Статті в журналах: "Store shelf"

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Gomez, Monica, and Shintaro Okazaki. "Estimating Store Brand Shelf Space: A New Framework Using Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares." International Journal of Market Research 51, no. 2 (January 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078530905100209.

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Despite abundant research that examines the effects of store brands on retail decision making, little attention has been paid to the predictive model of store brand shelf space. This paper intends to fill this research gap by proposing and testing a theoretical model of store brand shelf space. From the literature review, 11 independent variables were identified (i.e. store format, reputation, brand assortment, depth of assortment, in-store promotions, leading national brands’ rivalry, retailers’ rivalry, manufacturers’ concentration, store brand market share, advertising, and innovation) and analysed as potential predictors of the dependent variable (i.e. store brand shelf space). Data were collected for 29 product categories in 55 retail stores. In designing the statistical treatment, a three-phase procedure was adopted: (1) interdependence analysis via principal component analysis; (2) dependence analysis via neural network simulation; and (3) structural equation modelling via partial least squares. The findings corroborate our proposed model, in that all hypothesised relationships and directions are supported. On this basis, we draw theoretical as well as managerial implications. In closing, we acknowledge the limitations of this study and suggest future research directions.

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Horacek, Tanya, Elif Yildirim, Erin Kelly, Adrienne White, Karla Shelnutt, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa Olfert, et al. "Development and Validation of a Simple Convenience Store SHELF Audit." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122676.

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Background This paper describes the development, reliability, and convergent validity of a practical tool—the Convenience Store Supportive Healthy Environment for Life-Promoting Food (SHELF) Audit. Methods Audit items included: a variety of fresh, processed, and frozen fruits and vegetables; low-fat dairy products; healthy staples and frozen meals; healthy food incentive programs; items sold in check-out areas; portion/cup sizes; and pricing. Each audit item was scored using a five-point semantic-differential scale (1 = provides little or no support for healthful foods to 5 = provides high support for healthful foods). Convergent validity was examined by comparing the SHELF audit to Ghirardelli et al. and Laska et al. store audits. Statistical analysis included: Factor analysis, ANOVA, and Spearman correlations. Results SHELF included three factors: a Fruits/Vegetables scale (eight items, α = 0.79; total potential points = 34); a Healthy Foods scale (four items, α = 0.72; total potential points = 16); and a Supports scale (four items, α = 0.685; total potential points = 16). Only 6% of the 124 convenience stores assessed scored in the most healthful range (46–66). The assessed drug stores (n = 15) scored higher than convenience stores (n = 81) on the Healthy Foods and Supports scales but not the Fruits/Vegetables scale. The SHELF sub-scores were highly correlated with other audit tools indicating convergent validity. Conclusion The SHELF convenience store audit is a valid, reliable tool for assessing the degree to which convenience stores support healthfulness regarding Fruits/Vegetables, Healthy Foods, and Supports for choosing healthy.

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Ito, Kodo, Yoshiyuki Higuchi, Masao Ohta, and Xiaoyuan Liu. "Optimal Shelf-Inspection Policies of Self-Service Retailers." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 25, no. 05 (September 13, 2018): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539318500237.

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In Japan, the annual sales share of supermarkets and convenience stores increased around 2000. Both self-servicing and delivering a wide variety of products are denominators of these stores, and they have an advantage in retail business competitions because self-service stores can reduce labor costs by engaging consumers with the provision of services and the productivity of these stores is higher than specialty stores. In case of self-service stores, miscellaneous jobs such as cash registering, goods arranging, and shelf reviewing, have to be performed by limited number of clerks and efficient operation methods are required. The inventory management of store shelves for avoiding out-of-stock is an important issue and the AHM-Model which is a famous periodic monitoring inventory utilizing dynamic programming was proposed. In this paper, store shelves are monitored periodically and are replenished when the total amount of goods is below a threshold. Total expected cost rates are defined and optimal thresholds are discussed utilizing the cumulative damage model analytically.

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Higa, Kyota, and Kota Iwamoto. "Robust Shelf Monitoring Using Supervised Learning for Improving On-Shelf Availability in Retail Stores." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122722.

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This paper proposes a method to robustly monitor shelves in retail stores using supervised learning for improving on-shelf availability. To ensure high on-shelf availability, which is a key factor for improving profits in retail stores, we focus on understanding changes in products regarding increases/decreases in product amounts on the shelves. Our method first detects changed regions of products in an image by using background subtraction followed by moving object removal. It then classifies the detected change regions into several classes representing the actual changes on the shelves, such as “product taken (decrease)” and “product replenished/returned (increase)”, by supervised learning using convolutional neural networks. It finally updates the shelf condition representing the presence/absence of products using classification results and computes the product amount visible in the image as on-shelf availability using the updated shelf condition. Three experiments were conducted using two videos captured from a surveillance camera on the ceiling in a real store. Results of the first and second experiments show the effectiveness of the product change classification in our method. Results of the third experiment show that our method achieves a success rate of 89.6% for on-shelf availability when an error margin is within one product. With high accuracy, store clerks can maintain high on-shelf availability, enabling retail stores to increase profits.

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Cameron, Adrian J. "The shelf space and strategic placement of healthy and discretionary foods in urban, urban-fringe and rural/non-metropolitan Australian supermarkets." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 03 (November 16, 2017): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003019.

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AbstractObjectiveSupermarkets are a key influence on eating behaviours, but it is unknown if the promotion of food within stores varies on a geographic gradient from urban, to urban-fringe and non-metropolitan areas. The present study aimed to assess the shelf space and strategic placement of healthy and discretionary foods in each of urban, urban-fringe and non-metropolitan Australian supermarkets.Design/SettingIn-store audits were conducted in stores from one of the two major Australian supermarket chains in urban (n19), urban-fringe (n20) and non-metropolitan (n26) areas of Victoria. These audits examined selected food items (crisps/chips, chocolate, confectionery, soft drinks/sodas, fruits and vegetables) and measured the shelf space and the proportion of end-of-aisle and cash register displays containing these products. Store size was measured as the sum of aisle length. Differences in the supermarket food environment with respect to location were assessed, before and after adjustment for neighbourhood socio-economic position.ResultsThe strategic placement of discretionary foods was commonly observed in all supermarkets. Adjusting for store size (larger in urban-fringe and rural areas), urban stores had greater shelf space devoted to fruits and vegetables, and less checkouts with soft drinks, than urban-fringe and rural/non-metropolitan areas. Differences remained following adjustment for neighbourhood socio-economic position. No clear pattern was observed for end-of-aisle displays, or the placement of chocolate and confectionery at checkouts.ConclusionsThe shelf space of healthy and discretionary foods in urban-fringe and rural stores parallels the prevalence of overweight and obesity in these areas. Interventions in urban-fringe and rural stores targeting the shelf space of healthy foods and the placement of soft drinks at key displays may be useful obesity prevention initiatives.

