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1
Reynolds, T. E. G. "Problems in the Stone Age of South-East Asia." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 59 (1993): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Whilst research has shown many faults with the Movius scheme of a Middle Pleistocene group of Chopper/Chopping tool industries in South-East Asia, it remains a fact that pebble tool industries are still the dominant characteristic of the South-East Asian record. Exploration has now revealed hundreds of Late Pleistocene and Holocene sites in Mainland South-East Asia and these are archaeologically very different from cave sites in Europe. Further problems exist with the current nomenclature of later industries, such as the Hoabinhian and the Neolithic, for there is a large amount of overlap between such assemblages. Should such factors as economy, site location, etc. be used to assist clarification of such problems?This paper outlines some of these issues and reveals that the pebble tool tradition as it is widely known in South-East Asia is a relatively recent phenomenon dating back to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A possible reason for the change from flake to pebble tool industrial types and in the visibility of sites is the environmental changes and rise in sea level which submerged over half the available land area in the region during the Late Pleistocene. An existing broad spectrum system of exploitation was likely to have been intensified as a result of this.
2
Bower, Bruce. "Stone Age Folk in Asia Adapted to Extremes." Science News 160, no. 1 (July 7, 2001): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012559.
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Reynolds, T. E. G. "Problems in the Stone Age of South-east Asia Revisited." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73 (2007): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the 13 years since ‘Problems in the Stone Age of Southeast Asia’ was published, there has been a number of significant developments. There remains a lack of early cultural material despite the possibility that first occupation of the area may date back as far as 1.8 Myrs. It seems that the first hominins in the region were essentially ‘alithic’ in their adaptation, making the reconstruction of their behaviour extremely difficult. There is also a question as to which hominin was first ‘Out of Africa’ and into Asia and a suggestion that Homo erectus is, in fact, an Asian species that may have migrated west. This has important implications for interpretations of the significance of the so-called ‘Movius Line’. By the time stone tool use does appear regularly in the record, modern humans are present but it is still hard to identify the kinds of directional changes that are associated with the Late Pleistocene elsewhere in the world. The question of when humans were able to exploit tropical forests in the region is also one that recent work explores. The recent discoveries from Flores of stone tools that appear to pre-date the arrival of modern humans, and a possibly associated ‘dwarf’ hominin, Homo floresiensis, all require re-appraisal of the nature of human activity in the region.
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Naznin, Lubna, Debashish Saha, Md Jahangir Chowdhury, Yasmin Akter, Most Sarmin Sultana, and Ashif Chowdhury. "Composition of Renal Stone– An experience at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v12i2.41080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: In Asia the stone belt has been reported to stretch across our neighbouring countries Pakistan, India, Myanmar etc signifies a higher incidence of renal stone disease in Bangladesh.
Objective: To determine the pattern of chemical composition of renal stones by semi-quantitative technique in patients presented to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and to evaluate the predominant constituent present in them.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Chemical pathology department from October 2013 to October 2014. Renal stones of 37 Urolithiasis patients were analyzed chemically, using DiaSys analysis kit, employing titrimetric method for estimation of calcium and colorimetric method for Oxalate, Ammonium, Phosphate, Magnesium, Uric Acid and Cystine. Concentration of each individual component then was expressed in percentage and used to interpret renal stone composition using the calculation scale.
Results: Males were more prone to renal stone disease, having male to female ratio 5.2:1. Urinary stones occur in all age groups, in this study age ranged from 4 to 72 years with mean age 38.8±16.0 years and mostly affected was the working age group 21 to 50 years (70.2%). Mixed components (i.e. mixed stone) rather than a single component was the commonest type constituting 83.8% of all renal stones. The commonest mixed stone found was Calcium Oxalate with Apatite (41.9 %). Pure Calcium Oxalate was the 2nd most common (10.8%) variant followed by Struvite stones (5.4%). Cystine and Brushite were the least common renal stones in this study.
Conclusion: Calcium Oxalate was the most predominant chemical component in renal stones (94.6%). More research is needed to assess the frequency, types, and correlation of renal stones with environmental, dietary and genetic factors in Bangladesh.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 21-25
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Murodova. "The Landscape Factor in the Development of Ancient Stone Age Settlements." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article highlights long-term studies and the source materials obtained from them on the archeology of the Stone Age in Uzbekistan, which is an important component of Central Asia. Based on the analysis, the role and importance of natural landscapes as the main factor in the development of natural landscapes and areas of settlement by ancient communities of the Stone Age are shown.
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Djurakulova, Dilfuza. "Problems of the Genesis of Ancient Stone Age Industries in Central Asia." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 05-SPECIAL ISSUE (May 30, 2020): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp5/20201868.
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Khudiakov, Yu S. "Finding of a Stone Stele with Rare Decoration at the Rschaan-Udsuer-Had Burial Ground in Mongolia." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 716–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0716-0718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is intended to analyze and study a rare finding of a small stone stele found on a surface of archaeological site Rschaan-Udsuer-Had in Mongolia in the beginning of the 1980s. During the archaeological research consisting of the Soviet-Mongolian Historical and Cultural Expedition, the author had a chance to inspect this archaeological site, on the surface of which a low stele with an unconventional decoration was found. A narrow perpendicular stripe dividing the stone base into two unequal parts is embossed on the stone stele. A small circle is embossed on the front-end surface of a smaller part of the stone stele. Possibly, the stone stele may symbolize an ancient anthropomorphic character. Other various ancient objects were found in the site, related to different archaeological cultures. They include an ancient mound khirigsuur, menhirs, and plate entombment of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age located in the Central Asia. We have some reasons to suggest that the stone stele under study, divided by a perpendicular stripe and having an embossed circle on the front-end part, was used to schematically represent an ancient warrior, in whose memory it could be installed. In contrast to the “deer stones”, whereon different kinds of weaponry and military equipment including bows, arrows, gorytoses, swords, and daggers, are represented, this stele does not contain such images. It is possible that this rare finding of the stone stele should be related to pseudo anthropomorphic stone plates preceding ancient and medieval tradition of installing anthropomorphic stone statues.
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Nesterkina, A. L., A. A. Portnova, A. A. Fedorova, and L. Yondri. "The Megalithic Tradition of East and Southeast Asia." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 50, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.3.039-048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We review the scholarship relating to the megalithic tradition of East and Southeast Asia and the results of its archaeological study. The major center of this tradition in East Asia is Korea, where it reveals considerable heterogeneity. In the Bronze Age, it is represented by dolmens and menhirs, and in the later periods by stone tombs, chambers, and pyramidal mounds. The latest megaliths are anthropomorphic statues of the Dolhareubang type, on Jeju Island off the southern tip of the Korean peninsula. Southeast Asian megaliths, which are described in detail, originate from similar structures in East and South Asia while being less known and less accurately dated, and revealing specific features of construction. Owing to the ethnographic sources on local peoples, Southeast Asian megaliths provide valuable data on their layout, function, and associated mythology. We demonstrate common features in megalithic traditions of East and Southeast Asia and their specificity in each region. Principal sources are described, and major trends in the study of megaliths in those territories are outlined. In sum, megaliths of East and Southeast Asia are an independent archaeological phenomenon requiring future studies.
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KIRCHO, L. "OLDEST SEALS OF CENTRAL ASIA (TYPOLOGY, MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY)." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Sciences 23 (2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2020-23-24-36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with systematization of the oldest Central Asian seals that were found at the late Middle Eneolithic — Early Bronze Age settlements of South Turkmenistan. Stone and terracotta flat «seals-amulets» (with a hole in the upper part — fig. 1, 4–13) are characteristic of the Late Eneolithic (Namazga III period, ca. 3150–2800/2700 BC). Images on the front sides of these objects are made by incised lines and/or pyramidal depressions forming cruciform «stepped» patterns. Such «seals-amulets» are known exclusively from Central Asian sites. Flat «seals-buttons» (with two holes in the center) made of clay and bone appear at the very end of the Late Eneolithic (ca. 2800s BC). As is evidenced by the stratigraphy of Altyn-depe, the stone seals of this type are mainly characteristic of the Early Bronze Age (Namazga IV period, ca. 2800/2700–2400/2300 BC). Images on the front sides of «seals-buttons» are made by both incising/engraving (fig. 1, 1–3; 3, 3, 5, 10, 12, 14, 15, 23) and shallow spot drilling (fig. 2, 4, 6–9, 21, 22). «Seals-stamps» (with a suspension eye on the rear side) of terracotta and copper date from the beginning of Early Bronze Age. They bear patterns of drawn lines (fig. 2, 10) or lines combining with circles made by a hollow drill (fig. 2, 11, 13). However, judging by the imprints (fig. 3, 2, 4, 7, 9), the earliest «seals-stamps» were manufactured as early as the end of the Late Eneolithic. Metal «seals- stamps» with high embossed images made in the lost-mould casting technique appear at the very end of the Early Bronze Age (fig. 2, 1) and are characteristic of the Midle Bronze Age (Namazga V period, ca. 2350–2000/1900s BC).
