Дисертації: "Storm wate"

1

Максименко, Олена Аркадіївна. "Сучасні підходи до питання раціонального використання зливових вод". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39310.

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У статті зроблено оцінку методів очищення зливових стоків з метою раціонального використання природних вод і забезпечення екологічної безпеки.
The article presents the methods of cleaning storm water with the aim of rational use of natural waters and ensuring environmental safety.

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2

Andersson, Josefin. "Hållbar Dagvattenhantering på Kvartersmark : En utvärdering av hur väl den planerade dagvattenhanteringen fungerar i verkligheten." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219431.

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Storm water management in residential areas is facing tough challenges. Climate change, with its altered precipitation patterns, in combination with an increasing development rate, results in higher risk of flooding with its complications. EU-Water Framework Directive (WFD) and its environmental quality standards, set to achieve good chemical and biological status in all waters, got a more strict interpretation after the implementation of the ruling of Weserdomen. This means that no activity is allowed that cannot prove not to endanger prevailing environmental quality standards. This complicates the planning process and infrastructure development since some form of WFD assessment needs to be performed. This master´s thesis is of importance since it identifies common occurring problems within the planning- and construction process and highlights ways to achieve a more sustainable storm water management, where environmental quality standards are not jeopardized, in the future. An evaluation is performed in terms of interviews, a literature review and by using a storm water model called StormTac applied on two case studies. Results of this thesis show that lack of communication, vague directives, inadequate design and maintenance of storm water facilities are reasons that a sustainable storm water management is not achieved. Results from modeling the storm water situation prior to construction of the residential areas were set as benchmarks, which were not to be exceeded by results from modeling areas after construction. The purpose of this was to not endanger the current storm water state and thereby not risk violating prevailing environmental quality standards. The result from modeling the storm water situation after construction shows that both case studies exceed the flow and pollution load benchmarks. Because of this, solutions to the current storm water situation was created and modeled to achieve the study aim. StormTac can be applied as a tool for comparison of flow and pollution load prior to and after construction, given that the same land uses are used in both cases. Land use choices should be evaluated and the degree of uncertainty should be considered when interpreting the results.
Dagvattenhantering på kvartersmark står inför stora utmaningar. Klimatförändringar medför ändrade nederbördsmönster med intensivare skyfall som i kombination med en allt högre exploateringsgrad ökar risken för översvämningar och dess negativa konsekvenser. EU:s ramdirektiv för vatten och beslutade miljökvalitetsnormer anger att god status ska uppnås i samtliga vattenförekomster. Införande av Weserdomen resulterar i en strängare tolkning av försämringsförbudet, som råder vid statusklassificeringen, vilket i sin tur gör att befintlig dagvattensituation inte får försämras. Detta gör att planeringsskede, anläggning och faktisk funktion hos implementerade dagvattenlösningar fått ett allt mer hållbart fokus. Detta examensarbete är av vikt då det identifierar problem i plan- och byggprocessen samt belyser hur dessa kan undvikas för att uppnå en mer hållbar dagvattenhantering i framtiden. En utvärdering är utförd i form av intervjuer och litteraturstudie samt dagvattenmodellering i modelleringsverktyget StormTac av två fallstudier. Resultat visar att kommunikation, otydliga direktiv, bristfällig utformning och skötsel av dagvattenanläggningar är orsaker till att dagvattenhanteringen inte uppnår rening- och flödesutjämningsbehov enligt miljömål och – krav. Resultat från modellering av dagvattensituationen före exploatering sattes som referensvärden som inte får överskridas vid modellering av området efter exploatering, för att befintlig dagvattensituation skulle säkerställas att inte försämras. Resultat av modellering efter exploatering överskred referensvärden i båda fallstudierna och därmed modellerades scenarier med dagvattenhanteringsförslag för att uppnå målsättning. StormTac fungerar som ett verktyg för att jämföra flödes- och föroreningsbelastning före och efter exploatering, förutsatt att samma markanvändningstyper används. Val av markanvändning bör ses över och osäkerheter hos resulterande flödes- och föroreningsmängder bör tas hänsyn till.

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3

Sangameswaran, Sivaramakrishnan. "Water quality modeling of a storm water channel." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,52.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of New Orleans, 2003.
Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering"--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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4

Weaver, Robert J. "Effect of wave forces on storm surge." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003304.

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5

Hoffa, Samantha. "Storm water build-out analysis Amberley Village /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1085698416.

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6

Ringler, Simon. "First Flush Characterization of Storm Water Runoff." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/537.

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This proposed research focused on the characterization of first flush in storm water runoff from elevated roadways, to assist the establishment of a storm water program and to facilitate the selection of treatment technology. Storm water runoff from highways transports a significant load of contaminants, especially heavy metals and particulate matter, to receiving waters. Heavy metals, either in dissolved or particulate bound phases, are unique in the fact that unlike organic compounds, they are not degraded in the environment. The objective was to develop a mass loading based diagram of the "first flush." In order to achieve this goal, a general characterization of the most important variables affecting â€œfirst flushâ€ from elevated highways was necessarily. Also point this study is the requirement of a â€œfirst flushâ€ treatment associated with storm water runoff from elevated highways. The test site was selected at the intersection of the Interstate-10 and Interstate- 610, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana.