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Bodor, J. Nicholas, Donald Rose, Thomas A. Farley, Christopher Swalm, and Susanne K. Scott. "Neighbourhood fruit and vegetable availability and consumption: the role of small food stores in an urban environment." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 4 (April 2008): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000493.

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AbstractObjectivePrevious studies on the relationship of dietary intake to the neighbourhood food environment have focused on access to supermarkets, quantified by geographic distance or store concentration measures. However, in-store food availability may also be an important determinant, particularly for urban neighbourhoods with a greater concentration of small food stores. This study synthesises both types of information – store access and in-store availability – to determine their potential relationship to fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignResidents in four census tracts were surveyed in 2001 about their fruit and vegetable intake. Household distances to food stores in these and surrounding tracts were obtained using geographical information system mapping techniques. In-store fruit and vegetable availability was measured by linear shelf space. Multivariate linear regression models were used to measure the association of these neighbourhood availability measures with consumption.SettingFour contiguous census tracts in central-city New Orleans.SubjectsA random sample of 102 households.ResultsGreater fresh vegetable availability within 100 m of a residence was a positive predictor of vegetable intake; each additional metre of shelf space was associated with 0.35 servings per day of increased intake. Fresh fruit availability was not associated with intake, although having a small food store within this same distance was a marginal predictor of fruit consumption.ConclusionsThe findings suggest the possible importance of small neighbourhood food stores and their fresh produce availability in affecting fruit and vegetable intake.

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Jalbert-Arsenault, Élise, Éric Robitaille, and Marie-Claude Paquette. "Development, reliability and use of a food environment assessment tool in supermarkets of four neighbourhoods in Montréal, Canada." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 37, no. 9 (September 2017): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.9.04.

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Introduction The food environment is a promising arena in which to influence people’s dietary habits. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive food environment assessment tool for businesses and characterize the food environment of a low-tomedium income area of Montréal, Canada. Methods We developed a tool, Mesure de l’environnement alimentaire du consommateur dans les supermarchés (MEAC-S), and tested it for reliability. We used the MEAC-S to assess the consumer food environment of 17 supermarkets in four neighbourhoods of Montréal. We measured the shelf length, variety, price, display counts and in-store positions of fruits and vegetables (FV) and ultra-processed food products (UPFPs). We also assessed fresh FV for quality. Store size was estimated using the total measured shelf length for all food categories. We conducted Spearman correlations between these indicators of the food environment. Results Reliability analyses revealed satisfactory results for most indicators. Characterization of the food environment revealed high variability in shelf length, variety and price of FV between supermarkets and suggested a disproportionate promotion of UPFPs. Display counts of UPFPs outside their normal display location ranged from 7 to 26, and they occupied 8 to 33 strategic in-store positions, whereas the number of display counts of fresh FV outside their normal display location exceeded 1 in only 2 of the 17 stores surveyed, and they occupied a maximum of 2 strategic in-store positions per supermarket. Price of UPFPs was inversely associated with their prominence (p $lt .005) and promotion (p $lt .003). Store size was associated with display counts and strategic in-store positioning of UPFPs (p $lt .001), but not FV, and was inversely associated with the price of soft drinks (p $lt .003). Conclusion This study illustrates the variability of the food environment between supermarkets and underscores the importance of measuring in-store characteristics to adequately picture the consumer food environment.

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Cameron, Adrian J., Lukar E. Thornton, Sarah A. McNaughton, and David Crawford. "Variation in supermarket exposure to energy-dense snack foods by socio-economic position." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 7 (May 22, 2012): 1178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012002649.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the availability of energy-dense, nutrient-poor snack foods (and fruits and vegetables) in supermarkets located in socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhoods.DesignCross-sectional supermarket audit.SettingMelbourne, Australia. Measures included product shelf space and number of varieties for soft drinks, crisps, chocolate, confectionery and fruits and vegetables, as well as store size.SubjectsThirty-five supermarkets (response 83 %) from neighbourhoods in the lowest and highest quintile of socio-economic disadvantage.ResultsShelf space allocated to soft drinks (23·6 mv. 17·7 m,P= 0·006), crisps (16·5 mv. 13·0 m,P= 0·016), chocolate (12·2 mv. 10·1 m,P= 0·022) and confectionery (6·7 mv. 5·1 m,P= 0·003) was greater in stores from socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. After adjustment for store size (stores in disadvantaged areas being larger), shelf space for confectionery (6·3 mv. 5·6 m,P= 0·024) and combined shelf space for all energy-dense foods and drinks (55·0 mv. 48·9 m,P= 0·017) remained greater in stores from socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The ratio of shelf space allocated to fruits and vegetables to that for energy-dense snack foods also varied by socio-economic disadvantage after adjustment for store size (most disadvantagedv. least disadvantaged: 1·7v. 2·1,P= 0·025). Varieties of fruits and vegetables and chocolate bars were more numerous in less disadvantaged areas (P< 0·05).ConclusionsExposure to energy-dense snack foods and soft drinks in supermarkets was greater in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This may impact purchasing, consumption and cultural norms related to eating behaviours and may therefore work against elimination of the known socio-economic gradient in obesity levels. Reform of supermarket stocking practices may represent an effective means of obesity prevention.

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Blackwell, Corey J., Julia Sarah Wasas, Sean Patrick Flanagan, Bryan A. Norman, and Joel Michael Haight. "Grocery shelf stocking tool: analysis of productivity and human factors." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-02-2015-0026.