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Wang, Hoyoung, Hoonsub So, Sung Woo Ko, Seok Won Jung, Sung-Jo Bang, and Eun Ji Park. "Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2022): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gallstone is a common health problem. Cholesterol stone accounts for 90% of stones in the United States and Europe, but East Asia has a high proportion of pigment stone. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between modifiable metabolic factors and gallstone in a region with a high prevalence of pigment stone. Among 3159 participants who underwent health screening at Ulsan University Hospital from March 2014 to June 2019, 178 patients were diagnosed with gallstone using abdominal ultrasonography; 2860 participants were selected as a control group. Demographic and laboratory data, and a medical questionnaire were obtained. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in the gallstone group. Age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, visceral fat index, normal-attenuated muscle area index, and engaging in vigorous exercise for ≥2 days per week were associated with gallstone by univariate analysis. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.98), and 2 or more days of vigorous exercise per week (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.95) remained significant. The association persisted after adjusted analysis for age and sex. HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were positively associated with the gallstone. Vigorous exercise for at least 2 days weekly may be related to a lower risk of gallstone formation.
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Desai, Rajendra, Earnest Daniel Prasad, Satyanarayana G., Lakshmi V., and Nayana Joshi. "A study of etiology and role of bacteria in the pigment gall stone diseases at a tertiary care hospital." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Calculus disease of the biliary tract continues to be a significant health problem. Pigment stones are more common in Eastern studies. Predisposing factors such as cirrhosis, ileal resection are commonly seen in the West; while infection as a cause predominates in South East Asia. In this study we prospectively studied Pigment gall stones to examine the causes for and the role of bacteria in pigment Gall stone diseaseMethods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out from January 1992 to December 1994 at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was taken. Informed consent was obtained from all selected patients. During the study period a total of 25 consecutive patients with Pigment gall stones were analyzed. Details were recorded in a proforma. Stones were collected from the Gall Bladder with aseptic precautions.Results: Total of 25 patients included, wherein 13 (52%) males and 12 (48%) females. The Median age was 55.5 years and the mean age was 50.2 years. Of 25 patients 11 (44%) had black pigment stones and 14 (56%) had brown stones. 22 (88%) patients presented with biliary colic, and 8 (32%) presented with chronic cholecystitis. At surgery 14 (56%) had a thickened wall suggesting inflammation, 7 (28%) had edema. Bile culture was positive in 11 (44%) patients and stone culture in 5 (20%) patient. Twenty two of 25 patients (88%) had evidence of bacteria on electron microscopy.Conclusions: Whether black stones are associated with higher infection rates or bacteria cause black stones – this question probably would never be answered either on the bench or in the clinicians ward. We, however, can definitely say they are intimately related.
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Carter, Alison Kyra. "Beads, Exchange Networks and Emerging Complexity: A Case Study from Cambodia and Thailand (500 bce–ce 500)." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 733–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Control over the exchange of prestige goods is an important component of emerging socio-political complexity in many ancient societies. During the Iron Age period (500 bce–ce 500), communities in mainland Southeast Asia were undergoing rapid socio-political changes, due in part to new interactions with societies from South Asia. As objects made from exotic raw materials and using complex technologies, stone and glass beads are one type of prestige object from South Asia that were exchanged widely across Southeast Asia. This study examines beads from 12 sites in Cambodia and Thailand. Morphological and compositional analyses using LA-ICP-MS resulted in the identification of different bead types that were circulated in distinct exchange networks. Initially, beads were exchanged within a pre-existing South China Sea network. However, as trade with South Asia intensified in the late Iron Age, exchange networks in Southeast Asia expanded, with an increase in the quantities of beads circulated. These results show the utility of studying beads as a means of examining trade and emerging socio-political complexity. Lastly, in considering evidence for control over the exchange of beads, I propose looking to an emerging state in the Mekong Delta.
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Ramesh, N. R. "Discovery of stone age tools from Tripura and its relevance to the Prehistory of Southeast Asia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 20 (August 30, 1986): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm20198616.
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ALEKSHIN, V. "BRONZE AGE CROSS-SHAPED STONE BEADS OF CENTRAL ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST (REVISITING THE DATING OF ZAMANBABA CULTURE)." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Sciences 23 (2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2020-23-37-51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The excavations of the Zamanbaba cemetery (belonging to the culture of the same name) in the ancient delta of the Zeravshan river (Bronze Age, South Uzbekistan) yielded 10 cross-shaped stone beads. The author of this paper thinks that the center for the production of such beads ap- peared in Northwestern Afghanistan at the end of the first quarter of the III mil. BC, after which they found their way to the south of Afghanistan (Mundigak) and to Southwestern Tajikistan (Farkhor). No items of this type are known to have been found in the regions lying to the south and southeast of Mundigak, while in the western (Tepe Hissar) and southwestern (Susa) regions of Middle East they and their replicas are represented by single finds only. They were mainly exported to the northwestern (Altyn-depe, Ulug-depe, Khapuz-depe, Parkhai II), northern (Za- manbaba) and northeastern (Farkhor) regions of Central Asia. Single beads could reach (probably, through multistage exchange) very distant lands, as is evidenced by the finds of analogous artifacts at the Sopka-2/4A cemetery in Southwestern Siberia, which can possibly be dated to the second quarter of the III mil. BC. The period of existence of cross-shaped stone beads in Central Asia embraces a long span of time from the end of the first quarter of the III mil. BC to the end of the first quarter of the II mil. BC. Therefore they cannot help to narrow the date of Zamanbaba culture.
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Vishnyatsky, Leonid B. "The Origins of Homo Bellicosus (Armed Violence and Warfare in the Stone Age)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 3 (2021): 845–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review and analysis of the main archaeological and paleoanthropological markers of armed violence in the period from the emergence of the first stone tools (Lower Paleolithic, ca. 3 mya) to the appearance of metalworking (Eneolithic, ca. 5 kya). This evidence is then used as a basis for assessing the dynamics of armed violence on the chronological scale. Until now this subject has received little attention in the Russian scholarship (in contrast to the Western one). Empirically, the paper is focused on the materials from three Old World continents: Africa, Europe and Asia. Particular attention is given to the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic human skeletal remains bearing the marks of traumas inflicted by weapons, including bones with embedded projectiles. The available evidence makes it possible to try to ascertain the main shifts in the historical dynamics of armed violence during the Stone Age. Its role appears to have substantially increased at least twice: first, at the turn of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic and, second, in the Late Neolithic / Early Eneolithic, that is at the turn of the Stone Age and Early Metal Period. It was exactly during this period that Homo bellicosus for the first time enters the arena of history not as an occasional and secondary actor, but as the main cast. Material and ideological changes and novelties serving to and associated with armed violence and warfare, that can be observed from the end of the Neolithic, are clearly indicative of the process of militarization of culture.
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Sulaksono, Tommy, Syakri Syahrir, and Muhammad Asykar Palinrungi. "Profile of urinary tract stone in Makassar, Indonesia." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 4758. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Urinary tract stone disease (urolithiasis) is still a significant health issue throughout the world. In Asia, regions with very high urolithiasis incidence stretch from Sudan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, and Philippines. Demographic and regional variations in cases of urolithiasis may provide clues to their etiology and prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of urolithiasis patients and their management in Makassar.Methods: This was a single centre retrospective descriptive study using data from patient medical records at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar in 2015-2017. Patients’ demographic, clinical, and management characteristics were recorded.Results: From 1,166 urolithiasis patients, author found men were more dominant than women with ratio of 2.2: 1. Age distribution were more common in the range of 40-60 years (58.32%). The distribution of patients with high Body Mass Index (BMI) were relatively common included overweight 20.5% and obese 13.81%. The majority of cases were unilateral urolithiasis (89.28%), with stones were largely found in kidney (59.41%). Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) was the method more commonly performed (48.13%) followed by lithotripsy.Conclusions: This study showed that urolithiasis were commonly found in the age group of 40-60 years, predominantly male, and high BMI were relatively common. The majority of cases were unilateral urolithiasis, mostly located in kidney. Urolithiasis were mostly managed by ESWL and lithotripsy.