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7

Pleiman, Erin. "INTERNSHIP WITH AN EMERGING STORM WATER UTILITY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1082664649.

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8

HOFFA, SAMANTHA. "STORM WATER BUILD-OUT ANALYSIS: AMBERLEY VILLAGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085698416.

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9

Peng, Yang Amy, and 彭阳. "Living with water: decentralized storm water management in urban village." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50707048.

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10

Peacock, Steven. "Storm Water System Monitoring for the Small Municipality Under Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4298/.

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Storm water quality can have a significant impact on receiving water bodies. The chief recipients of these impacts are aquatic life in the receiving water body and downstream water users. Over the last few decades, legislation, regulations, institutions and facilities have evolved to recognize the impact of urban storm water on receiving streams. This increased emphasis has caused contaminants in storm water to be identified as a major concern. This developing concern has generated an increased interest in the water quality of our streams and lakes and emphasized the need for more monitoring efforts. With the passage of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II requirements, small municipalities are responsible for storm water impacts on receiving waters within their jurisdiction. For the purposes of NPDES Phase II requirements, small municipalities are identified as these municipalities that are typically composed of 10,000 but less than 100,000 in population. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a manual for use by the staff of small municipalities in meeting the requirements prescribed by changes initiated in the NPDES Phase II regulations. Attempts were made to comply with these requirements within a very limited manpower and budget framework and to develop procedures that would allow for permit compliance using testing equipment that was both reliable and robust. The users' manual provides valuable guidance in the establishment of a knowledge base for characterization of the watersheds selected for study. Chapter 3 of the dissertation contains a users' manual, designed for use by municipal staff members in their efforts to comply with the NPDES Phase II requirements. Using the techniques and equipment capabilities developed during the writing of the users' manual a characterization of three watersheds within Denton County, Texas was developed. Non-storm water samples were taken from each of the streams and a baseline analysis was established. The three watersheds represented agricultural, suburban and urban settings. Storm water samples were obtained from multiple storms within all three watersheds and data analysis used to determine the character and impact of urban runoff. Determination of the constituents for analysis was based on monitoring requirements of the NPDES Phase I and II requirements for owners and operators of municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4) and on the Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (TPDES) Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP). The three watersheds were determined to have multiple statistically significant differences for some parameters between their Base Flows and Storm Flows. The impact of urban runoff on the receiving waters of these three drainage systems was clearly demonstrated throughout the testing period.

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11

Watkins, Edwin W. "Extended stormwater detention basin design for pollutant removal." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040522/.

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12

Su, Yuming. "Storm water runoff treatment with multi-chamber pipes." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177524622.

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13

Wilson, Robert. "The NPDES Storm Water Rules - A Municipal Impact." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296448.

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From the Proceedings of the 1991 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 20, 1991, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona

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14

Udén, Jonathan. "Pollution transport in the Boden garrison storm water." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203039.

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In 2012, the Swedish fortification agency started an environmental program for their real estate in northern Sweden. For the Boden garrison this meant an evaluation was needed for their storm water handling. The evaluation fell upon Grontmij AB in Boden. This thesis concerns the pollution from the storm water pipes into its recipient Lule River. Its aim was also to evaluate the areas for the event of a bigger oil spill, since there are many mechanical garages within the garrison. The pollution concerning oil was evaluated by calculating the flow in each outlet into the river, with different rain intensities. For other pollutants, the volumes of storm water each year, for every outlet were calculated. With concern for the snow melting process, it was also calculated for which period of the year would be interesting to keep an extra watch for pollutant concentrations and maximum flows. Results showed that for a 50-year period, none of the years would have had their peak flow because of the snow melt. The results for evaluation of an oil spill showed that none of the outlets were equipped for an accident of such sort, should it coincide with a rainfall of a high intensity. The results also showed that one of the outlets had an oil trap only dimensioned for rainfall of the lowest intensity. The calculating of pollutant volumes raises the concern for reliable data, but measures have already been taken to meet this concern.

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15

Maple, Patrick T. "Survey of Storm Water Quality in an Urban Environment." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1364826192.

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16

Elgendy, Mohamed Moustafa M. A. "Condition assessment and data integration for GIS-based storm water drainage infrastructure management systems." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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17

Pater, Susan. "Stormwater in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147002.

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40 pp.
Managing stormwater is important to reduce flooding, keep people safe, maintain clean water, and to reduce soil erosion. Cities have built systems of streets, washes, channels, and stormdrains to manage stormwater and direct it to major washes. Because stormwater drains from small washes to these larger watercourses, keeping stormwater clean is also important. The next time it rains, consider how the rain affects you. Do you want to go outside and play in the raindrops and puddles? What happens to the streets in your neighborhood? Do you live near any washes that flow when it rains? Where does your stormwater go?

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18

Hsieh, Chi-hsu. "Engineering bioretention for treatment of urban storm water runoff." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/239.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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19

Fullerton, James N. "A simplified modellling approach for storm water flow optimisation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407277.

