Статті в журналах: "Stone milling"

1

Qi, Feng Lian, Zhi Li Sun, and Min Zhao. "The Research of Automatic Measuring System on Stone Milling Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1005.

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The automatic measuring system of stone milling force is studied in the article. The columned diamond milling cutters are used to mill stone on NC milling machines. Through analyzing the milling force, the mathematic model is established. Combining the measuring force index, the experimental facility of the automatic measuring system is established and solving methods of the key problems on the software data acquisition is detailed. The system is utilized to measure three component force of milling, that is, horizontal force, vertical force and axial force. Reliable data is acquired. Finally the automatic acquisition of data and the drawing of curve are realized. The achievement of automatic measurement of stone milling force provides theory basis for the further research on the wearing characteristics of diamond cutters, cutting quality of stones and the optimizing of processing technological parameter etc.

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2

Parenti, Alessandro, Piernicola Masella, Lorenzo Guerrini, Antonio Guiso, and Paolo Spugnoli. "Energetic and economic viability of olive stone recovery as a renewable energy source: a Southern Italy case study." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 45, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2014.230.

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The recovery of olive stones for biofuel is becoming increasingly widespread in olive milling plants. In this study we look at the economic and energetic benefits of using a de-stoner machine in a small-to-medium sized oil milling plant. The performance of the olive stone recovery system was evaluated over a full olive oil production season. The energetic viability of the de-stoner was assessed using a Life Cycle Assessment approach, and the break-even point was achieved when about 56 tons of olives had been processed, which is less than the annual production of the mill in question. Similarly, in economic terms, the machine covered its costs after about a quarter of its technical life.

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3

Chondrou, D., S. M. Valamoti, H. Procopiou, and L. Papadopoulou. "Grinding cereals and pulses in the Neolithic site of Kleitos: an experimental investigation of microconglomerate grinding equipment, final products and use wear." Journal of Greek Archaeology 3 (January 1, 2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v3i.521.

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Stone grinding tools (i.e. querns or grinding stones / millstones / metates and handstones or grinders / upper milling stones / manos) constitute an important part of the material culture recovered in prehistoric excavations. These implements, as well as the technological category in which they are traditionally attributed, known by the generic term ‘ground stone tools’, and by the more recently proposed term ‘macrolithic tools’, received the interest they deserve not long ago, through specialized studies.

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4

Carcea, Marina, Valentina Narducci, Valeria Turfani, and Enrico Finotti. "Stone Milling versus Roller Milling in Soft Wheat (Part 2): Influence on Nutritional and Technological Quality of Products." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030339.

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Wholegrain soft wheat flours can be obtained by either roller milling or stone milling. In this paper, we report on the continuation of a study aimed at analysing compositional and technological differences between differently milled wholegrain flours. Eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products analysed for their phytic acid, lipids composition to determine the presence of trans-fatty acids and damaged starch. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was also analysed as comparison, as well as seven wholegrain flours purchased on the market. For phytic acid we found that that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if the milling streams are all recombined: the milling streams instead have different amounts of phytic acid which is mainly present in the fine bran and coarse bran. It was not possible to highlight differences in the milling technology due to the presence of trans-fatty acids in the stone milled wholegrain flour whereas it was possible to find that starch damage depended on the milling method with stone milled wholegrain flours having in all cases significantly higher values than the roller milled ones.

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5

Carcea, Marina, Valeria Turfani, Valentina Narducci, Sahara Melloni, Vincenzo Galli, and Valentina Tullio. "Stone Milling versus Roller Milling in Soft Wheat: Influence on Products Composition." Foods 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010003.

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Wholegrain wheat flours are in great demand from consumers worldwide because they are considered healthier then refined flours. They can be obtained by either stone milling, which is experiencing a revival in Europe, or roller milling. In order to study compositional differences due to the milling technology and to explore the possibility of a better qualification of wholegrain flours by means of nutritionally oriented quality parameters, eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products were analyzed for their protein, ash, lipids, total dietary fibre, total polyphenols and alkylresorcinols content. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was used as a comparison and a set of seven wholegrain flours purchased on themarket were also analyzed and compared. The particle size distribution of stone milled and recombined roller milled flour was also studied. Considering the above mentioned parameters, we found that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if, in this latter one, the milling streams are all recombined, but the particle size distribution was different. This might have an impact on the technological quality of flours and on the bioavailability of components.

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6

Liu, Xiao Hua, Jian Xia Fu, Li Li, Xing Dong Lv, Peng Peng, and Guo Sheng Gai. "Leaching Mineral Elements from Chinese Maifan-Stone." Advanced Materials Research 58 (October 2008): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.58.69.

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Chinese maifan-stone (CMS) is Chinese traditional mineral medicine, in which there are lots of soluble mineral elements. In this paper static soaping to leach mineral elements and dry or wet gringding maifan-stone simultaneously leaching mineral elements was studied. The result shows that: much more mineral elements were leached from Maifan-stone by the method that wet vibrating mill than by the method that soaking fine Maifan-stone after dry-milling. And the factors influencing on the mineral concentration such as milling time and solid/liquid mass ratio were investigated. Furthermore, the possibility of wet-milling simultaneously to leaching mineral elements from Maifan-stone to industrialization was analyzed, and pointed out that it has good industrialization foreground.

