Liu, and Jian-Yong Wang. "Vortex Street in Homogeneous Dense Dusty Magnetoplasma." Communications in Theoretical Physics 62, no. 6 (December 2014): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/62/6/15.

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29

Roobini, M. S., L. Suji Helen, A. Viji Amutha Mary, Mercy Paul Selvan, and S. Jancy. "Automatic Motion Triggered Street Light Using IoT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1770, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1770/1/012029.

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30

Younis, Manal Fadhil, and Sarah Sadeq Salim. "Cloud based automatic street lighting control system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1973, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012112.

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31

Lumnitz, Stefanie, Tahia Devisscher, Jerome R. Mayaud, Valentina Radic, Nicholas C. Coops, and Verena C. Griess. "Mapping trees along urban street networks with deep learning and street-level imagery." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 175 (May 2021): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.01.016.

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32

Zhou, Yuzhou, Xu Han, Mingjun Peng, Haiting Li, Bo Yang, Zhen Dong, and Bisheng Yang. "Street-view imagery guided street furniture inventory from mobile laser scanning point clouds." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 189 (July 2022): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.04.023.

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33

Jiang, Hongyi, and Liang Cheng. "Transition to the secondary vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 867 (March 27, 2019): 691–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.167.

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Анотація:

Instabilities and flow characteristics in the far wake of a circular cylinder are examined through direct numerical simulations. The transitions to the two-layered and secondary vortex streets are quantified by a new method based on the time-averaged transverse velocity field. Two processes for the transition to the secondary vortex street are observed: (i) the merging of two same-sign vortices over a range of low Reynolds numbers ($Re$) between 200 and 300, and (ii) the pairing of two opposite-sign vortices, followed by the merging of the paired vortices into subsequent vortices, over a range of $Re$ between 400 and 1000. Single vortices may be generated between the merging cycles due to mismatch of the vortices. The irregular merging process results in flow irregularity and an additional frequency signal $f_{2}$ (in addition to the primary vortex shedding frequency $f_{1}$) in the two-layered and secondary vortex streets. In particular, a gradual energy transfer from $f_{1}$ to $f_{2}$ with distance downstream is observed in the two-layered vortex street prior to the merging. The frequency spectra of $f_{2}$ are broad-band for $Re=200$–300 but become increasingly sharp-peaked with increasing $Re$ because the vortex merging process becomes increasingly regular. The ratio of the sharp-peaked frequencies $f_{2}$ and $f_{1}$ is equal to the ratio of the numbers of vortices observed after and before the merging. The general conclusions drawn from a circular cylinder are expected to be applicable to other bluff bodies.

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34

Bourilkov, Dimitri. "Machine and deep learning applications in particle physics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 35 (December 20, 2019): 1930019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19300199.

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The many ways in which machine and deep learning are transforming the analysis and simulation of data in particle physics are reviewed. The main methods based on boosted decision trees and various types of neural networks are introduced, and cutting-edge applications in the experimental and theoretical/phenomenological domains are highlighted. After describing the challenges in the application of these novel analysis techniques, the review concludes by discussing the interactions between physics and machine learning as a two-way street enriching both disciplines and helping to meet the present and future challenges of data-intensive science at the energy and intensity frontiers.

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35

Vititneva, Ekaterina, Zhongming Shi, Pieter Herthogs, Reinhard König, Aurel von Richthofen, and Sven Schneider. "Informing the design of courtyard street blocks using solar energy models: a case study of a university campus in Singapore." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012050.

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Abstract This study discusses the interplays between urban form and energy performance using a case study in Singapore. We investigate educational urban quarters in the tropical climate of Singapore using simulation-based parametric geometric modelling. Three input variables of urban form were examined: street network orientation, street canyon width, and building depth. In total, 280 scenarios were generated using a quasi-Monte Carlo Saltelli sampler and Grasshopper. For each scenario, the City Energy Analyst, an open-source urban building energy simulation program, calculated solar energy penetration. To assess the variables’ importance, we applied Sobol’ sensitivity analysis. Results suggest that the street width and building depth were the most influential parameters.

