Дисертації з теми "Stratigraphic Mesozoic"
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1
Wong, Po-wan Kenny. "Mesozoic magmatic activity in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37751773.
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2
Faustino, Decibel Villarisco. "Late mesozoic magmatism along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, Tibet." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664615.
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3
Wong, Po-wan Kenny, and 王步雲. "Mesozoic magmatic activity in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37751773.
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4
Li, Longming, and 李龙明. "The crustal evolutionary history of the Cathaysia Block from the paleoproterozoic to mesozoic." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45693596.
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5
Smith, Nicholas Thomas. "The Carboniferous to Mesozoic structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Cheshire Basin England." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287974.
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6
Arthur, Andrew John. "Mesozoic stratigraphy and paleontology of the west side of Harrison Lake, southwestern British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A well preserved, fossiliferous Middle Triassic to Early Cretaceous section lies on the west side of Harrison Lake in the southern Coast Mountains. The study of this area involves a re-evaluation of the stratigraphic nomenclature first described by Crickmay (1925, 1930a) together with a lithologic description of the units and age determinations based on collected, identified and described fossils by the writer. Discussions on the biostratigraphy, paleogeography, regional correlations and structure of the thesis area and an overview of the regional tectonics of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington, help to better understand the relation of this Mesozoic section to other rock assemblages in this geologically complex region.
The oldest unit, the Middle Triassic Camp Cove Formation, comprises conglomeratic sandstone, siltstone and minor volcanic rock. Unconformable7 overlying this unit is the Toarcian to Early(?) Bajocian Harrison Lake Formation, divided into four distinct members by the writer, Celia Cove Member (basal conglomerate), West Road Member (siltstone, shale), Weaver Lake Member (flows, pyroclastic rocks, minor sediments) and Echo Island Member (interbedded tuff, siltstone, sandstone). Thickness of this formation is estimated at 3000 m. A hiatus probably is present between this unit and overlying shale, siltstone and sandstone of the Early Callovian Mysterious Creek Formation which is 700 m thick. Conformably above this are 230 m of sandstone and volcaniclastic rock of the Early Oxfordian Billhook Creek Formation. Late Jurassic fluvial conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone of the Kent Formation, perhaps 1000 m thick south of Harrison River, unconformably(?) overlies the last two units mentioned. Berriasian to Valanginian conglomerate and sandstone, 218 m thick, of the Peninsula Formation overlies the Billhook Creek Formation with slight angular unconformity. The Peninsula Formation is conformably overlain by tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic conglomerate, crystal tuff and flows of the Valanginian to Middle Albian Brokenback Hill Formation which is several km thick. Nine Jurassic ammonite genera are identified and described in this report. Triassic radiolaria and conpdonts and Cretaceous ammonites and bivalves are also present in the section.
The most significant structure in the thesis area is the post-Albian to pre-Late Eocene Harrison Fault which strikes north-northwest through Harrison Lake, separating the Mesozoic section along the west side from the northern extension of the Cascade Metamorphic Core on the east side of the lake. A strong sub-horizontal stretching lineation within the fault zone may indicate right-lateral strike-slip movement.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
7
Young, Jennifer Leigh. "The stratigraphy and structural history of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic of the central Nova Scotian Slope, Eastern Canada /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2005. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,111328.
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8
Whiteman, Mark Ian. "The anatomy of Mesozoic carbonate platform-margins, southern Apennines, Italy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f4df240b-cce7-4ac6-8c40-504e2187d018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The stratigraphy and sedimentology of Mesozoic carbonate platform-margins cropping out in southern Italy are investigated. New strati graphic data are presented from northern and eastern slopes of the Apennine carbonate platform, based on locallycorrelated field sections. Thin-section petrography is used to demonstrate the spatial and temporal distribution of derived lithoclasts. Results indicate that southern Apennine platforms underwent repeated erosion during Cretaceous time and possible reasons for this are discussed. Petrographic studies also provided outline sediment parageneses for slopes and platforms, with special reference to the detailed geochemistry of secondary dolomite formation on the eastern margin of the Apulian platform, whose growth is indicated by proton microprobe microanalysis to have been influenced by redox changes. The sedimentary facies and sediment geometries of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Tertiary slope sediments mapped in the Frosolone area are discussed in a case-study. Cross-sections showing geometries of key beds are presented, and depositional controls are discussed. Outcrop data suggest an Early to Middle Jurassic age of basin formation of this sector of the Lagonegro-Molise basin. A further case study from the Mesozoic slope in the Gran Sasso shows sediment geometries at reflection seismic scale, and relates them to possible depositional control by relative sea-level fluctuations. Finally, data from southern Apennine platforms and basins are combined in a tentative sequence stratigraphic framework for the Middle Cretaceous. The results of onedimensional subsidence modelling are presented in order to separate and describe the signals of local tectonics and relative sea-level fluctuations affecting the southern passive-margin of Mesozoic Tethys.
9
Schorr, Gregory Thomas. "Study of seismic reflection data over Virginia Mesozoic basins." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies of Vibroseis reflection profiles over the exposed Triassic-Jurassic Culpeper, Richmond, and Scottsville Basins, and another profile over a probable early Mesozoic basin (Toano) beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments, in Virginia indicate that resolution of the geometry of the basins is inhibited by small impedance contrasts between the rock units within the basin and those bordering the basin. None of the seismic sections exhibit reflections which can be directly attributed to a Triassic-pre-Triassic interface. Resolution of the geometry of the basin sediments depends upon the presence of anomalously high or low velocity/density rock units within the basin, and similarly the presence of large amplitude reflections from within these and possibly other basins may imply the presence of these units, which include basalt and lignite. A method of analyzing the refracted waves in the seismic reflection data with large receiver offsets for determination of apparent velocities and the geometry of the refraction interface is presented. The Culpeper seismic lines indicate a basin with a maximum thickness of 2500 m along the western side and approximately 1750 m along the eastern side of the basin. The maximum thickness of the Richmond Basin below the seismic line is approximately 2700 m. The Scottsville Basin contains sedimentary strata with a thickness of 1750 m and the seismic data from the Toano Basin indicate a thickness of 3000 m. The compressional wave velocity of the strata within these basins has a range of 4000-5300 m/sec.M.S.
10
Klute, Margaret Anne. "Sedimentology, sandstone petrofacies, and tectonic setting of the Late Mesozoic Bisbee Basin, southeastern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Late Mesozoic Bisbee basin of southeastern Arizona was an intracratonic back-arc rift basin. Extension was coupled with seafloor spreading in the Gulf of Mexico and back-arc extension behind a magmatic arc along the convergent Pacific continental margin. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the basin occurred in three phases. Initial mid-Jurassic rifting of the basin, marked by eruption of the Canelo Hills Volcanics, may have been complicated by sinistral strike-slip motion along the Mojave-Sonora megashear. During continued rifting, from latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time, the Glance Conglomerate was deposited by alluvial fans and braided streams in grabens, half-grabens, and caldera-related depressions; locally interbedded volcanic rocks represent waning rift-related back-arc magmatism. The upper Bisbee Group was deposited during Early to earliest Late Cretaceous passive thermotectonic subsidence. The Bisbee Group and correlative strata occur in most mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona, and are subdivided into southeastern, northwestern, northern, and western facies. Southeastern facies were deposited in alluvial fan, meandering fluvial, estuarine, marginal marine and subtidal shelf environments as a transgressive-regressive sequence including a marine interval that was continuous with Gulf Coast assemblages during Aptian-Albian marine transgression. Northern facies were deposited in alluvial fan and braided stream environments along the northern rift shoulder of the basin. Southeastern and northern facies sandstones are dominantly quartzose, and were derived mainly from cratonic sources to the north. Subordinate volcaniclastic sandstones in the southeastern facies become more abundant to the west, proximal to eroding Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic arcs. Basal northwestern facies arkosic strata deposited in alluvial fan, braided stream and lacustrine environments were derived from local basement uplifts, and were ponded in a northwestern depocenter by rift-related topography. A thin estuarine interval within overlying dominantly fluvial facies indicates integration of regional drainage networks by the time of maximum transgression. Transition upward to quartzose sandstone compositions reflects wearing down of local basement uplifts and increasing abundance of craton-derived sediment in the northwestern part of the basin. Western facies alluvial fan, braided stream and lacustrine intramontane deposits are composed of locally-derived arkose and lithic arkose.