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7

PALPACELLI, VALENTINO, LUCA BECO, and MAURIZIO CIANI. "Vomitoxin and Zearalenone Content of Soft Wheat Flour Milled by Different Methods." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.2.509.

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Given the prominence and the growing importance of mycotoxins in human and animal health, and particularly of vomitoxin and zearalenone in people who use wheat and wheat products as their staple diet, we investigated two different types of wheat milling. Wheat produced according to good manufacturing practice related to mycotoxin risks (from sowing to harvesting) was used to compare the vomitoxin and zearalenone content of soft wheat flour, following the use of two different types of milling, traditional milling with a stone mill and modern milling with a roller mill. Moreover, the vomitoxin and zearalenone content was also evaluated in commercial stone-milled and roller-milled flours. Our results show that stone milling reduced vomitoxin and zearalenone content in flours, compared with the use of the roller-mill system.

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8

del Valle, F. R., H. Loo, M. A. Arce, D. Clason, and M. Sánchez-Lucero. "Effects of pregrinding and extrusion on quality of corn tortilla flour Efectos de la premolienda y la extrusión sobre la calidad de harina de maíz para tortillas." Food Science and Technology International 3, no. 5 (October 1997): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329700300505.

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The effects of stone and pin milling (with and without subsequent extrusion) on quality parameters of tortilla flour were studied and quantified with the aid of a laboratory extruder. The viscoamylograms of selected flour samples were also determined. Results revealed that tortilla flour of good quality could be obtained by stone milling (with or without subsequent extrusion) but not pin milling, even with subsequent extrusion. Although the stone milled samples reflected adequate flour quality parameters, their viscoamylograms were different in many respects from that of a commercial tortilla flour sample which resembled the viscoamylogram of raw flour.

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9

Pagani, Maria Ambrogina, Debora Giordano, Gaetano Cardone, Antonella Pasqualone, Maria Cristina Casiraghi, Daniela Erba, Massimo Blandino, and Alessandra Marti. "Nutritional Features and Bread-Making Performance of Wholewheat: Does the Milling System Matter?" Foods 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081035.

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Despite the interest in stone-milling, there is no information on the potential advantages of using the resultant wholegrain flour (WF) in bread-making. Consequently, nutritional and technological properties of WFs obtained by both stone- (SWF) and roller-milling (RWF) were assessed on four wheat samples, differing in grain hardness and pigment richness. Regardless of the type of wheat, stone-milling led to WFs with a high number of particles ranging in size from 315 to 710 μm), whereas RWFs showed a bimodal distribution with large (>1000 μm) and fine (<250 μm) particles. On average, the milling system did not affect the proximate composition and the bioactive features of WFs. The gluten aggregation kinetics resulted in similar trends for all SWFs, with indices higher than for RWFs. The effect of milling on dough properties (i.e., mixing and leavening) was sample dependent. Overall, SWFs produced more gas, resulting in bread with higher specific volume. Bread crumb from SWF had higher lutein content in the wheat cv rich in xanthophylls, while bread from RWF of the blue-grained cv had a moderate but significantly higher content in esterified phenolic acids and total anthocyanins. In conclusion, there was no relevant advantage in using stone- as opposed to roller-milling (and vice versa).

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10

Gyurika, I. G., and M. Gálos. "The creation of new research system for the investigation of surface quality by stones." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.4.2013.1.6.

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Abstract The research on automated stone machining processes was very significant in the last two decades. Sawing, cutting and grinding of different stones like granite, marble, limestone became cheaper and more productive because of the results of researches. When searching through international specialised literature in the topic of stone machining with machine centres, theoretical summaries or researches can hardly be found. The aim of the researchers writing this article is — as a pioneer in Hungary, but also among the first internationally — to examine the optimization and technological problems in the area of stone milling processes. The researchers have developed a complex research system with the collaboration of two departments of University of Technology and Economics and an industrial stone machining firm, Woldem Ltd. to solve the problems. This paper summarizes the parts of this system. General steps and results of research processes are demonstrated by reference experiments. Face milling operations were made on a granite block with five different cutting speeds and then the researchers measured slip safety and average surface roughness values in case of different samples. Finally, upcoming tasks of the research team are summarized.

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11

Yin, Fangchen, Qinzhi Ji, Chengwei Jin, and Jing Wang. "An improved QPSO-SVM-based approach for predicting the milling force for white marble in robot stone machining." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 1589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210430.

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Milling force prediction is one of the most important ways to improve the quality of products and stability in robot stone machining. In this paper, support vector machines (SVMs) are introduced to model the milling force of white marble, and the model parameters in the SVMs are optimized by the improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (IQPSO) algorithm. A set of online inspection data from stone-machining robotic manipulators is adopted to train and test the model. The overall performance of the model is evaluated based on the decision coefficient (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE), and the results obtained by IQPSO-SVM are superior to those of the PSO-SVM model. On this basis, the relationship between the milling force of white marble and various machining parameters is explored to obtain optimal machining parameters. The proposed model provides a tool for the adjustment of machining parameters to ensure stable machining quality. This approach is a new method and concept for milling force control and optimization research in the robotic stone milling process.

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12

Bayram, Mustafa, and Mehmet Durdu Öner. "Stone, disc and hammer milling of bulgur." Journal of Cereal Science 41, no. 3 (May 2005): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2004.12.004.