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During a rainstorm, urban drainage systems channel the storm water to locations where the water can be treated. Many urban drainage systems in the UK are quite old and were originally created to cope with lower population levels. As the rate of urbanisation increase and more surfaces become impermeable, drainage systems re inundated with increasing amounts of water. Over time, urban drainage systems require significant alterations to allow them to channel the increasing levels of storm water flows. A model of the urban drainage system can be created to simulate the effects of storm water in the system when different types of rainstorms are applied to it. Such models can be used to predict the consequences of any alterations to the system. With limited public funding available to improve existing systems, optimisation procedures offer a possible method for identifying the best solution for the least cost. Simulating existing urban drainage models is time consuming, especially with the amount of separate simulations that are required by most optimisation procedures. The aim of this study is the development of a simplified model for an urban drainage system that is primarily designed for speed of calculation. Adapted from a simplified pollution control model, the Packet Approach allows for the rapid evaluation of an urban drainage system model under different rainfall events. Coupled with a Genetic Algorithm optimisation method, the packet approach is easily applied to a basic model to reduce flooding caused by an inefficient drainage network. The scale of the Packet Approach is expanded so that it can be applied to a commercialsized drainage system. The expanded version of the Packet Approach, called FastNett, simulates commercial models and allows for a comparison of flow rate and flood volume to those predicted by alternative commercial software. Once a reasonable comparison is achieved, the model is optimised by FastNett, which dramatically reduces the level of flooding for a minimal cost and in a reasonable calculation time. At the end, several suggestions re given as to how FastNett could be adapted to overcome any of its natural limitations and also to cope with more complicated commercial networks.

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20

Karlsson, Sjögren Isabelle. "Characterization of microplastics in storm water in Örebro, Sweden." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84460.

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Microplastic is a widespread pollutant in marine and fresh water systems. A major pathway by which microplastics end up in these systems is via storm water. Storm water is generated as precipitation drain off of impenetrable surfaces like paving. Microplastic analysis of storm water make up a good foundation for better understanding what sources and factors contribute to microplastic pollution in marine and fresh water systems. This study puts emphasis on characterization and quantification of microplastics through visual characterization. As visual characterization is a subjective form of analysis, the characterization was performed based on guidelines in order to minimize the risk of identifying false positives. The concentration of microplastic was found to be higher in the current study than in comparison to larger water bodies and storm water streams in less urban areas. Fragments, i.e. irregular shaped particles with the appearance of being broken from a larger piece of litter, were found to be the most abundant type of microplastics, pointing at littering as a major source of microplastics in storm water.

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21

Siddam, Ravali. "Estimating the Benefits of Trees in Storm Water Management." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1408378673.

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22

Schuchman, Rachel. "Storm Water Retention of Native and Sedum Green Roofs." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111534.

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Green roofs are an established best management practice (BMP) for storm water mitigation because of their ability to retain precipitation runoff. The purpose of this study was to quantify storm water retention of Sedum and native plant green roof systems at three substrate depths (10, 15, 20 cm). Survival of plants on green roof systems is dependent on how quickly they can establish themselves. This study also determined native and Sedum plant roof surface coverage at three green roof growth media depths (10, 15, 20 cm). A mixture of six Sedum species (S. spurium, S. sexangulare, S. album, S. Immergrunchen, S. kamtschaticum, and S. reflexum) and four native species (Sporolus cryplandrus, Boutelous curtipendula, B. gracilis , and Penstamen pallidus) were planted into the built-in-place systems (BIPs) on June 20, 2014.

There were 137 precipitation events totaling to 158.2 cm during the entire (June 20, 2014-June 30, 2015) study period and there were 87 precipitation events with a total precipitation of 108.1 cm during storm water collection (Oct. 31, 2015 until June 30, 2015). During the study period, mean storm water retention of green roof systems planted with native (>58%) and Sedum (>53%) species were identical regardless of growth media depth. Mean storm water retention in green roof systems planted with native and Sedum species in all growth media depths were greater than mean storm water retention of non-vegetated roof models (32%).

Green roof plant surface coverage plays an important role in water retention of storm water runoff. During the dormant period (January 23, 2015), roof coverage by Sedum plants was greater than roof coverage by native plants. In addition, green roof surface coverage by Sedum plants was the same regardless of depth (>89%). Green roof surface coverage of native plants in 10 cm depth achieved less coverage than native plants in 15 and 20 cm depths. These results differ from the plant-growing season (June 30, 2015). Green roof surface coverage by native plants in green roof systems with 15 and 20 cm growth media depth were identical to the roof coverage by Sedum plants in green roof systems with 10, 15, or 20 growth media depth. Green roof surface coverage by native plants in green roof systems with 10 cm growth media depth was less than the roof coverage in all green roof systems in this study.

Analysis of covariance was used to determine if green roof surface coverage by native and Sedum plants affected mean storm water retention. During the study period green roof surface coverage by native and Sedum plants did not affect storm water retention regardless of growth media depth.