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VASILIEV, S. A. "SERGEI NIKITICH ASTAKHOV (1933-2020) - AN EXPLORER OF THE STONE AGE OF NORTHERN, EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Science, no. 24 (2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2021-24-7-17.
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Haynes, Gary. "Late Quaternary Proboscidean Sites in Africa and Eurasia with Possible or Probable Evidence for Hominin Involvement." Quaternary 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat5010018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a list of >100 publicly known late Quaternary proboscidean sites that have certain or possible traces of hominin utilization in Africa, Europe, and Asia, along with a sample of references, chronometric or estimated ages, and brief descriptions of the associated materials and bone modifications. Summary discussions of important sites are also presented. Lower Palaeolithic/Early Stone Age hominins created far fewer proboscidean site assemblages than hominins in later Palaeolithic phases, in spite of the time span being many times longer. Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age hominins created assemblages at eight times the earlier hominin rate. Upper Palaeolithic/Later Stone Age hominins created site assemblages at >90 times the rate of Lower Palaeolithic hominins. Palaeoloxodon spp. occur in nearly one third of the sites with an identified or probable proboscidean taxon and Mammuthus species are in nearly one half of the sites with identified or probable taxon. Other identified proboscidean genera, such as Elephas, Loxodonta, and Stegodon, occur in few sites. The sites show variability in the intensity of carcass utilization, the quantity of lithics bedded with bones, the extent of bone surface modifications, such as cut marks, the diversity of associated fauna, and mortality profiles.
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Kusliy, Mariya A., Nadezhda V. Vorobieva, Alexey A. Tishkin, Alexey I. Makunin, Anna S. Druzhkova, Vladimir A. Trifonov, Tumur-O. Iderkhangai, and Alexander S. Graphodatsky. "Traces of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mongolian Horse Mitochondrial Lineages in Modern Populations." Genes 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Mongolian horse is one of the most ancient and relatively unmanaged horse breeds. The population history of the Mongolian horse remains poorly understood due to a lack of information on ancient and modern DNA. Here, we report nearly complete mitochondrial genome data obtained from five ancient Mongolian horse samples of the Khereksur and Deer Stone culture (late 2nd to 1st third of the 1st millennium BC) and one ancient horse specimen from the Xiongnu culture (1st century BC to 1st century AD) using target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing methods. Phylogenetic analysis involving ancient, historical, and modern mitogenomes of horses from Mongolia and other regions showed the presence of three mitochondrial haplogroups in the ancient Mongolian horse populations studied here and similar haplotype composition of ancient and modern horse populations of Mongolia. Our results revealed genetic continuity between the Mongolian horse populations of the Khereksur and Deer Stone culture and those of the Xiongnu culture owing to the presence of related mitotypes. Besides, we report close phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes of the Khereksur and Deer Stone horses and the horses of indigenous breeds of the Middle East (Caspian and Iranian), China (Naqu, Yunnan, and Jinjiang), and Italy (Giara) as well as genetic similarity between the Xiongnu Mongolian horses and those of the most ancient breeds of the Middle East (Arabian) and Central Asia (Akhal-Teke). Despite all the migrations of the Mongolian peoples over the past 3000 years, mitochondrial haplogroup composition of Mongolian horse populations remains almost unchanged.
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Dulal, Lok Nath. "Sculpture of Panchayan Deities of National Museum: An Illustrative Stone Work of Nepal." International Journal of Culture and History 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v9i1.19534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Historical evidence proves the history of sculpturing art is as old as the history of human beings. The findings of stone sculpture and other forms of art from the different prehistoric sites of Europe, Africa and Asia have strongly supported the above mentioned acquaintance. It means the tradition of sculpturing stone art has evolved from the pre- historic culture in the world. Likewise, the tradition of creating stone sculpture and other forms of stone art also existed from the pre- historic age in Nepalese society. It is justified through the findings of hand axes and other different art objects which are being displayed in the National Museum. There are some noteworthy illustrations of Nepalese stone art in different museums abroad and in Nepal as well. Out of Nepalese stone sculptures, Panchayan deities of the national museum are considered an important specimen through religious, cultural, style, skill and technological perspectives. In this stone panel the figures of Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, Ganesh and goddess have been depicted. In Nepal, there are plenty of sculptures and paintings of these gods and goddess in single and with their families as well. But such a sculpture of this kind which has been exhibited in the stone work section of the national museum is very rare. Therefore, it is claimed that the panel is one of the important sculptures of Panchayan gods of Nepal. In this article, regarding the different issues of such sculptures going to be examined.
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Bae, Kidong. "Radiocarbon Dates from Paleolithic Sites in Korea." Radiocarbon 44, no. 2 (2002): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fewer than 20 radiocarbon dates have been obtained from Paleolithic sites on the Korean Peninsula. It is still unknown how and when Korean Middle Paleolithic stone industries developed, despite the handful of dates older than 40,000 BP obtained from some sites. A lower boundary for the Korean Upper Paleolithic of approximately 30,000 BP can be inferred from the few dates associated with stone blade industries. 14C dates associated with microlithic industries of 24,000 BP are considered too old in light of evidence from other areas of East Asia. Most such assemblages are post-Last Glacial Maximum in age. Improved understanding of the Korean Paleolithic sequence will depend ultimately on the further accumulation of 14C dates, as well as the application of alternative dating techniques and attention to the reconstruction of site formation process.
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Chang, Yongjoon. "The Diffusion and Significance of People of the Korean Peninsula to the Japanese archipelago during the Paleolithic Age." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 80 (January 30, 2018): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.80.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Japanese archipelago began to be occupied by people for the first time after the people migrated from the Korean Peninsula in the Paleolithic Age. Peopling of Japan is presumed to be around the middle Paleolithic or late Paleolithic. There was the Korea strait between the two areas, the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelgo, and it used to be limited for coming and going for the people. However, the sea level changes throughout the Upper Pleistocene caused different patterns in human migration and interaction. In both areas, similar types of stone tools including tanged point, bilateral point, stemmed point, and composite point have been excavated in the late Paleolithic period. It is assumed that these types of stone tools might have been transmitted to Japan from the Korean peninsula. Paleolithic people of the Japanese archipelago were influenced by the stone technique of the Korean peninsula, but made their tools with the local raw materials. Paleolithic people utilized blades and microblades which were common in Northeast Asia. The various shapes of projectile points of the Japanese archipelago found in the Late Paleolithic layers could be influenced by the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, it can be assumed that the hunting method to throw a spear were transferred from the Korean peninsula to the Japanese archipelago based of the technological evidence. The manufacturing techniques of the points verify that they were from the Korean peninsula eventhough the tools were made of the local raw materials. Based on the technological tradition, I conclude that the people who lived on the Korean Peninsula crossed the Korea Strait for the first time during the end of the Middle to the Late Paleolithic.
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Kircho, Liubov. "On the function of so called stone lamps from the Bronze Age of South Central Asia and Middle East." Transactions of the Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Science 18 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2018-18-20-27.
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Korneva, T. V. "Geometric Images on Pebbles and Stone Tablets in the Paleolithic of Northern Eurasia: Comparative Analysis and Possibilities of Interpretation." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 41 (2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is devoted to geometric images (also called “abstract” and “non-figurative”) on pebbles and stone tablets that are represented in the context of cave and open Paleolithic sites of Europe and Russia. Terms such as “geometric image” and “symbolic image” reflect different approaches to the study of non-figurative images - morphological and semiotic. Geometric images chronologically appeared earlier than figurative ones: the first evidence of nonutilitarian activity in the form of notches and strokes is known at the sites of the Acheulean time, and for the Middle Paleolithic their number reached several dozen. With the onset of the Upper Paleolithic, the heyday of Paleolithic art begins. Since the Magdalenian, there has been a sharp development of non-figurative art, which reached its apogee in the final Paleolithic. It was during this period that Azil pebbles appeared, and geometric images on stones became serial and standardized, primarily in Western Europe. Pebbles and stone tablets with signs are found on the territory of Central and Eastern Europe, the Urals and Siberia, up to Kamchatka. Some geometric images are found both in mobile and in rock art, but in most cases, it is impossible to consider the signs separately from the object on which they are applied. Pebbles and stone tablets are usually decorated with different motifs. They existed in different contexts and cultures: tablets were more often used as a base in the Magdalenian, and pebbles – in the Azilian. They probably had different meanings and were created for different purposes. The technique of image creation was also important: it is no accident that drawings made with paint rarely have analogies among engraved images, even within the one site. The application of the semiotic approach allows us to identify groups of images that can be considered elements of sign systems. The Azilian pebbles of Western Europe can be attributed to the sign systems. Stone objects with geometric images from Eastern Europe and Siberia do not form such a unity: they are represented by single artifacts, diverse in morphology, age, technique and the type of the stone object. Some objects found at the sites of the Northern Asia, from the Urals to Kamchatka, show similarities with European artifacts. However, such examples are rare, and similar stones with geometric images were found at sites very remote from each other, so it is too early to draw conclusions about their relationship.