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13

Zhao, Do Hong, Jing Sun, Ke Zhang, Yu Hou Wu, and Feng Lu. "Design and Analysis of a Sawing-Milling Compound Machining Center for Special-Shaped Stone Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.123.

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Nowadays, the equipment for processing special-shaped stone products is developing towards high efficiency, intelligent and multifunction. Based on the features of stone processing technology, a sawing-milling compound machining center with eight axes and double five-axis simultaneous control for special-shaped stone products was designed. The dynamic performance and processing capacity were tested. Research shows that the sawing and milling compound machining in the same horizontal slide saddle is practicable. This machine can realize both vertical and horizontal machining under five-axis simultaneous control, and its machining accuracy is better than the normal industrial standard.

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14

D. P. Whitelock and G. H. Brusewitz. "Mustard Seed Pretreatment Effect on Stone Milling Output." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 11, no. 2 (1995): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25738.

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15

Zhang, Ke, Zheng Xing Cui, De Hong Zhao, Liang Wu Rao, and Yu Hou Wu. "The Assembly Precision Debugging of Pillar of the Alien Stone Turning-Milling Compound Machining Center (HTM50200)." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.521.

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The alien stone turning-milling compound machining center（HTM50200）is the new generation multifunctional compound machining center. It is used to process rotating alien stone products and three-dimensional sculpture products. Pillar is the key support part of the machining center. The parallelism, straightness, levelness of the pillar affects the straight-line movement precision of beam parts. Therefore, the assembly precision debugging of the pillar plays the decisive role in the overall accuracy of this machining center. This paper introduces a kind of method by laser interference adjusting the assembly accuracy of the pillar. The results meet the design requirements of the assembly accuracy of pillar. It lays a solid foundation for the following-up assembly of the alien stone turning-milling compound machining center.

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16

Wu, Yu Hou, Hui Jie You, De Hong Zhao, and Yan Liu. "CNC Machining and Simulation for Relief of Special-Shaped Stone." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.69.

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Use special-shaped stone turn-milling machining center (HTM50200) to achieve the production of complex relief. Through the ArtCAM establish the three dimensional relief model of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Analysis of blank material characteristics and features of NC machining center, select the appropriate tool, calculate cutting depth 、cutting speed 、feed rate 、spindle speed and other process parameters by formulas. With ArtCAM/CAM module to make process of the preparation of the rough finishing, the semi-finishing and finishing, and then generate the tool path file. Simulation in VERICUT can optimize the potential collision, over-cutting and owe cut of the machining process, and the adoption of special-shaped stone machining center for milling to finalize production of the relief, summarize the experience in special-shaped stone processing.

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17

Zhang, Shu Wei, Jian Qun Liu, Zhen Fei Lv, and Yang Xu. "Research and Development of the Stone Contour Automatic Processing." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.127.

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Accurate and automatic processing of the stone contour such as the straight line, circle and arc shape is achieved by CNC bridge cutting machine based on the GTS motion control card. Difficult problems of sawing curve contour have been solved with the method of the tool tangential following, in addition, high efficiency and high precision in milling procedure are ensured as a result of the velocity look-ahead. The operation of the automatic tool changer among saw tool, milling tool and grind tool in the machining process is achieved by the method of translating tool carrier. Selective processing of the stone contour is achieved by point selection or region selection, therefore, more flexible processing is realized. The highly automated and integrated processing of the stone contour is realized.

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18

Rumler, Rubina, Denisse Bender, Sofia Speranza, Johannes Frauenlob, Lydia Gamper, Joost Hoek, Henry Jäger, and Regine Schönlechner. "Chemical and Physical Characterization of Sorghum Milling Fractions and Sorghum Whole Meal Flours Obtained via Stone or Roller Milling." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040870.

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Due to climate change sorghum might gain widespread in the Western countries, as the grain is adapted to hot climate. Additionally sorghum contains a notable amount of health-promoting nutrients. However, Western countries do not have a long history of sorghum consumption, and thus little experience in processing it. Milling systems in these areas were mostly developed for wheat or rye milling. In the present work, the effectiveness of sorghum milling when using a stone and a roller milling system (pilot scale) was investigated as well as its impact on the chemical and physical properties of the obtained flour fractions and whole-grain flours. Results showed that both milling systems could be successfully adapted to producing chemically and physically distinct flour and bran fractions from the small sorghum kernels. Fractions with increased bran material that contained higher amounts of ash, protein, fat, total dietary fiber, and total phenolic content but less starch, showed enhanced water absorption indices and water solubility indices. Interestingly, no significant difference was found in the ash and fat content of the different fractions obtained from stone milling. Overall, the study provided information on the production and composition of distinct flour fractions, which offer a wider range of future food applications.

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19

Jones, Terry L., Richard T. Fitzgerald, Douglas J. Kennett, Charles H. Miksicek, John L. Fagan, John Sharp, and Jon M. Erlandson. "The Cross Creek Site (CA-SLO-1797) and Its Implications for New World Colonization." American Antiquity 67, no. 2 (April 2002): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694564.

