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1
Shi, Yong, Tao Yan, Yong Ze Wang, Jin Fang Zhao, and Sheng De Zhou. "The Study of the Dilute Acid Pretreatment Technology of Corn Stover and Rice Straw." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials provides an alternative energy production system. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn straw and rice straw and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose were investigated in this study. The straw was pretreated at 121°C with different sulfuric acid concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4and 5%, v/v) and residence times (30, 60, and 90 min). The concentration and conversion of total reducing sugars were analyzed. Pretreatment residence time play a key role in increase glucose concentration comparing to sulfuric acid concentration. Cellulose remaining in the pretreated feedstock was highly digestible by cellulases from Trichoderma viride. The result that the saccharification yield of 72.38% and 82.84% from corn straw and rice straw by using 2% (v/v) acid pretreatment at 121°C for 60 min and saccharifying with cellulase preparations.
2
Beyisa Benti Diro, Tadessa Daba, and Temam Gemeda Genemo. "Production and characterization of cellulase from mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) for effective degradation of cellulose." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2021.2.1.0066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the most abundant organic polymer that means cellulose to smaller sugar components including glucose subunits. The aim of this study was to screen cellulase producing oyster mushroom collected from Eucalyptus tree bark to evaluate the in vitro production of cellulase by Pleurotus ostreatus using different lignocellulosic substrates, and to characterize the cellulase produced with respect to changes in pH, temperature, and concentration of substrates. A total of ten mushroom specimens were randomly collected from Eucalyptus tree bark in the premise of Holetta Agricultural Research Center campus. All of the collected mushroom specimens were identified morphologically and biochemically as Pleurotus ostreatus and also screened for their ability to produce cellulase by detecting and measuring zone of hydrolysis on commercial media containing Carbxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as the sole carbon source. These mushroom specimens were cultivated using both solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation systems supplemented with different lignocellulosic substrates (wheat straw, teff straw, bean straw, wood fiber and Eucalyptus tree bark) to identify the most suitable medium for the production of cellulase. The highest enzyme production was obtained on bean straw and wheat straw which resulted in 0.191 U/ml, 0.868 U/ml and 0.389 U/ml; and 0.216 U/ml, 0.444 U/ml, and 0.245 U/ml of FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase in solid state fermentation. The lowest values were, however, obtained in media containing wood fiber in both solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Comparison of the lignocellulosic substrates revealed that wheat straw was selected for further growth parameter optimization. The production of cellulase was higher at the 5th day of incubation period, and the optimum pH and incubation temperature required for maximum cellulase production were 4 and 30°C, respectively. Sucrose and Yeast extract at 1% concentration were found to be the most preferred carbon and nitrogen sources for cellulase production by Pleurotus ostreatus. The optimum pH and temperature for cell_free cellulase activity on were found to be 4 and 50°C, respectively. Generally the cellulases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus were stable and active at temperatures ranging from 20-50°C. These characteristics hopefully would make this enzyme potentially attractive in a variety of industrial applications including animal feed treatments. There was a linear relationship between cellulase and its substrate concentration for there was an increase in activity with increase in substrate concentration. The relationship between rate of reaction and substrate concentration depended on the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. Finally the cellulase was tested for its ability to saccharify agricultural wastes and the results showed the highest release of sugars from wheat straw.
3
Gao, Chongfeng, Yang Zhang, Yaoyao Cao, Weihua Xiao, and Lujia Han. "Effect of Ultrafine Grinding Pretreatment on the Cellulose Fibers and Nanocrystals from Wheat Straw." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To investigate the effect of ultrafine grinding pretreatment on the isolation of wheat straw cellulose fibers and nanocrystals, wheat straw at cellular scale (50–30 m) were produced with different ultrafine grinding time prior to extract cellulose fibers and nanocrystals. Cellulose fibers were obtained by 4% sodium hydroxide and alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment from ultrafine ground wheat straw. Morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the removal of non-cellulosic components and the rearrangement of hydrogen bonds in cellulose. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the decrease of crystalline index with grinding time prolonged and the formation of cellulose II in alkali treated 8.0 h ultrafine ground wheat straw. Cellulose nanocrystals were produced from these cellulose fibers using 64% sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatment. Morphological examination through atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the length of rod-like CNCs decreased with prolonged ultrafine grinding time in 2.0 h and then increased due to the formation of cellulose II.
4
Hetzler, Stephan, Daniel Bröker, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Saccharification of Cellulose by Recombinant Rhodococcus opacus PD630 Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17 (June 21, 2013): 5159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01214-13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe noncellulolytic actinomyceteRhodococcus opacusstrain PD630 is the model oleaginous prokaryote with regard to the accumulation and biosynthesis of lipids, which serve as carbon and energy storage compounds and can account for as much as 87% of the dry mass of the cell in this strain. In order to establish cellulose degradation inR. opacusPD630, we engineered strains that episomally expressed six different cellulase genes fromCellulomonas fimiATCC 484 (cenABC,cex,cbhA) andThermobifida fuscaDSM43792 (cel6A), thereby enablingR. opacusPD630 to degrade cellulosic substrates to cellobiose. Of all the enzymes tested, five exhibited a cellulase activity toward carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as high as 0.313 ± 0.01 U · ml−1, but recombinant strains also hydrolyzed cotton, birch cellulose, copy paper, and wheat straw. Cocultivations of recombinant strains expressing different cellulase genes with MCC as the substrate were carried out to identify an appropriate set of cellulases for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose byR. opacus. Based on these experiments, the multicellulase gene expression plasmid pCellulose was constructed, which enabledR. opacusPD630 to hydrolyze as much as 9.3% ± 0.6% (wt/vol) of the cellulose provided. For the direct production of lipids from birch cellulose, a two-step cocultivation experiment was carried out. In the first step, 20% (wt/vol) of the substrate was hydrolyzed by recombinant strains expressing the whole set of cellulase genes. The second step was performed by a recombinant cellobiose-utilizing strain ofR. opacusPD630, which accumulated 15.1% (wt/wt) fatty acids from the cellobiose formed in the first step.
5
Hrabalova, Marta, Manfred Schwanninger, Rupert Wimmer, Adriana Gregorova, Tanja Zimmermann, and Norbert Mundigler. "Fibrillation of flax and wheat straw cellulose: Effects on thermal, morphological, and viscoelastic properties of poly(vinylalcohol)/fibre composites." BioResources 6, no. 2 (March 23, 2011): 1631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1631-1647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nano-fibrillated cellulose was produced from flax and wheat straw cellulose pulps by high pressure disintegration. The reinforcing potential of both disintegrated nano-celluloses in a polyvinyl-alcohol matrix was evaluated. Disintegration of wheat straw was significantly more time and energy consuming. Disintegration did not lead to distinct changes in the degree of polymerization; however, the fibre diameter reduction was more than a hundredfold, creating a nano-fibrillated cellulose network, as shown through field-emission-scanning electron microscopy. Composite films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and filled with nano-fibrillated celluloses up to 40% mass fractions. Nano-fibrillated flax showed better dispersion in the polyvinyl alcohol matrix, compared to nano-fibrillated wheat straw. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composites revealed that the glass transition and rubbery region increased more strongly with included flax nano-fibrils. Intermolecular interactions between cellulose fibrils and polyvinyl alcohol matrix were shown through differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The selection of appropriate raw cellulose material for high pressure disintegration was an indispensable factor for the processing of nano-fibrillated cellulose, which is essential for the functional optimization of products.