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36

Marshall, Jeffrey S. "Downstream Development of Viscous Fluid Wakes Behind Rod-Like Bodies." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897269.

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A new theory of viscous fluid wakes behind rod-like bodies is presented and is used to study the onset and downstream development of vortex street flows. Analytical solutions are obtained for the evolution of wave number, mean centerline velocity, vortex velocity, and vortex “spacing ratio” as a function of downstream distance in a laminar vortex street. A simple criterion for the onset of oscillations in the far wake, which slightly precede vortex street initiation, is also obtained. All of these solutions account for the action of viscous diffusion in spreading the street, and they are found to compare quite well with available experimental results.

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37

Rodríguez-Puerta, Francisco, Carlos Barrera, Borja García, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, and Angel M. García-Pedrero. "Mapping Tree Canopy in Urban Environments Using Point Clouds from Airborne Laser Scanning and Street Level Imagery." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093269.

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Resilient cities incorporate a social, ecological, and technological systems perspective through their trees, both in urban and peri-urban forests and linear street trees, and help promote and understand the concept of ecosystem resilience. Urban tree inventories usually involve the collection of field data on the location, genus, species, crown shape and volume, diameter, height, and health status of these trees. In this work, we have developed a multi-stage methodology to update urban tree inventories in a fully automatic way, and we have applied it in the city of Pamplona (Spain). We have compared and combined two of the most common data sources for updating urban tree inventories: Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) point clouds combined with aerial orthophotographs, and street-level imagery from Google Street View (GSV). Depending on the data source, different methodologies were used to identify the trees. In the first stage, the use of individual tree detection techniques in ALS point clouds was compared with the detection of objects (trees) on street level images using computer vision (CV) techniques. In both cases, a high success rate or recall (number of true positive with respect to all detectable trees) was obtained, where between 85.07% and 86.42% of the trees were well-identified, although many false positives (FPs) or trees that did not exist or that had been confused with other objects were always identified. In order to reduce these errors or FPs, a second stage was designed, where FP debugging was performed through two methodologies: (a) based on the automatic checking of all possible trees with street level images, and (b) through a machine learning binary classification model trained with spectral data from orthophotographs. After this second stage, the recall decreased to about 75% (between 71.43 and 78.18 depending on the procedure used) but most of the false positives were eliminated. The results obtained with both data sources were robust and accurate. We can conclude that the results obtained with the different methodologies are very similar, where the main difference resides in the access to the starting information. While the use of street-level images only allows for the detection of trees growing in trafficable streets and is a source of information that is usually paid for, the use of ALS and aerial orthophotographs allows for the location of trees anywhere in the city, including public and private parks and gardens, and in many countries, these data are freely available.

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38

Rodríguez-Puerta, Francisco, Carlos Barrera, Borja García, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, and Angel M. García-Pedrero. "Mapping Tree Canopy in Urban Environments Using Point Clouds from Airborne Laser Scanning and Street Level Imagery." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093269.

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Resilient cities incorporate a social, ecological, and technological systems perspective through their trees, both in urban and peri-urban forests and linear street trees, and help promote and understand the concept of ecosystem resilience. Urban tree inventories usually involve the collection of field data on the location, genus, species, crown shape and volume, diameter, height, and health status of these trees. In this work, we have developed a multi-stage methodology to update urban tree inventories in a fully automatic way, and we have applied it in the city of Pamplona (Spain). We have compared and combined two of the most common data sources for updating urban tree inventories: Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) point clouds combined with aerial orthophotographs, and street-level imagery from Google Street View (GSV). Depending on the data source, different methodologies were used to identify the trees. In the first stage, the use of individual tree detection techniques in ALS point clouds was compared with the detection of objects (trees) on street level images using computer vision (CV) techniques. In both cases, a high success rate or recall (number of true positive with respect to all detectable trees) was obtained, where between 85.07% and 86.42% of the trees were well-identified, although many false positives (FPs) or trees that did not exist or that had been confused with other objects were always identified. In order to reduce these errors or FPs, a second stage was designed, where FP debugging was performed through two methodologies: (a) based on the automatic checking of all possible trees with street level images, and (b) through a machine learning binary classification model trained with spectral data from orthophotographs. After this second stage, the recall decreased to about 75% (between 71.43 and 78.18 depending on the procedure used) but most of the false positives were eliminated. The results obtained with both data sources were robust and accurate. We can conclude that the results obtained with the different methodologies are very similar, where the main difference resides in the access to the starting information. While the use of street-level images only allows for the detection of trees growing in trafficable streets and is a source of information that is usually paid for, the use of ALS and aerial orthophotographs allows for the location of trees anywhere in the city, including public and private parks and gardens, and in many countries, these data are freely available.

