Дисертації з теми "Straw cellulose"
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Theng, Dyna. "Feasibility of incorporating treated lignin and cellulose nanofiber in fiberboards made from corn stalk and rice straw." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461717.
Повний текст джерелаEls residus agrícoles tenen un gran interès per ser un material abundant , barat, àmpliament disponible a tot el món i renovable. Es tracta d'una bona opció per substituir la fusta, i presenta característiques físiques i químiques similars a aquesta. La present tesi doctoral estudia la possibilitat de substituir la fusta i els aglutinants sintètics per residus de cultius i adhesius naturals respectivament en la producció panell de fibres. La biomassa de blat de moro i arròs sotmesa a un tractament termomecànic (TMP)es va seleccionar com a matèria primera. El panell de fibra resultant d'ambdós residus sense cap tipus d'aglutinant presentaven propietats mecàniques més baixes que els panells comercials (que contenien un lligant sintètic). Respecte a les propietats físiques, es va observar un augment de volum i espessor al absorbir aigua menors en el panell de fibres naturals que no pas en els comercials. En general, el present estudi mostra una forma més sostenible i efectiva de produir panells de fibra a base de cel·lulosa sense utilitzar aglutinant sintètic, fet que contribueix a la millora d’aspectes tècnics i ambientals en el procés de fabricació dels panells de fibra
Warsame, Mohamed. "Saccharification of lignocellulose." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25910.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing energy demand and the anticipated decline in crude oil production has led to an immense search for new energy sources. Plant cell walls contain lignocellulose that conserve great amounts of energy. These polysaccharides are of high importance for the search of renewable energy sources. Pretreatment of the cell wall is necessary in order to hydrolyse it to its component sugars. Once degraded to monomeric sugars it can be fermented to either ethanol or biogas through established fermentation technologies.The aim of this thesis was to compare and evaluate some of the methods used for sacchrification of lignocellulose. Three treatments where compared to determine which is highest yielding. These are enzymatic hydrolysis, microwave irradiation and steam explosion.Wheat straw was used as substrate and hydrolysed by three commercial enzyme mixtures. Samples were pretreated before the enzymatic reaction with either microwave or steam explosion. Results showed that a treatment of either microwave irradiation or steam explosion combined with enzyme hydrolysis gives the highest yield in monomeric sugars. The conclusions that can be drawn are that mechanical pretreatment increases yield drastically but is insufficient in its self. Further enzymatic treatment of wheat straw is necessary to obtain high amounts of simple sugars.
Kupiainen, L. (Laura). "Dilute acid catalysed hydrolysis of cellulose – extension to formic acid." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200033.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Uusia menetelmiä etsitään kemikaalien, polttoaineiden ja energian valmistamiseen uusiutuvasta biomassasta. Eräs biomassa, ns. lignoselluloosa, koostuu pääasiassa selluloosasta, hemiselluloosasta ja ligniinistä. Selluloosa ja hemiselluloosa voidaan muuttaa hydrolyysin avulla niiden rakennuspalikoikseen eli sokereiksi. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy glukoosin tuottamiseen selluloosasta laimean happohydrolyysin menetelmällä. Happohydrolyysi kärsii rajoittuneesta glukoosin saannosta, mutta sillä on potentiaalia tulla lyhyen aikavälin ratkaisuksi biokemikaalien tuotannossa. Happohydrolyysin aikana selluloosaketju pilkkoutuu glukoosiksi, joka reagoi edelleen hajoamisreaktioiden kautta hydroksimetyylifurfuraaliksi, levuliini- ja muurahaishapoiksi ja kiinteäksi sivutuotteeksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kasvattaa ymmärrystämme monimutkaisesta happokatalysoidusta selluloosan hydrolyysistä. Glukoosin hajoamista ja selluloosan hydrolyysiä tutkittiin erikseen laboratoriokokein. Kineettistä mallinnusta käytettiin työkaluna arvioimaan tuloksia. Vety-ionien vaikutus reaktioihin arvioitiin käyttämällä muurahais- ja rikkihappoja katalyytteinä. Tämä väitöskirja antaa uutta tietoa selluloosan hydrolyysistä ja glukoosin hajoamisreaktioista muurahaishapossa, joka on uusi katalyytti korkean lämpötilan laimean hapon hydrolyysissä. Glukoosisaannot muurahaishappo-hydrolysoidusta selluloosasta olivat vertailukelpoisia vastaaviin rikkihappo-hydrolyysi saantoihin. Tämä viittaa siihen, että heikko orgaaninen happo voisi toimia selluloosahydrolyysin katalyyttinä. Kun katalyyttinä käytettiin muurahaishappoa, vehnän oljesta tehdyt kuidut hydrolysoituivat selektiivisemmin glukoosiksi kuin mallikomponenttina toimineen mikrokiteisen selluloosan. Kun vetyionikonsentraation lämpötilariippuvuus otettiin huomioon, glukoosi hajosi samalla tavalla sekä muurahais- että rikkihappokatalyytissä, mutta merkittävä ero havaittiin selluloosahydrolyysin reaktionopeudessa. Havainnot voidaan selittää selluloosahydrolyysin mekanismissa tapahtuvilla muutoksilla. Väitöskirjassa esitetään, että sivureaktioilla selluloosasta ei-glukoosi-tuotteiksi on merkittävä vaikutus systeemiin
Melichar, Jindřich. "Optimalizace hliněných stavebních prvků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216899.
Повний текст джерелаРиляков, Ілля Леонідович. "Підвищення ефективності технології виробництва сигаретного паперу". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/38492.