6
Poomai, Nutt, Wilailak Siripornadulsil, and Surasak Siripornadulsil. "Cellulase Enzyme Production from Agricultural Waste by Acinetobacter sp. KKU44." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to a high ethanol demand, the approach for effective ethanol production is important and has been developed rapidly worldwide. Several agricultural wastes are highly abundant in celluloses and the effective cellulase enzymes do exist widely among microorganisms. Accordingly, the cellulose degradation using microbial cellulase to produce a low-cost substrate for ethanol production has attracted more attention. In this study, the cellulase producing bacterial strain has been isolated from rich straw and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Acinetobacter sp. KKU44. This strain is able to grow and exhibit the cellulase activity. The optimal temperature for its growth and cellulase production is 37 °C. The optimal temperature of bacterial cellulase activity is 60 °C. The cellulase enzyme from Acinetobacter sp. KKU44 is heat-tolerant enzyme. The bacterial culture of 36 h. showed highest cellulase activity at 120 U/mL when grown in LB medium containing 2% (w/v). The capability of Acinetobacter sp. KKU44 to grow in cellulosic agricultural wastes as a sole carbon source and exhibiting the high cellulase activity at high temperature suggested that this strain could be potentially developed further as a cellulose degrading strain for a production of low-cost substrate used in ethanol production.
7
Chen, Hui, Lian Jie Wang, Tao Zhang, Meng Yu, and Xin Ming Wang. "Effects of the Protein in Wheat Straw on Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article used acid protease to remove the protein in wheat straw, and investigated the influence of wheat straw without the protein to enzymatic hydrolysis. By the single factor experiments, the cellulose degradation rate of wheat straw removed the protein was significantly higher than untreated, in the same conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis. It is shortening 24h of enzymatic hydrolysis time and reducing enzyme dosage 90mg/g. By the orthogonal experiments, the optimal reaction conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw with protein removed is the cellulase dosage 170mg, enzymatic time 56h, solid-liquid ratio 1:20, pH 4.8, the reaction temperature 50°C. Compared to the untreated, the cellulose degradation rate increased by 35.58%.
8
Song, Heming, Hongge Jia, Qingji Wang, Xinyi Zhao, Guoxing Yang, Mingyu Zhang, Hailiang Zhou, et al. "A New Environmentally-Friendly System for Extracting Cellulose from Corn Straw: The Low Temperature Laccase System." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corn straw is an agricultural waste. The system for extracting cellulose from corn straw at a high temperature has been widely reported by researchers. However, the system for extracting cellulose from corn straw at a low temperature has been rarely reported. In this paper, a new system for extracting cellulose from corn straw at a low temperature was reported for the first time. This new system is designated as the low temperature laccase system (LTLS). Cellulose was successfully extracted from corn straw by the LTLS, and the used solution could be recycled. Therefore, the low temperature laccase system is an environmentally-friendly system. The cellulose content in corn straw is 30–40%. The yield of cellulose extracted by LTLS was 33%. The obtained cellulose product was creamy white. The extracted cellulose samples were characterized by using infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results were consistent with that of standard cellulose. We confirmed that the LTLS extracted cellulose from corn straw with high purity.
9
Son, Nguyen Truong. "RICE STRAW CELLULOSE AEROGELS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 2A (June 21, 2018): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2a/12639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, cellulose was obtained from rice straw by dewaxing with Soxhlet extraction and treating with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The obtained cellulose was used to successfully fabricate cellulose aerogels with a binder by freeze drying technique. The materials were then functionalized with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to achieve hydrophobicity. The morphology, pore structure and other properties of the aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), thermal conductivity and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The rice straw cellulose aerogels exhibited very low specific density (0.0412-0.0470 g/cm3), high porosity (> 96 %), superhydrophobicity (WCA > 137o) and low thermal conductivity (0.034-0.036 W/(m.K)). The aerogels showed good oil adsorption capacity of 15.66-16.09 g/g.
10
Ratanakamnuan, Usarat, and Yan Yong Ninsin. "Synthesis of Rice Straw Cellulose Ester for Use as Biodegradable Plastic Film." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.980.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this research, the feasibility to obtain cellulose film from rice straw was investigated. After delignification and bleaching of rice straw, the rice straw pulp was treated by acid hydrolysis in order to obtain rice straw cellulose powder. After that, the esterification of rice straw cellulose was carried out by using lauroyl chloride as an esterifying agent, toluene and pyridine as a solvent and a catalyst, respectively. The optimum condition for esterification was examined in terms of temperature and reaction time. Chemical structure and properties of modified cellulose such as morphology, thermal stability, and solubility were investigated. The rice straw cellulose ester film was prepared by casting method and the films obtained were tested for their tensile properties.
11
Smuga-Kogut, Małgorzata, Kazimiera Zgórska, and Daria Szymanowska-Powałowska. "Influence of the crystalline structure of cellulose on the production of ethanol from lignocellulose biomass." International Agrophysics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In recent years, much attention has been devoted to the possibility of using lignocellulosic biomass for energy. Bioethanol is a promising substitute for conventional fossil fuels and can be produced from straw and wood biomass. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium pretreatment on the structure of cellulose and the acquisition of reducing sugars and bioethanol from cellulosic materials. Material used in the study was rye straw and microcrystalline cellulose subjected to ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium pretreatment. The morphology of cellulose fibres in rye straw and microcrystalline cellulose was imaged prior to and after ionic liquid pretreatment. Solutions of ionic liquid-treated and untreated cellulosic materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis in order to obtain reducing sugars, which constituted a substrate for alcoholic fermentation. An influence of the ionic liquid on the cellulose structure, accumulation of reducing sugars in the process of hydrolysis of this material, and an increase in ethanol amount after fermentation was observed. The ionic liquid did not affect cellulolytic enzymes negatively and did not inhibit yeast activity. The amount of reducing sugars and ethyl alcohol was higher in samples purified with 1-ethyl-3-methy-limidazolium acetate. A change in the supramolecular structure of cellulose induced by the ionic liquid was also observed.
12
Wang, Xuemei, Shikun Cheng, Zifu Li, Yu Men, and Jiajun Wu. "Impacts of Cellulase and Amylase on Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Straw." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 5453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impacts of enzyme pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass were explored by using corn straw as a substrate for enzyme pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion and by utilizing starch and microcrystalline cellulose as substrates for comparative analysis. The cellulase pre-treatment effectively improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, decreased the crystallinity, and consequently showed 33.2% increase in methane yield. The methane yield of starch increased by 16.0% through amylase pre-treatment. However, when the substrate was corn straw, both the efficiencies of enzymes and methane production were markedly reduced by the lignocellulosic structure. The corn straw’s methane yields were 277.6 and 242.4 mL·CH4/g·VS with cellulase and amylase pre-treatment, respectively, which was 11.7% and 27.9% higher than that of the untreated corn straw. It may imply that the lignocellulose should be broken up firstly, enzyme pre-treatments could have great potentials when combined with other methods.
13
Mottaghitalab, Vahid, and Mona Farjad. "Electrospun cellulosic structure nanofibre based on rice straw." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 9 (December 1, 2013): 857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The present investigation compares the diverse methods of cellulose extraction from rice straw. Furthermore, the purified cellulosic material was utilized for the electrospinning of cellulose nanofibers. Based on the differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, the new protocol was compared to the other methods showing lower amorphous structure and also lower lignin and hemicellulose in crystalline α-cellulose structure. The protocol, which included ultrasonic mechanical treatment, showed a higher crystallinity of the corresponding cellulose giving microfibers of 2.9±0.2 μm in average diameter based on the scanning electron microscope images. Cellulose nanofiber was prepared from its solution in trifluoroacetic acid using general one-step electrospinning process. The simultaneous effects of four processing variables including solution concentration (C), applied voltage (V), spinning distance (d), and volume flow rate (Q) on mean fiber diameter (MFD) and standard deviation of fiber diameter (StdFD) were investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. A range of MFD between 96±26 nm and 292±35 nm was recorded for further analysis. The response surface methodology was employed to establish quadratic models for MFD and StdFD. was found to be 96.18% and 91.25%, respectively, for the MFD and StdFD models, showing the good prediction ability of the models. The response surface plots showed strong relationship among variables.