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Recent excavations at the Cross Creek site (CA-SLO-1797) on the central coast of California revealed a stratigraphically discrete midden component dating between ca. 8350 and 7700 cal B.C., making it the oldest mainland shell midden on the west coast of North America. A large recovery volume revealed an assemblage dominated by grinding implements (handstones and milling slabs) and crude core and flake tools typical of California's Milling Stone horizon, but the Cross Creek findings extend the antiquity of Milling Stone back to the terminal Pleistocene. The tools and associated faunal remains suggest a gathering economy profoundly different from the terminal Pleistocene big-game hunting of interior North America. This variation is difficult to reconcile as a simple adaptive outgrowth from late Pleistocene hunting and may reflect a separate coastal migration route into the New World.

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20

Gyurika, István Gábor, and Tibor Szalay. "The examination of the effect of variable cutting speeds on the surface and edge qualities of milled granite materials." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 2019): 168781401983631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019836319.

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Automated stone manufacturing has undergone considerable development in recent years. Thanks to international research dealing with the cutting, sawing and grinding of different natural stones, processing time shortens and tool-life lengthens. However, the process of stone milling has not been extensively examined yet, primarily because of the novelty of this technology. The aim of the research described in this article is to examine how variable cutting speed affects the quality of workpiece edges while milling granite materials. For the research, sample surfaces were formed on five granite slabs with different average grain sizes using five cutting speed values. Afterwards, changes in the average surface roughness and average edge chipping rate were examined. From the research results, it can be concluded that, due to an increase in cutting speed, the average edge chipping rate will decrease until reaching a borderline speed. In the case of a higher cutting speed, the referent tendency cannot be ascertained. A statistical analysis conducted in the scope of this research showed that if a variable cutting speed is applied, then changes in the quality of the sample surface edge can be inferred from the development trends of average surface roughness.

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21

Zhang, F., Z. Wu, J. Ding, X. Guo, P. Cao, and Z. Zhu. "Milling performance of stone‐plastic composite with diamond cutters." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 52, no. 12 (December 2021): 1307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202100215.

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22

UNAL, H. GURAN, and KAMIL SACILIK. "MILLING QUALITY OF HULLED WHEAT BULGUR WITH STONE MILL." Journal of Food Process Engineering 34, no. 3 (July 20, 2009): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00516.x.

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23

Zhang, Ke, De Hong Zhao, Hua Guo, Bao Jia Hou, and Yu Hou Wu. "Development and Analysis of Special-Shaped Stone Multi-Function NC Machining Center." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.767.

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Along with building decoration industry and stone industry development, special-shaped stone equipments develop to high speed and efficiency, intelligent, compound function directions. Special-shaped stone multi-function compound machining center was designed, realized stone turning function and carving and milling function compound in a perpendicular saddle, analyzed machining center motion function. Kinetic simulation research on machining center was performed using COSMOSMotion, tracked spindle tool output displacement, speed and acceleration data by trajectory tracking, indicated mathematic model correct. Structure design was optimized through analysis of crossbeam and bed. This had important practical value to dynamic design of NC equipment and prototype research.

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Fitzgerald, Richard T., and Terry L. Jones. "On the Weight of the Evidence from Cross Creek: A Reply to Turner." American Antiquity 68, no. 2 (April 2003): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557087.

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As stated in our original paper (Jones et al. 2002), the Cross Creek site is not of sufficient antiquity to challenge Clovis for temporal priority in western North America, but it pushes the age of the California Milling Stone culture back 2,000 years earlier than previous estimates. The Milling Stone culture and coastal adaptations on the southern California islands are so profoundly different from Clovis that they beg consideration of alternative colonization scenarios. Relying on old arguments and ignoring recently published findings, Turner (this issue) argues that there is insufficient evidence for a maritime culture on the central coast of California at the end of the Pleistocene. In our response, we further discuss implications of the findings from Cross Creek and other studies that support a coastal migration model.

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Zainuri, Mochamad, Hafizhah Ellora Della, and Bintoro Anang Subagyo. "The Influence of Mechanical Milling on the Electrical Conductivity of LiFeSi_0.03P_0.97O₄/C Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 860 (August 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.860.64.

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LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C composite materials with variations in duration of milling are 4, 8, 12, and 16 h have been synthesized successfully by solid-state process. The iron stone from Tanah Laut Kalimantan used as source of ion Fe and Glucose used as material coating. The result of XRD have shown all of the samples have a olivine LiFePO4 phase except for milling 16 h. The largest electrical conductivity was 1.75x10-8 S/cm observed in sample of 16 h.

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IKKI, Daisuke, Minoru MORITA, and Zhongwei JIANG. "Study on endoscopic urinary stone milling device using opposite phase vibration." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2021.74 (2021): E32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2021.74.e32.

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Garrido, Julio, Diego Silva, and Juan Sáez. "STEP-NC-Compliant Implementation to Support Mixed-Control Technologies Applied to Stone-Processing Machines Based on Industrial Automation Standards." Machines 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9120327.