This green roof research demonstrates that green roof systems planted with native plant species are effective tools for retaining storm water in the mid-western region of the United States. After 9 months, there was no difference in storm water retention between native and Sedum species planted in 10, 15, and 20 cm growth media depth. Each green roof module retained more storm water than the traditional, non-vegetated roof model. Both native and Sedum species planted on green roofs in 10, 15, and 20 cm media depth achieved more than 69 percent green roof surface coverage after nine months.

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23

Dorman, Michael E. "A methodology for the design of wet detention basins for treatment of highway stormwater runoff." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040351/.

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24

El, Masry Josef, and Miher Alkazragi. "Ovidkommande dagvatten i spillvattenledningar - En fallstudie av dagvattenhantering i ett bostadsområde i Hok." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28041.

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25

Kea, Kandace. "An Analysis of Trends in U.S. Stormater Utility and Fee Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53704.

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Many municipalities have established stormwater user fees (SUFs), commonly known as stormwater utilities, to raise revenue for stormwater management programs, however little is known about the trends among the fees currently in existence. This research observes trends in the establishment, type and magnitude of user fees by analyzing location, population density, home value, and establishment for a comprehensive national stormwater user fee database with data for 1,490 user fees. The Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU), a SUF that charges based on impervious area, was the most prevalent fee type in all NOAA Climate regions of the U.S. except the West and West North Central. The Tier system, a SUF that charges differently for properties by defined categories, was the second most prevalent in all regions except the East North Central and West North Central. The ERU was found in larger cities with high population densities whereas flat fees, SUFs that charge a single rate for all properties, were found in smaller towns. Higher home values led to higher monthly fees for 28% of the municipalities analyzed. The Residential Equivalence Factor (REF), a SUF that charges based on runoff produced, was popular in municipalities with higher home values and the flat fee was popular in those with lower home values. The number of SUFs established increased near Phase I MS4 permit and Phase II small MS4 permit deadlines.
Master of Science

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26

Pugh, Evan. "Effects of biological activity and precipitation on stormwater retention basin water chemistry in Bryn Mawr, PA." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/826.

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27

Ng, Warren Heng Wan. "Identification, transport and treatment of adhered deleterious substances of stormwater in an urban catchment thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Earth & Oceanic Sciences Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, August 2004 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/NgW.pdf.

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28

Ffolliott, Peter F., and Malchus B. Jr Baker. "Labor Day Storm of 1970 Revisited 30 Years Later." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296585.

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29

Hibbert, Alden R. "Storm Runoff and Sediment Production After Wildfire in Chaparral." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296383.

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From the Proceedings of the 1985 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 27, 1985, Las Vegas, Nevada
Stormflow and sediment production increased greatly after a wildfire on three small cha3parrlal watersheds in .entral Arizona. Peaks frequently exceeded 5 m³ s⁻¹ km⁻² (450 cfg mi⁻²) when 15-minute rainfall intensity exceeded 50 mm hr⁻¹ (2 in hr⁻¹) on catchments that, before burning, responded little to intense rainfall. Source water for the flashy spates and heavy erosion was surface runoff on the severely burned, unprotected, water -repellent soils. For a few years after the fire, intense summer rains produced a disproportionate amount of the runoff and sediment. Early postfire recovery was rapid; severe flooding and erosion were over in 3 years, and within 5 to 10 years stormflows and peaks declined to near prefire levels. Postfire conversion to grass on one watershed did not appreciably change the rate of recovery.

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30

Lorei, Gary Edward. "Evaluation of a New Storm Water BMP- a Filtration Basin." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1377023792.

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31

Jennings, Laura. "A Storm Water Runoff Investigation Using Gis and Remote Sensing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149613/.

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Environmental controls are becoming more and more expensive to implement, so environmental management is becoming more technologically advanced and efficient through the adoption of new techniques and models. This paper reviews the potential for storm water runoff for the city of Denton, Texas and with the main objective to perform storm water runoff analyses for three different land use datasets; each landuse dataset created with a different methodology. Also analyzed was the difference between two North Central Texas Council of Governments land use datasets and my own land use dataset as a part of evaluating new and emerging remote sensing techniques. The results showed that new remote sensing techniques can help to continually monitor changes within watersheds by providing more accurate data.

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32

Florberger, Jenny. "Dagvattendammars reningseffekt : påverkande faktorer och metodik för statistisk modellering." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88846.

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Storm water is defined as runoff from precipitation such as rain or snow. It is collected in sewage disposal systems and since it mainly originates from urban areas it can contain high levels of heavy metals, nutrients and oil etc. Polluted storm water is currently treated by different methods such as wet ponds, constructed wetlands and filter strips. This study investigates these methods, which in earlier studies have shown to give varying results regarding their treatment efficiency.

This thesis has been written on commission of SWECO VIAK and was aimed at studying those parameters that may affect the treatment efficiency of nutrients and heavy metals in storm water treatment facilities (STF:s). Through literature studies the dominating treatment processes in ponds and wetlands were examined. The flow pattern was then simulated in four different storm water ponds, of varying shape and size, by using a physically based computer model. The residence time distribution for each pond could then be calculated as well as the hydraulic efficiency, which is a measure on how well the inflowing water is spread throughout a pond. Finally a multiple regression analysis was performed. This analysis examined how the reduction of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium depends on the following factors: the specific pond area, the variance of the residence time distribution, the hydraulic efficiency and the concentration of incoming metals and suspended solids. The specific pond area is a factor which is defined as the pond area divided by the reduced run off area.