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Purpose – Grocery store tasks provide many opportunities for efficiency and ergonomic improvements. Shelf stocking is one task that has received considerable attention in recent years as grocery stores seek to remain competitive by stocking shelves in an efficient manner in order to satisfy customers. The purpose of this paper is to detail an analysis performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a grocery store shelf stocking tool. This shelf stocking aid is a device designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of stocking and fronting shelves in a supermarket or a similar retail environment. Design/methodology/approach – To test the claims that the device actually does improve stocking accuracy, efficiency, and ergonomic soundness, an experiment was conducted to compare the processes of stocking shelves and fronting items on shelves with and without the stocking tool. In creating the realistic conditions of a real-world store environment, extensive inquiry about item stocking and fronting procedures was made by visiting stores and discussing the stocking and fronting tasks with industry experts. Tests were performed at varying combinations of shelf heights, shelf fullness, with and without First-In First-Out processing, and with various merchandise sizes and shapes. Findings – The results indicate that the shelf stocking tool significantly reduces shelf stocking and fronting time. The ergonomic merits of the tool were also analyzed. A Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was performed to evaluate biomechanical and postural stresses experienced by a shelf stocker as they stock and front store shelves. It appears that the largest contributor to higher-than-expected RULA scores is extensive upper torso bending in the sagittal plane at the L5 S1 disc position. This is exacerbated as the stocker reaches lower shelves and bends forward to reach under the shelf directly above the item being stocked or fronted. Research limitations/implications – Only three tall and five short items were used in testing. More testing is needed to draw conclusions about stacking items. Cumulative fatigue effects were not tested nor were the locations of specific physical discomfort. Testing was not done to examine simultaneously fronting two rows with the shelf stocking tool. Testing was not done to simulate the use of a step stool, including moving and repositioning the step stool for manual restocking and fronting on high shelves. The step stool handling would improve relative performance of the shelf stocking tool because the tool eliminates the need for a step stool. Practical implications – Grocery store shelf stocking associates are at risk of developing cumulative trauma type injuries from awkward posture that they have to use when stocking shelves. With many small items on a shelf that are continually becoming disheveled as customers purchase the items, there are significant inefficiencies in continually arranging and rearranging the items as well as adding new. The analysis of a tool of the type tested here has shown that the use of a simple tool such as the one tested can go a long way to improving both of these elements of the stocking and fronting task. Originality/value – While the shelf stocking tool is not necessarily a remedy for bending, it appears to reduce more pronounced bending than what is required without it. For stocking or fronting upper shelves, it also appears to reduce the extensive reaches (the second most stressful contributor to the high RULA scores). This approach to stocking and fronting shelves has helped to verify the idea that a tool such as this can help to improve not only the speed and efficiency at which the task is accomplished it can also reduce the stress on the back and shoulders during this tedious task.

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Sukma Wijaya, Bambang, Muchsin Saggaff Shihab, Sheila Ayu Wijaya, Dudi Rudianto, and Annie Sugandi. "IN-STORE BRAND COMMUNICATION: WHEN SHELF-SPACE AND DISPLAY SEDUCE CONSUMERS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8495.

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Purpose of the study: This study aims at analyzing the role of shelf-space and display in stimulating impulse buying. Further, this study also covers the comparison between all shelf positions (regular-shelf, Chiller, and wings-rack) to get insights deeper into which one is the most effective in stimulating impulse buying. Methodology: By highlighting the case of a beverage brand in a hypermarket in Indonesia, the recent study uncovers the experiences and perceptions of 200 participants through an explanatory survey. The primary data collection has been done by distributing survey questionnaires to 200 target respondents located in Jakarta. The data collected have been analysed using SPSS software. Main Findings: Both shelf-space and display factors are found to have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, where the former is found dominant. Various constructs in shelf-space such as the spaciousness-of-shelf, highness-of-traffic, largeness-of-shelf, easiness in finding the shelf, and in-store display communications such as the attractiveness-of-color, cleanness-of-display, neatness-of-display arrangement, the blocking-space, and the attractiveness-of-product arrangement emerge validly. Of the three objects studied, the chiller had the highest effectiveness compared to the regular-shelf and wings-rack in arousing the impulsivity of consumer purchases. This fact shows that the appearance of cold drinks seems to have a significant effect on consumers in causing impulse buying, especially for consumers in tropical countries like Indonesia. The seller or brand owner should consider this finding. Applications of this study: This study confirms the real, meaningful, and experiential visual power of in-store brand communications. So the brand can explore creatively and ergonomically as well as maximizing the potentials of visual communication, especially shelf-space and display in sales spaces as silent sellers. Novelty/Originality of this study: Few studies still pay attention to the role of in-store brand communications in encouraging impulse buying, especially in an era where the virtual shopping world is increasingly distracting researchers and marketers from the spark of communication events in the actual shopping space. This article proves how the attractiveness of in-store brand communications through shelf-space and in-store displays has a significant impact on impulse buying.

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L. Harris, Jennifer, Victoria Webb, Shane J. Sacco, and Jennifer L. Pomeranz. "Marketing to Children in Supermarkets: An Opportunity for Public Policy to Improve Children’s Diets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041284.

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Public health experts worldwide are calling for a reduction of the marketing of nutrient-poor food and beverages to children. However, industry self-regulation and most government policies do not address in-store marketing, including shelf placement and retail promotions. This paper reports two U.S.-based studies examining the prevalence and potential impact of in-store marketing for nutrient-poor child-targeted products. Study 1 compares the in-store marketing of children’s breakfast cereals with the marketing of other (family/adult) cereals, including shelf space allocation and placement, special displays and promotions, using a national audit of U.S. supermarkets. Child-targeted cereals received more shelf space, middle- and lower-shelf placements, special displays, and promotions compared with other cereals. Study 2 compares the proportion of product sales associated with in-store displays and promotions for child-targeted versus other fruit drinks/juices, using syndicated sales data. A higher proportion of child-targeted drink sales were associated with displays and promotions than sales of other drinks. In both categories, the results were due primarily to major company products. Although in-store marketing of child-targeted products likely appeals to both children and parents, these practices encourage children’s consumption of nutrient-poor food and drinks. If companies will not voluntarily address in-store marketing to children, government policy options are available to limit the marketing of unhealthy foods in the supermarket.

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Whitin, David J. "Bring On the Buttons." Arithmetic Teacher 36, no. 5 (January 1989): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.5.0004.

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Have you ever entered an unfamiliar grocery store and had difficulty finding a particular item? I have. On what shelf is unsweetened cocoa? Some stores put it with flour and sugar because they consider it a baking product, whereas others place it beside coffee because it come from a bean. And what about Worcestershire sauce? I have found it grouped with Chinese food in some stores and with condiments in other stores.