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STEP-NC (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data–Numerical Control) for metal milling and turning is not implemented by industrial computer numerical controllers. Solutions reported are prototypes based on post-processing in G-code. Moreover, minority machining processes, such as stone cutting, have not yet been contemplated in the STEP-NC standard. This article takes that sector as a use case. An extended STEP-NC model for circular saw stone-cutting operations is proposed, and a prototype automation implementation is developed to work with this extended model. This article shows how modern technological resources for coordinated axes control provided by many industrial controllers for the automation of general-purpose machines can speed up the processes of implementing STEP-NC numerical controllers. This article proposes a mixed and flexible approach for STEP-NC-based machine automation, where different strategies can coexist when it comes to executing STEP-NC machining files, so controllers do not need to implement the standard in an exhaustive way for all the possible features, but only at selected ones when convenient. This is demonstrated in a prototype implementation which is able to process STEP-NC product files with mixed-feature types: standard milling and non-standard sawblade features for stone processing.

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Jones, Terry L. "Mortars, Pestles, and Division of Labor in Prehistoric California: A View from Big Sur." American Antiquity 61, no. 2 (April 1996): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282420.

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The mortar and pestle, technologically linked to intensive acorn economies, appeared initially in low frequencies over a large portion of California ca. 4000-3500 B.C. Three sites on the Big Sur coast of central California illuminate the circumstances surrounding the advent of this new technology, which initially supplemented hand stones and milling slabs. Excavation results suggest that ca. 3500 B.C. production of hunting-related flaked-stone tools increased relative to ground stone, and hunted resources became more important, as part of a transition from a highly mobile, selective use of the coastal resources, heavily focused on gathering, to a less mobile, more intensified lifeway. Obsidian hydration profiles indicate that interregional exchange increased at the same time. Evaluation of alternative mussel collection techniques further indicates that shellfish-harvesting strategies became less efficient at this juncture, promoting the emergence of a processing specialization, concomitant with increased hunting intensity. These transitions apparently mark the appearance of lineal descent organization and the system of gender-specific task appropriation observed at European contact.

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Yohe, Robert M., Margaret E. Newman, and Joan S. Schneider. "Immunological Identification of Small-Mammal Proteins on Aboriginal Milling Equipment." American Antiquity 56, no. 4 (October 1991): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281543.

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Ethnographic accounts of animal pulverization using stone grinding implements have led archaeologists to believe that this same behavior took place in the past. This important subsistence activity can now be confirmed through the immunological analysis of archaeological materials. Small-mammal blood-protein residue has been identified immunologically for the first time on milling equipment from two archaeological sites in southern California. Immunoprotein trace analysis has the potential for a wide range of applications in the study of prehistory.

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Wu, Zhanwen, Dietrich Buck, Dong Jin, Xiaolei Guo, Pingxiang Cao, and Zhaolong Zhu. "Investigation on Milling Quality of Stone–Plastic Composite Using Response Surface Methodology." JOM 74, no. 5 (January 6, 2022): 2063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05024-y.

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31

Sirilar, Pakawadee, Nakorn Srisukhumbowornchai, Purit Thanakijkasem, Somnuk Sirisoonthorn, and Gernot Klein. "Utilization of Pottery Stone as a Replacing Material for Vitreous Ceramic Sanitary Ware Production: A Case Study in Khon Kaen, Thailand." Key Engineering Materials 718 (November 2016): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.718.143.

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The aim of this work was to determine the properties of vitreous ceramic sanitary ware bodies according to the production of Khon Kaen ceramic sanitary ware industry, Thailand. Pottery stone was used as a replacing material in the commercial ceramic sanitary ware body formulation. The cast slurry of seven formulations was prepared by wet milling. The rheological properties (density and torsion viscosity) were investigated before slip casting. The test pieces were fired at 1175, 1200 and 1225๐C and the physical-mechanical properties (firing shrinkage, flexural strength, and water absorption) were compared. As a result, pottery stone shows a possibility to replace quartz in the production. It could enhance all of the good properties at lower firing temperature. Using of pottery stone could reduce production cost in term of energy fuel by 4.45% when compared with commercial formulation.

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Prawira-Atmaja, Mukhammad Iqbal, Sugeng Haryanto, Hilman Maulana, Shabri Shabri, and Dr Dadan Rohdiana. "Karakteritik sifat alir bubuk teh hijau yang diproses dengan metode penepung berbeda." Jurnal Sains Teh dan Kina 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/pptk.jur.jptk.v21i2.147.

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Recently, the public interest in green tea powder is increasing. Green tea powder is produced through the process stage: withering in hot steam, drying, and reducing size. The size reduction process on green tea powder is an important step because it will affect the characteristics of the powder flow properties. This study aims to determine the flow properties of green tea powder processed by different milling method. The milling method used are disc milling (DM) and stone milling (SM). Green tea powder was analyzed including moisture content, particle size distribution using dynamic laser scattering method, determined of bulk density (ρb), and tapped density (ρtap) to find out the Carr Index (CI) and Hausner Ratio (Hr). In addition, the lightness of color and shape and morphology of green tea powder were observed with SEM. The results showed that green tea powder produced from different milling methods have a Carr Index of 15 with “Good” flow properties. DM method produced darker green tea powder with L value (lightness) 49.91 and larger particle size (D50: 38.6 µm) compared with green tea powder produced by the SM method. Determination of flow properties of green tea powder can be applied for the utilization and development of food products and pharmaceutical products based on green tea powder.

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Cappelli, Alessio, Noemi Oliva, and Enrico Cini. "Stone milling versus roller milling: A systematic review of the effects on wheat flour quality, dough rheology, and bread characteristics." Trends in Food Science & Technology 97 (March 2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.008.