11
Vellutini, David. "Organic maturation and source rock potential of Mesozoic and Tertiary strata, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The level of organic maturation, thermal history, and source rock potential of Mesozoic and Tertiary strata in the Queen Charlotte Islands have been investigated with vitrinite reflectance measurements (%Ro rand)> numerical modelling (modified Arrhenius and Lopatin models), and Rock-Eval pyrolysis (source rock potential). The level of organic maturation increases from north to south and is primarily controlled by high heat flow associated with plutonism on Moresby Island. Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic strata are overmature on Moresby Island with vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 2.40 to 5.80 %Ro rand Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary strata are immature to overmature on Graham Island with values ranging from 0.15 %Ro rand (Skonun Formation) to 2.43 % Ro rand (Haida Formation).
Constant and variable geothermal gradient thermal regimes were numerically modelled with modified Arrhenius and Lopatin methods. Numerical modelling (assuming constant geothermal gradients) predicts high paleogeothermal gradients (45 to 90 °C/km) for up to 180 million years from the Late Triassic to the Tertiary. Variable paleogeothermal gradient modelling (utilizing a 30 °C/km background geothermal gradient) predicts peak geothermal gradients ranging up to 150 °C/km during Yakoun (183-178 Ma) and Masset (35-10 Ma) volcanism.
The timing of hydrocarbon generation was estimated with numerical modelling. The levels of organic maturation for Mesozoic and Tertiary strata reflect the timing of plutonism and associated high heat flow. Triassic strata from west Graham Island and Cretaceous strata from north and south Graham Island entered the oil window during the Early Miocene and are still in the oil window. Jurassic strata in central Graham Island and north Moresby Island entered the oil window during the Bajocian and remain within the oil window. The Skonun Formation is generally immature except for strata at west Graham Island (Port Louis well) and at northeast Graham Island (basal strata in the Tow Hill well) which entered the oil window during the Late Miocene. Mean total organic carbon (TOC) contents are generally low (0.06 %) to moderately high (3.6 %) for Mesozoic and Tertiary strata. Some organic-rich horizons with TOC values up to 11.2 % occur in Upper Triassic (black limestone member of the Kunga Group) and Lower Jurassic (Sandilands and Ghost Creek Formations) source strata. Mesozoic and Tertiary strata generally contain gas prone Type III organic matter except for the Lower Jurassic Ghost Creek Formation and the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Kunga Group which contain oil and gas prone Type II organic matter and significant amounts of oil prone Type I organic matter.
Lateral variations in TOC and the quality of organic matter (QOM) for Triassic and Jurassic strata are primarily related to the level of organic maturation. The strata have poor to good hydrocarbon source potential on Graham Island. High heat flow associated with plutonism on Moresby Island has overmatured the strata resulting in poor source potential on Moresby Island.
Hydrocarbon source potential for Cretaceous and Tertiary strata is primarily controlled by the level of organic maturation and depositional patterns. The Cretaceous Haida and Honna Formation generally contain terrestrially derived Type III organic matter with poor to fair gas source potential. The Skidegate Formation contains a mixture of Types II and III organic matter with decreased (terrestrial) Type III organic matter input and increased Type II (marine) organic matter input relative to the Haida Formation. Cretaceous strata from Moresby Island are generally overmature and have poor source potential whereas equivalent strata from Graham Island are immature to overmature and have fair to moderate gas source potential. Generally immature coal and lignite from the Tertiary Skonun Formation have poor to fair gas source potential. Resinite horizons containing hydrogen-rich organic matter have good oil and gas source potential where mature. Siltstone and shale facies of the Skonun Formation contain moderate amounts of Type II organic matter and have good hydrocarbon source potential.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
12
Heah, T. S. T. "Mesozoic ductile shear and paleogene extension along the eastern margin of the central Gneiss Complex, coast Belt, Shames River area, near Terrace, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29869.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Near Terrace, British Columbia, the eastern margin of the Central Gneiss Complex (CGC) is a 3-4 km thick, gently northeast dipping, ductile-brittle shear zone with northeast movement of the upper plate. Along Shames River, deformed amphibolite-facies rocks to the west are juxtaposed against lower greenschist to amphibolite facies units to the east along the steep, east side down, brittle Shames River fault (SRF). Gentle to moderate northwest and northeast dips west of SRF contrast with steep southeast dips to the east. Lineations plunge gently northeast and southwest. West of SRF, the Shames River mylonite zone (SRMZ) separates granitoid rocks below from less deformed granitoid rocks, orthogneiss and metasedimentary rocks above. West of Exstew River, the moderately northeast dipping, ductile Exstew River fault, juxtaposes the SRMZ against metamorphic rocks and granitoids of the CGC. The SRMZ is cut by anastomosing brittle-ductile shear zones. Most kinematic indicators show northeast directed shear. Heterogeneous strain in SRMZ accommodates a minimum upper plate movement of 25 km to the east-northeast. Hornblende geobarometry indicates a structural omission of 13.4 km across SRMZ.
East of SRF, amphibolite and greenschist facies supracrustal and plutonic rocks of Lower Permian and older Stikine Assemblage are thrust above greenschist facies volcanic strata correlated with Telkwa Formation of the Lower to Middle Jurassic Hazelton Group. Foliation in late synkinematic, 69 Ma granodiorite which intrudes this thrust package dips steeply southeast. Stikine Assemblage is comprised of lower greenstone, granitoid rocks, volcanic breccia and flows overlain by fusulinid-rich marble. A deformed intrusive rock in Stikine Assemblage has a minimum Pb-Pb date of 317 ± 3 Ma. Hazelton Group contains lower andesitic and upper dacitic to rhyolitic packages comprised of agglomerate, volcanic breccia, tuff, and plagioclase porphyry flows.
The earliest recognised metamorphism and deformation in the SRMZ, at upper amphibolite grade, affects 188 ± 8 Ma orthogneiss, and occurred before intrusion of a garnet-biotite granite dated by Woodsworth et al. (1983) at 83.5 Ma. Early fabrics are overprinted by
Campanian to Paleocene ductile deformation and a second metamorphism. The second deformation waned during intrusion of three granitic intrusions with concordant U-Pb zircon crystallization dates of 68.7 - 69 Ma. A late to post-kinematic granite dyke in the SRMZ has a U-Pb zircon crystallization date of 60 ± 6 Ma. The second phase of metamorphism began before, and outlasted ductile deformation. The SRF and other high angle normal faults cut 69 Ma granodiorite, but do not significantly offset Eocene (46.2-52.3 Ma) K-Ar biotite cooling isothermal surfaces. The 60 Ma granite is deformed by low angle semi-brittle faulting with upper plate movement to the northeast. A 48 ± 3 Ma synkinematic granite dyke in the footwall of SRMZ was intruded during this deformation, which ended before 46.2 - 46.5 ± 1.6 Ma, the K-Ar biotite cooling dates from SRMZ. The entire region is deformed by post-ductile open, upright, east-northeast plunging folds. K-Ar biotite dates for granitoid rocks range from 51.1 Ma in the upper plate to 46.2 Ma in SRMZ, indicating downward progression of cooling. North-northwest trending brittle faults and lamprophyre dykes cut the SRMZ, and are therefore younger than mid-Eocene.
Thermobarometry of pelitic and granitoid rocks indicates increasing metamorphic grade with increasing structural depth. Al-j; in hornblende geobarometry indicates slightly lower pressure of crystallization for the interior than the margin of a granodiorite body east of SRF.In the upper plate of SRMZ, west of SRF, sillimanite-staurolite-garnet schist records ductile deformation and metamorphism at 3.8 ± 1.6 kbar and 570 ± 50°C. The schist is intruded by orthogneiss cut by 68.7 Ma granodiorite. The granodiorite crystallized at 3.4 ± 1 kbar, and was deformed at 2.2 ± 1 kbar at 68.7 Ma. In SRMZ, hornblende in pre-kinematic, 188 ± 8 Ma granodiorite crystallized at 5.5 ± 1 kbar. Deformation and synkinematic metamorphism occurred at 4.9 ± 1 kbar, between 83.5 and before 60 ± 6 Ma. East of SRF, greenschist conditions prevailed, except near the southern margin of the 69 Ma granodiorite body, where amphibolite facies was stable during ductile deformation. A metapelitic sample gives near-peak metamorphic conditions of 4.9 ± 1.6 kbar and 700 ± 50°C, and contact metamorphic conditions of 2.9 ± 1.6 kbar and 610 ± 50°C during intrusion of late synkinematic,
69 Ma granodiorite.
P-T-time paths for the upper plate of SRMZ west of Shames River indicate initial rapid, near-isothermal decompression beginning before 69 Ma, continuing to 69 Ma, followed by rapid cooling to 0.9-1.1 kbar, at 51.1 Ma.