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Xia, Jilin, Yu Yu, Huimin Chen, Jia Zhou, Zhongbiao Tan, Shuai He, Xiaoyan Zhu та ін. "Improved lignocellulose degradation efficiency by fusion of β-glucosidase, exoglucanase, and carbohydrate-binding module from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus". BioResources 14, № 3 (5 липня 2019): 6767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6767-6780.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bifunctional cellulases with β-glucosidase (Bgl1), exoglucanase (Exo5), and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus were fused to yield several recombinant plasmids, Bgl1-CBM-Exo5, Bgl1-2CBM-Exo5, and Bgl1-3CBM-Exo5. The fused enzymes possessed both β-glucosidase and exoglucanase activities and were used to improve the degradation efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass. The optimal temperature of Bgl1-3CBM-Exo5 was 70 °C, which was the same as Bgl1, and the optimal temperature of the other two enzymes was 80 °C, which was the same as Exo5. The optimal pH of fused enzymes was 4 to 5, the same as Exo5, but the optimal pH of Bgl1 was 5.5. Compared with Bgl1-CBM-Exo5 and Bgl1-2CBM-Exo5, the hydrolysis efficiency of Bgl1-3CBM-Exo5 on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) was increased by 67% and 50%, respectively. The activities of these enzymes on CMC-Na were increased by 128 to 192% when 10 mM MnCl2 was added. Filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), steam-pretreated rice straw, rice straw, and wheat straw were efficiently degraded by these fused enzymes. Specific activities of the fusion enzymes on MCC reached 34.4 to 76.4 U/μmol. The results indicated that bifunctional cellulases fused with CBMs were functional on cellulosic biomass, and CBMs contributed to further deconstruction of MCC and other natural substrates.
15
Li, Zhenxia, Tengteng Guo, Yuanzhao Chen, Jinyuan Liu, Junying Ma, Jing Wang, and Lihui Jin. "Study on pavement performance of cotton straw cellulose modified asphalt." Materials Research Express 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 025508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac5277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract To improve the pavement performance of heavy traffic asphalt pavement, two modifiers, cotton straw powder and cotton straw cellulose, were added to matrix asphalt. Through the tenacity test, dynamic shear rheological test, multi-stress creep recovery test and bending beam rheological test of asphalt, the tenacity, high temperature properties, viscoelastic properties and low temperature properties of three kinds of asphalt, including matrix asphalt, cotton straw powder modified asphalt and cotton straw cellulose modified asphalt, were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and synchronous thermal analyzer were used to analyze the microstructure and thermal stability of modified asphalt. The results show that both cotton stalk powder and cotton stalk cellulose can effectively improve the tenacity, temperature sensitivity and rheological properties of asphalt. The comprehensive improvement effect of 1% cotton straw cellulose is the best, but its low temperature performance has not been improved significantly. Cotton straw cellulose and asphalt form a more stable system, thereby improving the stability of asphalt. The increase of asphaltene content and the decrease of aromatic content are due to the good oil absorption of cotton straw cellulose, and the high temperature performance of asphalt is improved.
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Bian, Hongxia, Yanyan Yang, and Peng Tu. "Crystalline structure analysis of all-cellulose nanocomposite films based on corn and wheat straws." BioResources 16, no. 4 (October 29, 2021): 8353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.8353-8365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellulose solution and nanocellulose were prepared from corn straw and wheat straw and then used to fabricate an all-cellulose nanocomposites film (ANF). The crystal structure (CS) of ANFs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Cellulose-I and cellulose-II were found to coexist within regenerated cellulose films (RCF) and ANFs. With the change of nanocellulose content, the proportions of cellulose-I and cellulose-II changed. Cellulose transformation was found to depend on the raw material and the preparation method. When cellulose solution was prepared from corn straw that had been extracted, the cellulose type tended to be transformed from cellulose-I to cellulose-II; the proportion of cellulose-I showed a tendency to increase when nanocellulose content exceeded 1.5%. When the dissolved cellulose had been treated by an acid-alkali method, the results did not follow a clear pattern. However, when cellulose solution was prepared from wheat straw, under extraction method, the cellulose type tended to transform from cellulose-I to cellulose-II; under acid-alkali method, cellulose-I did not follow a clear pattern with nanocellulose content. Though the small amount of nanocellulose can’t dominate the content of cellulose-I, it could cause an increase in disorder of the cellulose matrix.
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Metreveli, Eka, Tamar Khardziani, and Vladimir Elisashvili. "The Carbon Source Controls the Secretion and Yield of Polysaccharide-Hydrolyzing Enzymes of Basidiomycetes." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present study, the polysaccharide-hydrolyzing secretomes of Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr. (1828) BCC104, Pycnoporus coccineus (Fr.) Bondartsev and Singer (1941) BCC310, and Schizophyllum commune Fr. (1815) BCC632 were analyzed in submerged fermentation conditions to elucidate the effect of chemically and structurally different carbon sources on the expression of cellulases and xylanase. Among polymeric substrates, crystalline cellulose appeared to be the best carbon source providing the highest endoglucanase, total cellulase, and xylanase activities. Mandarin pomace as a growth substrate for S. commune allowed to achieve comparatively high volumetric activities of all target enzymes while wheat straw induced a significant secretion of cellulase and xylanase activities of I. lacteus and P. coccineus. An additive effect on the secretion of cellulases and xylanases by the tested fungi was observed when crystalline cellulose was combined with mandarin pomace. In I. lacteus the cellulase and xylanase production is inducible in the presence of cellulose-rich substrates but is suppressed in the presence of an excess of easily metabolizable carbon source. These enzymes are expressed in a coordinated manner under all conditions studied. It was shown that the substitution of glucose in the inoculum medium with Avicel provides accelerated enzyme production by I. lacteus and higher cellulase and xylanase activities of the fungus. These results add new knowledge to the physiology of basidiomycetes to improve cellulase production.
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Goyal, Varsha, Arpana Mittal, Anish Kumari Bhuwal, Gulab Singh, Anita Yadav, and Neeraj Kumar Aggarwal. "Parametric Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Carboxymethyl Cellulase Production Using Pretreated Rice Straw by Bacillus sp. 313SI under Stationary and Shaking Conditions." Biotechnology Research International 2014 (April 29, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/651839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) provides a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of utilizing rice straw as cellulosic biomass. Out of total 80 microbial isolates from different ecological niches one bacterial strain, identified as Bacillus sp. 313SI, was selected for CMCase production under stationary as well as shaking conditions of growth. During two-stage pretreatment, rice straw was first treated with 0.5 M KOH to remove lignin followed by treatment with 0.1 N H2SO4 for removal of hemicellulose. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 3.08 U/mL was obtained using 1% (w/v) pretreated rice straw with 1% (v/v) inoculum, pH 8.0 at 35°C after 60 h of growth under stationary conditions, while the same was obtained as 4.15 U/mL using 0.75% (w/v) pretreated substrate with 0.4% (v/v) inoculum, pH 8.0 at 30°C, under shaking conditions of growth for 48 h. For maximum titre of CMCase carboxymethyl cellulose was optimized as the best carbon source under both cultural conditions while ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate were optimized as the best nitrogen sources under stationary and shaking conditions, respectively. The present study provides the useful data about the optimized conditions for CMCase production by Bacillus sp. 313SI from pretreated rice straw.