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Zhang, Ke, Zheng Xing Cui, De Hong Zhao, Liang Wu Rao, and Yu Hou Wu. "The Detection and Analysis of Straightness Errors on Pillar and Guide Rail of Alien Stone Turning-Milling Compound Machining Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.480.

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The alien stone turning-milling compound machining center is a new generation gap multifunctional compound machining center. It is used to process rotating part of alien stone products and three-dimensional sculpture products. The pillar and guiding rail are the key parts of the machining center. The straightness error of the pillar and guide rail seriously impacts the linear motion precision of beam parts. Comparison the straightness of guiding rail with pillar or without pillar, it shows that the results meet the standard of GB/T16462-1996. So it ensures the accuracy of the linear motion precision of beam parts. It lays a solid foundation for achieving the design function and machining precision.

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35

Lu, F., L. Zha, and X. Wang. "Research on preparation of HFCVD diamond coated milling cutter and stone cutting performance." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 399 (September 19, 2018): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/399/1/012036.

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36

Sun, Jing, Ke Zhang, De Hong Zhao, Yu Hou Wu, and Feng Lu. "The Design and Analysis of Saw-Milling Working Head for Special Shaped Stone." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.209.

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For a new type of saw-milling composite work-head, using the finite element method and modal analysis tests to get the dynamic characteristics analysis of the system. We have made dynamic parameters analyses which are mode shape, natural frequency and damping ratio of the whole machine and the piece structure of work-head, and identified the weak links of the machine. The research shows that: the composite work-head’ weaknesses are in the sliding saddle joint, and the vibration instability trend would drive the whole machine; the dynamic stiffness of spindle is lower in the low frequency band, and it causes a certain influence on the machining accuracy.

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37

Zhu, Zhaolong, Dietrich Buck, Xiaolei Guo, Pingxiang Cao, and Jinxin Wang. "Cutting performance in the helical milling of stone-plastic composite with diamond tools." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 31 (November 2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2020.10.005.

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38

Wright, Katherine I. "The Social Origins of Cooking and Dining in Early Villages of Western Asia." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 66 (2000): 89–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x0000178x.

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This paper explores social customs of cooking and dining as farming emerged in the earliest villages of Palestine and Jordan (12,650–6850 cal BC). The approach is a spatial analysis of in situ hearths, pits, bins, benches, platforms, activity areas, caches, and ground stone artefacts. Mortars, pestles, and bowls first appear in significant numbers in base camps of semi-sedentary Natufian hunter-gatherers. Elaborate and decorated, these artefacts imply a newly formal social etiquette of food-sharing. They were used within houses, near hearths, and in outdoor areas. The earliest farmers of the Khiamian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A used simple, mostly undecorated, ground stone tools. One-room houses were often fitted with a hearth and a small mortar in the centre, features that also occur in outdoor areas. In the Early and Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, firepits, milling stations, and storage features were placed on porches and outdoor areas near house doors. These areas formed a transition zone between house and community, where food preparation provided opportunities for social contacts. The most private rooms in houses were supplied with benches, platforms, and decorated hearths, and probably sheltered household meals. In the Late PPNB, when some villages grew to unprecedented sizes, storage, and cooking facilities were placed in constricted, private spaces comparatively hidden from community view. Numerous milling tools and multiple milling stations in individual houses suggest intensification of production of prepared foods. It is argued that adult women bore the brunt of the increased labour and that these activities placed them under new restrictions of daily activity and visibility in relation to village communities.

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Zhang, Yun Feng, Zhen Nan Qi, Xi Ying Lang, and Min Zhao. "Reliability Analysis of the Diamond Saw Blades Based on ANSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.887.

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The structure reliability of the diamond saw blade in milling process is studied. With probability design features of ANSYS, take the flange diameter ,thickness, diameter of the diamond saw blade and load suffered in the milling process as input variables, and take the maximum equivalent stress of dangerous parts of the diamond saw blades stress as output variable. The diamond saw blade structure reliability is analysed using Monte Carlo method and the maximum equivalent stress value cumulative distribution and dangerous parts of various parameters on the distribution of the maximum equivalent stress sensitivity under the impact of the load are got. The result provides a theoretical basis for improving the parameters of diamond saw blade and has the significant practical and theoretical value for the stone processing theory and diamond saw blade study.

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40

Kopynets, Ivan, Oleksii Sokolov, Anton Zheltobriukh, and Vasiliy Golovchenko. "INVESTIGATING THE POSSIBILITY USING CRUSHING MATERIALS OF PRODUCTION OF JSC «NIKOPOL FERROALLOY PLANT» DURING ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 264, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-4-264-52-58.