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Skeates, Robin. "Embodiment and visual reproduction in the Neolithic: the case of stamped symbols." Documenta Praehistorica 35 (December 31, 2008): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.35.13.
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This paper explores the cultural and conceptual dimensions of ceramic (and stone) stamps found at Neolithic and Copper Age sites in Western Asia and Southern Europe, dating to between the eighth and third millennia BC. Based upon a recent study of their archaeological deposition contexts, their surviving forms and regional variations in their style, they are discussed here in terms of their biographies, their reciprocal relations with people, and their embeddedness in cultural processes. More specifically, they are interpreted with reference to a pair of key cultural processes that characterise the material culture of Neolithic Eurasia: embodiment and visual reproduction.
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Bartczak, Marcel. "Stone Age Archaeological Sites in the Landscape. Monumentalisation of Sites on the South Korea Example." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica, no. 34 (December 30, 2019): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.34.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to show selected ways of presenting Stone Age archaeological sites in the landscape. The forms of prehistoric archaeological sites monumentalisation in South Korea served as an example here. Displaying Stone Age sites in the landscape is popular in Korea, especially where no remains of former human activity visible in the landscape have been preserved. Establishing reserves, museums and monuments nearby an explored archaeological site is very important for the majority of stakeholders in South Korea. Patriotic factor plays an important role here as for the society in general getting to know the oldest history of the Korean Peninsula is very important, due to the people’s attachment to their tradition and culture. The sites described in this article are among the best-known by the researchers and the general public in South Korea. The Sorori site, showing first attempts at rice domestication, was discovered thanks to site prospection carried out before the construction of an industrial complex. The Suyanggae site is the biggest Palaeolithic flint workshop located in the Korean Peninsula, discovered during the rescue excavations connected with construction of a dam on the South Han River. The Jeongok site – one of the most important sites in Eastern Asia due to the discovery of the first Acheulian-type handaxe outside the borders of the Movius line – was accidentally discovered by an American pilot from the nearby military base. All three sites of prehistoric human activity are very important for the world of science as well as for entities responsible for the protection of cultural heritage, being a model for ways of managing museums, reserves, and culture parks established at excavation sites. What is more, in the article a short presentation of developing rescue archaeology is provided, related to rapid industrialization of South Korea.
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Haslam, Michael, Richard G. Roberts, Ceri Shipton, J. N. Pal, Jacqueline L. Fenwick, Peter Ditchfield, Nicole Boivin, A. K. Dubey, M. C. Gupta, and Michael Petraglia. "Late Acheulean hominins at the Marine Isotope Stage 6/5e transition in north-central India." Quaternary Research 75, no. 3 (May 2011): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSingle-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating was applied to Late Quaternary sediments at two sites in the Middle Son Valley, Madhya Pradesh, India. Designated Bamburi 1 and Patpara, these sites contain Late Acheulean stone tool assemblages, which we associate with non-modern hominins. Age determinations of 140–120 ka place the formation of these sites at around the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6–5 transition, placing them among the youngest Acheulean sites in the world. We present here the geochronology and sedimentological setting of these sites, and consider potential implications of Late Pleistocene archaic habitation in north-central India for the initial dispersal of modern humans across South Asia.
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Gandhi, Himank, Gopal Swaroop Bhargava, Darpan Bansal, and Karaninder Singh. "Morphological spectrum of gallstone and bacteriology of bile in patient of cholelithiasis visiting tertiary care centre in North India." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205821.
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Background: Calculus biliary tract disease continues to be a major health concern. It is normal to see predisposing factors such as cirrhosis, ileal resection in the West; while infection predominates in South East Asia as a cause. We prospectively examined gall stones in this study to investigate the causes and role of bacteria in the disease of gall stone disease.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in department of surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Sri Amritsar, India, from November 2018-August 2020. Total 50 cases were selected and operated by lap/open cholecystectomy were included in this study. During cholecystectomy bile was aspirated and was sent to laboratory for culture. Gallstone retrieved from the specimen was classified based on morphological appearance. Results: Gallstone disease found to be common in female 92% and in the age group of 4-50 years. Bile of gallstones patients is often infected. In this study though morphologically cholesterol stones were commonest but mixed stones were associated with highest infection rates. Most common bile infecting bacterium in all kinds of stones was found to be E. coli 60.8% followed by klebsiella 17.3% and proteus 17.3%. All the organisms cultured were sensitive to cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides and penicillin group of antibiotics.Conclusions: Bile culture was positive in 46% of the cases. Morphologically cholesterol stones were commonest 52% but mixed stones were associated with highest infection rates (80%). Most common bile infecting bacterium in all kinds of stones was found to be E. coli.
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Mamkin, A. M., and V. E. Belousov. "New Data on Massive Paleometal Era Stone Sacral Objects of the Early Iron Age in East Baikal Asia and East Transbaikal Regions." Humanitarian Vector. Series History, Political Sciences 11, no. 4 (2016): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2307-1842-2016-11-4-104-116.
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Kuzmin, Yaroslav V. "Geoarchaeological Analysis of Northeast Asian Stone Age – Review of V.V. Pitul’ko and E.Y. Pavlova. Geoarchaeology & Radiocarbon Chronology of Stone Age Northeast Asia. 2016. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN: 978-1-62349-330-1; xv+222 pages, with 54 illustrations and 26 tables." Radiocarbon 60, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): xi—xiv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.86.
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Perrot, Sylvain. "The Musical Culture of the Western Greeks, according to Epigraphical Evidence." Greek and Roman Musical Studies 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22129758-12341254.
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AbstractInscriptions concerning musicians in and from Magna Graecia illuminate the musical life of the Western Greeks. There are chronological restrictions; all the inscriptions were written in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, none in Archaic and Classical times. We shall consider resemblances and differences between them and those of mainland Greece and Asia Minor, and relationships between Magna Graecia and Rome. Many inscriptions are honorific decrees for victors in local and Panhellenic musical contests, notably at Delphi. Others are lists of participants, whose commonest musical specialisms were also, perhaps, the most popular. Some reveal the functions of musicians in sanctuaries. Funerary inscriptions, not always evoking the music of the elites, mention composers as well as performers, identifying their gender, age and social status. Some are in verse, elucidating the Western Greeks’ conception of µουσική itself, and their poetic techniques for expressing on a stone the feelings of a musical soul.
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Pak, Yangjin. "Emergence and Development of the Pedestal Vessels in Northeast Asia." Hoseo Archaeological Society 52 (June 30, 2022): 112–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2022.52.112.