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Niu, Ming Fen, Sai Yue Wang, Wen Di Xu, An Dong Ge, and Hao Wang. "Effect of a Cellulose-Degrading Strain on Anaerobic Fermentation of Corn Straw." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2510.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to improve the rate of degradation of cellulose in corn straw, the study has an important significance that compost corn straw with inoculating high-efficient microbe agents. The experiment inoculated a cellulose-degrading strain F2 which was screened from compost into compost pretreatment, the VS of corn straw reduced from 93.14% to 71.69% after 15 days, the content of cellulose reduced from 34.12g·kg-1 to 25.66g·kg-1, the rate of degradation was 24.79% which was 10.60% higher than those without the strain. An anaerobic fermentation experiment was carried out with the two groups of composted corn straw and mixed pig feces with a certain ratio, and investigations of biogas production, pH, content of volatile fatty acids(VFA) and rate of methane production were conducted. The results were that the corn straw composted with the cellulose-degrading strain peaked 4 days earlier, the maximal daily biogas production was 1470mL, the cumulative biogas production reached 23641mL which was 16.87% higher and operated stably earlier. The study showed that the cellulose-degrading strain had a strong capacity to degrade cellulose in corn straw, and then improved the performance of anaerobic digestion.
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NANAYAKKARA, MAHESHANI P. A., WALAGEDARA G. A. PABASARA, ADIKARI M. P. B. SAMARASEKARA, DON A. S. AMARASINGHE, and LALEEN KARUNANAYAKE. "A STRATEGY FOR DETERMINING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RICE STRAW." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 54, no. 9-10 (November 11, 2020): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2020.54.95.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As rice is the staple food of most Asian countries, rice straw has become one of the largest agricultural wastes in Asia. It has not been subjected to adequate value additions yet. However, it has excellent potential to be converted to valuable materials, as it contains a significant amount of cellulose. Therefore, it would be beneficial in many ways to identify the cellulose yields of straws of different rice varieties. In general, the cellulose content of biomass is determined by wet chemical methods. Though these methods are accurate, they are not convenient to use under industrial conditions. This research work focuses on investigating the potential of thermal analysis as an alternative way to predict cellulose yields. For the study, rice straws of most frequently cultivated traditional Sri Lankan rice varieties: Suwandel and Raththal, as well as technically modified Sri Lankan rice varieties: BG300 and BG352, were selected. The results obtained by the proposed method were validated by an established three-step chemical extraction process.
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Masrullita, Masrullita, Rizka Nurlaila, Zulmiardi Zulmiardi, Ferri Safriwardy, Auliani Auliani, and Meriatna Meriatna. "Synthesis Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) from Rice Straw (Oryza Sativa L.) Waste." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v2i1.200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice straw is one of material containing cellulose to produce Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a non toxic polysaccharide that produces from cellulose that widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, textile, detergent, and cosmetic products industries. There are two stages usually use to produce CMC which are mercerization and esterification processes. Rice straw waste is one of the materials to produce CMC, it has a cellulose content of 37.7%, hemi-cellulose 21.99%, and lignin 16.62 %. BPS Aceh shown that the total rice harvested area was 310.01 hectares, with a total production of 1.71 million tons, and rice produced at 982.57 thousand ton. This study aims to reduce waste and environmental pollution caused by rice straw and collects information of rice straw as a basic material to produce of carboxymethyl cellulose and to increase the economic value of rice straw. The effects of various wieght parameters sodium monochloroacetate on chemical properties of CMC that produce from rice straw were investigated in this research. Rice straw was collected from a rice field in Nisam, North Aceh. The research conducted by synthesizing 5 grams rice straw for 5.5 hours using NaOH and Sodium Monochloroacetate solutions. With variations weight of sodium monochloroacetate are 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The characterization of CMC was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), CMC yield, DS, Viscosity, water content, pH. The result shows that addition of sodium monochloroacetate was significant factors influence the chemical properties on CMC. The CMC that produced in this study achieved to National Indonesia Standard (SNI).
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Suryati, Suryati, Meriatna Meriatna, Sulhatun Sulhatun, and Dwi Ayu Lestari. "Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Gelatin-Glycerol Biocomposite for Primary Wound Dressing." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (November 7, 2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v2i1.203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice straw is one of material containing cellulose to produce Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a non toxic polysaccharide that produces from cellulose that widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, textile, detergent, and cosmetic products industries. There are two stages usually use to produce CMC which are mercerization and esterification processes. Rice straw waste is one of the materials to produce CMC, it has a cellulose content of 37.7%, hemi-cellulose 21.99%, and lignin 16.62 %. BPS Aceh shown that the total rice harvested area was 310.01 hectares, with a total production of 1.71 million tons, and rice produced at 982.57 thousand ton. This study aims to reduce waste and environmental pollution caused by rice straw and collects information of rice straw as a basic material to produce of carboxymethyl cellulose and to increase the economic value of rice straw. The effects of various wieght parameters sodium monochloroacetate on chemical properties of CMC that produce from rice straw were investigated in this research. Rice straw was collected from a rice field in Nisam, North Aceh. The research conducted by synthesizing 5 grams rice straw for 5.5 hours using NaOH and Sodium Monochloroacetate solutions. With variations weight of sodium monochloroacetate are 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The characterization of CMC was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), CMC yield, DS, Viscosity, water content, pH. The result shows that addition of sodium monochloroacetate was significant factors influence the chemical properties on CMC. The CMC that produced in this study achieved to National Indonesia Standard (SNI).
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Li, Jin Bao, Mei Yun Zhang, Ya Ling Yang, and Ling Ying Jia. "Research on Pollution-Free Separation of Wheat Straw Cellulose by Ethanol/Acetic Acid Solvent System." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture wastes-- wheat straw is used as raw material to take place of cotton and wood pulp in this research. In order to separating of the crude cellulose, non-polluting ethanol/acetic acid binary solvent system is utilized to dissolve lignin. Then pure cellulose is obtained by refining processing. Finally, microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by acid hydrolysis, grinding and the subsequent process. The paper focuses on the effect of the dosage of acetic acid in the binary solvent system on separating efficiency of wheat straw cellulose, and analyzing the effects of acetic acid dosage on kappa number, yield, α-cellulose content and crystallinity of the wheat straw crude cellulose. The results indicated that acetic acid can promote the removal of lignin and hemicellulose degradation, and is conducive to improve the purity of crude fiber. The lignin removed mainly adsorbed and deposited onto the surface of crude cellulose. The optimum dosage of acetic acid in the thermal decomposition system of wheat straw is 2%. Under the optimum condition, the crystallinity of crude cellulose is the highest, the yield and α-cellulose content are both rather high, but a low Kappa number.
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Słobodzian-Ksenicz, Oryna, and Jacek Bojarski. "The Evaluation of the Fertilizing and Yield Potential of Straw and Cellulose Manure." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2017-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the physicochemical properties as well as the fertilizing and crop-yielding value of straw and cellulose manure after a 6-month storage period. Before field application pH value and contents of dry matter, TC, Corg. and N in cellulose manure were higher than in straw manure. The application of cellulose manure caused an increase in pH and the contents of P and K in the soil. The contents of DM, TC, Corg., as well as N and P in the rye grain collected from a field with cellulose manure were higher than in the rye grain collected from a field with straw manure. It follows that the soil fertilized with the cellulose manure was more conducive to the mineralization and sorption of macroelements assimilable by plants. The cellulose manure demonstrated better fertilizing value than the straw manure and increased the yield potential of the soil.