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Elorriaga, Natalia, Daniela L. Moyano, María V. López, Ana S. Cavallo, Laura Gutierrez, Camila B. Panaggio, and Vilma Irazola. "Urban Retail Food Environments: Relative Availability and Prominence of Exhibition of Healthy vs. Unhealthy Foods at Supermarkets in Buenos Aires, Argentina." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030944.

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There is growing evidence that the food environment can influence diets. The present study aimed to assess the relative availability and prominence of healthy foods (HF) versus unhealthy products (UP) in supermarkets in Buenos Aires, Argentina and to explore differences by retail characteristics and neighborhood income level. We conducted store audits in 32 randomly selected food retails. Food availability (presence/absence, ratio of cumulative linear shelf length for HF vs. UP) and prominence inside the store (location visibility) were measured based on the International Network for Food and Obesity/NCDs Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) protocol. On average, for every 1 m of shelf length for UP, there was about 25 cm of shelf length for HF (HF/UP ratio: 0.255, SD 0.130). UP were more frequently available in high-prominence store areas (31/32 retails) than HF (9/32 retails). Shelf length ratio differed across commercial chains (p = 0.0268), but not by store size or type. Retails in the lower-income neighborhoods had a lower HF/UP ratio than those in the higher-income neighborhoods (p = 0.0329). Availability of the selected HF was overcome largely by the UP, particularly in high prominence areas, and in neighborhoods with lower income level, which may pose an opportunity for public health interventions.

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TAMER, Ozgur, and Tunca KOKLU. "A Smart Shelf Design for Retail Store Real Time Inventory Management Automation." Review of Computer Engineering Research 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.76.2021.82.96.102.

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Conventional retail store inventory management systems rely on stockroom actions. However, especially in big scale retail stores, a certain amount of goods is placed on the display shelves. The items placed on the display shelves are not counted until their tags are identified by a cash register and marked as sold in the inventory management system. In this study, we propose a smart shelf that is capable of counting the specific items placed on it by detecting the location and the weight of the items. Our approach assumes that specific items in a retail store are placed in a specified location on each shelf, which is a widely preferred approach. The identified product information is then transferred to the inventory management system through the local network connection, and products on the display shelves can be counted in real time. The results show that the location and weight of the items can be identified with remarkable accuracy.

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Gómez Suárez, Mónica. "Shelf space assigned to store and national brands." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 33, no. 11 (November 2005): 858–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550510629437.

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Czerniachowska, Kateryna, Karina Sachpazidu-Wójcicka, Piotr Sulikowski, Marcin Hernes, and Artur Rot. "Genetic Algorithm for the Retailers’ Shelf Space Allocation Profit Maximization Problem." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 6401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146401.

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This paper discusses the problem of retailers’ profit maximization regarding displaying products on the planogram shelves, which may have different dimensions in each store but allocate the same product sets. We develop a mathematical model and a genetic algorithm for solving the shelf space allocation problem with the criteria of retailers’ profit maximization. The implemented program executes in a reasonable time. The quality of the genetic algorithm has been evaluated using the CPLEX solver. We determine four groups of constraints for the products that should be allocated on a shelf: shelf constraints, shelf type constraints, product constraints, and virtual segment constraints. The validity of the developed genetic algorithm has been checked on 25 retailing test cases. Computational results prove that the proposed approach allows for obtaining efficient results in short running time, and the developed complex shelf space allocation model, which considers multiple attributes of a shelf, segment, and product, as well as product capping and nesting allocation rule, is of high practical relevance. The proposed approach allows retailers to receive higher store profits with regard to the actual merchandising rules.

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Dursun, İnci, Ebru Tümer Kabadayı, Alev Koçan Alan, and Bülent Sezen. "Store Brand Purchase Intention: Effects of Risk, Quality, Familiarity and Store Brand Shelf Space." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 24 (2011): 1190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.133.

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DURSUN, İnci, Ebru TÜMER KABADAYI, Alev KOÇAK ALAN, and Bülent SEZEN. "STORE BRAND PURCHASE INTENTION: EFFECTS OF RISK, QUALITY, FAMILIARITY AND STORE BRAND SHELF SPACE." Journal of Global Strategic Management 2, no. 5 (December 15, 2011): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20460/jgsm.2011515802.

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Duan, Yongrui, Zhixin Mao, and Jiazhen Huo. "Introduction of Store Brands Considering Product Cost and Shelf Space Opportunity Cost." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 16, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2324043.

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This paper studies the introduction of store brands (SBs) when the product cost, shelf space opportunity cost, and baseline sales are taken into consideration. We construct a Stackelberg model in which one retailer, acting as the leader, sells a national brand (NB) and its SB and maximizes the category profit by allocating shelf space and determining the prices for the SB and NB products. Meanwhile, an NB manufacturer, acting as the follower, maximizes its profit based on the decisions of the retailer. Our results demonstrate that the product cost of the SB (NB) and the shelf space opportunity cost are the dominating factors that determine the optimal pricing strategy. If the two costs are low, then the optimal pricing strategy is the me-too strategy (competitive strategy); otherwise, the optimal pricing strategy is the differentiation strategy. There exists a threshold of the product cost, shelf space opportunity cost, and baseline sales to decide the pricing strategy and introduction of SB.

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Falcão, João Diogo, Carlos Ruiz, Adeola Bannis, Hae Young Noh, and Pei Zhang. "ISACS." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478086.

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90% of retail sales occur in physical stores. In these physical stores 40% of shoppers leave the store based on the wait time. Autonomous stores can remove customer waiting time by providing a receipt without the need for scanning the items. Prior approaches use computer vision only, combine computer vision with weight sensors, or combine computer vision with sensors and human product recognition. These approaches, in general, suffer from low accuracy, up to hour long delays for receipt generation, or do not scale to store level deployments due to computation requirements and real-world multiple shopper scenarios. We present ISACS, which combines a physical store model (e.g. customers, shelves, and item interactions), multi-human 3D pose estimation, and live inventory monitoring to provide an accurate matching of multiple people to multiple products. ISACS utilizes only shelf weight sensors and does not require visual inventory monitoring which drastically reduces the computational requirements and thus is scalable to a store-level deployment. In addition, ISACS generates an instant receipt by not requiring human intervention during receipt generation. To fully evaluate the ISACS, we deployed and evaluated our approach in an operating convenience store covering 800 square feet with 1653 distinct products, and more than 20,000 items. Over the course of 13 months of operation, ISACS achieved a receipt daily accuracy of up to 96.4%. Which translates to a 3.5x reduction in error compared to self-checkout stations.