Повний текст джерелаTheme actuality. Expansion of the raw material base of the pulp and paper industry of Ukraine due to the use of pulp from agricultural waste. Production of cigarette paper and ensuring the stability of its quality through the use of the latest advances in paper production and modern technologies for pulp production. The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation is to study the features of cigarette paper and improve the technology of its production to improve product quality. To achieve the goal, you need to solve the following tasks: - acquaintance with the properties of cigarette paper; - to obtain straw cellulose by oxidative-organosolvent method of delignification and to investigate its paper-forming properties; - to improve the technological process of cigarette paper production; - select and calculate the main technological equipment. - to analyze the potential of this work for use in startups. Object of study: the process of making document paper. Subject of study: processes of production of straw cellulose and production of cigarette paper. Methods of study: technological parameters of the process of delignification of wheat straw chips, parameters of the processes of forming, pressing, gluing and drying of paper web. The practical value of the obtained results: the proposed technological stream for the production of cigarette paper with the use of straw pulp will improve the quality of finished products and reduce its cost. Approval of the thesis results: The main provisions of the dissertation were reported and discussed at the international international conference IV international scien-tific and practical conference. The world of science and innovation, London, United Kingdom, 11-13 November, 2020.
Mileo, Patrícia Câmara. "Estudo do uso de ligninas como agente compatibilizante em compósitos de polipropileno reforçados com celulose de bagaço e palha de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-05082015-152125/.
Повний текст джерелаThe need of developing new materials that attend economic and environmental aspects leads to the search of using natural resources for various technological applications. Thus, the development of polymeric composite materials using natural fibers as reinforcement is growing, and occupying new market segments, due to the low cost of fibers, biodegradability, low density and good mechanical properties. This work aimed to separate the main components of sugarcane straw and bagasse for obtaining chemical products with higher economic value, it proposes the obtaining and characterization of cellulose, which will be used as a reinforcement, and of the lignin that will act as coupling agent in polymeric composites. To achieve these objectives, it was carried out a dilute acid pretreatment of straw and bagasse of sugar cane, followed by a step of delignification with NaOH. The pulps of bagasse and straw were submitted to a pre-bleaching with xylanase and a bleaching step, composed by an alkaline extraction, EDTA chelation and a treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The black liquor was acidified for the precipitation of the lignins. After washing, drying and milling, the lignins obtained were subjected or not to an oxidation reaction in acid medium with hydrogen peroxide. In addition to the chemical characterization of the fractions at each stage of processing, the Kappa number and viscosity were determined, and it was also made measures of DRX and MEV for bagasse and straw. The confirmation of the oxidation reaction of the lignins was analysed by NMR, FTIR, MEV and TGA/DSC. The composites were obtained by mixing in thermokinetic mixer and once injected, they were characterized by mechanical tests, thermal analysis, microscopy, FTIR, contact angle and surface energies, water absorption and dynamic vapor sorption. The results obtained by the chemical characterization, Kappa number and viscosity indicated a great solubilization of hemicelluloses and lignin during all stages of production of bleached cellulose, both from bagasse and straw, but it was also observed an expressive cellulose loss. The results of DRX showed a great decrease of cellulose crystallinity, for both biomasses, demonstrating that the removal of hemicellulose and lignin affected the structure of cellulose. The FTIR and NMR results confirmed the change in structure of the lignins after oxidation. The mixing time of composites varied with the composition and the presence or absence of lignin/oxidized lignin. From TGA analyses it was observed that the composites PP/cellulose without the addition of oxidized lignin/lignin showed an initial degradation temperature lower than the composites in which lignin was used as an additive. The DSC curves of composites presents profile and temperature peaks and enthalpies of fusion similar to pure PP. Lignin has no remarkable effect on the mechanical properties of the composites, and the improvement in these properties is mainly due to the incorporation of the cellulosic fibers. MEV pictures of lignins showed that the oxidation had a great effect on the surface of this material. From the analysis of the static contact angle for lignins, it was observed that the oxidation produced a more hydrophobic material. The energies of surface showed that the composites have a more hydrophobic surface than the pure PP. FTIR curves of materials were quite similar, however the greatest differences were in the intensity of the bands corresponding to the hydroxyl groups present in the fibers and the aromatic rings of lignin structure. DVS results showed that the moisture absorption of composites is very low, and corroborates the results of water absorption.