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Disposal of secondary materials is intended for the conservation of natural resources and the speedy maintenance of travels, as it is necessary to dispose of them in special missions. Utilization will be attracted by the countries of the European Union, in which all directives are in accordance with the provisions for managing the inputs. On the current year in Ukraine, there is no food utilization in the industry, that is why this part is located at the doorways that carry in itself a great risk for ecology, and only insignificant part is to be utilized in future events. This paper presents the results of a study of crushed stone materials produced by JSC «NIKOPOL FERROAL ALLOYS PLANT». Experimental researches on establishment of physical and mechanical properties of crushed stone of fraction of 5 – 10 mm, crushed stone of fraction of 10 – 20 mm, crushed stone of fraction of 20 – 40 mm, crushed stone of fraction of 40 – 70 mm, crushed stone-sand mix with the maximum grain size of 20 mm, crushed stone sand mixture with a maximum grain size of 40 mm, crushed stone-sand mixture with a maximum grain size of 70 mm and sand from screenings of crushing fraction 0 – 5 mm. The conformity of the studied materials to the requirements of national standards is established and the field of their application for the device of constructive layers of pavement is defined. Additional materials can be used without viscous for crushed stone spheres of road bedding (cover, base, additional basis), as well as with organic binders at the storage of asphalt concrete , black crushed stone, sums of organo-minerals from milling materials of road surfaces, which are prepared using the method of cold recycling, crushed stone-fueled sums, overgrown with inorganic knitting or a complex of knitting. Victory of pre-existing crushed stone materials for an hour of development of automobile roads to allow the change of technogenically new ones to the new environment, change of debts on the basis of victories of natural crushed stone materials and resources of vitality. Keywords: industrial wastes, road pavement, metallurgical slag, crushed stone, crushed stone-sand mixtures.

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41

Kun, Zs, and I. G. Gyurika. "Possible examinations of stone machining focused on the relationship between technological parameters and surface quality." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.4.2013.1.9.

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Abstract The stone products with different sizes, geometries and materials — like machine tool's bench, measuring machine's board or sculptures, floor tiles — can be produced automatically while the manufacturing engineer uses objective function similar to metal cutting. This function can minimise the manufacturing time or the manufacturing cost, in other cases it can maximise of the tool's life. To use several functions, manufacturing engineers need an overall theoretical background knowledge, which can give useful information about the choosing of technological parameters (e.g. feed rate, depth of cut, or cutting speed), the choosing of applicable tools or especially the choosing of the optimum motion path. A similarly important customer's requirement is the appropriate surface roughness of the machined (cut, sawn or milled) stone product. This paper's first part is about a five-month-long literature review, which summarizes in short the studies (researches and results) considered the most important by the authors. These works are about the investigation of the surface roughness of stone products in stone machining. In the second part of this paper the authors try to determine research possibilities and trends, which can help to specify the relation between the surface roughness and technological parameters. Most of the suggestions of this paper are about stone milling, which is the least investigated machining method in the world.

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42

Yang, Z., Z. Q. Qu, R. B. Mu, K. Y. Ji, and M. Zhao. "Study on the temperature field of stone processed by diamond tools." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012041.

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Abstract The experiments were designed by testing methods and orthogonal single factor experimental design. XK5032C CNC milling machine, the equipment to achieve X-axis, Y-axis and 3-axis Z direction of the automatic feed, spindle cooling method using water-cooled. In different processing parameters (spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate), measurement of the surface temperature of diamond tools. In the testing experiment result analysis, we conclude, the depth of cutting is the biggest influence on the surface temperature. From the orthogonal experiment data analysis, we found that, the temperature was reduced with spindle rotation but opposite with two other factors. By linear regression analysis. We get the best cutting results by choosing a large spindle rotation and a small feed rate.

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43

Kullman, Gregory J., Alice L. Greife, Joseph Costello, and Frank J. Hearl. "Occupational exposures to fibers and quartz at 19 crushed stone mining and milling operations." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 1995): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700270503.

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44

Su, Jiang Jiang, Feng Lu, De Hong Zhao, and Yu Hou Wu. "The Relief Modeling and Processing Based on ArtCAM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.1088.

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Three processing methods of ArtCAM software are summarized. The eight steeds relief is the research example of one method of using ArtCAM software as a platform. The general process of ArtCAM software in relief modeling, simulation, processing is outlined. Working out the model using the shaped stone milling machine, the HTM50200, verifies that this method is feasible and effective. The method provides technical support to the digital development of the relief industry and promotes the modernization of the relief industry.

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45

Zandinejad, A., WS Lin, M. Atarodi, T. Abdel-Azim, MJ Metz, and D. Morton. "Digital Workflow for Virtually Designing and Milling Ceramic Lithium Disilicate Veneers: A Clinical Report." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-291-s.

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SUMMARY Laminate veneers have been routinely used to restore and enhance the appearance of natural dentition. The traditional pathway for fabricating veneers consisted of making conventional polyvinyl siloxane impressions, producing stone casts, and fabricating final porcelain prostheses on stone dies. Pressed ceramics have successfully been used for laminate veneer fabrication for several years. Recently, digital computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing scanning has become commercially available to make a digital impression that is sent electronically to a dental laboratory or a chairside milling machine. However, technology has been developed to allow digital data acquisition in conjunction with electronically transmitted data that enables virtual design of restorations and milling at a remote production center. Following the aforementioned workflow will provide the opportunity to fabricate a physical cast-free restoration. This new technique has been reported recently for all-ceramic IPS e.max full-coverage pressed-ceramic restorations. However, laminate veneers are very delicate and technique-sensitive restorations when compared with all-ceramic full-coverage ones made from the same material. Complete digital design and fabrication of multiple consecutive laminate veneers seems to be very challenging. This clinical report presents the digital workflow for the virtual design and fabrication of multiple laminate veneers in a patient for enhancing the esthetics of his maxillary anterior teeth. A step-by-step process is presented with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this novel technique. Additionally, the use of lithium disilicate ceramic as the material of choice and the rationale for such a decision is discussed.