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de Koster, Rene B. M., and Daan Stam. "How store manager prevention focus influences on-shelf-availability." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 12658. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.259.

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Boden, Joe, Erik Maier, and Florian Dost. "The Effect of Electronic Shelf Labels on Store Revenue." International Journal of Electronic Commerce 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 527–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2020.1806472.

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Gómez, Mónica, and Natalia Rubio. "Shelf management of store brands: analysis of manufacturers' perceptions." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 36, no. 1 (February 2008): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550810846992.

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Pramatari, Katerina, and Panagiotis Miliotis. "The impact of collaborative store ordering on shelf availability." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 13, no. 1 (January 25, 2008): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13598540810850319.

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Levy, Alan S., Odonna Mathews, Marilyn Stephenson, Janet E. Tenney, and Raymond E. Schucker. "The Impact of a Nutrition Information Program on Food Purchases." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 4, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568500400101.

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A quasi-experimental repeated measures design using a matched set of 20 test and comparison supermarkets in the Washington, D. C. and Baltimore, Md., metropolitan areas was used to evaluate a nutrition information program called “Special Diet Alert” (SDA) introduced by Giant Food, Inc. into Washington, D. C. stores in March 1981. The objective of the SDA program was to help supermarket shoppers find products for special diet needs by providing brand-specific (i.e., individual product level) shelf markers that identified products considered low or reduced in sodium, calories, cholesterol, and fat, supplemented by take-away information booklets available from a rack in the store which listed SDA brand names and specific nutrient values. Market shares of these products were tracked over the two-year evaluation period in Washington, D. C. and Baltimore stores. The pattern of differential sales trends across 16 individual food categories was complicated, but sales of shelf-marked products increased on the average 4 to 8 percent more over the two-year evaluation period in Washington, D. C. than in Baltimore, Md. stores. The average magnitude of effect attributable to SDA was modest in comparison with other factors influencing consumer purchases, highlighting the need for powerful evaluation designs to assess the effectiveness of information programs that operate in the context of many other more powerful influences. Further research is needed to determine which aspects of the SDA program were critical to its success, but one obvious difference between SDA and other in-store nutrition information programs that have been reported in the literature was the use of individual brand-specific shelf markers to deliver nutrition information to shoppers rather than prominently displayed sectional posters and detailed educational pamphlets.

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Schmall, Alexandria, Rachel Kinney, Alexa Gozdiff, Madison Reid, Sara Folta, Wenhui Feng, and Sean Cash. "Food Shopping Experiences Among Dollar Store Shoppers in Fresno and Boston During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab029_047.

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Abstract Objectives In this qualitative study, we examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motivations, decision-making, and food shopping among dollar store shoppers in Fresno, CA and Boston, MA. Eligible participants were ≥18 years old, lived in Boston or Fresno, spoke English or Spanish, and shopped at a dollar store within the past month. Methods Using convenience sampling, participants were recruited via flyers at 10 dollar stores in low-income neighborhoods in Fresno and Boston and posts in community Facebook groups. Interviews in Boston (n = 25) and Fresno (n = 26) were conducted remotely from August-December 2020. Results Our participants were primarily low-income, English-speaking women who shopped at dollar stores about once per week. Preliminary qualitative content analysis shows that key shopper motivations included low prices, product variety, and convenience. Shelf-stable foods and snacks were frequently purchased, especially for children. Shoppers in Fresno relied more on dollar stores for groceries and fresh produce, while Boston shoppers primarily purchased shelf-stable foods or snacks. Shoppers in both cities desired increased availability of fresh foods. Shoppers reported fear of shopping, limited stock, financial stress, and fewer trips early in the pandemic. Shopping increased by summer. Shoppers with children reported increased food expenditures during the pandemic, including at dollar stores, as closed schools meant that children consumed meals at home. Conclusions Dollar stores continue to be an important food resource despite challenges related to the pandemic. Considering frequent use, food purchases, and desire for more fresh foods among shoppers, dollar stores chains may find a receptive audience for increasing their fresh food stock. Funding Sources Ethical approval was provided by the Tufts University Social, Behavioral & Educational Research Institutional Review Board. Funding was provided by the Bergstrom Foundation and Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.

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Yilmazer, Ramiz, and Derya Birant. "Shelf Auditing Based on Image Classification Using Semi-Supervised Deep Learning to Increase On-Shelf Availability in Grocery Stores." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020327.

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Providing high on-shelf availability (OSA) is a key factor to increase profits in grocery stores. Recently, there has been growing interest in computer vision approaches to monitor OSA. However, the largest and well-known computer vision datasets do not provide annotation for store products, and therefore, a huge effort is needed to manually label products on images. To tackle the annotation problem, this paper proposes a new method that combines two concepts “semi-supervised learning” and “on-shelf availability” (SOSA) for the first time. Moreover, it is the first time that “You Only Look Once” (YOLOv4) deep learning architecture is used to monitor OSA. Furthermore, this paper provides the first demonstration of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) on OSA. It presents a new software application, called SOSA XAI, with its capabilities and advantages. In the experimental studies, the effectiveness of the proposed SOSA method was verified on image datasets, with different ratios of labeled samples varying from 20% to 80%. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches (RetinaNet and YOLOv3) in terms of accuracy.

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Keel, Astrid Lei, and Daniel Padgett. "The effects of adjacent competitors and promotion on brand sales." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-02-2014-0860.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for adjacent brands to influence sales of a focal brand. Specifically, this paper examines whether the type of adjacent brand (market leader or non-market leader competitor) and its promotion (featuring or discounting) have an effect on sales of a focal product. Design/methodology/approach – Store-level scanner data supplemented with in-store audits are used. Findings – It is demonstrated that adjacent brands and their specific marketing activities influence focal brand sales in specific ways, and that market leaders have a disproportionate and different effect than other competitors on the sales of adjacent brands. Originality/value – Recent marketing research has suggested that brand activities such as featuring and discounting and in-store environmental stimuli such as shelf allocation and displays can have an important effect on category and individual brand sales. Prior work in this area, however, has not explicitly considered the potential influence of relative shelf positions (i.e. adjacencies) on brand and category sales.

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S. Ullal, Mithun, and Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar. "Influence of advertisement on customers based on AIDA model." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.24.