Kohler, Stefanie. "Pyrolyse rapide de biomasses et de leurs constituants. Application à l'établissement de lois prévisionnelles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL017N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe fast pyrolysis of different types of celluloses, lignins, xylanes as well as different mixtures of these basic compounds and two real biomasses (birch wood and wheat straw) has been studied in an image furnace. The mass loss rates of each of the studied model compounds are very different, but usually higher for cellulose than xylane and higher for xylane than lignins. Lignins begin to react before xylane and cellulose. For a given pyrolysis time, lignins produce more char than xylane. Char formation from cellulose remains insignificant, close to zero. Microgranular cellulose gives mainly rise to vapours and very little gas is formed. Cellulose extracted from birch wood shows an intermediate behaviour between microgranular cellulose and lignins. Production rates of gases are higher than those of vapours for xylan. Regarding the mixtures of these three compounds, an intermediate behaviour can be observed. Birch wood is more reactive than wheat straw. Its pyrolytic behaviour is similar with that of cellulose extracted from birch wood with regard to concerning mass loss rates and vapours formation. A simple additive correlation relying on mass loss rates and products formations rates is elaborated and the results compared to the experimental values. It appears that inorganics play an important role in biomass pyrolysis : the pyrolytic behaviour of wheat straw, a biomass which is rich in inorganics, cannot be described by simple additive correlations. Less significant gaps between expected rates obtained by the correlations and the observed rates obtained by the experiments are found for synthetic mixtures and birch wood. In conclusion, the hypothesis of linear correlations cannot be supported for representing the products formations rates. A complete mathematical model is then developed revealing a non-linear behaviour of the variations of mass losses and products formations. Except for wheat straw, new additive correlations are then determined. The agreement with the experimental results is very satisfying with regard to the measurements accuracies
Brahim, Marwa. "Délignification assistée par traitements physiques et chimiques à partir de résidus de colza." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2317/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of plant biorefinery, especially for bioethanol production, pretreatment step is important to reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass and to increase the reactivity towards enzymatic / biological conversion processes. Recalcitrance is mainly due to the presence of lignin and crystalline cellulose. The goal of any pretreatment of biomass is to alter the structure of the lignocellulosic material in order to increase the accessibility of cellulose and hemicellulose to the enzymes. Conventional pretreatments include aggressive steps, using harmful reagents and exposing the material to high temperatures and pressures for long periods. In this work, we developed a new process for delignification of rapeseed residues, combining physical pretreatments (ultrasounds (US), microwaves (MW)) and electrotechnologies (PEF, HVED)) to conventional chemical pretreatments (Organosolv, alkaline). This coupling has improved the process in terms of phytomelanin extraction yield (up to 40 % gain) in the case of rapeseed hulls and delignification efficiency (more than 2 times more efficient than the chemical process performed alone) in the case of rapeseed straw while reducing for most studied technologies the severity of the overall process. Characterization through electron microscopy revealed changes in plant tissue represented by the appearance of pores in the treated rapeseed hulls and fiber breakdown of treated rapeseed straw inducing better enzymatic hydrolysis performance. However, loss of sugars from cellulose and hemicellulose was observed with physical pretreatments. Analysis of the recovered lignins allowed us to observe lignin modifications during physical treatments such as recondension reactions in presence of ultrasounds and cleavage of ferulates bridges with high-voltage electrical discharges. Then the formulation of « eco-sourced » adhesives from phytomélanins extracted by the previous studied processes was attempted. Finally, a study of the impact of innovative technologies in terms of technical and economic performances was carried out to consider a scale-up of these technologies. It was concluded that physical step enhanced the profitability of this biorefinery
Mileo, Patrícia Câmara. "Aplicações da celulose de palha de cana-de-açúcar: obtenção de derivados partindo de celulose branqueada e de biocompósitos com poliuretana obtida a partir de óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-24102012-120717/.
Повний текст джерелаThe sugarcane processing generates various agricultural byproducts such as bagasse and straw, which is considered one of the main waste generated due to the mechanization of the harvest in Brazil. Thus, the availability and composition of sugarcane straw have driven a great effort to develop technologies that provide its effective utilization. This study aimed to separate the main components of sugarcane straw to obtain chemical products with higher economic value, and the proposed obtainment is the modification and characterization of cellulose biomass to be used in the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) based on the bleached pulp through a combination of chemical process with the enzyme, using xylanase. It was also studied the influence in mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polyurethane obtained from castor oil (Ricinus Communis L.) reinforced composites. Sugarcane straw was pretreated by steam explosion, delignified, treated with xylanase and bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The bleached cellulose obtained was used to produce CMC. It was determined the mass gain and the degree of substitution of the obtained CMC. The delignified pulp (cellulose) was used as reinforcement in composites of polyurethane obtained from castor oil. The biocomposites were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), and it was also determined the mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption. The incorporation of sugarcane straw fibers in the polyurethane matrix improved the mechanical properties compared with the pure matrix, and a possible reduction in the costs of production suggests a industrial application of the material.
Wood, Ian P. "Improving Brassica napus straw for cellulosic ethanol production." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52206/.
Повний текст джерелаCoghlan, David St John. "A biochemical study of the cellulases of Volvariella volvacea." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240257.
Повний текст джерелаHurčíková, Andrea. "Využití odpadů z potravinářských výrob." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216361.
Повний текст джерелаSong, Letian. "Study and Engineering of a GH11 endo-beta-xylanase, a biomass-degrading hemicellulase." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0039/document.
Повний текст джерелаEngineering new and powerful enzymes for biomass hydrolysis is one area that will facilitate thefuture development of biorefining. In this respect, xylanases from family GH11 are already importantindustrial biocatalysts that can contribute to 2nd generation biorefining. The target of this study, theGH11 xylanase (Tx-Xyl) from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is thermostable, and is thus an interestingtarget for enzyme engineering, aiming at increasing its specific activity on lignocellulosic biomass,such as wheat straw. Nevertheless, the action of xylanases on complex biomass is not yet wellunderstood, and thus the use of a rational engineering approach is not really feasible.In this doctoral study, to gain new insight into structure-function relationships, two enzymeengineering strategies have been deployed. The first concerns the development of a randommutagenesis and in vitro DNA shuffling approach, which was used in order to improve the hydrolyticpotency of Tx-Xyl on wheat straw, while the second strategy consisted in the creation of a chimericenzyme, with the aim of probing and improving -3 subsite binding, and ultimately improvinghydrolytic activity.The first key results that has been obtained is the development of a novel high-throughputscreening method, which was devised in order to reliably pinpoint mutants that can better hydrolyzewheat straw. Using this screening method, several generations of mutant libraries have beenanalyzed and a series of improved enzyme variants have been identified. One mutant, bearing silentmutations, actually leads to higher gene expression, while others have intrinsically altered catalyticproperties. Testing of mutants has shown that some of the enzyme variants can improve thesolubilization of wheat straw arabinoxylans and can work in synergy with cellulose cocktails torelease both pentose sugars and glucose.Using a semi-rational approach, 17 amino acids have been added to the N-terminal of Tx-Xyl, withthe aim of adding two extra β-strands coming from a GH11 fungal xylanase. A chimeric enzyme hasbeen successfully expressed and purified and its catalytic properties have been investigated.Although this approach has failed to create increased -3 subsite binding, the data presented revealsimportant information on structure-function relationships and suggest that Tx-Xyl may possess ahitherto unknown secondary substrate binding site. Moreover, a rational explanation for the failureof the original strategy is proposed
Osaki, Márcia Regina. "Análise de um modelo de conversão de cana-de-açúcar em vetores energéticos através da integração de tecnologias 1G e 2G: simulação de Monte Carlo para otimização multiobjetivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-12012015-192659/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to find the best scenarios for production of the energy vectors ethanol and electricity from sugarcane bagasse and straw, considering variables as mass flow rate destined to each process, biomass composition and fibers composition in a sugarcane plant. The model is comprehensive with multiobjective optimization and was able to show that biomass has a characteristic set of properties in the vicinity of the maximum limits of energy (Paretos frontier). In order to generate the stochastic variables of interest as humidity, fiber content and fiber properties as well as the amounts of biomass destined to energy and ethanol it was applied the Monte Carlo method. The contribution of each variable to the optimized production of energy vectors was assessed by probability distribution and showed that the ideal conversion occurs for high fiber and low humidity contents. The fiber compositions of the bagasse and straw had a secondary importance on the conversion routes, with lignin playing a prominent role. The model indicated that straw has a less relevant role in the optimization, possibly because it is used in smaller quantities and has a narrower variation of its properties.