The results from the multiple regression analysis indicate that an increasing content of inflowing suspended solids leads to a better treatment efficiency regarding lead and copper. The specific area showed to have some effect on the treatment efficiency, but this effect was less than that of the content of inflowing suspended solids. The reduction of cadmium depended mainly on the specific area and the incoming concentration of cadmium. An increasing reduction of zinc could to some extent be explained by an increasing specific area.

The results from this analysis and earlier studies are emphasizing the fact that adsorption to particles and sediment is one of the main processes for a good separation of heavy metals from storm water. Longer measurements series from additional treatment facilities are needed to build a statistical model which, in the future, can be used to predict the treatment efficiency of storm water ponds.

Dagvatten är regn- och smältvatten som samlas upp i avloppssystem. Då detta vatten huvudsakligen härstammar från urban bebyggelse så kan det innehålla höga halter tungmetaller, närsalter och olja med mera. Idag behandlas förorenat dagvatten bland annat genom nyttjande av dammar, våtmarker och översilningsytor. Dessa behandlingsalternativ har dock visat sig ge varierande resultat med avseende på dess reningseffektivitet.

Detta arbete har utförts på uppdrag av konsultföretaget SWECO VIAK och syftade till att studera vilka parametrar som påverkar reningseffekten av närsalter och tungmetaller i dagvattendammar. Genom litteraturstudier undersöktes de dominerande reningsprocesserna i dammar och våtmarker. Därefter modellerades strömningen i 4 dammar med varierande form och storlek. Vid detta arbete erhölls en fördelning av uppehållstiden hos vattnet för respektive damm samt ett värde på den hydrauliska effektiviteten, vilken är ett mått på hur väl det inströmmande vattnet sprids ut i dammen. Slutligen utfördes en multipel regressionsanalys.

Vid denna analys undersöktes hur reningen av bly, koppar, zink och kadmium beror av den specifika dammarean, variansen hos vattnets uppehållstidsfördelning, den hydrauliska effektiviteten samt inkommande metall- och TSS-koncentration (suspenderat material). Den specifika dammarean är en faktor vilken defineras som kvoten mellan dammens area och dess reducerade avrinningsområde.

Resultaten från den multipla regressionen tyder på att en ökad inkommande halt av suspenderat material till dammen har störst betydelse för en förbättrad avskiljning av bly och koppar. Även den specifika arean och metallkoncentrationen i inflödet visade sig ha en viss, men något mindre, betydelse. Reduktionen av kadmium berodde däremot till störst del av den specifika arean och inkommande kadmiumkoncentration. En ökad reduktion av zink förklarades till viss del av en ökad specifik area. Resultatet att halten av suspenderat material i hög grad avgör reningen samt tidigare studier understryker det faktum att adsorption till partiklar och sediment verkar vara en av de viktigaste processerna för en god avskiljning av tungmetaller. Längre mätserier från fler dagvattendammar krävs dock för att i framtiden ta fram en statistisk modell vilken skulle kunna användas till att prediktera reningseffekten.

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33

Jones, David K. "Computational modelling of combined storm surge and wave overtopping of embankments." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/920.

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The primary function of seawalls and embankments is to protect against damage and injury caused by flooding. Coastal flooding is caused by combinations of high tides, waves, wind set-up and storm surges driven by low-pressure systems. However with global warming causing sea levels to rise and with increased storminess causing more extreme waves and storm surges, the likelihood of overtopping of seawalls with zero or negative freeboard may well be expected to increase. Researchers using physical and numerical models to develop design formulae have widely investigated wave overtopping of seawalls with positive freeboard. However the design of seawalls with zero or negative freeboard has attracted much less attention, and some variation exists between overtopping discharge calculated with current design formulae. The focus of this thesis is the extreme situation when overtopping caused by storm waves is combined with surge levels above the embankment crest. The local highly accelerative flow over the embankment crest caused by the high surge level will significantly alter the flow at the crest. This is likely to have a highly non-linear effect upon the overtopping waves. In this thesis, the flow is investigated with a 2DV numerical model based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations developed by Lin and Liu (1998a). The model describes the flow characteristics of a breaking wave such as the velocities within the wave as well as the turbulence at the seabed boundary layer. As an example of the model’s ability to describe complex hydrodynamic flows, this study investigates its ability to represent the second order mass transport under progressive and standing waves. The model results are compared with available theory and experimental results. This shows that mass transport is successfully predicted, although there is some variation in the magnitude compared to the experimental and theoretical results. To consider the model’s ability to simulate storm surge wave overtopping of embankments, the RANS model has been used to simulate an experimental study conducted by Hughes and Nadal (2009). To examine the success of the model at reproducing the wave generation, transformation and overtopping processes the model results have been compared with the experimental laboratory data. This makes possible a wave-by-wave comparison of overtopping parameters such as discharge, depth and velocity for a storm surge event. Additionally the overtopping discharge predicted by the model is compared with design formulae and the differences in the overtopping discharge calculated with current design formulae are investigated and explained. Finally, the RANS model is used to determine the effect of embankment crest width on the magnitude of the overtopping discharge. Results from RANS model tests are used to provide design guidance in the form of an equation that allows the effect of crest width to be included when evaluating combined discharge at embankments.