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The paper is based on information which is a combination of store advertisement and consumers’ path inside the store along with product information. With this information, the authors find how advertisement affects the behavior of consumers when making the decision. The findings suggest that advertisement has a small impact on customers inside the stores. Null effect is determined, and one standard deviation in advertising has an impact on store traffic by 1.2%. But the impact at a lower end of the model is observed. One standard deviation in advertisement has impacted the store sales by 8.4%. Based on further data mining, the research has found that there is no significant improvement in the number of customers, but the increase in sales is because of the higher quantity of purchases by the existing consumers. However, the effect of advertisement on products placed in the same or nearby shelf is not found, the impact on product varieties in the same segment is also not found. Based on these research findings, the authors find the right approach towards advertisement.The research is limited to consumers of retail industry in a Tier 3 Indian city of a developing geographic segment only.

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Matney, Gabriel T., and Brooke N. Daugherty. "Seeing Spots and Developing Multiplicative Sense Making." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 19, no. 3 (October 2013): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.19.3.0148.

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Cans on a grocery store shelf and Hirst's Capric Acid Amide can illustrate dot arrays, thus helping students understand the distributive property, partial products, and the standard algorithm for multiplication.

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Zudaire, Lorena, Inmaculada Viñas, Maribel Abadias, Tomás Lafarga, Gloria Bobo, Joan Simó, and Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo. "Effects of long-term controlled atmosphere storage, minimal processing, and packaging on quality attributes of calçots (Allium cepa L.)." Food Science and Technology International 26, no. 5 (December 23, 2019): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013219891007.

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Calçots are the immature floral stems of the second-year onion ( Allium cepa L.) resprouts. Modified atmosphere packaging or vacuum packaging are suitable alternatives to preserve fresh-cut vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of postharvest storage time of raw vegetable stored under controlled atmosphere and used packaging system after minimal processing on the quality of fresh-cut calçots. Calçots used for minimal processing were stored under 1.0 kPa O2 + 2.0 kPa CO2 at 1 ℃ for 30 and 60 days. Fresh-cut calçots were packaged using passive modified atmosphere packaging or vacuum packaging and were stored at 4 ℃ for 15 days. Calçots stored under controlled atmosphere for 30 days presented better retention of quality and in turn, being more suitable for minimally processing. Vacuum packaging preserved the physicochemical quality of fresh-cut calçots better after 15 days. Mesophilic aerobic counts were also higher in fresh-cut calçots stored under modified atmosphere packaging, but all counts were below the recommended limits during and at the end of their shelf-life (15 days). The most suitable conservation strategy might be to store whole calçots under controlled atmosphere for 30 days and after minimally processing, packaged under vacuum in order to extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut calçots.

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Marques, Pedro Alexandre, Diana Jorge, and João Reis. "Using Lean to Improve Operational Performance in a Retail Store and E-Commerce Service: A Portuguese Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105913.

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Ensuring on-shelf availability is essential for retailers to maintain high service levels for both in-store and E-Commerce consumers. The performance of this indicator largely depends on reorder planning decisions, as well as on the effectiveness of the replenishment process. This paper presents a case study that involved two Lean initiatives, which together have contributed to a significantly reduction in the number of out-of-stock events incurred by a retail store and an increase in the order fulfilment rate accomplished by the online commerce service. In the first initiative, a value stream management (VSM) methodology was adopted to redesign the existing replenishment process in the most relevant fresh food market: fruits and vegetables. The second initiative involved the implementation of a simple, but effective visual inventory management system in the warehouse of the E-Commerce division, where a wide set of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) is stored using kanban cards. This paper hence demonstrates, through practical application, that Lean tools can be employed to improve operational processes with positive impacts on both the physical store performance and on results regarding the online commerce business.

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Berning, Joshua P., Hayley H. Chouinard, Kenneth C. Manning, Jill J. McCluskey, and David E. Sprott. "Identifying consumer preferences for nutrition information on grocery store shelf labels." Food Policy 35, no. 5 (October 2010): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.05.009.

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Ostermeier, Manuel, Tobias Düsterhöft, and Alexander Hübner. "A model and solution approach for store-wide shelf space allocation." Omega 102 (July 2021): 102425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2021.102425.

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S. Beed, Romit, Ankita Sarkar, Raya Sinha, and Deboshruti Dasgupta. "A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PARAMETERS FOR OPTIMIZING PROFIT USING SIMULATED ANNEALING TO SOLVE SHELF SPACE ALLOCATION PROBLEM." Azerbaijan Journal of High Performance Computing 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32010/26166127.2020.3.2.255.268.

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Shelf space allocation has always remained a crucial issue for any retail store, as space is a limited resource. This work proposes a model that uses a hyper-heuristic approach to allocate products on shelves to maximize the retailer's profit. This work has concentrated on providing a solution specifically for a consumer packaged goods store. There exist multiple conflicting objectives and constraints which influence the profit. The consequence is a non-linear programming model having a complex objective function, which is solved by using multiple neighborhood approaches using simulated annealing as simulated annealing is a useful tool for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. Detailed analysis of the proposed technique of using annealing and reheating has revealed the effectiveness in profit maximization in the shelf space allocation problem. Various simulated annealing parameters have been studied in this paper, which provides optimum values for maximizing profit.

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GAJJAR, HASMUKH K., and GAJENDRA K. ADIL. "A DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING HEURISTIC FOR RETAIL SHELF SPACE ALLOCATION PROBLEM." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 28, no. 02 (April 2011): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595911003120.

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Shelf space allocation to products greatly impacts the profitability in a retail store. In this paper, we consider a retail shelf-space allocation problem where retailer wishes to allocate the available spaces of different shelves to a large number of products considering direct space elasticity in the product's demand. There is a great interest to develop efficient heuristics due to NP-hard nature of this problem. We propose a dynamic programming heuristic (DPH) to obtain near optimal solution in a reasonable time to solve this problem. The empirical results found that DPH obtained near optimal solutions for randomly generated instances of problems with size (products, shelves) varying from (100, 30) to (200, 50) within a few seconds of CPU time. The performance of DPH is benchmarked against an existing local search heuristic (LSH). It was found that DPH takes substantially less CPU time and attains a solution close to that obtained by LSH. Thus, DPH has great potential to solve the problem of realistic size within reasonable time. The proposed DPH is also applied to a case of an existing retail store.

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McLaren, I. A., Estelle Laberge, C. J. Corkett, and J. M. Sévigny. "Life cycles of four species of Pseudocalanus in Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-078.