N'tumba-Byn, Thierry. "Mécanismes d’action des perturbateurs endocriniens bisphénol A et phtalates sur le développement du testicule fœtal." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T006/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor several years, an increase in the incidence of pathologies connected to the male reproductive functions has been described in numerous studies. These anomalies are classified under the term “testicular dysgenesis syndrome”. This syndrome might find its origins in the deleterious effects of environmental pollutants on the testis development in fetal period. Among theses environmental pollutants, phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are the most produced plasticizers found in products of common use. Many studies were performed in order to determine their effects, and allowed to classify them as endocrine disruptors because of their reprotoxic effects. My thesis work is a study of the effects of these two endocrine disruptors on the fetal testis development.Our first study focuses on the effects of BPA on the fetal testis development. Using the organotypic culture model, we developed our study in three species: rat, mouse and human. We demonstrated that BPA decreases the testosterone secretion in the human fetal testis from a 10-8M concentration, while in rat and mouse the testosterone secretion is only affected by 10-5M BPA. We also demonstrated a decreased Insl-3 gene expression, in the same conditions. These results allowed us to evidence a difference of sensibility between species. To understand the mechanisms involved in the BPA toxic effect, we compared it with the effect of DES, another endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity. Unlike BPA, DES decreases the fetal testosterone secretion in rodents and not in human. This result suggests the involvement of two different signalisation pathways for these two xenoestrogens. This hypothesis is reinforced by the study that we performed in mice invalidated for the estrogen receptor ERα. In those mice, the anti-androgenic effect of BPA is maintained, unlike DES effect.In parallel, we investigated the mechanisms of action of phtalates and particularly of their most prevalent active metabolite, the MEHP (mono-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate). Following previous studies performed in our laboratory concerning the effects of MEHP, we intended to understand the mechanisms by which MEHP induces the apoptosis in male germ cells. We evidenced an increase in Stra8 gene expression in MEHP treated germ cells. This result suggests that MEHP might induce a wrong differentiation in male germ cells. Furthermore, we investigated the receptors and the signalisation pathway activated by MEHP. We observe that PPARα and PPARγ receptors agonists induce the same phenotypes as MEHP, namely an increase in the apoptosis and in Stra8 gene expression in germ cells
Oliveira, Luís Ricardo Martins. "Estudo de alternativas de pré-tratamento e hidrólise do bagaço e palha de cana-de-açúcar para obtenção de etanol a partir de celulose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-30082013-142751/.
Повний текст джерелаAfter the oil crises occurred in the last century, many countries have been to develop new fuels to reduce dependence on this natural resource. Brazil was one of them and created the National Alcohol Program (Pro-álcool) to promote the production of ethanol. Today, more than 80% of the national vehicles run on ethanol or with a mixture of gasoline and ethanol. To supply the growing demand for ethanol, without it to affect the food production farmland, sources of lignocellulosic materials can be used in order to take advantage of the cellulosic fraction for production of fermentable sugar. This work had objective to evaluate the effect of pretreatment technologies of sugarcane byproducts (bagasse and straw), followed or not by a stage of delignification, on the cellulose enzymatic conversion of each biomass. The lignocellulosic materials were pretreated by steam explosion (bagasse), vapor impregnation (straw) and ultrasound (bagasse and straw). The steam explosion pretreatment was carried out in 5 m3 industrial reactor under the condition of 200 °C for 7 min, from Usinas de Açúcar, Álcool e Biodiesel Vale do Rosário. The steam impregnation pretreatment was carried out in 20 L reactor under conditions of 180, 185, 190, 195 °C for 10 min and 190 °C for 15 min. The ultrasound pretreatment was performed in the ultrasonic bath at 55 °C for 40 min and 40 kHz/120W radiation. The pretreated materials were deslignified on condition of 1% (w/v) NaOH, 100 °C for 1 h, using different sizes of reactors due to amount of biomass available. For the steam exploded bagasse, one stage of organosolv delignification was also tested varying the conditions in a L18 Taguchi matrix. The enzymatic hydrolysis tests were performed using Celluclast 1.5L (15 FPU/g of material) and ?-Glucosidase (10 IU/g of material). From three pretreatment techniques evaluated (steam explosion, steam impregnation and ultrasonic), only the vapor-based methods were efficient in the breakdown of the constituents of sugarcane byproducts. These methods were able to remove most of the hemicellulose (above 70%) and a part of the lignin (<40%), increasing the cellulose digestibility by cellulolytic enzymes (conversion 66-68%). The ultrasound pretreatment increases the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials both for the caustic soda and for cellulases. Therefore, this pretreatment method is not indicated, within the conditions range assessed, for a conversion process of sugarcane byproducts to fermentable sugars. The delignification stage with caustic soda was essential to increase the digestibility of lignocellulosic materials pretreated by steam explosion or ultrasound. However, for the straw pretreated hydrothermically, the alkaline extraction did not cause a positive effect on the enzymatic conversion of cellulose. Overall, it was observed that sugarcane bagasse has a slightly higher potential for conversion to fermentable sugars in relation to sugarcane straw.