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This paper aims to discuss the introduction of the pedestal vessels to northeast China and their change and development in this region. Pedestal vessels, sometimes called dou, were used to offer, display, and distribute food and seem to have appeared for the first time in southern China during the early period of the Neolithic culture, probably around the 6th millennium B.C.E. The pedestal pottery quickly became popular in the societies of the middle and late phase of the Neolithic Age culture in this area and spread to those in the middle reaches of the Yangzi River as well. Among the Neolithic societies in north China, those in lower reaches of Yellow River began to use pedestal vessels for the first time. It is quite possible that the first pedestal bowels in the Houli culture of Shandong was influenced by the pedestal pottery culture from the south in the lower Yangzi river valley. The pedestal pottery not only continued to be used in the societies of the middle and late phase of the Neolithic culture in Shandong but also spread to those in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Thus, the pedestal vessels were used throughout north and south China by the middle phase of the Neolithic period. In northeast China, the pedestal vessels are found for the first time in two different areas. In the Xiaozhushan Ⅲculture of the 4th millennium B.C.E. in the southern tip of Liaodong peninsula pedestal vessels appeared along with ding and gui tripods and they are very similar to those of the contemporary Dawenkou culture in Shandong peninsula. This new change in pottery was made possible under the direct influence of the Dawenkou culture. These vessels continued to be used in the late phase of the Neolithic period in Liaodong peninsula. Another area in which pedestal vessels were used for the first time in northeast China is western Liaoning and southeastern Inner Mongolia. At the Dongshanzui religious site in Kazuo, western Liaoning, many pedestal vessels were found together with terracotta statues of pregnant woman, circular and rectangular altars, and stone building structures. It is clear that these vessels were used as ritual paraphernalia during religious activities. Pedestal vessels became more widespread in some of the Bronze Age societies in northeast China. In western Liaoning and southeastern Inner Mongolia, Pedestal bowels or dishes are found in the Lower Xiajiadian culture as well as the subsequent Weiyingzi, Upper Xiajiadian, and Shi'ertaiyingzi culture. In particular, pedestal dishes are found in relatively large numbers together with human sacrifices in ash pits of the Xiaoheishigou site of the Upper Xiajiadian culture in southeastern Inner Mongolia. It is clear that these pedestal dishes were closely related to this particular type of ritual activities, as they are hardly included as part of mortuary goods in the graves of this culture. The only exception is a bronze pot connected with six surrounding pedestal bowls that was discovered in Tomb No.8501 in Xiaoheishigou, Inner Mongolia. In the lower reaches of Liao River as well as in Liaodong peninsula, pedestal vessels were used in most Bronze Age societies in different frequencies. Again, in the middle of the 2nd millennium B.C.E. the Yueshi pottery culture of Shandong peninsula made a strong effect on the Shuangtuozi II culture of Liaodong peninsula, and as a result, the pedestal vessels are similar to each other in style. In the Xituanshan culture of central Jilin, pedestal vessels were used in limited numbers and so were in eastern Jilin of the Tuman River valley in the second half of the Bronze Age culture. In contrast to the tripod vessels, the pedestal vessels never made their appearance in the present-day Heilongjiang during the Bronze Age. It is interesting, however, that in the Tuanjie- Krounovka culture of eastern Heilongjiang, eastern Jilin, northeast Korea and southern Maritime area of Russia, pedestal vessels became very popular,
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Beyin, Amanuel. "Upper Pleistocene Human Dispersals out of Africa: A Review of the Current State of the Debate." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (May 5, 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/615094.
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Although there is a general consensus on African origin of early modern humans, there is disagreement about how and when they dispersed to Eurasia. This paper reviews genetic and Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic archaeological literature from northeast Africa, Arabia, and the Levant to assess the timing and geographic backgrounds of Upper Pleistocene human colonization of Eurasia. At the center of the discussion lies the question of whether eastern Africa alone was the source of Upper Pleistocene human dispersals into Eurasia or were there other loci of human expansions outside of Africa? The reviewed literature hints at two modes of early modern human colonization of Eurasia in the Upper Pleistocene: (i) from multiple Homo sapiens source populations that had entered Arabia, South Asia, and the Levant prior to and soon after the onset of the Last Interglacial (MIS-5), (ii) from a rapid dispersal out of East Africa via the Southern Route (across the Red Sea basin), dating to ~74–60 kya.
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Jibladze, Leri. "Contacts of Bronze - Early Iron Age Archaeological Cultures with Synchronous Cultures of the Outer World (General overview)." South Caucasus – Archaeological Context, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52147/2667-9353/2021-1-109-127.
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The Eneolithic and Bronze-Early Iron Age cultures prevalent in the territory of Western Georgia do not seem to be isolated from the archeological cultures of the outside world, but there are observed quite close contact-relations between them. In the Eneolithic Age, with pottery and one group of stone artifacts, there are close contacts with Upper Imereti and pre-Maykop materials. The touching points are also revealed between the Dolmen and Proto-Colchian cultures. According to some of the metal artefacts of Upper Svaneti and Upper Racha (Brill Cemetery), contacts are observed with the materials of the Maykop and Digoria cultural materials…., Which took place through communication routes leading to some of the passes of the Central Caucasus Range. We have met elements of Mtkvari-Araks and Proto-Colchian cultures in Dablagomi settlement (Samtredia region). With some of the materials found in Colchis, some contacts are revealed with the Beden culture existing on the territory of Shida Kartli. In the territory of Western Georgia (Adjara, Eastern Colchis) mainly in the composition of bronze treasures are found the axes from Central Transcaucasian, which must have gotten here as a result of the relations between the populations of Western and Eastern Georgia. Imported pottery found in southwestern Colchis (Makhvilauri hill-settlement) reveals certain relations with the Proto-Hittite world. The connections with separate artifacts of Bronze Age ceramic materials found in Colchis with materials from Asia Minor can be seen.
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S., Shnaider, Ashastina K., Alisher kyzy S., Sayfullaev N., Zakabluk G., Chernonosov A., Splengler R., and Zotkina L. "The Results of the Complex Study of the Kurteke Site (Eastern Pamir)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 4 (December 2021): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The materials of most of the archaeological sites of the Eastern Pamirs are known from lifting samples. One of them is the Kurteke rock shelter, that was discovered in 1960 by V.A. Ranov. At that time at the site there were distinguished two cultural layers dated to the Neolithic-Eneolithic and Eneolithic-Bronze period. This site is also interesting because on the walls of the rock shelter , directly above the cultural layers there are rock paintings of anthropomorphic and geometric figures. Modern data have shown that the first layer associated with the settlement of the site belongs to the final Pleistocene (older than 13 thousand years ago). In the course of the new stage of the study, palynological and carpological analysis of the soil, the study of undetectable faunal remains using the ZooMS method, and the documentation of rock carvings of the site were carried out. A comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the Kurteke materials showed that the stone industry presented here is typical of the mountainous part of Central Asia; the climate during both periods of human settlement of the site was arid, and despite the presence of cereal plants, no direct indications of their domestication were found; the faunistic composition of the site is represented by taxa typical for the territory of the Eastern Pamirs today; in the rock art there are images common in the territory of Central and Central Asia in the Bronze Age.
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Komissarov, S. A., E. A. Solovieva, A. V. Tabarev, and A. I. Soloviev. "The main stages of the ancient history of Japan (materials for educational course "Archaeology of overseas Asia")." Archaeology and Ethnography 17, no. 5 (2018): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-5-9-20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This review of the main publications about the problems of Japanese archaeology (from Paleolithic epoch up to the period of Kofun culture) represents teaching materials for students with specialty in archaeology (within the course «Archaeology of overseas Asia») and with specialty in oriental studies (within the course «History and culture of Japan»). Taking into account the main task of this publication – namely, support for educational process – authors of this review, first of all, engaged most authoritative summarizing editions, because their conceptions and conclusions passed through necessary approbation and were maintained by the greater part of academic community. The main problems under discussion in Japanese archaeology are as follows: chronology of the first inhabitation of Archipelago; classification of the stone implements according technologies of production and ways of usage; early ceramics in the context of Northeast Asian archaeology; the origin of Ainu and their predecessors; beginning of agriculture and development of bronze and iron metallurgy; semantics of dogu and haniva figurines; characteristics of megalithic monuments; attribution of «horse-rider culture»; correlation between ethno-linguistic and archaeological data; using of historical records for interpretation of excavated relics; the routes of ancient migrations etc. As a result, this review of ancient past of Japan obviously demonstrates that so called isolation of insular population had quiet relative character. During thousands and thousands years, islanders came into contacts with bearers of different cultures of Eurasian mainland and island part of it, as well. The result of these permanent cultural exchanges served as foundation for creation of Japanese ethnos. In certain periods the contacts were more intensive along Northern, or Southern routes; the most significant way went through Korean Peninsula. For Siberian archaeologists the matter of special interest is represented by the finds of early ceramics on Honshu and in East Amur area; by analogies between cultures of Archipelago and Maritime regions of Russia (including Sakhalin and Kuril Islands) in Early Iron Age; by similarities between «Old-kurgans’ culture» at Japan and those in Central Asia. In selection of published materials for this review the preference was given to those available for teachers and students in the universities’ libraries or through free Internet access (published mostly in Russian and English as working languages).
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Pal, Mahendra. "Clonorchiasis: An emerging foodborne disease of public health concern." Nutrition and Food Processing 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Foodborne diseases caused by multiple etiologic agents are prevalent worldwide affecting both sexes and all age groups. Clonorchiasis is considered as an emerging major foodborne disease of public health problem as about 35 million people are infected globally. It is a foodborne helminthic zoonosis of a greater socioeconomic importance in several countries of Asia. The disease is caused by Clonorchis sinensis, which is a trematode. The infection occurs by the consumption of raw or inadequately cooked fish contaminated with metacercaria of the parasite. The clinical spectrum of disease in humans depends on the burden of parasites. In severe infections, jaundice, cholangitis, ascites, cholecystitis, formation of gall stone, and gastrointestinal bleeding are observed. Maximum cases are observed in males than females, and infection is serious in elderly persons. The diagnosis of disease can be confirmed by parasitological technique. Presently, praziquantel is the drug of choice as it has shown high cure rates in endemic areas. The education campaigns regarding the consumption of properly cooked fish and avoidance of faecal matter to ponds as a fish food are practical strategies that may help to control the disease.