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The primarily arctic Pseudocalanus acuspes, relict in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, produces a first generation (G1) in late winter; most G1 individuals mature in late spring. The G1 then produces a G2, most of which "rest" in copepodite stages III and IV until early winter. These stages store large amounts of lipid in early summer, which slowly diminish subsequently. A small number of G2 individuals continue to develop at temperature-dependent rates, maturing in early autumn and producing G3 adults in November. Copepodites developing in winter and spring store less lipid. The primarily arctic Pseudocalanus minutus, rare in Bedford Basin and on the Scotia Shelf, is strictly annual, developing to a lipid-filled copepodite stage V after spawning in late winter. The arctic–temperate Pseudocalanus newmani is abundant on the Scotian Shelf, but may not be self-sustaining when advected into Bedford Basin. It stores little lipid and appears to have at least three mature generations at temperature-dependent intervals over Browns Bank between May and November. It may rest in winter, or its life-cycle synchrony by spring could result from food-limited development during winter. The temperate Pseudocalanus moultoni appears to have a life cycle similar to that of P. newmani, but was less common during summer on Browns Bank. These life cycles are appropriately adapted to the geographical ranges of the species, and show some parallels with species of Calanus.

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S., Jayakrishnan, Rekha D. Chikhalkar, and Ranjan Chaudhuri. "Understanding the Role of Consumer Factors and Store Factors in Private Label Purchase." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 7 (June 21, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n7p223.

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<strong>Purpose: </strong>Indian retail sector is witnessing a steady growth of private labels or store brands in food category. The study primarily looks into understanding the consumer preference for private labels or store brands in food category and the role of consumer and store factors in store brand purchase in this category. Consumer responses are collected from the city of Trivandrum (India) using structured questionnaire. Five point Likert scale is used to measure the factors. Responses are collected from consumers at organized retail outlets and households. Structural equation model is used to understand the role of consumer and store factors in private label purchase.<strong> </strong>Factors like perceived quality, product familiarity, shelf space allocation and private label quality belief are found to have a significant role in determining the private label purchase in food category. n relationship among regions is very important. Finally, some policies about fiscal exnpenditure and economic development are proposed.

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Lau, Yui-yip, and Arash Mazaheri. "A Vendor Managed Inventory with FIFO and LIFO Plans." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 4 (September 22, 2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol8iss4pp19-35.

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Nowadays, the stores always want to find a valid plan for perishable products as a challengeable concern for the management of perishable items. As known, regarding the perishable products which have a limitation for consumption, we cannot force the consumers to buy the products which are close to their shelf-life time. To address this challenge, this paper considers a hybrid of FIFO and LIFO strategies and its impact on the profits of the vendor managed inventory contracts which are very little discussion in the literature. Most importantly, this paper deals with an inventory system for perishable products stochastically with a new optimization model. The proposed problem computes the costs of the order and storage with two different holding costs based on the FIFO and LIFO strategies as well as the profits from selling of the products. With a maximizing optimization model, the goal is to find the optimal order for each store in per period. The model is solved by the dynamic programming with backward strategy. The results confirm the applicability and efficiency of the proposed model in this context and the high impact of products’ shelf-life to use the FIFO or LIFO strategies in the stores.

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Heilman, Carrie M., Kent Nakamoto, and Ambar G. Rao. "Pleasant Surprises: Consumer Response to Unexpected In-Store Coupons." Journal of Marketing Research 39, no. 2 (May 2002): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.39.2.242.19081.

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This article studies the impact of in-store “surprise” coupons (e.g., electronic shelf coupons, peel-off coupons) on consumers' total basket of purchases. A conceptual model is developed that (1) predicts that the use of a surprise coupon will increase the size of the shopping basket and the number of unplanned purchases made on the shopping trip and (2) predicts the type of these unplanned purchases. The authors present the results of an in-store experiment and analysis of the Stanford Market Basket Data to test these predictions.

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MARTÍN-HERRÁN, GUIOMAR, and SIHEM TABOUBI. "SHELF-SPACE ALLOCATION AND ADVERTISING DECISIONS IN THE MARKETING CHANNEL: A DIFFERENTIAL GAME APPROACH." International Game Theory Review 07, no. 03 (September 2005): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198905000545.

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This paper deals with the issue of shelf-space allocation and advertising decisions in marketing channels. We consider a network composed of a unique retailer offering the products of two competing manufacturers. The retailer controls the amount of shelf-space to allocate to both brands, while the manufacturers make advertising decisions in order to build their brand image (i.e. the goodwill stock). The demand for each brand is affected by its own goodwill level and the shelf-space allocated to the brand at retailer's store. The problem is formulated as a Stackelberg differential game played over an infinite horizon, with the manufacturers as leaders and the retailer as the follower. Stationary feedback equilibria are computed. Our main results indicate that the shelf-space allocated to each brand, manufacturers' advertising strategies at the equilibrium and channel members' value functions are affected by the goodwill levels of both products.

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Moreno, Victor, Javier Ramos, Jose Luis Garcia-dorado, Ivan Gonzalez, Francisco J. Gomez-arribas, and Javier Aracil. "Testing the capacity of off-the-shelf systems to store 10GbE traffic." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 9 (September 2015): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7263355.

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Lee, Kuang Siew, and Cheng Ling Tan. "Improving on-shelf availability of promotional products at a Malaysian department store." Global Business and Organizational Excellence 36, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joe.21787.

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Stow, J. R., J. Jameson, and K. Senner. "Storage of cherries: the effects of rate of cooling, store atmosphere and store temperature on storage and shelf-life." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 79, no. 6 (January 2004): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2004.11511870.

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Dhar, Sanjay K., and Stephen J. Hoch. "Price Discrimination using in-Store Merchandising." Journal of Marketing 60, no. 1 (January 1996): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000103.

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The authors compare the effectiveness of in-store coupons and straight off-the-shelf price discounts (bonus buys), in generating incremental sales and profits for the retailer. In five field tests, they find that, on average, in-store coupons lead to a 35% greater increase in the promoted brand's sales than bonus buys offering the same level of discount. Because redemption rates average 55%, in-store coupons produce a 108% greater increase in dollar profits than bonus buys. Both promotion vehicles have the same effect on the rest of the category, so coupons lead to higher overall category sales and profits. The authors develop a unified decision framework for a retailer maximizing category profits, that considers the trade-offs involved in using coupons and bonus buys in response to bill-back trade deals. Their empirical application in the ready-to-eat cereal category shows that the retailer passes through larger amounts of a trade deal when using in-store coupons. As a consequence, at the optimal discount level, unit category sales and dollar category profits are substantially higher with coupons. Robustness checks show that the findings hold over a wide range of parameter values and are, thus, generalizable.