Paleogene to middle Eocene deformation was probably extensional in nature. It occurred in a vigorous magmatic arc, in response to, and possibly coeval with, crustal thickening.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
13
Asmerom, Yemane. "Mesozoic igneous activity in the southern Cordillera of North America: Implications for tectonics and magma genesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first part of this dissertation deals with the timing of Mesozoic igneous activity in southern Cordillera of North America and its tectonic implications. A representative section in Santa Rita Mountains is dated using the zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic method. The oldest unit, the lower member of the Mt. Wrightson Formation, is concordantly dated at 210 ± 3 Ma. Initial basaltic andesite to andesite volcanism was followed by deposition of redbeds and associated volcanic rocks that are dated at 200 Ma. Felsic volcanism and eolian sand deposition may have spanned from 190 to 170 Ma. The Piper Gulch Granodiorite, representing the earliest Mesozoic intrusive equivalent, gives concordant dates of 188 ± 2 Ma. A second cycle of andesite and rhyolitic volcanism and sedimentation is dated at 151 ± 5 Ma using the whole-rock Rb-Sr isotopic method. The Hovatter Volcanics in the Little Harquahala Mountains, southwestern Arizona is dated at 165 Ma. Whole-rock Rb-Sr isotopic method on the same rocks gives a coherent reset isochron of 70 ± 3 Ma (Appendix III). A new stratigraphic correlation is proposed based on the dating data. Tectonic models proposed by previous workers to account for what seemed to be the lack of Triassic volcanic rocks are not necessary. This part of the Cordillera was an uplifted arc terrane during the Early Mesozoic (Appendix II) and may have provided volcanic detritus to the Late Triassic Chinle Formation in the Colorado Plateau. The second part of the dissertation deals with magma evolution and crust modification during arc magmatism. Rocks in southeastern Arizona have ƭ(N)(d) values of -3.4 to -6.4, while rocks to the west have ƭ(N)(d) values ranging from -8.5 to -9.2. An ƭ(N)(d) value of +2 for a Jurassic basalt indicates the presence of depleted mantle under the arc. Using lower crust and mantle end-members, 20 to 40% mantle input is estimated. This seems to argue for continuous growth model of the continental crust. Combined REE and isotopic data indicate that assimilation of lower crust by mantle melts followed by fractional crystallization took place. Detailed study indicates that the lower crust along sites of arc magmatism gets progressively hybridized by the mantle, becoming more mantle-like with time.
14
王冰媚 and Ping-mei Jean Wong. "Geochemistry, U-Pb and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the Baijuhuajian A-type granites in Zhejiang Province: evidence for acontinuous extensional regime in the mid and late mesozoic." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557297.
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González-León, Carlos Manuel. "Stratigraphy, depositional environments, and origin of the Cabullona Basin, northeastern Sonora, Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186846.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Cabullona Basin of northeastern Sonora is a structural depocenter that was formed during Late Cretaceous time. The 2.5 km-thick sedimentary fill of this basin, the Cabullona Group, is composed in ascending order of the Corral de Enmedio formation, Camas Sandstone, Packard Shale, Lomas Coloradas formation, and, laterally equivalent to the last two units, El Cemento conglomerate. Abundant vertebrate and invertebrate as well as pollen identifications from these units indicate the Cabullona Group is of middle Santonian to Maastrichtian age. The Corral de Enmedio formation represents shallow lacustrine deposits. Lithofacies of the Camas and Lomas Coloradas formations indicate they were deposited by braided- and meandering-fluvial systems, whereas the eight members of the Packard Shale represent complex fluvio-deltaic-and-lacustrine systems. The El Cemento conglomerate is a thick clastic wedge of coarse-grained alluvial deposits that was deposited adjacent to the structural margin of the basin. Clast composition and paleocurrent directions of the El Cemento conglomerate indicate it was derived from strata of the nearby uplift of the Sierra Anibacachi-Cerro Cabullona. The low-angle, southwest directed Cabullona thrust fault that separates the uplift from the basin formed the structural margin of the basin. The tectono-sedimentary history of the Cabullona Group, its age and regional tectonic setting support the idea that this basin was formed because of typical Laramide-style deformation and indicates that the Rocky Mountain foreland province of Laramide deformation extended southward to northeastern Sonora.
16
Hall, Dwight Lyman 1953. "Stratigraphy and sedimentary petrology of the Mesozoic rocks of the Waterman Mountains, Pima County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558034.
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Wong, Ping-mei Jean. "Geochemistry, U-Pb and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the Baijuhuajian A-type granites in Zhejiang Province evidence for a continuous extensional regime in the mid and late mesozoic /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557297.
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LaMaskin, Todd Allen. "Stratigraphy, provenance, and tectonic evolution of Mesozoic basins in the Blue Mountains Province, eastern Oregon and western Idaho /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1790314181&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Gacal-İs̨ler, Burcu. "Mesozoic tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Orphan basin, with special emphasis on regional correlations with Flemish Pass and Northern Jeanne d'Arc Basins, Grand Banks of Newfoundland/." Internet access available to MUN users only. Search for this title in:, 2009.
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20
Ardill, John. "Sequence stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Domeyko basin, northern Chile." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Domeyko basin of northern Chile records Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous mixed carbonate and siliciclastic marine deposition along the western margin of Gondwana. The carbonate and siliciclastic ramp environment is characterised by the deposition of siliciclastic-dominated sediments at times of low accommodation space (lowstand and late highstand systems tracts) and carbonate-dominated sediments during periods of high accommodation space (transgressive and early highstand systems tracts). Along strike variations in siliciclastic sediment supply do not overprint the effects of basinwide changes of relative sea-level. Sequence stratigraphical analysis identifies five second-order sequences resulting from changes in accommodation space and hence, relative sea-level. Within these second-order cycles a higher-frequency cyclicity has also been identified. Each second-order sequence is composed of between 3 and 5 high-frequency sequences which results in a second-order composite sequence, but does not produce the "typical" sequence-sets normally associated with composite sequences. Comparison of the relative sea-level fluctuations interpreted from the Domeyko basin succession with those documented from other similar age South American marginal basins and northern hemisphere basins allows the distinction of regional from global events, and a methodology for potentially differentiating between eustatic and tectonic driving mechanisms. The choice of these basins permits an objective analysis of relative sea-level change using basins of different tectonic setting, on different continental plates. Relative sea-level fall in the late Early Sinemurian, earliest Pliensbachian, earliest Aalenian, Early Callovian, earliest Valanginian, and rises in the earliest Hettangian, earliest and Late Toarcian, Early and Late Bajocian, Late Bathonian and earliest Oxfordian of the Dorneyko basin appear time-equivalent to similar events in other southern and northern hemisphere basins and thus are interpreted to be products of eustatically driven, global sea-level cycles. Relative sea-level falls in the earliest Bathonian, Late Oxfordian, earliest Valanginian and rises in the Late Kimmeridgian are interpreted to be tectonically-driven, continental-scale changes in accommodation space. Although the earliest Valanginian relative sea-level fall can also be seen globally the sequence boundary is interpreted to be tectonically-enhanced by documented regional uplift in Chile and Argentina. The Domeyko basin succession appears to be dominantly controlled by global sea-level fluctuations during the Early-Middle Jurassic, interpreted to have been driven by glacio-eustasy, and by continental-scale fluctuations during the Middle Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous. Mesozoic back-arc basins of western South America record both eustatic and subduction-related relative sea-level fluctuations. To date, the latter have been assumed to be driven chiefly by Pacific plate spreading. However, five tectonically-driven sequence boundaries in the Domeyko and Neuquen basins which have no time correlative expressions in northern hemisphere basins display a close temporal association with five major Gondwanan fragmentation phases. They are: (A) the earliest Bathonian (170 Ma) sequence boundary was driven by the separation of Laurasia and Gondwana; (B) the Late Oxfordian (157 Ma) salinity crisis was driven by the separation of west from east Gondwana; (C) the termination of the marine Domeyko basin was driven by the fragmentation of east Gondwana; CD) the termination of the marine Neuquen Basin (114 Mal was driven by the opening of the South Atlantic; and (E) the major basin inversion associated with the Peruvian tectonic event (100 Mal was driven by the final fragmentation phase within east Gondwana. It is deduced that plate reorganisation associated with the initiation of new oceans during Gondwanan fragmentation resulted in increased coupling along the Andean subduction zone producing regional uplift and thus relative sea-level fall. Responses variously involve: basin barring and Kimmeridgian evaporite production; erosively-based fluvial sandstones directly overlying offshore marine deposits; closure of the Rocas Verdes oceanic marginal basin; sequential termination of marine conditions in the Domeyko and Neuquen back-arc basins; sudden influx of arc-derived alluvial conglomerates resulting from the onset of contractional tectonics; and an incremental jump in the eastward propagation of the Andean volcanic arc. Discrete contractional episodes in the otherwise extensional Andean active margin were thus driven by the incremental spreading phases of the supercontinent. Associated thermal signatures are recorded near the centre of Gondwana by kimberlite emplacement frequency maxima in southern Africa. Plate tectonic theory emphasises the dynamic interaction between adjacent plates, whereby relative rates of motion can be fixed to either the underriding or overriding plate as a reference frame. With reference to the circum-Gondwana subduction zone, I believe that in the past an overemphasis has been placed on the motions of oceanic plates in the Pacific region, while overlooking the role that the thermal evolution of the Pangean supercontinent played in driving circum-Pangean subduction. Thus, careful sequence stratigraphical analysis of active margin sedimentary basins provides a high resolution record, presently under-utilised in detecting, identifying and analysing global tectonic events in time.