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39

Kownacki, Cezary, and Mariusz Bogdan. "Autonomous Flight in the Canyons of Streets on the Basis of Information Derived from the Vision System." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.176.

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This article presents algorithm of autonomous microplane flight control in street canyons using image from a camera as a carrier of information about microplane surroundings. Algorithm structure and video information processing are formed in a way that enables their implementation with the use of available equipment such as microcameras, advanced autopilot and signal processor DSP. On the basis of the developed algorithm model simulation research was prepared and conducted. Obtained results confirm effectiveness of this algorithm in autonomous flight control of microplane in street canyons. However, conducted simulations did not use real video image, but only simplified model of street map perspective image.

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40

Sędziwy, Adam. "A New Approach to Street Lighting Design." LEUKOS 12, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2015.1080122.

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41

Hardin, Russell. "Democratic Epistemology and Accountability." Social Philosophy and Policy 17, no. 1 (2000): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002557.

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Most of the knowledge of an ordinary person has a very messy structure and cannot meet standard epistemological criteria for its justification. Rather, a street-level epistemology makes sense of ordinary knowledge. Street-level epistemology is a subjective account of knowledge, not a public account. It is not about what counts as knowledge in, say, physics, but deals rather, with your knowledge, my knowledge, the ordinary person's knowledge. I wish not to elaborate this view here, but to apply it to the problems of representative democracy. I will briefly lay out the central implications of a street-level epistemology and then bring it to bear on democratic citizenship, especially on the problem of the citizen's holding elected officials accountable for their actions.

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42

Yang, Jinyan. "Research on Green Control Algorithm of Street Lamp." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1624 (October 2020): 042005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1624/4/042005.

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43

Prabaswari, Atyanti Dyah, Bagus Wahyu Utomo, and Dina Tauhida. "Mental Analysis Workload on Solar Street Lighting Workers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1430 (January 2020): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1430/1/012041.

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44

Letelier, Patricio S. "Spacetime defects: von Kármán vortex street like configurations." Classical and Quantum Gravity 18, no. 17 (August 17, 2001): 3639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/18/17/316.

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45

Kanna Sivakumar, Vishaal, Vishnu Mani Hema, Seetharam Krishnapuram, Shubhodeep Saha, Ajay Bharadwaj, Rohit Surya Kumar, and Raja Ramanan Sundara Raman. "An Automated Retrofittable Street Light Solar Panel Cleaner." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1831, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1831/1/012023.

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46

Iwatani, Toshiharu. "Field Force at Street Making Process-Scheduling." Tetsu-to-Hagane 97, no. 6 (2011): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.97.316.

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47

Xie, Xiao-min, Jia-song Wang, and Zhen Huang. "Traffic Emission Transportation In Street Canyons." Journal of Hydrodynamics 21, no. 1 (February 2009): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(08)60125-0.

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48

Yang, Xiaofeng. "Denoising of Tourist Street Scene Image Based on ROF Model of Second-Order Partial Differential Equation." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6547350.