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Gillespie, Rachel, Emily DeWitt, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Brynnan Dunnaway, and Alison Gustafson. "Community-Based Efforts Aim to Improve the Food Environment within a Highly Obese Rural Appalachian County." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072200.

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Rural communities in Appalachia are displaying increased obesity prevalence, yet traditional interventions have not provided a broad enough impact to improve dietary consumption patterns. Therefore, expanding efforts that address the food environment and incorporate behavioral nudges through community-developed marketing strategies may be a viable mechanism to improve food and beverage choices within this unique population. This study installed shelf-wobblers across n = 5 gas stations in one rural Appalachian county in Kentucky. Smart Snacks were identified from store inventory lists utilizing the CDC Food Service Guideline for Federal Facilities calculator and were categorized into high-protein snacks, low-fat carbohydrate snacks, meal replacement snacks, and no-calorie beverages. NEMS-CS audits were conducted, and monthly sales data was collected at baseline and for six months thereafter for each store location. A difference-in-difference model was used, adjusting for total sales or total mean sales for each Smart Snack model to assess the percentage change within and between stores. Overall, percent change in mean sales and total sales across all stores resulted in a percentage increase of sales of Smart Snack items following wobbler installment. This study provides unique insight into how a community-driven approach to marketing can influence the sale of healthier food and beverage items.

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Bottcher, Charis, Steven J. R. Underhill, Judith Aliakbari, and Sarah J. Burkhart. "Food Purchasing Behaviors of a Remote and Rural Adult Solomon Islander Population." Foods 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8100464.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the food purchasing behaviors of an adult Solomon Islander population within a transitioning food system in Auki, Malaita. Food purchasing behavior measures included; venue type and transportation for purchasing food, previous day expenditure on food purchases, number of weekly shopping experiences for store foods (generally long-life shelf and frozen items) and fresh foods (such as fruits and vegetables and fresh fish) and the importance of factors (i.e., price) on purchasing decisions. One hundred and thirty-three adults (aged 18 to 74 years; female: 63%, males: 37%) completed an interviewer administered questionnaire during December 2018. Food items were primarily sourced from Auki markets (n = 70) and stores (n = 40). Food purchasing differed between fresh and semi-perishable foods (store food). Participants reported similar shopping experiences for store food and fresh food (M = 3.87 and M = 3.25 times a week, respectively) and spending between $1 and $200 (M = $56.12) Solomon Island dollars on food in the previous day. The most reported purchased item was white rice (n = 117, 88%), with taste, freshness and family preference the most important factors reported as influencing food purchasing choices. While our findings are from a small sample in Auki, further research could build upon this work by investigating food purchasing behaviors at other times of the year, and more widely in the Solomon Islands and greater Pacific region.

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BARNETT, HAROLD J., JIM W. CONRAD, and RICHARD W. NELSON. "Use of Laminated High and Low Density Polyethylene Flexible Packaging to Store Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) in a Modified Atmosphere." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.8.645.

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The effect on extension of refrigerated shelf life of boned trout, treated or not treated with a 2.3% potassium sorbate dip and packaged in laminated high/low density “semi-permeable” polyethylene bags in the presence of a CO2-enriched modified atmosphere (MA), was studied. The combination of packaging, refrigeration, and MA was effective in doubling the fresh shelf life of the trout product. Potassium sorbate limited bacterial growth but did not extend shelf life beyond what was obtained with MA alone. Changes in pH and ammonia concentration in the fish samples were not good quality indicators in this study. Although not detected by sensory evaluations, TBA analyses indicated the possible development of oxidative rancidity in the MA-held fish. Carbon dioxide content in the flesh of the trout appeared to be a function of CO2 in the headspace of the bags which was reduced by about 50% during the first 20 d of storage. Based on changes in organoleptic characteristics, the quality of the raw trout, including the potassium sorbate-treated trout, was only marginally acceptable after 25 d of storage in the MA. However, the cooked product was rated favorably by a consumer type taste panel. The maximum post-MA refrigerated shelf life of the trout held under the experimental conditions of this study, including those treated with potassium sorbate, was about 1 week.

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Pongsetkul, Jaksuma, and Soottawat Benjakul. "The Use of Sodium Benzoate on Shelf-Life and Quality Attributes of Dried Chili Fish Paste Stored in Different Packaging Containers." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081802.

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This study was carried out to assess the quality changes and shelf-life of dried chili fish paste treated with 0.1% sodium benzoate (SB) and stored in various packaging containers, including polypropylene (PP+SB), polyethylene-terephthalate (PET+SB), and LLDPE-aluminum Ziplock bag (ZL+SB) during 20-week storage at room temperature (25–28 °C) compared with samples without preservatives (PP, PET, and ZL). The result found that samples treated with 0.1% SB exhibited slower rate of quality changes throughout storage, including pH, browning index, oxidation products, as well as microorganisms, etc. These samples can store at room temperature for at least 20 weeks without any spoilage. Moreover, the sensorial scores of them, assessed by 50 untrained panelists who were familiar with this product, were more than 7.0 in all aspects, for example, color, flavor, and texture. In contrast, samples without preservatives, which revealed the higher rate of the changes in all quality characteristics, underwent spoilage during 20-week storage at different times depending on the packaging container. The shelf-life of PP, PET, and ZL were 6, 10, and 10 weeks, respectively, as indicated by the excess of total microorganisms (>1.00 × 104 CFU/g sample). Overall, the results indicated that using sodium benzoate at the level of 0.1% can effectively extend the shelf-life of dried chili fish paste for at least 5 months with prime quality.

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Papakiriakopoulos, Dimitris, and Georgios Doukidis. "Classification Performance for Making Decisions about Products Missing from the Shelf." Advances in Decision Sciences 2011 (July 3, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/515978.

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The out-of-shelf problem is among the most important retail problems. This work employs two different classification algorithms, C4.5 and naïve Bayes, in order to build a mechanism that makes decisions about whether a product is available on a retail store shelf or not. Following the same classification methods and feature spaces, we examined the classification performance of the algorithms in four different retail chains and utilized ROC curves and the area under curve measure to compare the predictive accuracy. Based on the results obtained for the different retail chains, we identified certain approaches for the development and introduction of such a mechanism in different retail contexts.

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