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Fauzi, Muhammad, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, and Anuraga Jayanegara. "Screening of cellulose- and lignin-degrading fungi for improving nutritive quality of ruminant feed." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819706001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This experiment aimed to screen some cellulose- and lignin-degrading fungal species for improving nutritive quality of ruminant feed. Fungal species used were Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes visicolor. These fungal species were grown on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium that added with 0.5 g substrate, i.e. either rice straw, rice bran or carboxymethyl cellulose for 12 days at room temperature. Harvesting was performed in order to separate fungal mycelium and supernatant that contained crude cellulase enzyme. Among the fungi observed, Ganoderma lucidum had the highest cellulase activity, i.e. 4.02 U/mg. Cellulase activities of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes visicolor were 1.53, 1.08, and 0.13 U/mg, respectively. Ganoderma lucidum was further investigated for its ligninolytic enzyme activity, i.e. laccase and manganese peroxidase. It was observed that the fungi had laccase and manganese peroxidase activities of 368.95 and 33.89 U/mL, respectively. Crude enzymes of Ganoderma lucidum that contain cellulase, laccase and manganese peroxidase were further used to increase nutritive quality of rice straw and subjected to in vitro incubation with rumen fluid of cattle.
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Halysh, Vita, Olena Sevastyanova та Zhao Yadong. "Sugarcane biomass as а potential carrier for drug delivery system". Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, № 4 (24 грудня 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2021.248943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are well-known medications for reducing pain and a group of drugs that can cause mucosal damage of the stomach. The negative effects on the digestive system can be reduced by immobilization of drugs on various carriers, for instance, on the components of plant biomass, for the creation of drug delivery system. Plant biomass is a lignocellulosic complex consisting of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose that can potentially be regarded as a carrier of pharmaceuticals. Sugarcane residues such as bagasse and straw are biomass by-products of the sugarcane industry. One of the prospective ways for their efficient utilization can include chemical processing with the aim of obtaining effective biosorbents or so-called carriers of different composition and structure. The aim of the work was to study the structural, morphological, and sorption properties of cellulose, lignin, and lignocellulose, derived from sugarcane biomass (bagasse and straw) by means of delignification and hydrolysis, as potential components for drug delivery system. Sugarcane straw samples show higher densities in comparison with bagasse samples. Both lignin samples from bagasse and straw have greater bulk and true density if compared to other materials from sugarcane biomass of cellulosic and lignocellulosic nature. The increase in adsorption pore volume in lignins is observed, being indicative of better sorption ability. Both samples of cellulose and lignocellulose from straw have greater pore structure if compared to the initial material. The values of sodium diclofenac sorption efficiency correlate with the values of pore volume for corresponding materials. Lignin from sugarcane straw, which shows greater porosity, has greater sorption properties. SEM images show that the initial materials and treated materials have complex morphology. FTIR spectra show a clear difference in the structure of lignocellulose, cellulose, and lignin from sugarcane bagasse and straw. The potential application of biopolymers from bagasse and straw as organic carriers of sodium diclofenac was studied. With this purpose, plant polymers were impregnated with an alcoholic solution of sodium diclofenac and the desorption process was investigated. The lignin sample from sugarcane straw has a longer period of drug release, which indicates the obtained effect of prolongation.
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Lamani, Matoore. "Rice Straw Extracted Cellulose Biocompatible Nanofiber." International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering 6, no. 2 (July 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcce.2017070101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the electrospinning of nanofibers from rice straw as a renewable, cheap natural resource. To facilitate the formation of cellulose nanofiber, PVA was utilized as a secondary plasticizing polymer. The polymer solution contained 75% w/w cellulose and 25% w/w PVA using water/formic acid solvent resulting in 8% w/w solid content was successfully prepared as spinning solution. According to SEM images, temperature and voltage have significant impact in producing continuous cellulose nanofibers without beads. A microscopic observation reveals the formation of nanofiber with an average diameter of 177 ± 25 nm. This narrow diameter distribution is a direct outcome of temperature, voltage, volumetric flow rate and tip to collector distance adjustment respectively on 60, 25 kv, 1 µl/hr and 10 cm. The biocompatibility tests using human skin fibroblast cell culture demonstrate the nontoxicity of cellulose nanofiber scaffold compared to a control sample.
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Wang, Bing, Yongang Li, Hongyu Si, Huiyuan Chen, Ming Zhang, and Tao Song. "Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of activated carbons based on hulless barley straw and plain wheat straw obtained by H3PO4 activation." BioResources 13, no. 3 (May 18, 2018): 5204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5204-5212.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High specific surface area activated carbon was prepared by improving the process conditions of phosphoric acid activation and hulless barley straw and plain wheat straw as raw materials. The effects of the activation time on the pore structure and specific surface area of two types of activated carbon were investigated. The results revealed that soaking straws in the high concentrations of H3PO4 for 0.5 h to ensure complete soaking and then removing the straws from H3PO4 solution to activate was beneficial to the infiltration of H3PO4 in the raw material, and there was an increase in the surface area of activated carbon. The largest specific surface area of activated carbon prepared from plain wheat straw and hulless barley straw was 1524 m2/g and 1885 m2/g, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed that the higher cellulose content, higher hemicellulose content, and smaller fiber morphology in hulless barley straw compared with wheat straw were the main reasons for the more abundant pore structure and higher specific surface area of the activated carbon.
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Lihawa, Lulu Fahriah, Itsna Wafiyatul Izzah, Khairum Hawari Qolbiyah Siregar, Kurnia Syarafina Ramadhanti, and Harum Azizah Darojati. "POTENTIAL OF RICE STRAW AS A NATURAL FIBER MATERIAL FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 15, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2021.15.2.6206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellulose is a material used in producing natural fibers, which is more environmentally friendly than synthetic fibers. Rice straw waste contains much cellulose and has potential as natural fiber. However, before the natural cellulose fiber is extracted from the rice straw, it must pass through several processes, such as chemicals or nuclear radiation, especially during the pretreatment process. Furthermore, the resulting natural fibers are utilized to replace synthetic fibers for use as raw materials in manufacturing several commercial products. This review describes a process that can be applied to manufacture natural fibers from rice straw and commercial products made from natural cellulose fibers.
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Lindemann, Martin, Anton Friedl, and Ewald Srebotnik. "Enhanced cellulose degradation of wheat straw during aqueous ethanol organosolv treatment." BioResources 12, no. 4 (October 30, 2017): 9407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.9407-9419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The degradation of cellulose in wheat straw during aqueous ethanol organosolv (AEO) treatment under different pulping conditions was investigated. For this purpose, molecular weight distribution (MWD) and degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting cellulose pulp were determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The most pronounced effects regarding cellulose degradation were observed when varying the ethanol-to-water ratio. UV detection in HPSEC indicated that residual lignin in wheat straw fibers from organosolv treatments does not occur in free form, but rather is associated with hemicellulose (xylan) and to a minor extent also with cellulose. The established method was suitable for relative comparisons of MWD of variously treated wheat straw fibers and hence for obtaining information regarding the severity of organosolv treatment in terms of cellulose degradation. In summary, AEO treatment at a low ethanol-to-water ratio favours the efficient delignification and removal of xylan from wheat straw, but this occurs at the price of a greatly reduced fiber quality in terms of DP.
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Laobussararak, Benjarat, Warawut Chulalaksananukul, and Orathai Chavalparit. "Comparison of Bacterial and Yeast Ethanol Fermentation Yield from Rice Straw." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was to investigate the fermentation of rice straw using various microorganisms, i.e., the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis, a distillery yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a co-culture of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rice straw was pretreated with alkaline and followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase before fermentation by the bacterium and a distillery yeast. Results show that alkali pretreatment is appropriate for rice straw since this pretreatment condition can produce the maximum cellulose of 88.96% and reducing sugar content of 9.18 g/l. Furthermore, the ethanol yield after enzymatic hydrolysis (expressed as % theoretical yield) was 15.94-19.73% for the bacterium, 20.48-35.70% for yeast and 21.56-29.89% for co-culture. Therefore, the distillery yeast was a suitable microorganism for ethanol production from rice straw.