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34

Erlacher, Ruben. "Regression Analysis of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Storm Water Runoff from Elevated Roadways." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/150.

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This proposed research focused on the prediction and identification of dissolved heavy metals in storm water runoff from elevated roadways. Storm water runoff from highways transports a significant load of contaminants, especially heavy metals and particulate matter, to receiving waters. Heavy metals, either in dissolved or particulatebound phases, are unique in the fact that unlike organic compounds, they are not degraded in the environment. The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model to relate dissolved heavy metal concentration to different measurable parameters which are easily available and routinely measurable for elevated roadways. The reliability of the developed models was then evaluated by comparing the raw data versus data predicted by the models. The test site for this research was selected at the intersection of the Interstate-10 and Interstate-610, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana. Subsequently a research test site was developed and highway storm water runoff was collected. Volumetric flow rates were measured with every collected sample by measuring the amount of collected water and the collection time. Storm water runoff from the examined elevated roadway section was sampled for 10 storm events throughout the course of the study from which hydrologic and water quality data were collected. The measurement of different parameters made it possible to determine the percentage of dissolved heavy metal mass loading and the characterization of high runoff flow intensity and low runoff flow intensity storm events. Another very important achievement in this research was the construction of a predictive model for dissolved heavy metal concentrations based on field measurements. Data analysis proceeded by applying different variable selection statistical methods as well as multiple regression analyses in order to evaluate the simultaneous effects of all variables on the concentration of dissolved heavy metals in storm water runoff. The developed model enables the user to predict dissolved heavy metal concentrations with known field measurements within a prediction interval of 95 % confidence. The reliability of the models was verified by carrying out significant-difference tests for both sets of data, observed and predicted, for a 5% of significance level.

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35

Vaughan, Matthew CH. "Shining light on the storm: Using high-frequency optical water quality sensors to characterize and interpret storm nutrient and carbon dynamics among contrasting land uses." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1002.

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Elevated nutrient concentrations present significant challenges to surface water quality management globally, and dissolved organic matter mediates several key biogeochemical processes. Storm events often dominate riverine loads of nitrate, phosphorus, and dissolved organic matter, and are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in many regions due to climate change. The recent development of in situ optical sensors has revolutionized water quality monitoring and has highlighted the important role storms play in water quality. This dissertation focuses on improving the application of in situ optical water quality sensors and interpreting the high-frequency data they produce to better understand biogeochemical and watershed processes that are critical for resource management. We deployed in situ sensors to monitor water quality in three watersheds with contrasting land use / land cover, including agricultural, urban, and forested landscapes. The sensors measured absorbance of ultraviolet-visible light through the water column at 2.5 nanometer wavelength increments at 15-minute intervals for three years. These deployments provided a testbed to evaluate the sensors and improve models to predict concentrations of nitrate, three phosphorus fractions, and dissolved organic carbon using absorbance spectra and laboratory analyses through multivariate statistical techniques. In addition, an improved hysteresis calculation method was used to determine short-timescale storm dynamics for several parameters during 220 storm events. Goals of each dissertation chapter were to: (1) examine the influences of seasonality, storm size, and dominant land use / land cover on storm dissolved organic carbon and nitrate hysteresis and loads; (2) evaluate the utility of the sensors to determine total, dissolved, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in streams draining different land use / land covers, and perform the first statistically robust validation technique applied to optical water quality sensor calibration models; and (3) analyze storm event dissolved organic matter quantity and character dynamics by calculating hysteresis indices for DOC concentration and spectral slope ratio, and develop a novel analytical framework that leverages these high frequency measurements to infer biogeochemical and watershed processes. Each chapter includes key lessons and future recommendations for using in situ optical sensors to monitor water quality.

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36

Anderson, Robert Derek. "Reducing orthophosphates in retention ponds and its impact on larval mosquito abundance." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 98 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397903371&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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37

Whant, Louis Mathew. "Stormwater impacts on disharge water quality in licensed drains at the Port Kembla Steelworks." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060712.144710/index.html.

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38

Királ, Martin. "Komplexní hospodaření s vodou v obytném objektu v obci Pařezov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372202.

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This diploma thesis deals with sound water management and is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into three main chapters. The first part focuses on rainwater, its quality characteristics and utilization. The second chapter focuses on the management of waste water, its properties, the amount of waste water and natural ways of wastewater treatment. The last chapter is devoted to the gray waters and their utilization. The practical part focuses on the study of the draft comprehensive management of sewage and rainwater in the village Pařezov district Domažlice. It focuses on wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands, using rainwater for irrigation and infiltration of the remaining water.

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39

Singh, Rohit. "Integrating the planning of green spaces and sustainable drainage systems." Thesis, Abertay University, 2012. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0a86d97d-4a27-429a-8dae-6afa03659ca9.