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The noise pollution in tourist street view images is caused by various reasons. A major challenge that researchers have been facing is to find a way to effectively remove noise. Although in the past few decades people have proposed many methods of denoising tourist street scene images, the research on denoising technology of tourist street scene images is still not outdated. There is no doubt that it has become a basic and important research topic in the field of digital image processing. The evolutionary diffusion method based on partial differential equations is helpful to improve the quality of noisy tourist street scene images. This method can process tourist street scene images according to people’s expected diffusion behavior. The adaptive total variation model proposed in this paper is improved on the basis of the total variation model and the Gaussian thermal diffusion model. We analyze the classic variational PDE-based denoising model and get a unified variational PDE energy functional model. We also give a detailed analysis of the diffusion performance of the total variational model and then propose an adaptive total variational diffusion model. By improving the diffusion coefficient and introducing a curvature operator that can distinguish details such as edges, it can effectively denoise the tourist street scene image, and it also has a good effect on avoiding the step effect. Through the improvement of the ROF model, the loyalty term and regular term of the model are parameterized, the adaptive total variation denoising model of this paper is established, and a detailed analysis is carried out. The experimental results show that compared with some traditional denoising models, the model in this paper can effectively suppress the step effect in the denoising process, while protecting the texture details of the edge area of the tourist street scene image. In addition, the model in this paper is superior to traditional denoising models in terms of denoising performance and texture structure protection.

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49

Olawale, Sunday, and Juliet Perumal. "Girl-Child Streetism and Possible Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a8.

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Streetism is a growing problem worldwide and Africa is one of the continents with the highest population of street children. United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) refers to street children as children whom the street, more than their family, becomes their real home. The recent statistics released by UNICEF revealed that States in the North-east and North-west regions of Nigeria have female primary net attendance rates of 47.7 per cent and 47.3 per cent, which shows that more than half of the girls in those parts of the country are not in school. This paper examined streetism from the gender perspective, to draw the attention of the government, civil societies, and other stakeholders towards responding to the menace of street girls. This study was carried out by conducting document analysis and careful study of various secondary data sources obtained online. Google scholar, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL) were used to retrieve journal articles, news items and other electronic materials written on the complexities of streetism as it affects girl children in Sub-Saharan Africa. High vulnerability to violence, rape, sexually transmitted diseases, and teenage pregnancy are the major problems found in the literature to be of peculiarity to street girls. Special programmes such as street education and literacy, and vocational skills acquisition programmes for street children were suggested as possible interventions to respond to the menace of streetism in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

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Wu, Buchen, Chang Shu, HsuChew Lee, and Minping Wan. "The effects of caudal fin's bending stiffness on a self-propelled carangiform swimmer." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (April 2022): 041901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089082.

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The hydrodynamic performance of a self-propelled carangiform swimmer with a flexible caudal fin in the absence of a free stream is numerically investigated, where the fin's dimensionless bending stiffness varies from 10−3 to 150. It reveals that large flexibility of the caudal fin has a negative impact on the propulsion and moderate rigidity is found to increase the hydrodynamic performance. Two different vortex configurations are observed at low and high bending stiffnesses: (i) reverse Bénard–von Kármán (rBvK) vortex configuration and (ii) deflected reverse Bénard–von Kármán wake with the secondary vortex street, respectively. With the increase in bending stiffness, the thrust-producing part switches from the swimmer body to the caudal fin corresponding to the switch of the vortex configuration. Furthermore, the thrust and drag productions are examined. As the bending stiffness increases, the “active portion” of the caudal fin provides more kinetic energy to the wake flow. It is found that the deflected rBvK is induced by the vortical strength imbalance of two adjacent vortices, and the secondary vortex street is formed by the large strain between the primary vortex and the secondary vortex street. Meanwhile, the dynamic mode decomposition analysis indicates that the dominant mode of the dynamic flow field is the excited frequency resonant mode and the inherent frequency of the secondary vortex street is the same as the undulatory frequency. These results shed new light onto the role of the flexible caudal fin in self-propelled biological systems and may provide some inspirations to autonomous underwater vehicle design.

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