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Chang, Juan, Qing Qiang Yin, Tian Bao Ren, An Dong Song, Rui Yu Zuo, and Hong Wei Guo. "Effect of Steam Explosion Pretreatment and Microbial Fermentation on Degradation of Corn Straw." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of steam explosion (2.5 MPa, 200s) and Trichoderma koningii (T. koningii) fermentation on corn straw degradation were evaluated according to straw degradation and enzyme activity in the fermented products. The results showed that the steam explosion pre-treatment for corn straw could reduce the contents of cellose, hemicellulose and lignin by 8.47%, 50.45% and 36.65%, respectively (P<0.05). After the pretreated corn straw with steam explosion was fermented by T. koningii for 6 days, the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the fermented straw were decreased by 19.37% and 63.54%, compared with the original corn straw (P<0.05); decreased by 11.83% and 26.41%, compared with the exploded straw (P<0.05). The filter paper cellulase, CMCase and amylase protease protease protease;activities in the fermented products were 356.39,5 599.90 and 834.00 U/g, respectively. It is concluded that the corn straw pre-treated by steam explosion and followed by T. koningii fermentation for 6 days seems to be a new prospective method for corn straw degradation and application.
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Huang, Weiwei, Erzhu Wang, Juan Chang, Ping Wang, Qingqiang Yin, Chaoqi Liu, Qun Zhu, and Fushan Lu. "Effect of physicochemical pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis on corn straw degradation and reducing sugar yield." BioResources 12, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 7002–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.7002-7015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Straw lignocelluloses were converted to reducing sugar for possible use for bioenergy production via physicochemical pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis. The experiment was divided into 2 steps. The first step focused on breaking the crystal structure and removing lignin in corn straw. The lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose degradation rates observed were 92.2%, 73.7%, and 4.6%, respectively, after corn straw was treated with sodium hydroxide (3% w/w) plus high-pressure steam (autoclave), 74.8%, 72.5%, and 4.3% after corn straw was treated with sodium hydroxide (8%, w/w) plus wet steam explosion, compared with native corn straw (P < 0.05). The second step was enzymatic hydrolysis for the pretreated straw. The enzymatic hydrolysis could yield 576 mg/g reducing sugar and significantly degrade cellulose and hemicellulose contents by 93.3% and 94.4% for the corn straw pretreated with sodium hydroxide plus high-pressure steam. For the corn straw pretreated with sodium hydroxide plus wet steam explosion, the enzymatic hydrolysis could yield 508 mg/g reducing sugar, and degrade cellulose and hemicellulose contents by 83.5% and 84.2%, respectively, compared with the untreated corn straw (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the physicochemical pretreatments plus enzymatic hydrolysis degraded corn straw to many small molecules. Thus, physicochemical pretreatments plus enzymatic hydrolysis converted lignocellulose to reducing sugar effectively.
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Elmahdy, Mai H., Ahmed F. Azmy, Eman El-Gebaly, Amal Saafan, and Yasser Gaber. "A Comparative Proteomic Study of Thermobifida Cellulosilytica TB100T Secretome Grown on Carboxymethylcellulose and Rice Straw." Open Biotechnology Journal 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Cellulose, the major component of the plant cell wall, is the most abundant and cheap polymer on earth. It can be used by varieties of cellulolytic enzymes. Cellulases can hydrolyze cellulose to its glucose monomers, which can be fermented to many biotechnological products, such as biochemicals, bioplastics, and biofuels. Actinomycetes are potential sources of cellulases. Objective: The current study sheds light on the cellulolytic activity of Thermobifida cellulosilytica, a previously isolated thermophilic actinomycete, and the analysis of the lignocellulases produced in the secretome as a result of induction by different carbon sources. Methods: The cellulolytic activity was qualitatively confirmed by Congo red method showing a large halo zone around the colonies. The activity was also assayed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The secretome analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) based proteomic approach. Results: The cellulolytic activity increased by two folds upon the growth of T. cellulosilytica on rice straw (RS) as a complex substrate comparatively to Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a simple one. These results were highly assured by LC-MS/MS. Where more proteins (n=31) were produced in the RS secretome, CMC produced only six proteins, including only one cellulase. Different classes of proteins produced in the RS secretome were cellulases (26%), hemicellulases (16%), proteases (10%), and others (48%). Conclusion: Lignocellulases are inducible enzymes. RS as a complex substrate induced T. cellulosilytica for the expression of more lignocellulolytic enzymes than CMC.
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Mamat Razali, Nur Amira, Wan Mohd Hanif Wan Ya'acob, Rusaini Athirah Ahmad Rusdi, and Fauziah Abdul Aziz. "Extraction of Rice Straw Alpha Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibres." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice straw cellulose a biomass materials, naturally found in abundance. It is low cost, eco-friendly and biodegradable. Alpha cellulose is prepared from rice straw using chemical method namely acid hydrolysis and alkaline treatment. Both of the samples treatments were bleached using sodium chlorite (NaClO2). Alkaline treatment shows higher in producing alpha cellulose, 20.68% rather than 12.20% by acid hydrolysis.
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Reddy, Narendra, and Yiqi Yang. "Natural cellulose fibers from soybean straw." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 14 (July 2009): 3593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.063.
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Gismatulina, Yu A., V. V. Budaeva, and G. V. Sakovich. "Cellulose nitrates from intermediate flax straw." Russian Chemical Bulletin 65, no. 12 (December 2016): 2920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-016-1678-3.
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NURLAILA, RIZKA. "Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan CMC (Carboximetil Cellulose)." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 15, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.69569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice straw is a waste from rice plants that contains 37.71% cellulose, 21.99% hemicellulose, and 16.62% lignin. High cellulose content in rice straw can be used as raw material for the manufacture of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a cellulose derivative widely used in food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic products industries as a thickener, stabilizer of emulsions, or suspensions and bonding. This study aims to process rice straw waste into CMC with variations in sodium monochloroacetate of 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The method used in this research is by synthesis using 15% NaOH solvent, with a reaction time of 3.5 hours and 5 grams of rice straw. The results showed that the best CMC was obtained at a concentration of 9 grams of sodium monochloroacete with a yield characterization of 94%, pH 6, water content of 13.39%, degree of substitution (Ds) of 0.80, and viscosity of 1.265 cP.
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Yan, Juntao, Jinhong Liu, Ya Sun, Guangsen Song, Deng Ding, Guozhi Fan, Bo Chai, Chunlei Wang, and Linbing Sun. "Investigation on the Preparation of Rice Straw-Derived Cellulose Acetate and Its Spinnability for Electrospinning." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice straw-derived cellulose (RSC) with purity of 92 wt.% was successfully extracted from rice straw by a novel and facile strategy, which integrated the C2H5OH/H2O autocatalytic process, dilute alkali treatment and H2O2 bleaching process. Influencing factors of the cellulose extraction were systematically examined, such as ethanol concentration, alkali concentration, H2O2 bleaching process and so on; the optimal extraction conditions of cellulose was determined. A series of rice straw-derived cellulose acetate (RSCA) with different degree of substitution (DS) were prepared by the acetylation reaction; the effects of Ac2O/cellulose ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the acetylation reaction were investigated. Results of FTIR and XRD analysis demonstrated that highly purified RSC and RSCA were prepared comparing with the commercial cellulose and cellulose acetate. Solubility analysis of RSCA with different DS indicated as-prepared RSCA with DS of 2.82 possessed the best solubleness, which was suitable for electrospinning. Moreover, the flexible RSCA fibrous membrane was easily fabricated by a facile electrospinning method. Our proposed method provided a strategy for realizing the high-value utilization of waste rice straw resource, as prepared RSC and RSCA can be used as chemical raw material, and electrospun RSCA fibrous membrane has various applications in medical materials, food packaging, water purification and so on.