21
Mujal, Grané Eudald. "Registre sedimentari i icnològic del fini-carbonífer, Permià i Triàsic continentals dels Pirineus Catalans evolució i crisis paleoambientals a l’equador de Pangea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’estudi del registre sedimentari i paleontològic del fini-Carbonífer, Permià i Triàsic continentals dels Pirineus Catalans han permès caracteritzar-ne l’evolució paleoambiental i paleoclimàtica i la seva repercussió sobre els ecosistemes terrestres durnt la transició Paleozoic–Mesozoic. Aquesta transició, marcada per diversos canvis climàtics i extincions en massa, s’ha analitzat mitjançant un estudi multidisciplinari.
Les diverses campanyes de camp han resultat en el descobriment de fins a deu noves localitats amb restes fòssils, principalment amb icnites de tetràpodes (de les quals se’n fa especial èmfasi), però també amb restes òssies, traces fòssils d’invertebrats i plantes. Fins al present treball es coneixien molt pocs jaciments de petjades d’aquestes edats als Pirineus Catalans. L’elaboració de columnes estratigràfiques i cartografies de detall ha permès establir la successió espacio-temporal dels jaciments i de les unitats geològiques corresponents (unitats deposicionals definides en treballs anteriors). L’estudi conjunt d’icnites i fàcies contribueixen a realitzar anàlisis paleoambientals. L’estudi del registre fòssil ha implicat l’establiment de diferents biozonacions, que s’ha complementat amb anàlisis paleomagnètiques, cicloestratigràfiques, mineralògiques i elementals.
El Carbonífer superior s’ha documentat a partir de l’associació de plantes de la Unitat Grisa, que indiquen una edat d’Estefanià C. Les dades sedimentològiques i de paleosòls indiquen un clima humit amb curts períodes de sequera.
El trànsit Carbonífer–Permià (Unitat de Trànsit) ve marcat per un increment en l’estacionalitat i l’aridesa. La manca de marcadors cronològics als afloraments estudiats no permet precisar l’edat de la unitat.
El Permià inferior constitueix l’inici de les successions de red-beds. Els paleosòls dels dipòsits volcanosedimentaris de la Unitat Roja Inferior i l’absència de carbó denoten una aridificació del clima i una estacionalitat marcada. Els esporàdics intervals més humits, representats per sistemes fluvials meandriformes i dipòsits derivats d’aigua d’escolament superficial, contenen una icnoassociació de tetràpodes característica de l’Artinskià i constituïda per: Batrachichnus salamandroides, Limnopus isp., cf. Amphisauropus, cf. Ichniotherium, Dromopus isp., cf. Varanopus, Hyloidichnus isp., Dimetropus leisnerianus i tres tipus de Characichnos (traces fòssils de natació). Les traces fòssils d’artròpodes (especialment Rusophycus i Acripes) també són comunes.
El registre del Permià mitjà denota unes condicions climàtiques humides i estacionals. El sistema al·luvial distal de la Unitat Roja Superior inferior ha lliurat poques restes fòssils. La presència d’una vèrtebra assignada al grup dels casèids suggereix una edat de Wordià inferior i, juntament amb les icnites de tetràpode documentades en treballs previs, constata un reemplaçament de faunes.
El Permià superior es caracteritza per un clima semi-àrid, tal com indiquen les dades sedimentològiques, mineralògiques i elementals de la Unitat Roja Superior superior. El sistema de playa-lake o lacustre efímer mostra un control orbital de la sedimentació. La icnoassociació de tetràpodes documentada marca un reemplaçament de les faunes del Permià mitjà, possiblement lligat a una extinció.
El Triàsic Inferior i Mitjà està representat pel sistema fluvial (de rius braided a meandriformes i planes d’inundació) de la unitat en fàcies Buntsandstein, que conté una icnoassociació de tetràpodes formada per: Prorotodactylus mesaxonichnus (erigida com a nova icnoespècie), cf. Rotodactylus, Rhynchosauroides cf. schochardti, Rhynchosauroides i chirotheriids indeterminats, un morfotip indeterminat (Morfotip A) i dos tipus de Characichnos associats a la nova icnoespècie i als chirotheriids. Aquest registre fòssil es complementa amb la presència de dues dents d’arcosauromorf i marca la recuperació dels ecosistemes terrestres després de l’extinció de finals del Permià, amb els arcosauromorfs com a grup cabdal.
El registre continu als trànsits Carbonífer–Permià i Permià–Triàsic (fins ara desconegut al sudoest europeu), així com també la inesperada riquesa fòssil, fa dels Pirineus Catalans una regió de referència a nivell global per comprendre alguns dels canvis més dràstics de la història de la Terra.The sedimentary and paleontological record study of the terrestrial end-Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic from the Catalan Pyrenees allowed to characterize its paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution and their influence on the terrestrial ecosystems during the Paleozoic–Mesozoic transition. This transition, featured by several climatic changes and mass extinctions, has been analyzed in a multidisciplinary study. Diverse fieldworks have resulted in the discovery of up to ten new fossil localities, mainly bearing tetrapod ichnites (here especially emphasized), but also bearing bone remains, invertebrate trace fossils and plants. Until the present work, few fossil footprint sites were known from these ages in the Catalan Pyrenees. The detailed stratigraphic columns and cartography allowed to establish the spatio-temporal succession of fossil sites and of the corresponding geological units (depositional units defined in previous works). The coupled study of ichnites and facies contribute to carry out paleoenvironmental analyses. The study of the fossil record implied the establishment of different biozonations, which have been complemented with paleomagnetic, cyclostratigraphic, mineralogical and elemental analyses. The late Carboniferous has been documented by the Grey Unit plant assemblage, indicating a Stephanian C age. The sedimentological and paleosol data point to a humid climate with short dry periods. The Carboniferous–Permian transition (Transition Unit) is featured by increases in seasonality and aridity. The lack of chronological markers in the studied outcrop precludes to clarify the age of the unit. The early Permian constitutes the beginning of the red-bed successions. Paleosols developed in the Lower Red Unit volcanosedimentary deposits and the absence of coal denote climate aridification and strong seasonality. Sporadic relatively humid intervals, depicted by meandering fluvial systems and deposits derived from unconfined runoff water, yield a tetrapod ichnoassemblage characteristic of the Artinskian and composed of: Batrachichnus salamandroides, Limnopus isp., cf. Amphisauropus, cf. Ichniotherium, Dromopus isp., cf. Varanopus, Hyloidichnus isp., Dimetropus leisnerianus and three types of Characichnos (swimming trace fossils). Arthropod trace fossils (especially Rusophycus and Acripes) are also common. The middle Permian record denotes humid climatic conditions and seasonality. Few fossil remains have been reported from the lower Upper Red Unit distal alluvial system. The presence of a vertebra assigned to the caseid group suggests an early Wordian age and, together with tetrapod ichnites documented in previous works, a faunal replacement is confirmed. The late Permian is characterized by a semi-arid climate, as indicated by the sedimentological, mineralogical and elemental data of the upper Upper Red Unit. Deposits of the playa-lake or ephemeral lacustrine system show orbital forcing during sedimentation. The documented tetrapod ichnoassemblage marks a replacement of the middle Permian faunas, possibly linked to an extinction. The Early and Middle Triassic is recorded by the fluvial system (from braided to meandering rivers and floodplains) of the Buntsandstein facies unit, which yields a tetrapod ichnoassemblage composed of: Prorotodactylus mesaxonichnus (erected as a new ichnospecies), cf. Rotodactylus, Rhynchosauroides cf. schochardti, undetermined Rhynchosauroides and chirotheriids, an undetermined Morphotype A and two types of Characichnos associated to the new ichnospecies and to chirotheriids. This fossil record is complemented with the presence of two recovered archosauromorph teeth and is indicative of the terrestrial ecosystems recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction, being archosauromorphs a relevant group. The continuous record throughout the Carboniferous–Permian and Permian–Triassic transitions (so far unknown from southwestern Europe), as well as the unsuspected fossil richness, make the Catalan Pyrenees a reference region worldwide to untangle some of the most drastic changes of Earth history.