Pinto, Fábio Henrique Paschoal Bianchi. "Etanol celulósico: um estudo de viabilidade econômico-financeira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8273.
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The rapid expansion of cultivation of sugarcane, essentially held from 2004, in the State of São Paulo, one of the most traditional and well localized of country in terms of logistics and proximity of large consumer centres, as well as in other states not so privileged, raised several discussions about the sustainability of the sector and possible breakthrough in land which, directly or indirectly, would undermine food production in the country. This encouraged the rapid industry organization, through its principal representative, UNICA, which initiated an irreversible process of professionalization and consolidation of large groups with a view to strengthening growth and to meet the challenges of "commoditization" of their products: sugar and ethanol. In this context, after project implementations as the "Green Ethanol Protocol" and "Agro-Envirnomental Zoning for the sugar-alcohol sector of the State of São Paulo" and subsequently "Agro-Ecological Zoning of cane" in Brazil, and dissemination of RFS2 "– Renewable Fuel Standard 2", in the United States, which may be considered key milestones to indicate that the industry must involve, either by socio-environmental, whether through external market growth opportunity (USA), and also without forgetting the growing fleet of vehicles flex-fuel in Brazil, it tries to develops at wide steps, evident that with greater focus and investment in the United States, in order to obtain greater industrial productivity, with the same amount of sugar cane planted area, which would accomplishes the two calls: the sustainability and the opening of the market. The second-generation ethanol is the central subject, and with greater expectation today, to the expected evolution of one of the fastest growing sectors and participation in the Brazilian economy. The laboratory researches demonstrate productive viability for this second-generation ethanol through cellulosic material hydrolysis, but the major problems are related to the absence of plants with commercial production scale, high processing time (enzymatic hydrolysis) and deterioration of equipment involved in the process (hydrolysis), and also the need for better studies to understand the replacement of bagasse to sugar cane trash in the process of electricity generation in the mills. This work showed, besides its limitations and due to the considered parameters, that the economic feasibility of second generation is a little bit far to be achieved and it’s dependent of the future prices of ethanol. The additional 85% (eight five percent) yield of ethanol liters per ton of sugarcane and price of R$ 800 (eight hundred reais) per cubic meters are input data, feasible to be obtained, in thesis, the net income but not the NPV. The incognits are the velocity for large scale production plant development and the prices behavior in face of the analyzed perspectives. In front of the achieved re results and discussion exposed, there are clealy possibilities for self-affirmation of the sector, which after decades of unsuccessful initiatives such as the Proálcool, and critics to their sustainability policies (social and environmental), can have a promising scenario for the perpetuation of its hegemony and avant-garde in the production of biofuel (ethanol), food (sugar) and electric power.
A rápida expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, essencialmente ocorrida a partir de 2004, tanto no Estado de São Paulo, um dos mais tradicionais e mais bem localizado do país, em termos de logística e proximidade de grandes centros consumidores, bem como em outros não tão privilegiados, levantou diversas discussões sobre a sustentabilidade do setor e eventual avanço em terras que, direta e indiretamente, prejudicariam a produção de alimentos no país. Esse evento desencadeou uma rápida reorganização do setor, através de sua principal entidade representativa, a UNICA, e, fundamentalmente, iniciou um processo irreversível de profissionalização e consolidação de grandes grupos com o intuito de crescimento e fortalecimento para fazer frente aos desafios da 'comoditização' integral de seus produtos: o açúcar e o etanol. Nesse âmbito, após implementações de projetos como o 'Protocolo Etanol Verde' e o 'Zoneamento Agroambiental para o Setor Sucroalcooleiro do Estado de São Paulo', e posteriormente o 'Zoneamento Agro-Ecológico da Cana-de-Açúcar', no Brasil, e divulgação da 'RFS2 – Renewable Fuel Standard 2', nos Estados Unidos, os quais podem ser considerados pontos fundamentais para a indicação de que o setor deveria evoluir, seja via sócio-ambiental, ou através da oportunidade de crescimento do mercado externo (EUA), sem esquecer a crescente frota de veículos flex-fuel no Brasil, e tenta evoluir a passos largos, evidentemente que com maior enfoque e investimento tecnológico nos Estados Unidos, no sentido de obter maior produtividade industrial, com a mesma quantidade de área de cana plantada, o que atenderia aos dois apelos: o de sustentabilidade e o de abertura de mercado. O etanol de segunda geração é o assunto central, e de maior expectativa atualmente, para a esperada evolução de um dos setores de maior crescimento e participação na economia brasileira. As pesquisas de laboratório demonstram viabilidade produtiva do etanol de segunda geração, através da hidrólise do material celulósico, mas os grandes problemas estão relacionados à ausência de plantas com escala de produção comercial, elevado tempo de processamento (hidrólise enzimática) e deterioração de equipamentos envolvidos no processo (hidrólise ácida), além da necessidade de melhores estudos, para entendimento da substituição do bagaço pela palha da cana-de-açúcar, no processo de geração de energia elétrica nas unidades industriais. Este trabalho demonstrou, considerando suas limitações e parâmetros, que a viabilidade econômica para o etanol de segunda geração está um pouco distante de ser atingida e depende do preço futuro do etanol. O rendimento adicional de 85% (oitenta e cinco por cento) de litros de etanol, por tonelada de cana processada, e o preço de R$ 800 (oitocentos reais) o metro cúbico, são dados de entrada em tese factíveis de serem obtidos para geração de lucro líquido, mas não para o VPL. As incógnitas são a velocidade do desenvolvimento da planta de grande escala de produção e comportamento de preços diante das perspectivas analisadas. Diante dos resultados obtidos e do exposto, há a clara possibilidade de autoafirmação do setor que, após décadas de insucessos, como o do Proálcool, e críticas às suas políticas de sustentabilidade (sócio-ambiental), vislumbra um cenário promissor para a perpetuação de sua hegemonia e vanguarda na produção de biocombustível (etanol), alimento (açúcar) e energia elétrica.