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Umaningrum, Dewi, Maria Dewi Astuti, Radna Nurmasari, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin, Ani Mulyasuryani, and Diah Mardiana. "Variation of Iodine Mass and Acetylation Time On Cellulose Acetate Synthesis From Rice Straw." Indo. J Chem. Res. 8, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.7-dew.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellulose acetate is a membrane material that can be used in the sensor field. One source of cellulose acetate is from rice straw. This study aimed to study the effect of iodine mass and acetylation time on cellulose acetate synthesis from rice straw. The initial step is to isolate cellulose from rice straw, followed by cellulose acetate synthesis using iodine catalyst by varying the amount of iodine as much as 0.1-0.3 grams and acetylation time for 1 until 5 hours. The cellulose acetate was characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer, and its viscosity was determined. The result shows that the cellulose 33.63%. The maximum time of cellulose acetate acetylation is 2 hours with a mass of iodine 0.2 g. The yield of cellulose acetate was 14.98%, with an acetyl value of 19.11% and a degree of substitution of 0.89. The cellulose acetate produced has a low viscosity. The FTIR characterization of cellulose acetate shows O-H functional groups at 3333 cm-1, C-H functional groups at 2897 cm-1, carbonyl functional groups at 1722 cm-1 C-O functional groups at 1029 cm-1 that were identical in cellulose acetate compounds. The amount of iodine and the acetylation time affected the cellulose acetate product.
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Manyuchi, B., E. R. Ørskov, and R. N. Kay. "Effect of feeding small amounts of ammonia treated straw on degradation rate and intake of untreated straw in sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Supplements of readly digestible cellulose and hemicellulose enhance fibre degradation by promoting the growth of eellulolytic microbes in the rumen. In the current study supplements of ammonia treated straw were fed to a basal diet of untreated straw and intake, fibre digestion and rumen fermentation assessed.Four mature castrated male sheep weighing 50.5 to 69.6kg and fitted with permanent rumen cannulae were used. The experiment had a 4 x 4 latin square design such that the sheep were fed four diets and measurements taken oyer four periods. Each period consisted of 10 days adaptation and measurements taken for a further 8 days.The diets comprised untreated straw (control) ammonia treated straw (AS) or untreated straw together with 200g AS or 400g AS (200AS and 400AS respectively). Straw was treated with 3.5% ammonia (w/w). Untreated straw was supplemented with 1% urea (w/w). In addition both straws were supplemented with minerals and vitamins. Straw was chopped (4cm screen) prior to feeding. For diets 200AS and 400AS the treated and untreated stsaws were given in seperate troughs.
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Sato, Abas, Arief Widjaja, Khozin Asror, and Ayu Rahma Emilia. "Influence of alkaline addition on the composition and yield on the hydrothermal treatment of rice straw." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, no. 4 (August 25, 2019): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n4.1077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural waste is abundantly available in Indonesia, including rice straw. The largest components of rice straw are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making this material good enough as raw material for production of biogas, bioethanol, and other renewable fuels. The bonds in the cellulose and lignin in rice straw are strong and difficult to degrade which consequently will block the microorganisms to degrade them. In this study, a hydrothermal treatment was performed with the addition of NaOH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alkaline hydrothermal treatment on rice straw delignification, cellulose and hemicellulose solubility, the formation of reducing and furfural sugars, as well as the degrees of cellulose crystallinity. The variables used were NaOH concentration of 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/w total solid) and temperature were 100 ℃, 120 ℃, and 140 ℃. Treatment was performed using an autoclave with water and rice straw ratio of 8:1 with heating time for 2 hours. The results of this study showed that hydrothermal and NaOH treatment can increase rice straw organic degradation as indicated by increasing delignification of rice straw and increased levels of watersoluble sugars. The higher the temperature and the NaOH concentration, the more lignin and soluble hemicellulose content. Meanwhile, the reducing sugar increases with increasing temperature and NaOH concentration. Thermal decomposition rate has also occurred at lower temperature. It was found that the highest organic rice straw degradation occurs at higher temperature and NaOH concentration.
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Sjafarina, Hanna, Intan Syahbanu, and Nurlina Nurlina. "PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI SELULOSA JERAMI PADI DAN LIMBAH BOTOL PLASTIK POLIETILEN TEREFTALAT (PET) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v3i3.44154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research on the effect of variations in the composition of rice straw cellulose on the characteristics of biodegradable PET-Cellulose plastic. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of the composition of rice straw cellulose and PET on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic made from composite of rice straw cellulose and PET. This research was conducted in several stages, the isolation of cellulose from rice straw, recycling PET from mineral water bottle, mixing cellulose and PET, then testing the characteristics, the DTA-TGA thermal characteristic test, and degradation test with the soil burial test method. . In the thermal characteristics test there was a decrease in weight in samples with composition PET: cellulose 90:10; 60:40; and 50:50 each with 0.719; 0.710; 0.581 mg in the temperature range 38.30-68.32 ° C, 40.72-68.17 ° C, 41.45-80.40 ° C, while in the samples 80:20 and 70:30 there was no decrease in weight the temperature. In the sample 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 and 50; 50 there is a decrease in weight each of 4,045; 3,909; 3,464; 2,760 and 3,205 mg at temperatures 328, 16-430.65 ° C, 362.05-442.15 ° C, 349.96-439.82 ° C, 388.29-446.70 ° C, and 325.39-420.79 ° C. The degradation test using soil burial test method obtained percent weight loss in samples with PET composition: 70:30 cellulose which was 38.24%.