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46

Zhadanovsky, Boris. "Mechanical processing of concrete and reinforced concrete with diamond tool." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303013.

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The technology and organization of construction production using high-performance machines equipped with a diamond tool for machining concrete, concrete and stone surfaces is considered. Various installations, machines and mechanisms with a diamond tool for milling, grinding, drilling and cutting surfaces are presented. The design decisions of the grinding machine MSh-300, installations for machining the surfaces of facing slabs, a high-performance drilling machine and a concrete surface milling cutter are considered. An analysis of domestic and foreign installations has been carried out, which showed that the specific consumption of diamonds in domestic installations is lower with higher productivity. Having studied the sales statistics of manufacturers of individual machines and plants, as well as the positive feedback from implementing construction organizations, it is recommended to use, for the further prospect, high-performance machines and installations with a diamond tool in connection with an increase in the volume of reconstruction of industrial and civil facilities and the construction of transport highways.

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47

Hwang, YC, YS Park, HK Kim, YS Hong, JS Ahn, and JJ Ryu. "The Evaluation of Working Casts Prepared from Digital Impressions." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-352-l.

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SUMMARY Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility of working casts of a digital impression system by comparing them with the original, virtual, and rapid prototyping casts. Materials and Methods A total of 54 cast sets in clinically stable occlusion were used. They were scanned by an iTero intraoral scanner and converted into STL format virtual casts. Rapid prototyping casts and polyurethane casts were fabricated from the iTero milling system based on the virtual casts. Several horizontal and vertical measurements were performed from the four types of casts, that is, original stone casts, virtual casts, rapid prototyping casts, and polyurethane casts of iTero. Measurement error, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and differences among the casts were calculated and compared. Results Casts from iTero milling machines exhibited greater dimensional differences and lower ICC values than did other casts. In addition, many of the measurements of the iTero working casts showed statistically significant differences in comparison to the three other types of casts. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between the virtual and original casts. Conclusion Virtual casts made by the iTero intraoral scanner exhibited excellent reproducibility. However, the casts from the iTero milling machine showed greater dimensional differences and lower reproducibility compared to other types of casts.

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Mu, Xuan, Ke Zhang, De Hong Zhao, and Yu Hou Wu. "The Topological Optimization Design of Cross Beams Structure of Shaped Stone Turning-Milling CNC (HTM50200)." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2725.

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To reduce the overall mass of the machine tools, this paper made the structural lightweight design to crossbeams of the HTM series gantry machine by topology optimization. The topology optimization mathematical model was built by taking the quality as the constraint, overall stiffness to the maximum (complicance to the minimum) as the design goals. It also took HTM50200 Turning Milling Center as an example, put forward an asymmetric layout structure of auxiliary hole according to the optimization results by numerical simulation and calculation of ANSYS. By verified, the mass of the structure was 2.76% lower than traditional structure, and the maximum deformation decreased by 16.07%. By applying the topology optimization method to the design process of the HTM series machining center, the utilization of materials will be improved and the production costs will be reduced.

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Cajzek, Florijan, Jasna Bertoncelj, Ivan Kreft, Nataša Poklar Ulrih, Tomaž Polak, Tomaž Požrl, Igor Pravst, Ivana Polišenská, Kateřina Vaculová та Blaž Cigić. "Preparation of β‐glucan and antioxidant‐rich fractions by stone milling of hull‐less barley". International Journal of Food Science & Technology 55, № 2 (28 серпня 2019): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14322.

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50

Shao, Hui, Qimeng Liu, and Zhiwei Gao. "Material Removal Optimization Strategy of 3D Block Cutting Based on Geometric Computation Method." Processes 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040695.

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During the material removal stage in stone rough processing, milling type has been widely explored, which, however, may cause time and material consumption, as well as substantial stress for the environment. To improve the material removal rate and waste reuse rate in the rough processing stage for three-dimensional stone products with a special shape, in this paper, circular saw disc cutting is explored to cut a convex polyhedron out of a blank box, which approaches a target product. Unlike milling optimization, this problem cannot be well solved by mathematical methods, which have to be solved by geometrical methods instead. An automatic block cutting strategy is proposed intuitively by considering a series of geometrical optimization approaches for the first time. To obtain a big removal block, constructing cutting planes based on convex vertices is uniquely proposed. Specifically, the removal vertices (the maximum thickness of material removal) are searched based on the octree algorithm, and the cutting plane is constructed based on this thickness to guarantee a relatively big removal block. Moreover, to minimize the cutting time, the geometrical characteristics of the intersecting convex polygon of the cutting plane with the convex polyhedron are analyzed, accompanied by the constraints of the guillotine cutting mode. The optimization algorithm determining the cutting path is presented with a feed direction accompanied by the shortest cutting stroke, which confirms the shortest cutting time. From the big removal block and shortest cutting time, the suboptimal solution of the average material removal rate (the ratio of material removal volume to cutting time) is generated. Finally, the simulation is carried out on a blank box to approach a bounding sphere both on MATLAB and the Vericut platform. In this case study, for the removal of 85% of material with 19 cuts, the proposed cutting strategy achieves five times higher the average material removal rate than that of one higher milling capacity case.

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