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Chekha, A. N. "Stone Industry of Layer 2 at Ust’-Kutarey Site (North Angara Region)." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 3 (2019): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-3-62-73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. There are many archaeological sites located in the North Angara region. Although this territory has been investigated since 18th century, most intensive work was done during rescue archaeological works on Boguchany hydroelectric power station in 2008–2011. One of the valuable sources of artifacts is the Kutarey site. Our work contains a brief analysis of stone industries of the Kutarey River Mouth site. The main goal of this work is to apply technical and typological analysis to mark the specificity of the stone industries of layer 2 of the Kutarey River Mouth site in comparison with the results that had been previously published on layer 3 in the context of new data of this region in terms of ceramics complexes. We introduce a previously unpublished collection of stone artifacts of layer 2 of the Kutarey River Mouth site, which significantly extends the source base of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in this region. Results. The Kutarey River Mouth site is located on the left bank of the Angara River, 15 km down from the Kezhma village, on the right bank of the Kutarey River. The location was found in 1974 by N. I. Drozdov and his squad. The site was further investigated in 2008 and in 2010 by an IAE SB RAS squad (guided by A. N. Savin). Firstly, the site was determined as a Neolithic location, but as result of 2010 excavations three Neolithic-Middle Age cultural horizons were discovered. In the context of the difficulties connected with conducting investigations in this region, namely an open location, a low stratigraphy situation, a high extend of technogenic interruption, the materials of layer 3 are most perspective due to a high grade of saturation of the artifacts and minimal technogenic interruptions. These materials belong to the Neolithic and Paleometal Era. In order to clarify cultural and chronological specificity of this complex, it is necessary to analyze materials from layer 2. The stone industry of layer 2 is represented by retouching microblades, bladelets, tools for blades, flakes, scrapers including one microscraper, bifaces, several adzes, axes, and one piercing tool. Of special interest are blade points and trihedral and tetrahedral points. Conclusion. Our technical and typological analyses show that in comparison to layer 3, layer 2 is characterized by a small number of massive axes and adzes, no flints, few double scrapers, and only volume splitting tools aimed mainly at obtaining a small blade. Also, despite the fact that the core of the collection is the product of the hornstones of local origin, we observe a significant increase in the percentage of artifacts made of flint (13 %), which may indicate some new commodity strategies. The most interesting analogy can be traced with the dedicated Upper Kolyma Early Holocene complex, which contained blade points widely distributed in Northeast Asia and was present directly or indirectly in the materials from Chukotka (Verkhnetirsky IV and Nizhnechutinsky IV), Yakutia (Olbinski burial ground, Jubilee), Kamchatka (the Ushki I–IV layer, Avacha 1,9). This complex is believed to belong to specific Volbinsky traditions, which formed in the first half of the Holocene, about 8800–6000 years ago. It is also worth comparing these materials with other Kutarey sites – Sen’kin (Siniy) Kamen’, Ruchei Povarny, Gora Kutarey and adjacent territories.
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Corvinus, Gudrun. "Homo erectus in East and Southeast Asia, and the questions of the age of the species and its association with stone artifacts, with special attention to handaxe-like tools." Quaternary International 117, no. 1 (January 2004): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(03)00124-1.
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Миклашевич, Е. А. "SIMILARITY OF THE EARLIEST ROCK ART IN SOUTH SIBERIA AND CENTRAL ASIA AND THE ISSUE OF THEIR ATTRIBUTION." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 261 (December 4, 2020): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.261.82-98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Статья посвящена проблеме хронологической атрибуции самых ранних наскальных изображений нескольких сопредельных регионов Южной Сибири и Центральной Азии: Минусинской котловины, Горного Алтая, Северо-Западной Монголии, Западного Саяна и Южной Тувы (рис. 1-4). Рассматривается общность стиля, иконографии и репертуара основных анималистических образов; обсуждаются характер и причины этого сходства. Составлена карта распространения наскальных изображений древнейшего пласта (рис. 5). Актуальность проблемы их датирования заключается в том, что они не имеют археологических «привязок», поскольку до сих пор не обнаружено изобразительных материалов подобного стиля в закрытых комплексах. Можно лишь утверждать, что они древнее изображений окуневско-каракольской традиции. Исследователями предлагались разные датировки - от верхнего палеолита до эпохи ранней бронзы; предлагалась атрибуция афанасьевской культуре, но пока ни одна из версий не выглядит достаточно обоснованной. По мнению автора, вероятность принадлежности этого изобразительного пласта к эпохе камня довольно высока, однако для более узкого определения еще недостаточно данных. Пути решения проблемы требуют пополнения корпуса источников, более точного документирования памятников, применения междисциплинарных исследований, в том числе методов прямого датирования (например, уран-ториевое датирование перекрывающего наскальные рисунки кальцита и др.). The paper deals with the issue of chronological attribution of the earliest rock art in several adjacent regions of South Siberia and Central Asia such as the Minusinsk Depression, the Altai Republic, northwestern Mongolia, Western Sayan Mountains and southern Tuva (Fig. 1-4). It reviews shared stylistical traits, iconography and repertoire of main animalistic images discussing the nature and causes of this similarity. It also provides a map showing distribution of the rock images from the earliest layer (Fig. 5). Relevance of the issue of their dating is explained by the fact that they do not have any archaeological «links» as no figurative materials of this style have been discovered in closed assemblages. We can only argue that they are older than the images attributed to the Okunevo-Karakol traditions. Scholars have proposed various dates ranging from the Upper Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age; the attribution to the Afanasyevo culture has been proposed; however, so far, none of the versions seems well justified. In the author’s opinion, probability of this figurative layer dating to the Stone Age is quite high, though there are no sufficient data to narrow down the time interval. To address this issue, it is necessary to expand the corps of sources, make more accurate records of the sites and conduct interdisciplinary studies including use of direct dating methods (such as uranium-thorium dating of the calcite over the rock images, etc.).
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Fawzi, Rizky, and Zulfikar Ali. "Association of JJ stent insertion and sexual function: A cohort study." F1000Research 7 (December 24, 2018): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16608.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Indonesia is known as one of the world’s stone belt areas in Asia. Management of urolithiasis cannot be separated with the role of JJ stent insertion. However, a limited number of prior studies show that a patient with JJ stent is at risk for sexual function disorder. This study aims to evaluate the association of JJ stent insertion with sexual function, both in men and women. Methods: This is a cohort study and the subjects were patients who had undergone JJ stent insertion in July - November 2017 at Kardinah Regional Hospital, Tegal, Central Java. This study was approved by the Research Ethic Committee of Kardinah Hospital (#445/3840/2017). Data were taken using standardized self-administered questionnaires before and after insertion of the JJ stent. Male sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, while female sexual function was assessed using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Result: 60 male patients, with a mean of age 51.1 + 10.6 years, and 33 female patients, with mean of age 49.6 + 10.6 years old, underwent JJ stent insertion. A significant association was found in women before and after JJ stent insertion (p<0.05), with FSFI score 23.62 + 0.64 before insertion and 16.7 + 0.52 after insertion. A similar result was also found in men with total IIEF score 49.55 + 2.3 before JJ stent insertion and 38.4 + 1.7 after insertion. Conclusion: This study confirms that JJ stent insertion may cause a disturbance of sexual function. However, the mechanism is not clear yet.