"Purification, characterization and localization of cellulolytic enzymes produced by the straw mushroom, volvariella volvacea." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888856.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-207).
Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Biochemistry of cellulose degradation --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- "Occurrence, distribution and structure of cellulose" --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Cellulose-degrading microorganisms --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Cellulolytic bacteria --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Cellulolytic fungi --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.3 --- An overview of fungal cellulases --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Endoglucanase (EG) --- p.7
Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Cellobiohydrolase (CBH) --- p.16
Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- β-Glucosidase (BGL) --- p.25
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Synergism between the different components of the cellulolytic systems of filamentous fungi --- p.28
Chapter 1.1.5 --- Molecular genetics of cellulases --- p.31
Chapter 1.2 --- Secretion of cellulases by filamentous fungi --- p.32
Chapter 1.2.1. --- Overview of enzyme secretion in filamentous fungi --- p.33
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Glycosylation --- p.35
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Protein secretion and the fungal cell wall --- p.37
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Factors affecting protein secretion --- p.38
Chapter 1.3 --- Volvariella volvacea --- p.39
Chapter 1.4 --- Project aims --- p.43
Materials and methods
Chapter 2.1 --- Organisms and culture conditions --- p.44
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Basal medium --- p.44
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Culture conditions for biomass and enzyme production on different carbon sources --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Culture conditions for large-scale enzyme production for purification --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Culture conditions for confocal microscopy --- p.46
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Culture conditions for electron microscopy --- p.47
Chapter 2.2 --- Mycelial extracts --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Large scale extraction --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Small scale extraction --- p.48
Chapter 2.3 --- Enzyme purification --- p.48
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Cell-associated enzymes (β-glucosidases) --- p.48
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extracellular enzymes --- p.50
Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Purification of cellulase complex --- p.50
Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Purification of CBH --- p.51
Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Purification of endoglucanase-III --- p.53
Chapter 2.3.2.4 --- Partial purification of β-glucosidases --- p.55
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Other purification methods --- p.56
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- FPLC Phenylsuperose hydrophobic interaction chromatography --- p.56
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Affinity gel chromatography --- p.56
Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Isoelectric focusing by Rotorfor --- p.57
Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- Preparative gel electrophoresis --- p.57
Chapter 2.3.3.5 --- (NH4)2S04 Precipitation --- p.58
Chapter 2.4 --- Electrophoresis --- p.59
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Mini Protean-II system (BioRad) --- p.59
Chapter 2.4.2 --- PhastGel system (Pharmacia) --- p.60
Chapter 2.5 --- Enzyme assays --- p.61
Chapter 2.5.1 --- β-Glucosidase --- p.61
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Endoglucanase --- p.63
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Cellobiohydrolase --- p.65
Chapter 2.6 --- β-Glucosidase characterization studies --- p.66
Chapter 2.6.1 --- pH optimum --- p.66
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Temperature optimum --- p.66
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Thermal stability --- p.66
Chapter 2.6.4 --- Kinetic parameters --- p.67
Chapter 2.6.5 --- Enzyme inhibitor studies --- p.67
Chapter 2.6.6 --- Effect of lignin-derived phenolic monomers --- p.67
Chapter 2.6.7 --- Substrate specificity towards p-nitrophenyl-linked glycosides --- p.67
Chapter 2.6.8 --- "Substrate specificity towards different cellulosic substrates, mono- and disaccharides, hemicellulose, sugar alcohols and saponins" --- p.68
Chapter 2.6.9 --- Cellulose-binding assay --- p.68
Chapter 2.6.10 --- Effect of purified β-glucosidase on the production of glucose from crystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose by Aspergillus niger cellulase --- p.69
Chapter 2.7 --- Miscellaneous analytical methods --- p.69
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Protein determination --- p.69
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Determination of isoelectric points --- p.69
Chapter 2.7.3 --- Activity staining of gels for cellulolytic enzyme activity --- p.70
Chapter 2.7.4 --- Staining for glycoprotein --- p.71
Chapter 2.7.5 --- Molecular weight determination --- p.71
Chapter 2.8 --- "Production, purification and specificity of antibodies to β-glucosidases and EG-III" --- p.72
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Antibodies to β-glucosidases --- p.72
Chapter 2.8.2 --- Antibodies to EG-III --- p.74
Chapter 2.9 --- Immunocytochemical studies --- p.75
Chapter 2.9.1 --- Confocal laser scanning microscopy --- p.75
Chapter 2.9.1.1 --- β-Glucosidases --- p.75
Chapter 2.9.1.2 --- Endoglucanase-III --- p.75
Chapter 2.9.2 --- Transmission electron microscopy --- p.76
Chapter 2.9.3 --- Scanning electron microscopy --- p.77
Chapter 2.10 --- Chemicals --- p.77
Results
Chapter 3.1 --- "Effect of culture conditions on the growth of, and the production of cellulolytic enzymes, by V. volvacea" --- p.79
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Growth --- p.79
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Endoglucanases --- p.81
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Cellobiohydrolase --- p.84
Chapter 3.1.4 --- β-Glucosidase --- p.87
Chapter 3.2 --- Purification of cellulolytic enzymes from V. volvacea --- p.92
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Preliminary purification of V. volvacea extracellular cellulolytic enzymes --- p.92
Chapter 3.2.1.1. --- (NH4)2SO4 precipitation --- p.92
Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Ultrafiltration --- p.94
Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Batch adsorption by anion exchanger --- p.94
Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Separation by column chromatography --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.2 --- CBH enzymes …… --- p.102