22
Robson, Julie. "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of late Mesozoic platform carbonates, southern Italy." Thesis, Kingston University, 1989. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20530/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aims of the study were to elucidate the stratigraphy, sedimentology and geochemistry of latest Jurassic - late Cretaceous Campania - Lucania platform carbonates in southern Italy. Eight formations and fifteen biozones have been proposed and described, representing platform carbonates and basin margin sediments. Most formations are isochronous, but the Lower Cretaceous Monte Faito Formation is diachronous, becoming younger and thinner from northwest to southeast across Campania, as a result of tectonically induced differential subsidence. The biostratigraphy indicates a late Cretaceous fauna/floral divergence between the Campania - Lucania and other Periadriatic platforms from a common late Jurassic biota. The sedimentary sequence reflects the development of a Bahamian type epioceanic platform. Restricted environments were characteristic of the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous while open marine, cyclic peritidal sediments were widespread during the late Cretaceous. Basin margin sediments include Jurassic pelagic radiolarian limestones, Cretaceous debris flows and Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal limestones. The western margin of the platform was probably a fault -bounded escarpment. Two large scale transgressive - regressive sequences (late Jurassic - mid Cretaceous) partly correspond to eustatic sea level fluctuations. The relatively simple diagenetic history has been locally complicated by dolomitisation and / or silicification. Early cements are uncommon, locally restricted and are non-luminescent. Late burial cements luminesce dull orange. Fabrics indicate several phases of dolomitisation; early syndepositional types occur but dolomitisation was largely the result of burial diagenesis. Magnesium was probably derived from pore fluids released by the compaction of shales in the Tyrrhenian Basin to the west. Geochemical trends reflect clay minerals and diagenetic history particularly dolomitisation. Palaeogeographically the Campania - Lucania and Latium - Abruzzi platforms were probably part of the same structure during the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous, becoming increasingly separated from each other through the late Cretaceous, during the closure of Tethys.
23
Clews, Jean E. "The Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Ionian Zone, Western Greece." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261440.
Повний текст джерела
24
Wazi, Nandefo. "Le crétacé du Roumois (Vallée de l'Oison) et le tertiaire-quaternaire des régions voisines de la basse vallée de la Seine : stratigraphie et tectonique." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Etude de la série crétacé du Roumois à partir de l'analyse lithostratigraphique de nombreuses coupes. La définition précise des formations sédimentaires de l'Aptien-Albien au Coniacien-Santonien est étagée par une étude biostratigraphique et séquentielle qui permet d'individualiser dix formations. Inventaire des témoins éocènes à pléistocènes de la région de la Basse Seine. Détermination du style tectonique du plateau du Roumois à partir d'une cartographie détaillée et d'une analyse structurale d'anciens documents géologiques et géophysiques. On propose une interprétation reghmatique en décrochements potentiels. Chronologie des évènements tectono-sédimentaires ayant affecté la région
25
Grey, Melissa. "Exploring evolutionary patterns and processes : a case study using the Mesozoic bivalve Buchia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4654.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fossil record is the only direct source of data for studying modes (patterns) and rates of morphological change over geologic time periods. Determining modes is critical for understanding macroevolutionary processes, but just how modes can vary within a taxon, and why, have hitherto been largely understudied. To address this, I examined patterns of morphological change in the shell of the Mesozoic marine bivalve genus Buchia over its geographic and temporal range. Buchia was chosen as a test subject because it is abundant, well-preserved across a variety of facies,
and is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere where the likelihood of
multiple lineages is low. While the focus of this thesis is on evolutionary patterns, it
is also necessary to address issues of taxonomy and geographical variation, making
this research applicable to a wide-variety of fields.
Previous to this study there was no protocol for measuring buchiid valves, nor was
the genus studied in a quantitative manner. Throughout this research I used ten
morphological characters to describe shell shape and size. Multivariate methods
(principle component and canonical variate analyses) were employed to discriminate
between species of Buchia and examine how morphological characters change through time and space within the genus. Evolutionary patterns were delineated using two well-established programs that discriminate between multiple modes of evolution. Overall, nearly 2000 specimens from eight geographical locations around the world were studied for this thesis.
I found the genus Buchia was a useful tool for evolutionary studies as it can be
studied quantitatively in space and time. Specically I have found that buchiid species can be delineated using morphometrics; the genus is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere; while the environment significantly affects morphology, there is no
evidence of a latitudinal gradient; diversity and disparity within Buchia are not correlated; most evolutionary modes conformed to random walks or stasis; and modes and rates vary across the geographical range of the genus. Overall, I have found that the environment plays an important role in shaping both morphology and modes.
26
Alfandi, Emhemed. "Early Mesozoic stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Gharian area, north-western Libya." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/917.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Gharian area is used as a case study to examine the sedimentary succession, structural evolution and timing of sedimentary and structural events during basin development in the Early Mesozoic. These sediments (Kurrush, Al Aziza and Abu Shaybah Formations) are examined in order to provide palaeonvironmental and palaeogeographic reconstructions for the study area. The formations are described using facies analysis. The Kurrush is probably deposited in delta plain environment. A complete section (140 m) has been logged and seven facies from the Al Aziza Formation represent a shallow shelf platform area (inner ramp: an intertidal-subtidal carbonate flat to shelf lagoonal environment), which was deposited during the opening of the Early Triassic Neo-Tethys Ocean. Eleven localities from the Abu Shaybah Formation have been investigated with a cumulative thickness of 125 m. Ten facies from the Abu Shaybah Formation represent deposition in a shallow marine environment as part of low gradient continental margin, succeeded by sand deposition in braided and meandering fluvial systems. Regional tectonic activity, regional relative sea-level fluctuations and climatic conditions led to control of the sedimentary megasequences (266 m coarsening upward and fining upward megasequence). A magnetostratigraphic analysis was undertaken in the above units as their depositional age is poorly constrained and currently based on limited fossil evidence. Most of these samples convey a weak but stable remanent magnetization. The Al Aziza Formation yielded a primary remanence that has suffered a substantial post-acquisition clockwise rotation (~50˚). Restoration of the rotation about a simple vertical axis would place the pole on the APW path at an appropriate point in time. The palaeomagnetic data from the studied formations yield a distinct series of polarity zones that provide clear local and regional correlation and are readily tied to a recently compiled global magnetostratigraphic time scale. The Al Aziza Formation at Gharian is latest Ladinian in age, whilst the Abu Shaybah Formation is earliest Carnian in age. The Abu Shaybah Formation at Gharian suggests that the stratigraphic equivalence with the Aziza Formation at Azizyah and Kaf Bates (Jafarah Plain). The study established that the Gharian area is the expression of major normal faults (NNE-SSW, WNW to ESE, NW to NNW and NE-SE) in a system of half-grabens which formed as part of the African extensional margin on the southern Tethyan margin in Latest Early Cretaceous.
27
LLUCH, DIDIER. "Les unites a materiel sedimentaire supra-"schistes lustres" de saint florent et de macinaggio (corse du nord)." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les unites tectoniques a materiel sedimentaire exempt de metamorphisme alpin de la corse du nord sont considerees, soit d'origine interne par rapport au domaine ophiolitique ligure, soit d'origine interne. Les leves cartographiques ont permis de mettre en evidence differentes sous-unites dont le materiel est issu d'autant de zones paleogeographiques distinctes. Les donnees structurales permettent de distinguer trois phases de deformation: ante-eocene distensive, eocene ou oligocene cisaillante, post-nappes
28
Robinson, Stuart Alan. "Carbon-cycling, palaeo-atmospheres and isotope stratigraphy of marginal and non-marine Mesozoic sediments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269481.
Повний текст джерела
29
Butterworth, P. J. "Sedimentology and stratigraphy of part of the Mesozoic Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383641.