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Kozlikin, M. B. "The Early Middle Paleolithic in Altai: New Data." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 3 (2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-3-45-52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. Until recently, the earliest assemblages from Denisova Peshchera (cave) in the Altai mountains included a small collection of stone artifacts recovered from layers 22 and 21 in the Main Chamber of the cave. Comprehensive archaeological research carried out over the past decade has made it possible to study deposits recognized at the base of the stratigraphic section in the East Chamber. The oldest archaeological evidence documented in this area was found within lithological layers 15 and 14. Based on data from biostratigraphic studies and absolute dating, accumulation of sediments from layers 15 and 14 appears to have occurred in favorable environmental conditions of MIS-7. This paper presents the results of our analysis undertaken for a stone tool industry associated with these layers and correlation of these materials with contemporaneous assemblages from the other sections of the site. Results. The collection of stone artifacts from layers 15 and 14 includes more than 35 000 specimens. Primary flaking in this industry can be generally characterized by the use of both unifacial and bifacial cores utilized in a radial system. The analysis shows that small cobbles or large flakes with a massive cross-section were used as blanks for manufacturing such cores. Flake blanks include primarily truncated or short flakes with a smooth or natural platform showing no rejuvenation of overhang. Flakes mainly demonstrate longitudinal, unidirectional or orthogonal faceting of the dorsal surface. Blades were found in small numbers. Large, rare medium-size flakes, as well as fragments from massive flakes were used as tool blanks. The tool assemblage is dominated by denticulate, notch, spur-like tools and scrapers of different types. Flakes showing the ventral thinning of lateral edges, as well as flakes with removed striking platform, constitute a group of specific artifacts. Both geochronological data, which were obtained for the Pleistocene deposits in the cave, and technical-typological characteristics of the stone tool industry show that the closest cultural and chronological counterpart to the Early Middle Paleolithic assemblage from layers 15 and 14 in the East Chamber is evidences recovered from layers 21 (363 specimens) and 20 (1 039 specimens) in the Main Chamber. Conclusion. Geochronology of the lower deposits from Denisova Peshchera, which is based on the lithological and biostratigraphic record, as well as on the absolute age determinations, makes it possible to recognize this cave as the earliest stratified Middle Paleolithic site in Siberia. Data resulted from the analysis of new archaeological evidences found in the East Chamber have significantly contributed to the knowledge of the Early Middle Paleolithic in the region, thus enabling further determination of the position of this complex among contemporaneous sites in North Asia.
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Rybin, E. P., V. S. Slavinsky, A. M. Khatsenovich, and N. E. Belousova. "Intentional fragmentation as a specific initial Upper Paleolithic technology at the Kara-Bom site (Mountain Altai, Russia)." Archaeology and Ethnography 17, no. 5 (2018): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-5-72-86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. Recent investigations have highlighted an Asian variant of the so-called Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) broadly comparable in age and material culture to techno-complexes further to the west, but also showing distinct derived features. Several principal common technological features characterize the IUP in East Asia. The main targeted products of flaking were medium or large blades, the latter sometimes of very significant size, and the number of bladelets is also large. Primary flaking is characterized by alternate bidirectional reduction of cores in which spalls, alternately detached from opposing platforms along the long axis of the core, determined the shape of targeted blank: pointed blades. Reduced cores were prismatic, sub-prismatic and flat. Burin-core reduction for bladelet and small blade production was the specific knapping technology employed in the IUP of southern Siberia and Central Asia. Here, we describe and provide corroborating evidence for another distinct technological method employed in the Initial Upper Paleolithic – intentional fragmentation (IF). The most effective means of understanding knapping technology are refitting studies of archaeological collections. This article examines several examples of refitted fragmented cores and blades, as well as debitage as the by-product of blank breakage. Results. Our refitting study includes assemblages from all excavation units and partially divided, relatively homogenous raw material types, representing a diachronic assemblage of Middle and Upper Paleolithic materials, even in very disturbed excavation areas. The present study illustrates the best examples of directional reduction associated with core preparation and tool blank production because of the lack of statistical information for some Upper Paleolithic assemblages from this site. We reconstructed the process of intentional fragmentation for burin-cores and a few large and medium blades. Often, blank breakage produced butterfly-like debitage. Pieces of fragmented blades could have been used as tools. Typical attributes of IF consistently appearing on two transverse edges of blanks and present in the assemblage of artifacts prove the anthropogenic character of these flaking traces. Conclusions. It is probable that intentional fragmentation was used in the Initial Upper Paleolithic assemblage at Kara-Bom because of the influences of mobility and transportation of stone raw material by local settlers. They transported a significant proportion of raw material from primary chert outcrops situated 4–5 km from the Kara-Bom site.
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Stojic, Milorad. "Response to the contribution: On Neolithic authenticity of finds from Belica by Dragana Antonovic and Slavisa Peric." Starinar, no. 63 (2013): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1363301s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last issue of Starinar (LXII/2012) a contribution On Neolithic Authenticity of Finds from Belica was published. The authors Dragana Antonovic and Slavisa Peric (further A-P), dispute the 'Neolithic' provenience of finds from the village Belica. The reason is based on two articles published by me and possibly the pending publication in T?bingen of my monograph Belica, the Greatest Group Find of Neolithic Artistic Cult Sculpture. A-P based their conclusion that the objects from Belica are not 'Neolithic' on the premise that the pit with these objects did not exist, that the objects are of 'contemporary provenience', most probably made by 'an archeologist-amateur aiming to create confusion in Serbian archaeology', that there are 'no analogies for them', that the site in Belica represents 'a small Neolithic settlement', that 'objects were made mechanically' and that traces of fast revolving 'grinding instruments' are visible on them. Also, A-P cite me as the only author to have written about the find from Belica and who believes that the find belongs to the Neolithic period. Technical, geodetic and photo documentation from systematic excavations, as well as the homogeneity of protostarcevo material confirm the existence of a pit, belonging to early Neolith. Four radiocarbon tests prove, apart from the characteristics of the material and the analogies, that the objects are not 'contemporary provenience' but belong to the Early Neolithic period. In connection with the possibility, as A-P state, that 'an archaeologist-amateur ... dug in the finds in the earth.' aiming to 'produce confusion in Serbian archaeology' I cite here what this 'archaeologist-amateur' needed to know to do this. He needed to shape artistically 93 objects of four typically Neolithic materials, stone, flint, bone and pottery (16 pottery, 66 stone, 11 bone objects) and to dig them in clandestinely, together with some protostarcevo pottery. He would need to find various types of stone which are not found in the region, such as serpentine and albite, and to make several dozen objects from them; to find animal bones (Bos/Cervus), from the protostarcevo period and make a large number of figurines exclusively of this material; then using baked clay (as A-P state), also from the protostarcevo period, make anthropomorphic figurines. He would then have to put all these objects into a pit which he dug out in the centre of the Neolithic site, surrounded by a trench 75 m in diameter and then cover it with a great quantity of ochre. To fill up the pit clay of specific content would have to be transport from somewhere else. He would also need to have excellent knowledge of the religious symbols of Neolith, (particularly the connection of the symbolism of woman and moon, as well as the symbolism of moon, woman, snake etc.), to shape such objects which stylistically, typologically, chronologically and symbolically completely correspond with the cultural tradition of the Stone Age of Europe, Asia Minor, Near and Middle East, including the ambivalent figures (which represent at the same time man and woman, i.e. male and female symbols, otherwise a recent term in archaeology) and to know how the vulva looks immediately before birth which was depicted on all figurines of woman in childbirth in Belica. The statement by A-P that 'there are no analogies' is not correct because numerous analogies are known in Serbia and other parts of the Balkan Peninsula as well as in Asia Minor, the Near and Middle East. As geomagnetic investigations confirm, the protostarcevo settlement in Belica, contrary to the opinion of A-P that it is 'a small Neolithic settlement', is one of the largest settlements from the Early Neolith in Serbia, covering an area of more than 7 ha. Also the statement, that parallel traces, such as those which exist on the surface and in grooves on the stone objects, are the remains of work with 'contemporary grind tools with a large number of rotations' is incorrect. The expertise of professional archeometrologists using a 3D electron microscope in the Institute for geology in Heidelberg and an experiment by conservators from the University in T?bingen confirm that the finish of the outer surface and the finish of grooves on the objects of serpentine (expertise was carried out exactly on objects which A-P explicitly marked as examples of mechanical finish) was done with typical Neolithic techniques. The statement that I was the only one who wrote about the Belica finds and identified them as Neolithic, is also not true. Although it is not important in this discussion about the 'Neolithic originality' of the Belica find, the fact is that apart from me five other authors have written on this subject.
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Kravchenko, E. A. "COULD THE PERSONS BURIED IN PEREPIATIKHA BARROW BE THE LORDS OF THE HILLFORD OF KHOTIV?" Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 32, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.03.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
North-West side of Forrest-Steppe zone had no high activity in historical events of the beginning of Iron Age, so the material culture of sites of these territories have had no sharp chronological rappers. They took places in aristocratic complexes just with appearance of Scythian in Middle Dnieper region. The article deals with two brilliant sites dating to the Early Scythian time — hillford of Khotiv and Perepiatikha burial mound. How is traditional and innovative on these sits divided?
The antiquities of the previous period in Central and Eastern Europe became a conservative feature in the local material culture. This is a way of building and building materials, bi-ritual burial ceremony, hand-made pottery, prestigious personal metal things of the Thracian-Illyrian type, bronze details of a traditional costume, metal and stone tools, stone dishes and crackers.