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In recent times urban flooding has become more frequent and more complex due to the effects of increasing urban areas and climate change. In some established urban areas the existing drainage infrastructure is unable to cope with the volume of surface runoff and flooding events are more frequent, therefore new approaches to create more space for water within developments are required. This research was conceived in that context. It aims to investigate the potential for integrating green space planning with water planning and to develop a framework for the same in order to reduce the risk of flooding. An extensive literature review was carried out in the areas of urban planning, water planning, planning legislations, and issues related to integrating green space and water planning. The review identified the need for an inclusive framework which could integrate aspects of green space and storm water planning more holistically to achieve greater spatial planning efficiency. To satisfy this need, a conceptual framework was developed which took into consideration the opinions of various stakeholders. The conceptual framework included green spaced planning for SUDS, recreational and storm water indicators and a mechanism for integrated evaluation of SUDS for recreation and storm water management. The conceptual framework provided a joint approach where both engineers and planners will need to work together for the development of integrated storm water and green space plans. The framework showed processes for both disciplines and also indicates how spatial planning and water planning interfaced so that there was clarity of roles. In order to evaluate integrated plans, an ‘integrated evaluation tool’ was developed which uses indicators from both the areas of green space planning and water planning. The evaluation tool also contained a scoring system which can be used to select storm water management options with more recreational potential. The tool provides a mechanism to balance the requirements of recreation and storm water management so that more holistic solutions can be developed by teams of engineers and planners. The conceptual framework and the integrated evaluation tool were applied to two case study catchments. Results from the case studies showed the relationship of spatial planning and flooding. It further tested whether recreational aspects could be integrated into storm water planning. A number of drainage options were tested to show the application of the evaluation tool under various scenarios. This results of the research showed that the conceptual framework was appropriate in both case study areas even though the areas had different patterns of development. It is therefore proposed that the approach has potential for wider application in other geographical areas. Results from the two areas also showed that the integrated approach established in this research could enhance the recreational aspects associated with urban storm water management. The framework presented in this thesis will potentially be of use to a wide range of stakeholders such policy makers, local authorities, water companies, consultants and researchers. It could also be useful in informing the evolution of planning policies and technical guidance associated with water and green space planning.

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40

Abu, Hajar Husam A. "Exfiltration Trenches for Post Construction Storm Water Management for Linear Transportation Projects: Field Study of Suspended Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1329430042.

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41

Färm, Carina. "Constructed Filters and Detention Ponds for Metal Reduction in Storm Water." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Institutionen för samhällsteknik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55.

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42

Bolt, Matthew David. "Estimating green roofing and storm water regulation in an urban environment." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12290.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
The City of Boston land use has altered the surrounding watersheds through creation of infrastructure, damming, landfill, and expansion of impervious surfaces. The continued growth of the City has historically outstripped the capacity of its combined storm and sanitary sewer system, necessitating discharges into area water bodies. In light of model forecasts by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicting precipitation increases it is likely the already strained system will need additional capacity. Boston's tradition of expanding artificial capacity is compared to the City of Curitiba's enhanced natural capacity stormwater management plan. Limitations in both are discussed and the author concludes the City of Boston would benefit from increasing decentralized natural capacity through green rooftechnology. To investigate this claim remote sensing data was analyzed over three neighborhoods. The resulting available green roofing area was then combined with historical climate data to create a retention response model. The extrapolated city-wide model predicted retention of 19%-27% of total building received rainfall from 1983-2009. This model was then correlated with Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) discharge National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System report data. The retention volume was found to accommodate most discharges in the FY2009 as well. Thus, extensive green roof technology presents a supplemental capacity building strategy for the City of Boston to avoid increases in future CSOs.

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43

Brownstein, Jonathan B. "An investigation of the potential for the bio-degradation of motor oil within a model permeable pavement structure." Thesis, Coventry University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266842.

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44

Glennvall, Julia. "Klimatanpassning av dagvattenhantering : Hur arbetar kommuner i Västra Götalands län med klimatanpassning av sin dagvattenhantering?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124641.

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The purpose of this report was to investigate how municipals in the county of Västra Götaland work with climate adaptation of storm water management and to identify problems that occur in the work. As with the rest of the world, Sweden will be affected by expected climate changes and it is therefore important that Swedish municipalities work with climate adaptation and to help them make the work manageable. The method used was semi-structural qualitative interviews where 13 municipalities were interviewed in April 2016. The result of the interviews shows that there is an ambition to work with climate adaptation of storm water management but that there are different problems associated with the work that have made it difficult to start. 69% of the municipalities include climate adaptation to some extent when they work with master plans and 5 out of 8 municipalities are or will be including climate adaptation strategies in their storm water management document. A majority of the municipalities don’t prioritize climate adaptation and could be doing more to include climate adaptation in their work. The most common problems reported by the municipalities were too little resources/lack of finance, undecided responsibility and not clear enough laws regarding the subject.

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45

Susai, Manickam Sheeba Rose Mary. "Dimensionless Design Charts for Exfiltration in Storm Sewers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342544885.

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46

Boshoff, Evette. "The story of waste - an organic waste recycling park in Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31614.