Повний текст джерела
30
Jones, Gregory. "Tectono-stratigraphy and evolution of the Mesozoic Pindos Ophiolite and associated units, northwest Greece." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The northwest Pindos Mountains of Greece expose a sequence of Mesozoic and Tertiary thrust sheets, which include the Jurassic Pindos ophiolite, composed of ultramafic and mafic oceanic crust and mantle. Regional mapping has established the tectonic order of these units from top to base as follows: i) a mainly ultramafic ophiolitic thrust sheet (Dramala Complex of the Pindos Ophiolite Group) and basal metamorphic sole (Loumnitsa Unit of the Pindos Ophiolite Group); ii) Late Cretaceous platformal limestones (Orliakas Group); iii) dismembered intrusive and extrusive ophiolitic rocks (Aspropotamos Complex of the Pindos Ophilite Group); iv) tectonic melange and olistromes, dominated by Triassic-Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Avdella Melange); v) coherent thrust sheets of Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous deep-water sediments (Dio Dendra Group); vi) Early Tertiary flysch (Pindos Flysch). Immobile trace-element studies indicate that the Triassic and Jurassic extrusives of the volcanic-sedimentary melange, formed mainly at within-plate through to mid ocean ridge settings. By contrast, the structurally overlying ophiolitic extrusives include boninite series volcanic rocks and depleted island arc tholeiites, indicative of a supra-subduction zone origin. Initial displacement of the ophilite (ca 165 Ma) is recorded in the formation of a metamorphic sole, passing structurally downwards from a basal peridotite mylonite zone into amphibolite and greenschist facies rocks. The sole rocks in general have MORB and WPB trace-element chemical affinities, although a limited number of samples are more depleted in high field strength elements, and can be correlated with rocks of island arc origin, including boninites. Petrological and structural comparisons suggest the Pindos ophiolite is regionally continuous beneath the Meso-Hellenic trough with the Vourinos ophiolite to the east. This ophiolite, similarly has a supra-subduction zone chemical signature, and is also underlain by fragmentary metamorphic sole and melange units. In the favoured tectonic model, the Pindos ophiolite formed above a Early to Mid Jurassic westerly-dipping intra-oceanic subduction zone. Continuing subduction produced a thick accretionary complex, now represented by the Avdella melange that underlies the Pindos ophiolitic units. During the Late Jurassic, the supra-subduction zone ophiolite was emplaced as a relatively undeformed sheet, northeastwards onto the Pelagonian Zone, an assumed microcontinent. The 'fore-arc' crust situated immediately above the subduction zone was detached and overthrust by the remainder of the ophiolite sheet. Following this, the Pindos ocean remained partly open to the west as a remnant basin, undergoing deep-water and marginal carbonate deposition from the Late Jurassic to late Cretaceous. In Early Tertiary time (?Palaeocene-Eocene), this basin began to close; the Pindos ophiolite was sliced, and together with the Jurassic melange and younger deep-water sediments, was thrust westwards over a flexural foreland basin (Pindos Flysch), and then onto the Apulian continental margin as an inboard-propagating thrust stack. Inferred footwall structures (old palaeogeographic features?) or late stage folding were mainly responsible for the formation of large orthogonal (e.g. Armata-Milea corridor) and transverse (e.g. Perivoli corridor) culminations. Final thrusting was accompanied by extension behind the deformation front, leading to the formation and infilling of the Meso-Hellenic molasse basin.
31
Dia, Aline. "Sediments et evolution geochimique (evolution de la croute continentale et etude de la limite cretace-tertiaire) : contraintes apportees par l'analyse isotopique (neodyme et plomb) et les teneurs en elements traces." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'utilisation d'analyses isotopiques (nd et pb) et des teneurs en elements-trace a permis d'aborder plusieurs aspects de la geochimie des roches sedimentaires. On s'interesse a l'aspect temporel enregistre par les sediments avec la caracterisation de la croissance de la croute continentale et l'etude de son evolution chimique au cours du temps (afrique du sud et canada). L'autre aspect etudie concerne l'individualisation des contributions respectives des sources de particules sedimentaires (etude isotopique de la limite cretace-tertiaire, evolution geochimique du bassin oceanique marocain), les concentrations secondaires ou les phenomenes de circulation
32
Clauser, Sébastien. "Etudes stratigraphiques du Campanien et du Maastrichtien de l'Europe occidentale : Côte Basque, Charentes (France) ; Limbourg (Pays-Bas) : biochronologie, magnétostratigraphie, stratigraphie isotopique, radiochronologie comparées du domaine océanique et des régions stratotypiques : contribution à la paléoclimatologie du Crétacé supérieur." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Revision de la stratigraphie du campanien et du maestrichtien en europe. Les resultats magnetostratigraphiques et geochimiques conduisent a mettre en parallele l'ancienne campanien-dordonien et la limite campanien-maestrichtien telle qu'elle est definie au limbourg. On etablit la position d'un pole geomagnetique virtuel pour l'europe stable. On met en evidence le synchronisme des evenements biologiques (apparition-disparition) et isotopiques. De meme les accidents isotopiques sont correlables entre sites pelagiques et sites de plateforme ce qui laisse supposer une origine climatique pour les divers evenements. On montre que les conditions climatiques du maestrichtien sont proches de celles permettant l'installation d'une calotte glaciaire
33
Païenda, Osman. "Les dépôts carbonatés oxfordiens de la bordure occidentale du Bassin parisien : lithostratigraphie, microfaciès, paléogéographie." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On étudie les dépôts carbonatés de l'oxfordien de la bordure occidentale du Bassin parisien. Quatre unités lithostratigraphiques successives sont différenciées par leur microfaciès, leur contenu paléontologique et leurs caractères diagénétiques; elles correspondent à autant de milieux sédimentaires de plateforme carbonatée. Les séquences verticales et horizontales des faciès ainsi que les stades diagénétiques conduisent à une reconstitution de l'évolution de la sédimentation carbonatée oxfordienne
34
Fries, Gérard. "Dynamique du bassin subalpin méridionale de l'Aptien au Cénomanien." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La restitution de la géometrie originelle des corps sédimentaires (cartographie, décompaction), l'étude du fonctionnement des morphologies et l'approche des paléoprofondeurs (microfaune), jointes à l'analyse séquentielle rythmée par la tectonique synsédimenatire, illustrent la dynamique du bassin subalpin au long de l'apto-cenomanien. L'Apto-Cénomanien des chaînes subalpines méridionales a fourni le support d'un travail méthodologique orienté vers la restitution à toutes les échelles et dans leur configuration originelle (décompaction) de la géométrie des corps sédimentaires dans leur contexte dynamique. La série étudiée correspond, à la partie inférieure du dernier grand rythme mésozoïque conduisant à la fermeture du bassin subalpin. Limitée à la base et au sommet par deux discontinuités majeures, elle s'organise en dix-neuf séquences, regroupées en deux mégaséquences de même polarité (marne -> marno-calcaire): Aptien (1); Albo-Cénomanien (II). Ce découpage séquentiel forme la trame de cette étude tant pour les problèmes biostratigraphiques que paléogéographiques; il a naturellement conduit à s'interroger sur la signification des séquences sédimentaires.
35
Mpanda, Samson. "Geological development of the East African coastal basin of Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologi och geokemi, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-48370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The East African coastal basin of Tanzania, which is characterised by an extensional tectonic style, is located along the passive continental margin of the western Indian Ocean. The present study is concerned with the Mafia Island and the Mafia Channel which together form a subbasin within the north-south elongated coastal sedimentary basin of Tanzania. In the time interval from late Paleozoic to Recent, the passive margin of the region was subjected to a three-fold geological development, namely the Karoo rifting phase (1) which is characterised by extensional tectonics, the Gondwana break-up and opening of the Somali basin (2) which was contemporaneous with the movement of Madagascar off the east African coast in the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic East African rift system (3). This structural framework made provision to the basin deposition history. The development started with the deposition of the continental, terrigenous, Karoo sequence in the Upper Permian to Lower Jurassic. The Karoo deposition was followed by a series of transgressions and regressions under full marine conditions which started in the Middle Jurassic and continued into the Tertiary. The deposits include marine marls, detrital limestones, fossiliferous shales and calcareous sandstones, reaching in places thicknesses of more than 4000 m of Mesozoic, and more than 6000 m of Cenozoic, sediments. Seismostratigraphic techniques applied in the Mafia Channel and Island identified five deposition sequences separated by regional unconformity surfaces i.e. sequence boundaries. Including the pre-Upper Cretaceous sequence they are; the Upper Cretaceous to Middle Eocene sequence (DS I), the Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene sequence (DS II), the Lower Miocene to Pliocene sequence (DS III), and the Pliocene to Recent sequence (DS IV). In the Mafia Channel up to 6000 m of sediments are present. Their ages range from Middle Eocene to Quaternary. The deposits start with marine shales which are overlain by carbonate rocks of Upper Eocene . These carbonates are in the present investigation regarded as the acoustic basement in the central and northern parts of the study area. On top of Upper Eocene carbonates, deltaic and shallow marine sediments are deposited. Southwards in the Channel, the sequences are located at shallower depths which makes it possible to trace also the Upper Cretaceous sequence with confidence. On the Mafia Island, the deposition on top of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) acoustic basement mainly includes deltaic sandstones, followed by intercalations of carbonate and argillaceous rocks. The structural framework reflects the different tectonic regimes which prevailed in the area. Above the acoustic basement structural elements of Mafia Channel and Island are interpreted as originating from the superimposition of the Cenozoic East African rifting event, and from the uplifts of the mainland coast and Mafia Island during Late Eocene time. As a result the central part collapsed and formed an asymmetric sag structure in the channel. These elements are seismically identified and subdivided as (from northwest to southeast), the Dar-es-Salaam Platform Offshore, the Central Mafia Channel and the Mafia Island Rise. These domains are separated by respective NE-SW major faults (MF1, MF2 and MF3) and can be demonstrated in the profiles which run in a NW-SE direction. With respect to petroleum potential, the Mafia Channel and Island indicate a considerable content. Three hydrocarbon plays are introduced, namely; 1) the Neocomian regressive sands of Songosongo play 2) the Upper Eocene limestone and 3) the Upper Oligocene turbidites.