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Endoglucanase enzymes --- p.106
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Cell-associated β-glucosidase enzymes --- p.113
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Extracellular β-glucosidase enzymes --- p.120
Chapter 3.3 --- Characterization of cell-associated β-glucosidases from V. volvacea --- p.122
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Influence of pH and temperature --- p.122
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Enzyme stability --- p.125
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Kinetic parameters --- p.128
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Enzyme inhibitors --- p.131
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Substrate specificity --- p.137
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Cellulose-binding and hydrolysing properties --- p.139
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Molecular weights and isoelectric points --- p.142
Chapter 3.4 --- Immunocytochemical studies on cellulolytic enzymes from V. volvacea --- p.146
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Cell-associated β-glucosidase --- p.146
Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- "Production, specificity and purification of polyclonal antibody" --- p.146
Chapter 3.4.1.2. --- Localization --- p.151
Chapter 3.4.1.3. --- Localization of cell-associated β-glucosidases by immuno- labelling --- p.151
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Endoglucanase-III --- p.161
Discussion
Chapter 4.1 --- Production --- p.163
Chapter 4.2 --- Composition of cellulolytic enzyme system of V. volvacea --- p.168
Chapter 4.3 --- Properties --- p.172
Chapter 4.4 --- Localization --- p.179
References --- p.185
Wu, Nan. "Development of Flexible and Optically Transparent Composite Film with Wheat Straw Nanofibres." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33706.
Повний текст джерелаMirhosseini, Shayan. "Pretreatment of wheat straw with superheated steam and boiling water, its effect on cellulose structure, and fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30777.
Повний текст джерелаOctober 2015
"Effect of pretreatment on the breakdown of lignocellulosic matrix in barley straw as feedstock for biofuel production." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-10-1609.
Повний текст джерелаYEH, YU-HSUAN, and 葉宇軒. "Effects of various pretreatment of rice straw on the cellulase production by Bacillus sp." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04855352022446074438.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程研究所
100
Lignocellulosic biomass and crop wastes have been considered as potential sustainable feedstocks for energy production. Rice straw is an abundant and attractive lignocellulosic byproduct which contains nearly 40% cellulose. Different pretreatment methods can be used to enhance the digestibility of cellulosic materials. In this research, we investigated three kinds of pretreatments including alkali-treatment, ionic liquids (ILs)-treatment and combined method. We focused on the choice of ILs, toxicity test and ILs reuse as the research key point. According to this study, rice straw treated by alkali-treatment can increase cellulose component from 37.4% to 56.6%, treated by two combined methods can increase cellulose component to 65.6% and 63.2%. We discovered when ionic liquid [AMIM]Cl exist over 0.5% in medium would inhibit bacillus sp. growth and ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl compared to [AMIM]Cl , it has lower toxicity to bacteria growth. Rice straw treated by combined method after 72 hours enzyme saccharification could produce 85.3% and 75.4% reducing sugar, which is better than alkali-treatment and untreated rice straw, and after five times reuse still keep 83% and 93.4% relative to the first time. Compared to untreated rice straw, combined method can effective increase Yp/s from 0.044 to 0.178 and 0.198.
"Purification, molecular cloning and expression of endoglucanase and b-glucosidase from the edible straw mushroom, volvariella volvacea." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073384.
Повний текст джерела"October 2001."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-200).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Mahesa, Reo Aditya, and 馬力歐. "Isolation of Lignin from Rice Straw Residue in Ethanol Cellulosic Process Using Microwave-assisted Method." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6ztyuy.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
107
Consumer products largely originate from fossil resources which will be depleted sooner or later and contribute to CO2 emissions and climate change. Alternatives are sought with low carbon emissions and these are inexhaustible resources like plant derived biomass. Our motivation is to optimize the extraction process of lignin. The only water pre-treatment process and combination with organic solvent Soxhletation was carried out in the first stage to reduce impurities. Soda process and diluted acid process were chosen for extraction methods and microwave-assisted as the main instrument for heating up solution. The results showed that pre-treatment process by using water following with isopropanol-hexane was given the best result. Water helped to extract sugar, alcohol, and some water soluble impurities. When isopropanol extracted the rest of polar impurities that water could not be done, Hexane was extracted non-polar impurities such as lipid. It could have extracted about 5.3 % weight loss of impurities without changed the lignin structure significantly due to TGA and FTIR results. This study aims to extract lignin in moderate temperature, pressure, and power in as little concentration and time as we could achieve. The process was done with soda process for 2 wt% NaOH concentration at 130 oC with 30-min extraction process as the best result rather than diluted acid process. The amount of lignin obtained about from this process was relatively higher both in 99.7% yield and 94.6% purity compared to other studies result. This type of lignin has similar characteristic to commercial dealkaline lignin. Slow rate of thermal degradation means that lignin is rich of high molecular weight compounds. It consisted of high molecular weight of syringyl and guaiacyl based on 2D-NMR HSQC result with M ̅w about 13000 g/mol. When dilute acid process using H2SO4 and EtOH only extracted 74.9% yield with 91% purity. But, it has lower M ̅w about 2100 g/mol which consists of low molecular hydroxyphenyl following with syringyl and guaiacyl. In summary, soda process shows greatest result within our objectives range. Severity factor can be considered to help predicted future improvement in changes of temperature, time, catalyst concentration
Sun, Wei-Cheng, and 孫維成. "Protoemic study on cellulases secreted by Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 for the hydrolysis of rice straw." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36280437928955522640.