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The main focus of the project is to tell the story of waste - to improve awareness and to help people grasp the colossal problem of landfill space running out! Currently, only 5% of the 3 million tons of waste, produced by Tshwane per year, is being recycled at landfill sites and yet 80% of the waste is recyclable! (Dekker, F. 2012) Where will we go with all of our waste when there’s no space left for landfill sites? What would happen if landfill sites start to take over our parks and green open spaces?! We need to start thinking green and recycle in order to prevent this from happening. The idea behind the design is to change the visitors’ perception of waste by allowing the visitors to go through a process of discovery in order to experience and become aware of the problem and value of waste in a fun and exciting way. The project is multifaceted with a variety of activities and spaces that contribute to the story of waste being told - educating the visitors about the endless possibilities of recycled waste and how they can make a difference by recycling and using waste as a resource.
Mini Disserration (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Architecture
unrestricted

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47

Sant, Shachi. "Field evaluation of a multi chamber pipe device for storm water treatment." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177091216.

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48

Wilson, Laura R. "Evaluation of a Constructed Dry Swale for Treatment of Stormwater Runoff." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WilsonLR2004.pdf.

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49

Ekman, Patrik, and Jens Blomquist. "Conceptual design of a blue water cruiser based on the Storm Bird." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31698.

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This report describes the process of developing a conceptual design of the Storm Bird, a long distance sailing cruiser. The starting point was a boat designed in the mid nineties by the famous Swedish naval architect Håkan Södergren and the aim with the project is to present an idea as to the renewal of the design in a more modern boat. The new Storm bird was supposed to be a full on blue water cruiser concept, a boat that the presumed owner would not have to change in order to set off on his trip.To get insight in the minds and the needs of long distance sailors an extensive market and customer analysis has been undergone. This together with experience in the design team is a base to the thoughts and the ideas incorporated in this design.The hull design was limited to the existing hull moulds meaning that no changes in the hull shape could be made. An alternative however was the transformation from negative to positive transom which proved a very effective way of making the boat feel bigger.The design and layout have been focused on making an effective, well planned but most of all social yacht. The clear boundary between the inside and outside has been removed thanks to a large opening to the cockpit with big windows and good connection. The cockpit and interior areas have been focused towards each other so as to create one big social area, boundary free.Further on the living quarters, as the rest of the boat, are focused on the main idea of the customer being mainly a cruising couple. Therefore an optimal interior layout with focus on the one master cabin has been developedIn the cockpit, seats are comfortable as well as facing forwards and everyone onboard can follow what is going on through the forward placed navigation central. The wide opening between cockpit and interior makes traditional rope handling impossible. All controls are led aft through a clever arrangement to clutches and winches placed on either side of the cockpit instead of on the deck house. This way all functions are in the right position, close to the helmsman. The ropes are later hidden in boxes to ensure a tangle free cockpit.An intelligent overall solution when it comes to onboard systems has been developed as well. Key words have been weight distribution, serviceability and ease of installation. Stowage space and tank volumes correspond to the yacht’s intended use.The structural design has been carried out focusing on arriving at a realistic weight calculation in order to be able to determine centers of gravity and place equipment and ballast to achieve a working concept. Material and manufacturing techniques have been chosen so as to fit the expertise available at the company.Appendage design has focused on modernizing the underwater body by incorporating a new keel and rudder. The performance of the boat has been increased significantly whilst not making it too extreme for its intended purpose.The finished design concept is believed to be a really attractive choice for a blue water sailor.

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50

Ramotsehoa, M. C. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF NATREF REFINERY STORM WATER ON THE TAAIBOSCH SPRUIT." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/401.

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NATREF is the only inland refinery in South Africa and as such has unique water disposal challenges since it does not have the advantage of marine outlet like many other refineries. Most of its process streams are treated by the Sasol water treatment facility, leaving the concern of water that collects and drains off during rain fall events from the refinery site. Two sampling points were used during this study. Temperature and pH were measured in situ while bacterial counts and algal bioassays were performed in VUT laboratory. The area experienced a total of 485 mm of rain during the study period with 75 % thereof during spring and summer, there rest in autumn and winter receiving no rain. The average seasonal pH of the samples remained between 8 and 9.3 and this was found to fall within TWQR as well as being within normal range for natural waters. The temperature changes followed a typical summer/winter pattern, with Taaibosch Spruit showing greater variations from 10.95 ˚C in winter to 21.4 ˚C in summer due to its shallow nature. TDS, Nitrates & phosphates were all above the TWQR. Higher HPC & FC counts were observed during spring when rain storms began with Taaibosch Spruit had the higher of the two. As the rainfall continued into summer, the most of the bacterial counts decreased up to the lowest in winter. Higher than expected coliform counts (between 0 and 8 x 104) were observed, indicating a possible source of pollution which has to be studied. Chlorophyll a values ranged from 2.85 μg/L during spring to100 μg/L in winter indicating the potential for stimulation of the algae and possible algal blooms. The algal bioassays showed inhibition potential of the water during spring, summer and autumn with recovery by the winter. This meant that the storm water from NATREF does have a potential to cause chemical & biological pollution of the Taaibosch Spruit although the actual source of storm water pollution has to be properly studied.

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