36
Bouquet, Bruno. "La bordure mésozoi͏̈que orientale du massif du Labourd (Pyrénées occidentales). : Stratigraphie, sédimentologie, structure, implications géodynamiques." Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans le secteur étudié, deux types de structures géologiques cartographiques consécutives de phénomènes de resédimemtation gravitaire en masse sont mis en évidence. Le premier est représenté par des klippes sédimentaires pouvant atteindre des dimensions pluri-kilométriques. Le second type de resédimentation gravitaire correspond a un olistostrome pouvant atteindre une épaisseur de 1000 m. Les déformations témoignent d'une évolution structurale polyphasée en deux étapes principales. La première correspond à une phase plicative synschisteuse. La seconde est consécutive du poinçonnement du socle du massif du Labourd vers le nord.
37
Borgomano, Jean. "La plate-forme et le talus carbonates du cretace superieur du gargano et des murges (italie meridionale) : stratigraphie, sedimentologie, diagenese, fonctionnement tectono-sedimentaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail concerne les formations du cretace superieur du massif du gargano et des murges (italie meridionale). L'etude stratigraphique, basee sur la faune de foraminiferes et de rudistes, permet de mettre en evidence plusieurs discontinuites dans la serie et une tendance a l'emersion marquee egalement par la formation de bauxite. Les depots sont caracteristiques de milieux de plateforme carbonatee et de talus. Les breches et depots bioclastiques du talus correspondent a des mises en place par ecoulements ou glissements gravitaires controles par des phenomenes tectoniques en relation avec la structuration de la marge. Les phenomenes diagenetiques sont egalement etudies
38
Pinto-Bull, Fernando. "Evolution tectono-sédimentaire d'un bloc basculé au cours du Jurassique : le massif du Rochail-Lauvitel ( Alpes occidentales, France) . Sédimentologie, stratigraphie et tectonique synsédimentaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'étude de la série jurassique de la couverture du massif cristallin externe (Rochail-Lauvitel) a permis de préciser les différentes étapes de l'évolution d'un bloc basculé de ce secteur de la paléo-marge de la Téthys jurassique. L'étude sédimentologique a permis de distinguer 12 faciès caractérisant des milieux de dépôts compris entre les étages supralittoral et bathyal. L'analyse séquentielle met en évidence les différentes étapes d'approfondissement de ces milieux de dépôt au cours du rifting téthysien en fonction des variations biologiques et de la microfaune typique. Du point de vue séquentiel, l'Hettangien est représenté par une méga-séquence d'approfondissement découpée en 5 séquences limitées par des horizons de discontinuité. Les corrélations des différentes coupes ont permis de montrer que les variations d'épaisseur de l'Hettangien sont d'origine tectonique, mais résultent également de l'existence d'une paléo-topographie qui n'était pas plane. L'étude stratigraphique a permis, au point de vue paléontologique, de situer avec précision l'activité tectonique et l'approfondissement qui se sont produits au cours de l'Hettangien supérieur, de confirmer l'hétérochronie de la formation des Calcaires du Petit Renaud, et de mettre en évidence l'existence d'une série normale du Jurassique supérieur au sein de la formation des Calcaires du Paletas. La confrontation de l'étude sédimentologique et de l'étude stratigraphique permet d'affiner les corrélations entre les différentes coupes. L'étude paléo-structurale a permis la mise en évidence d'une activité qui a été perçue différemment par la sédimentation : • Au cours de l'Hettangien : apparition de failles normales synsédimentaires limitant de petits demi-grabens qui se sont arrêtés de fonctionner au début du Sinémurien. • L'érosion qui se manifeste sur les zones hautes entre le Domérien et l'Oxfordien moyen, est responsable du développement d'une formation biodétritique particulière sur les pentes du demi-graben : les Calcaires du Petit Renaud. • De l'Oxfordien moyen au Néocomien, la poursuite de l'instabilité des dépôts sur les pentes est responsable de la mise en place de 2 paquets glissés.
39
Cugny, Pierre. "Associations paleontologiques et paleoenvironnements : analyse quantitative des facies dans diverses formations cretacees des marges neotethysiennes et atlantique." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On montre comment l'utilisation conjointe des methodes classiques d'etude des formations geologiques (analyse sequentielle, sedimentologie, paleontologie) et de methodes quantitatives (analyse des donnees multidimensionnelles, tests statistiques) permet de reconstituer les paleoenvironnements, leur evolution et de proposer des modeles paleoecologiques. Les exemples sont pris en domaine de plateforme, dans les series du cretace des marges neotethysiennes (pyrenees, espagne, bulgarie, maroc, algerie) et atlantique (portugal)
40
CONARD-NOIREAU, MONIQUE. "Le cretace superieur en domaine subalpin meridional : biostratigraphie par les globotruncanidae et paleogeographie." Le Mans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LEMA1016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On etudie les globotruncanidae dans les formations du cretace superieur de haute provence et des alpes meridionales. On met en evidence dix biozones successives et on precise certaines limites stratigraphiques. L'etude biostratigraphique et lithologique permet de suivre l'evolution de la sedimentation, des facies de bassin jusqu'aux facies de plateforme proximale, ainsi que la tendance a l'emersion
41
Cordey, Fabrice. "Etude des radiolaires permiens, triasiques et jurassiques des complexes ophiolitiques de cache creek, bridge river et hozameen (colombie britannique, canada) : implications paleogeographiques et structurales." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On etudie les radiolaires present dans les complexes ophiolitiques cache creek, bridge river et hozameen. Ces complexes constituent certaines des terranes suspectes de la cordillere canadienne et auraient subi une accretion au mesozoique et cenozoique. L'analyse de la faune permet de reconnaitre 79 taxons connus et 54 nouveaux. Les resultats biostratigraphiques conduisent a renforcer la correlation entre complexes deja proposee par les etudes structurales, a remettre en question la formation du "superterrain intermontane" dans le sub de la colombie britannique au trias sup. , a favoriser un age jurassique inferieur au moyen pour la fermeture du paleoocean cache-creek. On observe une homogeneisation des ages des complexes ophiolitiques du sud de la cordillere canadienne
42
Gallet, Yves. "La magnetostratigraphie : aspects fondamentaux et appliques." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une eetude magnetostratigraphique de la limite jurassique/cretace au maroc permet de discuter les possibilites de correlation stratigraphique en l'absence d'une biostratigraphie bien etablie. Avec des donnees du forage de cony, on met en evidence des series triasiques et permiennes. Les resultats paleomagnetiques permettent de preciser la derive des poles magnetiques de l'eurasie. On modelise aussi le champ magnetique a l'interieur d'un forage
43
Grosheny, Danièle. "Paléoécologie et dynamique sédimentaire d'un modèle de banc à rudistes : exemple du Santonien de la Cadière (Sud-Est France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce memoire traite de la biosedimentologie de la formation de la cadiere, var. Cette formation peut etre subdivisee en cinq unites lithostratigraphiques constituees principalement de couches de calcaire a rudistes. Toutefois, on observe des variations laterales des facies dont les relations sont precisees et synthetisees grace a une analyse sequentielle. On montre que les sequences elementaires s'inscrivent dans une sequence de comblement. L'analyse des microfacies sur le plan sedimentologique et paleoecologique permet d'envisager la reconstitution des paleoenvironnements et de leur evolution. Les phenomenes de dissolution et de dolomitisation observes suggerent l'existence d'emersions temporaires. Enfin on presente une analyse systematique des miliolina dans laquelle de nouvelles especes sont decrites
44