Повний текст джерела國立中正大學
化學工程所
95
Rice straw is a major agricultural waste in Taiwan. The generation of energy from this biomass is very valuable for Taiwan, a country that highly depends on the imported energy. In this research, different pretreated preparations of rice straw were used to induce the production of cellulase complex by a cellulase-producing strain Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 cultured in different media. Results from medium study indicated that the medium with low KH2PO4 concentration and adjusting pH before inducing cultivation could result in higher enzymatic activities for cellulose hydrolysis. Among these different pretreated preparations of rice straw, the alkaline-treated rice straw fragments could result in the highest cellulase activity, which was determined to be 1.07 FPU/ml. Powdered rice straw could generate a cellulase activity of 0.79 FPU/ml, while the non-pretreated rice straw fragment (2 cm) led a cellulase activity of 0.63 FPU/ml. These results suggested that using rice straw after the proposed pretreatments as the substrate for the production of cellulase and consequently the utilization of rice straw for fuel ethanol production is very potential. Proteomics is a very important research field in the post-genome era. However, proteomics in T. reesei Rut C30 is still on the very early stage. In this research, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was employed as a tool for analyzing the composition of enzyme complex secreted by T. reesei Rut C30 that was cultivated on rice straw. In addition to the development of preferable method in 2-DE, the protein profile of enzyme complex secreted by T. reesei Rut C30 that was cultivated on Avicel and other pretreated preparations of rice straw was excavated. Results indicated that the cellulase composition varied with the substrate for the induction of cellulose production. In comparison with those in the literature and database, more protein spots were found in the 2-DE gel, suggesting that they may be new members in cellulase complex. Finally, the expression levels of protein spots appeared in the 2-DE gel were found to be well correlated to the specific activities of corresponding cellulase components. The correlation is useful for the determination of composition ratio in the cellulase complex.
CAI, ZHI-JI, and 蔡芷季. "The characteristics of cellulases and hemicecculases and prilimilary studies on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27213859060669255267.
Повний текст джерелаHu, Yan. "The roles of STRA6, EFNB1/B2 and ARMC5 in T cell function and autoimmune diseases." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18557.
Повний текст джерелаReceptor tyrosine kinases are a group of key signaling molecules, which have dual functions: sensing the environmental stimuli outside the cells and transmitting them into the cells. 20 years ago, our laboratory started to study the function of Ephb6 kinase, a receptor tyrosine kinase highly expressed in T lymphocytes. As both Efnb1 and Efnb2 are the ligands for Ephb6, we then proceeded to study their roles in T cell function in vitro and in vivo. T cellspecific Efnb1, Efnb2 single gene knockout (KO), as well as Efnb1/b2 double KO mice were generated, but only the double KO mice showed compromised thymocyte development, Th1 and Th17 function, IL-6 receptor signaling, and anti-virus responses. Strong evidence indicates that T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus, we postulated that T cell-specific Efnb1/b2 double KO in mice may protect mice from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model for human RA. We found that Efnb1 and Efnb2 in T cells were essential for pathogenic antibody production and T cell migration to the inflamed paws in mice with CIA. Our clinical study suggests that the expression of EFNB1 in T cells might be a useful parameter for monitoring RA disease activity and treatment responses. Naïve T cells have the ability to expansion and differentiation into effector cells once they encounter foreign antigens, during which a large number of molecules are modulated. Some of these molecules play essential regulatory roles, while others exert house keeping functions and/or act as supporters to cope with increased or changed metabolic demands. To fully elucidate events in the T cell activation program, we undertook unbiased exploration with DNA microarray analysis to identify molecules that were differentially expressed in WT versus Ephb6 KO T cells in the early T-cell activation stage. About 30 molecules were up- or down-regulated more than three folds in WT T cells compared with KO T cells. Stra6 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6) and Armc5 (Armadillo repeat-containing 5) were among those that had been validated for their altered expression. We generated mice with these two genes deleted to study their roles in T cell function in vitro and in vivo. STRA6 is a high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular vitamin A uptake. Stra6 KO mice manifest normal spleen and thymus in size, cellularity and lymphocyte subpopulations. KO and WT T cells were similar regarding proliferation, differentiation and anti-viral immune responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Thus, the up-regulation of Stra6 is either a parallel event which is not essential for the T cell activation program or it is so critical that heavy redundancy exists. ARMC5 is an intracellular protein containing seven tandem armadillo repeats and one BTB domain. Functions of ARMC5 in the immune system are not known previously. Our in situ hybridization results showed high expression of Armc5 in the thymus and moderate expression in the spleen and lymph nodes. A transient increase of Armc5 expression in T cells after TCR activation was found. To investigate its roles in T cell function, Armc5 KO mice were generated. The KO mice weighed 40% less than their WT counterparts. Lymphoid organs (the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes) of the KO mice appeared to be of normal size, weight, cellularity, and lymphocyte subpopulations. Intriguingly, Armc5 KO T cells presented decreased proliferation and compromised differentiation towards Th1 and Th17 in vitro. The KO mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalitis induction and were compromised in anti-LCMV immune responses. Using yeast 2-hybrid assay, we have identified 8 ARMC5-assciating proteins, which have known functions in cell cycling and apoptosis. Further mechanistic study is underway. Our results reveal that Armc5 is vital in the T cell activation/proliferation /differentiation program. Our studies have augmented our knowledge about EFNB1, EFNB2, STRA6 and ARMC5 in T cell biology and their relevance to immune disorders in animal models as well as in humans.