Innovation is divided into several categories. The first is the technology of fortification, which was appeared in placement of defense from the cavalry, and not only from the archers, and the emergence of new types of arrows — so called Scythian, which in fact became a forced import. In other words, innovation in technology relates to the sphere of warfare. The second category is import. Early imports are associated with the antiquities of the North Caucasus, the Middle East and Asia Minor (Khotiv’s predator, griffins from Perepiatikha, bronze mirrors, geshire and paste beads), which can be called jewelry and toilet items on the whole, that is, luxury items. Late imports connected with Greek policies. These are amphorae — containers of wine or other products, willing fineware and cooking pottery, which in general can be called consumer goods.
Both types of innovation are generally associated with adoption or inventing, as well as getting through trade of new things or technologies that are not associated with the massive migration of carriers of innovation features. At the same time, traditional features show that the ethnic characteristics of the population of the region are not unchanged at the time of being of both sits — hillfort of Khotiv and the funeral complex of Perepiatikha.
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Derevianko, A. P., Yu A. Azarenko, and S. A. Komissarov. "Changbin culture on Taiwan: history of investigations and basic characteristics." Archaeology and Ethnography 17, no. 5 (2018): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-5-21-29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. The paper describes the most ancient archaeological culture of Taiwan and its significance for the reconstruction of the early stage of the human society’s development in the region. Results. Changbin, the culture of the Late Paleolithic Age, named after Changbin Township in Taidong County on the eastern coast of the island and its southern extremities where it was discovered. Excavations of the primary site, Baxiandong (Baxian caves; or Pahsientung), started in 1968, with new findings being made nowadays. The Baxian sea-cave samples were tested with radiocarbon measurement to have been dated from 15 to 5 thousand years ago, making earlier dates (around 50,000 years ago) debatable. The bulk of artifacts found includes chipped stone and bone tools, mainly of them are flint scrapers, sharp-edged flake tools, pebble chopping tools, shell scrapers and also tools made of bone, such as wedges, stitching awls and fish hooks. The ancient people, who lived in the caves, hunted, fished and gathered seafood on the coast. Typlogically, the Changbin tools are similar to the Hoabinhian industry. It is possible that Changbinhians came to Taiwan from the Southeast China, but also probably from the Phillipines. At its late stage, the Changbin culture overlaps with the Neolithic Dabenkeng culture (about 5000–2500 years BC), but there is no evidence to any contacts between them. Conclusion. Changbin Culture is extremely important for the understanding of the origin of the first settlements in prehistorical Taiwan. Farther research can bring new results in revealing the features of anthropogenesis on the territory of the Eastern Asia. Detailed reconstruction of the stages of development of this territory, with special attention to the initial settlement of Taiwan, is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of the cultural evolution of the early cultures in the region and can help solve the problem of the spread of a modern anthropological type in ecumene, make possible the identifying the ways of ancient migrations in the Asia-Pacific region. The initial period of studies of Baxian caves made possible to formulate the tasks for the new search, the answers to which will be received within the next stage of the archaeological works, having begun about 10 years ago.
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Kovalev, A. A., K. N. Solodovnikov, Ch Munkhbayar, M. Erdene, A. I. Nechvaloda, and A. V. Zubova. "Paleoanthropological study of a skull from a burial at the Chemurchek sanctuary Hulagash (Bayan-Ulgii aimag, Mongolia)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(48) (March 2, 2020): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-48-1-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent studies show that, in the 3rd millennium BC, the highlands in the basin of the upper reaches of the Khovd (Kobdo) River constituted a ritual zone, which was of particular importance for the population inhabiting the western foothills of the Mongolian Altai Mountains. Its cultural singularity was due to the so-called Chemurchek cultural phenomenon — a set of characteristics of West European origin, which appeared there no later than 2700–2600 BC. Three large-scale ritual complexes-‘shrines’ attributed to this period were discovered in the area of Lake Dayan Nuur. Excavations conducted by the expedition of A.A. Kovalev and Ch. Munkhbayar revealed that these structures constituted fences consisting of vertical stone slabs, decorated all-over on the outside with the images of fantastic anthropomorphic creatures and animals. The excavation of Hulagash 1 (one of these sanctu-aries), radiocarbon dated to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, revealed a single grave in the centre of the structure, synchronous with the time when the complex was used. The grave belonged to a man of advanced age, whose body was wrapped in a wide piece of cloth. The significance of this man being buried in the centre of the ritual site remains unclear. This person could have been sacrificed during construction or, conversely, he could have had a special status. Craniometrical measurement and dentological investigation of the scull from the Chemurchek sanctuary Hulagash were conducted; its graphic reconstruction was performed. Its anthropological type shows a significant Mongoloid component. Intergroup comparison revealed its significant morphological dif-ferences from markedly Caucasoid groups, including the Afanasievo culture of South Siberia and Central Asia. This excludes the morphogenetic continuity of the Chemurchek phenomenon from the antecedent Afanasievo popula-tion. The individual from Hulagash bears the greatest anthropological similarity to the Neolithic-Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age populations of the Circumbaikal region (Serovo and Glazkovo cultures) and the Barnaul-Biysk Ob area (Itkul and Firsovo XI burial grounds dating back to the pre-Bronze Age; Early Bronze Age burial grounds of the Elunino culture). This is obviously a manifestation of a shared anthropological substrate, since the anthropological component of the Baikal type (which the population of the Elunino culture included) was recorded in the Neolithic-Eneolithic materials from the northern foothills of the Altai Mountains. Remarkable morphological similarities between the individual from Hulagash and the bearers of the Elunino archaeological culture reinforce the assumption that there is a cultural affinity between the Chemurchek and Elunino populations of the Early Bronze Age.
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Qian, Men-Bao, Hong-Mei Li, Zhi-Hua Jiang, Yi-Chao Yang, Ming-Fei Lu, Kang Wei, Si-Liang Wei, et al. "Severe hepatobiliary morbidity is associated with Clonorchis sinensis infection: The evidence from a cross-sectional community study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0009116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clonorchis sinensis infection is highly prevalent in Asia. Diverse hepatobiliary morbidity has been documented for C. sinensis infection. This study aimed to assess the association between C. sinensis infection and hepatobiliary morbidity, taking into consideration of the control, confounders and infection intensity. A cross-sectional community survey was implemented in Hengxian county, southeastern China. Helminth infections were detected by fecal examination. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography were then conducted. After excluding confounding effects from gender, age and alcohol drinking, quantitative association between C. sinensis infection and hepatobiliary morbidity was assessed, and the effect from infection intensity was also evaluated, through adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). 696 villagers older than 10 years were enrolled. The prevalence and infection intensity of C. sinensis were higher in male, elder people and the individuals consuming alcohol. Light C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of diarrhoea (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.5). C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of fatty liver (aOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2), and the effect was similar in different infection intensities. Moderate C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of gallbladder stone (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.1–8.6), while moderate and heavy infections with the increase of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0–4.9 and aOR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9–9.9, respectively). C. sinensis infection had an effect on the development of periductal fibrosis (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.1–4.9), which showed increasing trend by infection intensity. The length and width of gallbladder in those with C. sinensis infection were enlarged, especially in those over 30 years old. C. sinensis infection is significantly associated with hepatobiliary morbidity. The occurrence of some morbidity was strongly related to the infection intensity. Awareness on harm of clonorchiasis should be raised both for policy-makers and villagers to adopt effective interventions.
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Bayarsaikhan, J. "Fish depictions in the deer stones." Turkic Studies Journal 3, no. 2 (2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2021-2-44-53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The autochthonous community of Central Asia, including Mongolia, is based on a nomadic culture, the origins of which go back to the paleoculture, the Bronze Age. The article is devoted to the topic of Central Asia - study drawings, petroglyphs in the Late Bronze Age. On the deer stones, petroglyphs, logograms depicting heavenly bodies (sun, moon), hunting and labor tools, wild and domestic animals, fish, as well as the so-called «pair fish» of which were found during archaeological work in Mongolia, South Siberia, Central Asia. The article notes that in the depicted figures, logos reflected the «world view» of the ancient people, their mythology and ideology, understanding of the world and nature. Some artifacts of the paleoculture discovered during archaeological excavations are still kept in the National Museum of Mongolia. Exploring the artefacts of paleoculture, the author makes his own contribution to the study of the cultural origins of Central Asia.
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Bower, Bruce. "Humans & society: Stone Age spearpoint found on Asian island." Science News 185, no. 4 (February 11, 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591850409.
Повний текст джерела