Accarie, Hugues. "Dynamique sedimentaire et structurale au passage plate-forme/bassin : les facies cretaces et tertiaires du massif de la maiella (abruzzes, italie)." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'etude des series cretacees a tertiaires du massif de la maiella est basee sur la cartographie detaillee du domaine de transition plateforme-bassin et sur le leve d'un certain nombre de coupes. Elle est completee par une etude de la fracturation et de la fraction fine. Ces donnees permettent de proposer un modele d'evolution du domaine depuis le cretace superieur jusqu'au miocene. Quatre grandes discontinuites sedimentaires sont reconnues. L'analyse sedimentologique des ensembles permet de preciser le cadre biostratigraphique, la nature et l'organisation des depots et de reconnaitre les principaux facteurs gouvernant la sedimentation: ce sont les morphologies heritees, l'activite tectonique et les variations eustatiques
45
Claudel, Marie-Elisabeth. "Reconstitution paléogéographique du domaine briançonnais au Mésozoïque : ouvertures océaniques et raccourcissements croisés." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La zone briançonnaise est issue d'un domaine de la marge passive de la Téthys ligure, qui a émergé au Jurassique. Elle est actuellement située au cœur de l'arc alpin entre la zone externe et les autres zones internes. L'évolution particulière de ce domaine pose le problème de sa localisation paléogéographique au sein de la marge passive. En effet, les séries briançonnaises des Alpes occidentales (Sud et du Pelvoux) montrent les traces de déformations anté-alpines antérieures ou postérieures au rifting jurassique de la Téthys ligure. L'analyse des marqueurs structuraux (failles normales, filons, hard-ground, ...) contenus dans la sédimentation associée aux études classiques de sédimentologie, stratigraphie et de micropaléontologie permettent d'établir une chronologie précise des évènements extensifs, de caractériser ces paléostructures et de mettre au jour l'évolution du domaine briançonnais tout au long du Mésozoïque et du Cénozoïque. Des variations d'épaisseurs de l'unité lithologique des « Calcaires rubanés » du Ladinien inférieur impliquent une subsidence différentielle d'origine tectonique (période antérift). Des phénomènes de dissociation trouvés à la limite Ladinien-Carnien pourraient correspondre à des ébranlements sismiques contemporains d'une structure syn-rift précoce de la plate-forme triasique. A partir de l'analyse diagénétique d'échantillons prélevés au niveau de la surface d'émersion, il semble que la lacune débute au Sinémurien supérieur sur l'aire de Peyre-Haute. Le rifting téthysien comprendrait 2 phases : au Carnien et au Sinémurien (surrection). En Briançonnais, 2 aires de subsidence distinctes discernables sur des courbes de subsidence ont donc été mises en évidence pour cette période. L'effondrement « post-rift » de la pate-forme briançonnaise au Bathonien supérieur est suivi par une nouvelle structuration au Callovien-Oxfordien créant de nouvelles failles [Claudel et al., 1997]. Les périodes d'activité tectonique du Crétacé sont surtout marquées par des réactivations de failles : à l'Aptien-Albien et au Turonien supérieur. Les brèches du Campanien-Maastrichtien pourraient s'être déposées en contexte de convergence. L'analyse structurale montre l'existence de chevauchements hors-séquences au sein de l'édifice de nappes briançonnaises : la direction de chevauchement des charriages éocènes seraient obliques (vers le nord ?) par rapport aux charriages vers l'ouest oligocènes. La 1ère mise en place de nappes (Peyre-Haute et Prorel) est superficielle et marquée par des olistostromes (Eychauda, Queyrelets). L'analyse paléomagnétique préliminaire [Thomas et al., soumis] suggère une rotation anti-horaire d'une quarantaine de degrés postérieure à toutes les phases de plissements post-nappes de l'ensemble de la zone briançonnaise étudiée. Le dépliage des unités tectoniques, prenant en compte la rotation et les transports vers le nord, a permis de proposer une reconstitution paléogéographique régionale qui replace le domaine briançonnais au sein du Sud Est de la France dans le prolongement est de la Provence jusqu'au Jurassique supérieur. Replacées dans le contexte géodynamique globale, ces structurations successives croisées au niveau du domaine briançonnais pourraient résulter d'interférences entre les cycles de rifting-ouverture océanique suivants décalés dans l'espace et dans le temps [Claudel & Dumont, soumis] : système Halstatt-Méliata au Ladinien inférieur ; système Atlantique Central-Téthys ligure au Carnien-Lias ; système Atlantique Nord-Golfe de Gascogne-domaine valaisan au Callovien-Oxfordien. La plate-forme triasique enregistrerait tout d'abord l'écho du rifting de l'océan Halstatt au Ladinien, puis subit le 1er stade du rifting téthysien dès le Ladinien supéruer-Carnien. La phase principale survenant au Lias se traduit en domaine briançonnais par une surrection ; ce qui permet d'admettre que ce domaine constituait l'épaulement du rift téthysien [Stampfi, 1993]. Après l'ouverture initiale de l'océan Téthysien ligure, le rifting valaisan oblique par rapport à la ride médio-téthysienne continue de structurer le domaine briançonnais situé dès lors à l'intersection de 2 zones de rupture crustale. Le Wombat plateau au large de l'Australie a subit une évolution de ce type et fournit une image analogue à celle proposée pour le domaine briançonnais au Mésozoïque.
46
Lorenz, Jacqueline. "Le dogger du berry : contribution a la connaissance des plates-formes carbonatees europeennes au jurassique." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail, stratigraphique, resulte de l'exploitation des donnees de terrain acquises lors des levers de cartes geologiques a 1/50 000 de la bordure sud du bassin parisien. Cinq profils decrits entre le blanc et la vallee de la loire permettent de proposer des datations pour les differents facies rencontres. A l'ouest de la region etudiee le callovien et l'oxfordien inferieur sont absents. Au centre le bathonien manque completement. A partir de saint-amand-montrond, le callovien apparait et devient complet a proximite de la vallee de la loire. Il existe donc une lacune dont le maximum d'extension est bathonien inferieur a oxfordien moyen, sur une plate-forme carbonatee bordee a l'est par le fosse de la loire et s'ouvrant a l'ouest sur l'atlantique en cours d'ouverture. Les variations de facies et d'epaisseurs avec apparition de facies particuliers (evaporites), sont lies a une tectonique synsedimentaire active au cours du bajocien et du bahtonien. De grands accidents de socle de direction armoricaine ont rejoue en blocs bascules, comme "l'accident sud du bassin de paris" responsable de la structure anticlinale maille-arpheuilles-chateauroux.
47
Haddoumi, Hamid. "Les couches rouges (bathonien à barrémien) du synclinal des ait attab (haut atlas, Maroc) : Étude sédimentologique et stratigraphique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Étude des couches rouges du synclinal des Ait Attab, Haut Atlas central du Maroc. Après avoir précisé le cadre stratigraphique de l'étude, on décrit une série de coupes géologiques : l'étude des lithofacies, des séquences sédimentaires, des structures et du contenu faunique permet de proposer des interprétations concernant les milieux de dépôts. On précise l'inventaire faunique des formations étudiées ainsi que leur implication
48
Bérard-Bergery, Micheline. "Contributions à l'étude du volcanisme triasique en Grèce : Implications géodynamiques." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Étude de différentes séries volcano-sédimentaires en zone pindique et sur des bordures (massifs du Lakmon, du Koziakas et du Vardoussia), en zone pelagonienne (ile d'Eubée), en zone Maliaque (Massif de l'Othrys) et dans le Dodécanèse (Iles de Tilos et de Rhodes). Dans chaque cas, un examen de l'environnement stratigraphique, ainsi qu'une étude pétrographique et géochimique des roches magmatiques permettent de définir les types de volcanisme suivant : calco-alcalin (massif d'Othrys, Eubée), transitionnel (massif d'Othrys, Eubée), alcalin (massif d'Othrys, Eubée, Dodécanèse). Plusieurs implications géodynamiques sont envisagées
49
Hartmann, Ari. "Newly discovered Mesozoic rift basins in the Virginia Blue Ridge : sedimentology, provenance, structure, and tectonics /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10288/573.
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Helgeson, James M. "Structure and stratigraphy of the Mountain Boy Range, Eureka County, Nevada." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35749.
Повний текст джерела