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SARKAR, AKASH M., MAISHA FARZANA, M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, YANGCAN JIN, and M. SARWAR JAHAN. "FUTURE CELLULOSE BASED INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH – A MINI REVIEW." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 5-6 (June 30, 2021): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Lignocellulosic products can contribute to a low carbon economy, which can support in achieving the sustainable development goals of a country. The demand for pulp and paper in the developing world is constantly increasing. Due to environmental awareness, interest in bio-based products is mounting, encouraging the establishment of integrated biorefineries. Bangladesh is facing an acute shortage of fibrous raw materials, as forest resources are limited. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of raw materials that would be available for pulping to future pulp industries in Bangladesh. Rice straw is the most abundant raw material in Bangladesh, followed by wheat straw. However, both rice and wheat straws contain a very high amount of silica, which restricts their use in pulping. An alternative technology has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of non-wood pulping, where all dissolved biomass fractions are used in the development of bio-based products. "
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Khoirunnisa, Nur Syafira, Syaiful Anwar, and Dwi Andreas Santosa. "The Effect of Microwave-Assisted Alkali and Xanthomonas t ranslucens ICBB 9762 for Rice Straw Pretreatment on Electricity Generation of Microbial Fuel Cell Inoculated by Staphylococcus saprophyticus ICBB 9554." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 20 (October 23, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice straw can be utilized as an organic substrate in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to generate electricity by microbes as a biocatalyst. This research was aimed to observe the effect of Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 inoculation pretreatment on microwave-assisted alkali treated rice straw on the lignocellulosic structure change of rice straw and to observe the performance of MFC system fed by treated rice straw. The stages of research included: (1) pretreatment of rice straw through microwave-assisted alkali and Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 inoculation, (2) observation of MFC performance including electrical voltage; electrical current; power density; and Coulombic efficiency, and (3) anolite analysis including COD removal, pH and Eh. The result showed that rice straw was successfully decomposed by inoculation of Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 on microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment which the highest cellulose yield about 29.36 %. Treated rice straw produced better performance than rice straw without pretreatment which the best performance resulted by the combination of Xanthomonas translucens ICBB 9762 inoculation and microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment which produce electrical voltage, electrical current, and power density value of 337.90 mV, 0.39 mA, and 26.20 mW/m2, respectively. The utilization of solid substrate such as rice straw need more attention due to there was COD enhancement while in COD reduction reach COD removal efficiency and coulombic efficiency ranged 5.15 - 54.08 % and 0.25 - 7.83 %, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS Microbial Fuel Cell fueled by lignocellulose substrate, which is rice straw Lignocellulose structure deconstruction through microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment A combination of microwave-assisted alkali and cellulose-degrading bacteria inoculation pretreatment for rice straw generate the highest electricity Electricity generation improvement in microbial fuel cell through mix culture between cellulose-degrading bacteria and exoelectrogen bacteria Cellulose degrading bacteria increase Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) due to the solubility of low molecular weight organic compounds increasing during microbial fuel cell incubation
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GHAZANFAR, MISBAH, MUHAMMAD IRFAN, MUHAMMAD NADEEM, HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR, MUHAMMAD KHAN, SHAUKAT ALI, SHAGUFTA SAEED, and TAHIR MEHMOOD. "ISOLATION OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM SOIL AND VALORIZATION OF DIFFERENT LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 7-8 (September 30, 2021): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellulases are known to convert cellulose into monomeric or dimeric structures, hence playing an important role in bioethanol production, along with their applications in textile and paper industries. This study was directed towards the isolation and screening of cellulase producing bacteria from different soil samples on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) agar plates, followed by Gram’s iodine staining. Six strains showed clear zones of hydrolysis on CMC agar plates. Isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus paralichniformis, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus wiedmanni by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains were cultivated by submerged fermentation for cellulase production using various lignocellulosic wastes, such as corn cob, rice husk, wheat straw, seed pods of Bombax ceiba and eucalyptus leaves. Results showed that Pseudomonas stutzeri is the best cellulase producer among these strains. It offered the highest cellulase activity of 170.9±4.1 (IU/mL/min) in media containing eucalyptus leaves after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, followed by Bacillus paralichniformis, Bacillus wiedmanni, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus aerius and Bacillus megaterium. These bacterial strains and lignocellulosic wastes could be potentially used for industrial exploitation, particularly in biofuels and textiles.
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Zhu, Qili, Yanwei Wang, Furong Tan, Bo Wu, Lichun Dai, Mingxiong He, and Guoquan Hu. "Promotion of Biogasification Efficiency by Pretreatment and Bioaugmentation of Corn Straw with Microbial Consortium." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To better understand the comparative effects between pretreatment and bioaugmentation methods on the promotion of corn straw biogasification efficiency, we analysed the cellulase activity, cellulose degradation rate, surface structure characteristics, and biogas production of corn straw that had been pretreated with aerobic microbial consortium (AMC). In addition, we also studied the effect of bioaugmentation using anaerobic microbial consortium (ANMC) on corn straw biogasification efficiency. The results from our study demonstrated that the cumulative methane generated from AMC and ANMC were 233.09 mL·g-1 VS and 242.56 mL·g-1 VS, which was increased compared to the control by 6.89% and 11.23%, respectively. We also observed that ANMC could also function to dramatically promote methane content during the anaerobic digestion of corn straw. This study demonstrated that AMC and ANMC were both able to promote the biogasification efficiency of corn straw, however, ANMC was found to perform better compared to AMC.
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Safwat, Engie, Mohammad L. Hassan, Sayed Saniour, Dalia Yehia Zaki, Mervat Eldeftar, Dalia Saba, and Mohamed Zazou. "Injectable TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose/biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel for bone regeneration." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32, no. 10 (March 19, 2018): 1371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328218763866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofibrillated cellulose, obtained from rice straw agricultural wastes was used as a substrate for the preparation of a new injectable and mineralized hydrogel for bone regeneration. Tetramethyl pyridine oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose, was mineralized through the incorporation of a prepared and characterized biphasic calcium phosphate at a fixed ratio of 50 wt%. The TEMPO-oxidized rice straw nanofibrillated cellulose was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and carboxylic content determination. The injectability and viscosity of the prepared hydrogel were evaluated using universal testing machine and rheometer testing, respectively. Cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase level tests on osteoblast like-cells for in vitro assessment of the biocompatibility were investigated. Results revealed that the isolated rice straw nanofibrillated cellulose is a nanocomposite of the cellulose nanofibers and silica nanoparticles. Rheological properties of the tested materials are suitable for use as injectable material and of nontoxic effect on osteoblast-like cells, as revealed by the positive alkaline phosphate assay. However, nanofibrillated cellulose/ biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel showed higher cytotoxicity and lower bioactivity test results when compared to that of nanofibrillated cellulose.
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Bassani, Andrea, Cecilia Fiorentini, Vellingiri Vadivel, Alessandro Moncalvo, and Giorgia Spigno. "Implementation of Auto-Hydrolysis Process for the Recovery of Antioxidants and Cellulose from Wheat Straw." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wheat straw is an easily affordable, cost-effective and natural source of antioxidants and cellulose, but its full potential is not yet utilized. In the present investigation, an auto-hydrolytic process was applied to recover both antioxidant phenolic compounds and cellulose from wheat straw. Two three-step acid/alkaline fractionation processes were applied differing for the first step: a conventional mild acid hydrolysis or an auto-hydrolysis. The liquors from the first step were analyzed for the recovery of antioxidants, while the final residues from the whole process were analyzed for cellulose yield and purity. The auto-hydrolysis process led to a higher yield in antioxidants but also in sugars (glucose and xylose) and sugar degradation products (5-HMF, 5-MF, furfural) than the acid hydrolysis process. The overall cellulose recovery (about 45% g/100 gcellulose wheat straw dm) and purity was comparable in the two processes; therefore, the auto-hydrolysis-based process could be recommended as a potentially more environmentally friendly process to recover antioxidants and cellulose from wheat straw for different applications. Finally, a first study on the optimization of hydrolysis step was provided from the point of view of improving the cellulose yield, monitoring the sugars release during both the acid hydrolysis and the auto-hydrolysis process.
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Dinh Vu, Ngo, Hang Thi Tran, Nhi Dinh Bui, Cuong Duc Vu, and Hung Viet Nguyen. "Lignin and Cellulose Extraction from Vietnam’s Rice Straw Using Ultrasound-Assisted Alkaline Treatment Method." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1063695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The process of cellulose and lignin extraction from Vietnam’s rice straw without paraffin pretreatment was proposed to improve economic efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. Treatment of the rice straw with ultrasonic irradiation for 30 min increased yields of lignin separation from 72.8% to 84.7%. In addition, the extraction time was reduced from 2.5 h to 1.5 h when combined with ultrasonic irradiation for the same extraction yields. Results from modern analytical methods of FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TG-DTA, and GC-MS indicated that lignin obtained by ultrasound-assisted alkaline treatment method had a high purity and showed a higher molecular weight than that of lignin extracted from rice straw without ultrasonic irradiation. The lignin and cellulose which were extracted from rice straw showed higher thermal stability with 5% degradation at a temperature of over 230°C. The ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction method was recommended for lignin and cellulose extraction from Vietnam’s rice straw.